CN115522009B - Pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method - Google Patents
Pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115522009B CN115522009B CN202211187683.7A CN202211187683A CN115522009B CN 115522009 B CN115522009 B CN 115522009B CN 202211187683 A CN202211187683 A CN 202211187683A CN 115522009 B CN115522009 B CN 115522009B
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- plasma
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- melting furnace
- gas
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
- C21B13/125—By using plasma
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making method, which comprises the following steps: s1, loading iron ore into a melting furnace, and discharging air in the melting furnace; s2, the step of performing the step of,taking nitrogen or inert gas as an arcing medium, starting a plasma torch, and inputting high-temperature nitrogen or inert gas plasma flame flow generated by the plasma torch into the melting furnace from the lower side part of the melting furnace to heat the temperature in the melting furnace to 400-550 ℃; s3, gradually increasing the pure H input into the plasma torch 2 The gas flow is gradually reduced, the input amount of nitrogen or inert gas is gradually reduced, and the easy ionization characteristic of the nitrogen or inert gas is utilized to keep the high-temperature flame flow stable until H is reached 2 The air flow is stable, and the air flow can be completely switched into H after ionization is stabilized and stable electric arc is formed 2 High temperature H generated by ion torch as working gas 2 The plasma flame current heats and reduces the iron ore and forms molten iron. The method of the invention is pure H for the exhaust tail gas 2 O steam, reducing greenhouse gas CO 2 Is used for the discharge amount of the fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of iron making, in particular to a pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making method.
Background
The carbon dioxide emission strives to reach the peak value before 2030 in China for years, and strives to achieve the aim of carbon neutralization before 2060, so that the iron and steel industry is still used as the energy aggregation industry at present, and is a large household with carbon emission, the iron in China in recent two years is over 8.3 hundred million tons, and CO 2 Emission reaches over 12.9 hundred million tons/year, and reduction of greenhouse gas emission and improvement of the existing metallurgical process in the metallurgical process are not sustained, so that the traditional method for adopting C reduction is limited.
The current technology for changing the state of the art is plasma smelting, but the working gases are inert gases or inert gases and H 2 For the working gas used in the smelting, the inert gas is continuously consumed and the inert gas is continuously discharged, although the inert gasThe reaction of the gas-liquid mixture is very low, and the gas-liquid mixture is not dangerous, but a large amount of inert gases are discharged in the smelting process to be gathered, so that the surrounding oxygen content is reduced, and people are choked, therefore, for the working environment of smelting, the continuously discharged inert gases form potential safety hazards to staff around the smelting furnace, the surrounding of the smelting furnace is in a high-temperature state, and once the staff enter, the staff can be choked easily without corresponding protective measures.
In addition, in the prior art, the ore is reduced after the inert gas and the hydrogen are mixed, and the mode is that the ore is in a powder state, so that gas and ore powder are simultaneously conveyed from the top of a smelting furnace, the ore powder contacts with high-temperature flame to realize reduction, the mode is low in efficiency, the consumption of mixed gas is large, and in addition, the iron content is limited to be within 95% by the iron-making method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method, which is characterized in that the tail gas discharged by the method is pure H 2 O steam, reducing greenhouse gas CO 2 And high inert gas consumption.
The pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking method comprises the following steps:
s1, loading iron ore into a melting furnace, and discharging air in the melting furnace;
s2, taking nitrogen or inert gas as an arcing medium, starting a plasma torch, and inputting high-temperature nitrogen or inert gas plasma flame flow generated by the plasma torch into the melting furnace from the lower side part of the melting furnace to heat the melting furnace to 400-550 ℃;
s3, gradually increasing the pure H input into the plasma torch 2 The gas flow is gradually reduced, the input amount of nitrogen or inert gas is gradually reduced, and the easy ionization characteristic of the nitrogen or inert gas is utilized to keep the high-temperature flame flow stable until H is reached 2 The air flow is stable, and the air flow can be completely switched into H after ionization is stabilized and stable electric arc is formed 2 High temperature H generated by ion torch as working gas 2 The plasma flame current heats and reduces the iron ore and forms molten iron.
Further, in step S1, the volume of the iron ore is 50-75% of the volume of the melting furnace.
Further, in step S1, nitrogen or inert gas is continuously fed into the melting furnace through the plasma torch and then air in the melting furnace is discharged.
Further, in step S2, the temperature in the melting furnace is heated to 480 ℃.
Further, in step S3, after the iron ore in the melting furnace is heated to a molten state, H is adjusted 2 The gas flow and the power of the ion torch are such that the temperature in the melting furnace is maintained at 1550-1650 ℃.
Further, H 2 After the air flow is stable, the power of the plasma torch is 65-70KW, H 2 The air flow rate of (2) is 500-650L/min.
The invention utilizes the characteristics of the plasma torch, such as instantaneous energy aggregation generation, excellent electric conductivity and excellent thermal conductivity, and the high-temperature green pure H is generated by the plasma torch 2 The plasma flame flow is fed into the melting furnace from the lower side part of the melting furnace, and the iron ore is heated and simultaneously undergoes a reduction reaction with the iron ore as a reducing agent, so that molten metal iron in a molten state is finally generated for subsequent treatment. The technology changes the current situation of the traditional iron making with carbon or carbonaceous reducing agent, realizes the iron making with green electricity and green pure H2 plasma, and discharges tail gas as pure H 2 O steam, reducing greenhouse gas CO 2 And (3) the discharge amount, the consumption of high-price inert gas, and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making equipment comprises a smelting furnace 1, a plasma torch 2, a cooling system 3, an air supply system 4 and a furnace bottom plate 5, wherein after the furnace bottom plate 5 is arranged at the bottom part in the smelting furnace 1, a separation tank 6 for containing molten iron and slag is formed between the furnace bottom plate 5 and the bottom part of the smelting furnace 1, a plurality of through holes 7 are formed in the furnace bottom plate 5, the through holes 7 are used for allowing molten iron to pass through and reach the separation tank 6, meanwhile, part of slag also passes through the through holes and enters the separation tank 6, the slag is separated from the molten iron in the separation tank 6, a sleeve 2a for installing the plasma torch 2 is arranged at the lower side part (lower part of a side wall) of the smelting furnace 1, the plasma torch 2 is connected with the sleeve 2a, and a plasma flame generated by the plasma torch 2 is input into the interior of the smelting furnace 1 from the lower side part of the smelting furnace 1. Since the plasma torch 2 is operated at a high temperature, the plasma torch 2 is connected to the cooling system 3, and the cooling system 3 cools the operating plasma torch 2. The plasma torch 2 is provided with inlet ports, and the gas supply system 4 is connected to the inlet ports, in this embodiment, two inlet ports are provided, one for receiving pure hydrogen and the other for receiving nitrogen or inert gas.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, loading iron ore into a melting furnace 1, opening a nitrogen making system, feeding nitrogen into the melting furnace through a plasma torch, and exhausting air.
S2, switching on a power supply and a cooling system, taking nitrogen as an arcing medium, starting a plasma torch 2, heating the temperature 1 in the melting furnace to 480 ℃ by utilizing high-temperature nitrogen plasma flame flow (flame flow is more than 3000 ℃) generated by the plasma torch 2, and simultaneously, the temperature is pure H 2 The reduction reaction in the iron-making process cannot be fully performed due to pure H 2 The arcing is difficult, so that when the temperature in the melting furnace is heated to 480 ℃ later, nitrogen is utilized to strike the arc and gradually switch to pure H 2 Ensuring stable operation of the ion torch 2. It can be seen that the high temperature nitrogen plasma flame flow not only has the function of preheating the melting furnace 1, but also switches H 2 When H is 2 Ionization arc discharge unstable stage N 2 Ionization acts to stabilize the arc.
S3, gradually increasing the pure H input into the plasma torch 2 The gas flow is gradually reduced, the easy ionization characteristic of the nitrogen is utilized to keep the high temperature flame flow formed by the mixed gas stable, and the gas is treated by H 2 The air flow is stable, and the air flow can be completely switched into H after ionization is stabilized and stable electric arc is formed 2 For working gas, using high temperature generated by ion torchH 2 The plasma flame current heats and reduces the iron ore and forms molten iron. Wherein the temperature in the melt is increased from 480 ℃ to 1600 ℃.
Regulation H 2 Flow and ion torch power, H 2 After the air flow is stable, the power 67KW and H of the plasma torch 2 The air flow rate of (2) was 520L/min. The temperature in the melting furnace was maintained at 1600 ℃, so that the reduction reaction was stably performed, and the iron ore was sufficiently reduced to metallic iron.
S4, flowing molten iron and slag into a molten iron and slag separation tank through an iron ore gap and a hollowed-out molten furnace bottom plate, collecting molten metal iron, and carrying out subsequent processing treatment.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, loading iron ore into a melting furnace 1, opening an argon system, feeding argon into the melting furnace through a plasma torch, and exhausting air.
S2, switching on a power supply and a cooling system, starting a plasma torch by taking argon as an arcing medium, heating the temperature 1 in the melting furnace to 500 ℃ by utilizing high-temperature argon plasma flame flow generated by ionization of the argon by the plasma torch 2, and simultaneously, the temperature is pure H 2 The reduction reaction in the iron-making process cannot be fully performed due to pure H 2 The arc starting is difficult, so that when the temperature in the melting furnace is heated to 500 ℃ later, argon is utilized for arc starting and the temperature is gradually changed into pure H 2 Ensuring stable operation of the ion torch 2. It can be seen that argon not only has the effect of preheating the melting furnace 1, but also switches H 2 When H is 2 Argon ionization plays a role in stabilizing an arc in an unstable stage of ionization arc discharge.
S3, gradually increasing the pure H input into the plasma torch 2 The gas flow is gradually reduced, the easy ionization characteristic of argon is utilized to keep the high temperature flame flow formed by the mixed gas stable, and the gas flow is kept to be H 2 The air flow is stable, and the air flow can be completely switched into H after ionization is stabilized and stable electric arc is formed 2 High temperature H generated by ion torch as working gas 2 Plasma plume heating and reductionIron ore and forms molten iron, wherein the temperature in the melt is 1620 ℃.
Regulation H 2 Gas flow and ion torch power, H 2 After the air flow is stable, the power 68KW and H of the plasma torch 2 The air flow rate of (2) was 550L/min. The temperature in the melting furnace was maintained at 1620 ℃, so that the reduction reaction was stably performed, and the iron ore was sufficiently reduced to metallic iron.
S4, flowing molten iron and slag into a molten iron and slag separation tank through an iron ore gap and a hollowed-out molten furnace bottom plate, collecting molten metal iron, and carrying out subsequent processing treatment.
Compared with the existing blast furnace smelting technology and the existing plasma iron-making technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts pure H2 as working medium, and the tail gas emission is pollution-free H 2 O steam;
2. in the low-temperature unstably and fully reduced smelting stage, inert gas is adopted as a working medium, thereby solving the problems of pure H 2 The problem of difficult arcing is that the temperature in the melting furnace 1 is instantaneously heated, and a great amount of H is prevented from being mixed in the tail gas 2 The gas is discharged into the environment, so that the gas is safe and does not waste gas resources;
3. pure H 2 High temperature gas flame flow enters from the side bottom of the melting furnace, and high temperature H 2 The iron ore flows upwards through the gaps of the iron ore, so that the contact time with the iron ore is prolonged, the contact area with the iron ore is enlarged, and the continuous, effective and stable reduction reaction is ensured;
4. iron ore is used as raw material, and a plasma torch is used for realizing pure green large-scale iron making.
5. The invention does not need to prepare the iron ore into the ore powder, omits the process for preparing the ore powder, and has the advantage of saving the cost.
Three groups of tests are carried out by adopting the method, and iron content detection is carried out on smelting products of each group of tests respectively, wherein the iron content of the first group is 97.4%, the iron content of the second group is 97.2%, and the iron content of the third group is 97.6%, and according to the detection result, the iron content obtained by the method is more than 97%, and compared with the prior art, the iron content is improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any equivalent changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making method comprises pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making equipment, and is characterized in that,
the pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making equipment comprises a smelting furnace (1), a plasma torch (2), a cooling system (3), a gas supply system (4) and a furnace bottom plate (5), wherein after the furnace bottom plate (5) is arranged at the bottom part in the smelting furnace (1), a separation tank (6) for containing molten iron and slag is formed between the furnace bottom plate (5) and the bottom part of the smelting furnace (1), a plurality of through holes (7) are formed in the furnace bottom plate (5), the molten iron is supplied to the separation tank (6) after passing through the through holes (7), meanwhile, part of slag also passes through the through holes to enter the separation tank (6), the slag is separated from the molten iron in the separation tank (6), a sleeve (2 a) for installing the plasma torch (2) is arranged at the lower side part of the smelting furnace (1), the plasma torch (2) is connected with the sleeve (2 a), a plasma flame flow generated by the plasma torch (2) is input into the interior of the smelting furnace (1) from the lower side part of the smelting furnace (1), the cooling system (3) is adopted to be connected with the plasma torch (2), a cooling port (4) is arranged in the work port for entering the pure plasma torch (2) through the cooling system, and two hydrogen gas inlet ports (4) are arranged at the upper end ports for receiving the pure hydrogen gas, the other is used for receiving nitrogen or inert gas;
the reduction iron making method by adopting the pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making equipment comprises the following steps of:
s1, loading iron ore into a melting furnace, and discharging air in the melting furnace;
s2, taking nitrogen or inert gas as an arcing medium, starting a plasma torch, and inputting high-temperature nitrogen or inert gas plasma flame flow generated by the plasma torch into the melting furnace from the lower side part of the melting furnace to heat the melting furnace to 400-550 ℃;
s3, gradually increasing the pure H input into the plasma torch 2 The gas flow is gradually reduced, the input amount of nitrogen or inert gas is gradually reduced, and the easy ionization characteristic of the nitrogen or inert gas is utilized to keep the high-temperature flame flow stable until H is reached 2 The air flow is stable, and the air flow can be completely switched into H after ionization is stabilized and stable electric arc is formed 2 High temperature H generated by plasma torch as working gas 2 Heating and reducing iron ore by the plasma flame flow and forming molten iron;
H 2 after the air flow is stable, the power of the plasma torch is 65-70KW, H 2 The air flow rate of (2) is 500-650L/min.
2. The method of pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the volume of iron ore is 50-75% of the volume of the smelting furnace.
3. The method of pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, nitrogen or inert gas is continuously fed into the smelting furnace through the plasma torch and then air in the smelting furnace is discharged.
4. The method of pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction ironmaking according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the temperature in the smelting furnace is heated to 480 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, after the iron ore in the melting furnace is heated to a molten state, H is adjusted 2 The flow rate and the power of the ion torch are such that the temperature in the melting furnace is maintained at 1550-1650 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211187683.7A CN115522009B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method |
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| CN202211187683.7A CN115522009B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Pure hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron-making method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1237115A (en) * | 1968-06-28 | 1971-06-30 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Apparatus for production of castings |
| EP1275739A2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-15 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH & Co. | Process and apparatus for metal production, especially steel, from fine grained metal oxides |
| CN1583548A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-23 | 张芬红 | Method for preparing nanometer aluminium nitride ceramic powders |
| CN106011357A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | Hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making method and system |
-
2022
- 2022-09-28 CN CN202211187683.7A patent/CN115522009B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1237115A (en) * | 1968-06-28 | 1971-06-30 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Apparatus for production of castings |
| EP1275739A2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2003-01-15 | Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau GmbH & Co. | Process and apparatus for metal production, especially steel, from fine grained metal oxides |
| CN1583548A (en) * | 2003-08-18 | 2005-02-23 | 张芬红 | Method for preparing nanometer aluminium nitride ceramic powders |
| CN106011357A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-12 | 航天神洁（北京）环保科技有限公司 | Hydrogen plasma smelting reduction iron making method and system |
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