CN115521814B - Method for binding and pressing regenerated fuel by using medical waste - Google Patents

Method for binding and pressing regenerated fuel by using medical waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115521814B
CN115521814B CN202210967628.3A CN202210967628A CN115521814B CN 115521814 B CN115521814 B CN 115521814B CN 202210967628 A CN202210967628 A CN 202210967628A CN 115521814 B CN115521814 B CN 115521814B
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medical waste
grinding
equipment
fuel
medical
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CN115521814A (en
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孔林
张文超
陈景卫
范李鹏
牛丽萍
卢前明
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Henan Tianchen Xinyuan Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co ltd
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Henan Tianchen Xinyuan Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/26—After-treatment of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/28—Heating the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes; Coking the binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

The invention provides a method for compacting regenerated fuel by medical waste adhesion, which comprises the following steps: step S1, medical wastes are shredded by using a double-stage double-shaft shredder; s2, conveying the shredded medical waste into grinding and crushing equipment; s3, conveying the ground medical waste to magnetic separation equipment; step S4, lifting the screened medical waste residues to a caching device for storage; s5, transmitting the medical waste in the buffer device to stirring equipment, adding an adhesive into the stirring equipment, and uniformly stirring; and S6, conveying the medical waste which is doped with the adhesive and fully stirred into the forming equipment. The medical waste after the dry chemical treatment is bonded and pressed into the fuel block, so that the medical waste is convenient to transport, the environmental pollution is avoided, the heat value of the medical waste derived fuel is improved, the recycling of the medical waste is realized, the disposal cost is reduced, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are good.

Description

Method for binding and pressing regenerated fuel by using medical waste
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of medical waste recovery, and particularly relates to a method for bonding and pressing regenerated fuel by using medical waste.
Background
Medical waste is an infectious, toxic and other hazardous waste produced by medical institutions in medical, preventive and health care activities, and the medical waste has complex components, including infectious, pathological, damaging, medicinal and chemical waste, and relates to plastics, glass, metals, human tissues and the like. The traditional treatment method of medical waste comprises the modes of incineration, high-temperature sterilization, microwave sterilization, dry chemical sterilization and the like. The dry chemical disinfection method is to mix the crushed medical waste with chemical disinfectant and react for a period of time under a closed system or negative pressure, in the process, infectious microorganisms in the medical waste are inactivated or killed, and finally harmless disposal of the medical waste is realized.
At present, the dry chemical method has simple process, high treatment efficiency and small waste gas production, and can effectively relieve the medical waste treatment pressure caused by epidemic situation. However, the dry chemical method does not realize the reduction of medical waste, the treated medical waste is usually sent to a household garbage incineration plant for further incineration, the treatment cost is increased for medical waste treatment enterprises, bulk medical waste is inconvenient to transport, and the bulk medical waste is easy to throw during transportation, thereby causing great threat to the environment. The metal impurities in the dry chemical medical waste can reduce the heat value and increase ash. If the dry chemical medical waste can be screened and processed to be made into the refuse derived fuel, the problems can be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a method for compacting a renewable fuel by means of medical waste bonding.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for compacting a renewable fuel using medical waste bonding, comprising:
step S1, shredding medical waste by using a double-stage double-shaft shredder, and adding disinfection powder into the medical waste in the shredding process to fully mix the medical waste with the disinfection powder;
s2, delivering the shredded medical waste into grinding and crushing equipment, adding disinfection powder again, and fully mixing;
s3, conveying the ground medical waste into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out metal products in the medical waste through magnetic separation;
step S4, the medical waste after screening is lifted to a buffer device for storage, so that the disinfection powder and the medical waste are fully reacted;
s5, transmitting the medical waste in the buffer device to stirring equipment, adding an adhesive into the stirring equipment, and uniformly stirring;
and S6, conveying the medical waste which is mixed with the adhesive and fully stirred into forming equipment, extruding and forming by the forming equipment, conveying the formed medical waste into a microwave drying equipment for drying, and conveying the formed medical waste into a packaging equipment for packaging.
Preferably, the method is characterized in that the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S1 is 2-3% of the weight of the medical waste; the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S2 is 6-8% of the weight of the medical waste.
Preferably, the disinfection powder is a mixture of quicklime and fly ash, wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the fly ash is 5:1-2:1;
the specific surface area of the quicklime is more than 300m 2 Per kg, specific surface area of fly ash > 500m 2 The maximum grain diameter of the medical waste crushed by the double-stage double-shaft shredder is less than 10cm; the grain size of the medical waste crushed by the grinding and crushing equipment is less than 5cm.
Preferably, the adhesive in the step S5 comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 0.02-0.1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-3 parts of industrial pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.2 part of borax and 2-10 parts of papermaking black liquor;
the water content of the industrial pregelatinized starch is less than 9%, the ash content is less than 0.5%, and the gelatinization degree is more than 55%;
the viscosity of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 100000 ～ 200000 mPa.s;
the content of sodium tetraborate in the borax is more than 95%;
the concentration of lignin and hemicellulose in the papermaking black liquor is 25% -60%, and the viscosity of the papermaking black liquor is less than 1000 mPa.s.
Preferably, before the medical waste is extruded and molded, the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the industrial pregelatinized starch and the borax which are mixed according to the proportion are added, the adhesive and the medical waste are stirred and mixed at the rotating speed of 60-100 r/min, after the stirring time is 1-20 min, the papermaking black liquor is sprayed on the medical waste, and the stirring is continued for 1-10 min.
PreferablyStep S6, the molding pressure of the medical waste is 2 MPa-20 MPa, the molding temperature is 10-40 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5-25S, the molded medical waste is cylindrical or prismatic, and the cross section area is 1-64 cm 2 The length is 2-20 cm; the microwave power adopted by the microwave drying is more than 10KW, and the drying time is 10 s-1800 s, so that the water content of the dried fuel rod is less than 10%.
Preferably, the double-stage double-shaft shredder, the grinding and crushing device, the buffer device, the stirring device, the microwave drying device, the extrusion forming device and the packing device are correspondingly arranged in the closed bin,
the exhaust fans guide the exhaust gas in the closed bin to the air purifying device through exhaust pipelines respectively, and a condenser is arranged between the air purifying device and an air outlet of each exhaust fan;
the air purifying device at least comprises a bag-type dust remover, a UV photocatalytic oxidation device and an activated carbon adsorption device.
Preferably, the dual stage dual shaft shredder comprises:
the feeding bin is provided with a feeding hole at the side part, a flashboard is arranged at the feeding hole and driven by a driving device, the feeding hole is provided with a sensing device, and the sensing device and the driving device are correspondingly connected to a controller;
the crushing mechanisms are longitudinally distributed below the feeding bin at intervals, the two crushing mechanisms are communicated through a guide nozzle, and the crushing mechanism above is correspondingly communicated with the lower end of the feeding bin;
the crushing mechanism comprises a cutter box and main shafts, wherein the two main shafts are distributed in the cutter box in parallel, each main shaft is provided with a plurality of movable cutters, and the movable cutters on the two main shafts are arranged in a staggered manner;
on the same main shaft, a wear-resisting disc is arranged between any two adjacent movable cutters, fixed cutters corresponding to the wear-resisting disc are arranged on two sides of the cutter box, and the inner side surfaces of the fixed cutters obliquely extend to the upper edge of the inner wall of the cutter box;
a plurality of blades are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the movable blades, and the blades between two adjacent movable blades are arranged in a staggered manner;
the material guiding nozzle is provided with a feeding port for feeding disinfection powder.
Preferably, the grinding and pulverizing apparatus includes:
the grinding motor is connected with a speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with a grinding screw, and spiral grinding teeth are arranged on the edge of the grinding screw;
the shell is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and an overhaul port, the inner wall of the shell is provided with shell grinding teeth, and the spiral grinding teeth and the shell grinding teeth are mutually embedded and have a gap of 5-10 mm.
Preferably, the main body of the buffer device is a material tower, a material level monitoring module, a temperature detecting module and a pH detecting module are arranged in the material tower, a weight detecting device is arranged below the material tower, and an outlet which is correspondingly connected with a feeder is arranged at the bottom of the material tower;
an interlayer is arranged on the outer wall of the material tower, a plurality of groups of heat exchange tubes which are uniformly distributed in the longitudinal direction are arranged in the inner cavity of the material tower, two ends of each heat exchange tube penetrate through the material tower and are correspondingly communicated with the interlayer, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are formed in the interlayer, and a heat medium is circularly supplied into the interlayer so as to heat medical waste;
and an air nozzle is arranged at the outlet of the material tower and is correspondingly connected with a hot air device.
The beneficial effects are that: 1. through the breakage of shredder and grinding crushing equipment, will be large irregular medical waste broken into tiny granule, be favorable to mixing with the disinfection powder on the one hand, realize germ and fully kill, on the other hand be convenient for extrusion.
2. The quicklime in the disinfection powder reacts to generate heat after meeting water, so that the disinfection of germs in medical waste is promoted, meanwhile, after the disinfection powder is pressed into fuel blocks, the lime can absorb part of hydrogen chloride in combustion waste gas in the combustion process, and thus the waste gas disposal pressure is reduced. The mixing of the fly ash has the barrier effect on one hand, and on the other hand, the fly ash contains a large amount of glass beads and has the lubricating effect, so that the medical waste is prevented from being adhered to each other in the crushing and grinding process, and the medical waste and the disinfection powder are promoted to be mixed more uniformly
3. The addition of the adhesive is beneficial to the low-pressure forming of the crushed dry chemical medical waste, and the prepared adhesive is particularly suitable for bonding the dry chemical medical waste, so that the dry chemical medical waste can be formed by slightly pressing, the energy consumption of extrusion forming is saved, and meanwhile, the heat value of the formed fuel block is improved, and the transportation and the combustion are convenient.
4. The microwave drying efficiency is high, the speed is high, the periphery is radiated gradually from the core, the drying effect is good, and the heat value of the dried fuel block can be further improved.
5. The medical waste after the dry chemical treatment is bonded and pressed into the fuel block, so that the medical waste is convenient to transport, the environmental pollution is avoided, the heat value of the medical waste derived fuel is improved, the recycling of the medical waste is realized, the disposal cost is reduced, and the economic benefit and the environmental benefit are good.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a production line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual stage dual shaft shredder in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic internal view of a dual stage dual shaft shredder in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a buffer device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a microscopic view of an adhesive bond in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a grinding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the spiral grinding teeth and the housing grinding teeth according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a double-stage double-shaft shredder, a buffer device and a double-stage double-shaft shredder; 3. grinding and crushing equipment; 4. a molding device; 5. microwave drying equipment; 6. packaging equipment; 7. a magnetic separation device; 8. a lifting device; 9. a transfer device; 10. a vertical stirring barrel; 11. closing the bin; 12. a branch pipe; 13. an exhaust fan; 14. a condenser; 15. an air purifying device; 101. a feeding bin; 102. a flashboard; 103. shredding the motor; 104. a material guiding nozzle; 105. a delivery port; 106. a tool box; 107. a movable knife; 108. a main shaft; 109. a fixed cutter; 110. abrasion-resistant disc; 201. an interlayer; 202. a heat exchange tube; 203. a temperature detection module; 204. a pH detection module; 205. a weight detecting device; 206. a material level monitoring module; 207. a tuyere; 301. a grinding motor; 302. a speed reducer; 303. a feed inlet; 304. grinding the spiral; 305. a housing; 306. an access opening; 307. a discharge port; 308. spiral grinding teeth; 309. the housing grinds the teeth.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc. refer to the orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description of the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "coupled" and "connected" as used herein are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly coupled or detachably coupled; either directly or indirectly through intermediate components, the specific meaning of the terms being understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
As shown in fig. 1-7, a method for compacting a renewable fuel using medical waste bonding, comprising: step S1, medical waste is shredded by using a double-stage double-shaft shredder 1, and the medical waste is torn and crushed by the double-stage double-shaft shredder 1, so that the medical waste is favorably mixed with disinfection powder and extruded to form, and the disinfection powder is particularly added into the medical waste in the shredding process, so that the medical waste and the disinfection powder can be fully mixed in the shredding process; step S2, the shredded medical waste is sent to a grinding and crushing device 3, the medical waste is crushed into smaller particles by the grinding and crushing device 3, and disinfection powder is added again in the process, so that the crushed medical waste and the disinfection powder are more fully mixed; s3, conveying the ground medical waste into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out metal products in the medical waste through magnetic separation; the magnetic separation equipment can be an electromagnetic disc type iron remover and a permanent magnet self-unloading type iron remover, and is correspondingly arranged on the conveying equipment 7 of the medical waste production line, so that when medical waste passes through the magnetic separation equipment, metal products are screened, on one hand, the metal products can be recovered, and on the other hand, the metal products are prevented from influencing the quality of final finished products; step S4, the crushed medical waste is lifted to the buffer device 2 to be stored, a certain time is stored in the buffer device 2, so that the disinfectant and the medical waste are fully reacted, and the storage time of the specific medical waste in the buffer device 2 can be 2 hours; step S5, the medical waste in the buffer device 2 is transmitted to stirring equipment, and an adhesive is added into the stirring equipment and stirred uniformly; the addition of the adhesive is beneficial to the low-pressure forming of the crushed dry chemical medical waste, and the prepared adhesive is particularly suitable for bonding the dry chemical medical waste, so that the dry chemical medical waste can be formed by slightly pressing; and S6, conveying the medical waste mixed with the adhesive and fully stirred into forming equipment 4, extruding and forming by the forming equipment 4, and then conveying into microwave drying equipment 5 for drying, wherein the microwave drying equipment 5 can be a tunnel microwave dryer, the microwave drying efficiency is high, the microwave drying speed is high, the periphery of the microwave is gradually radiated from a core, the drying effect is good, the heat value of the dried fuel block can be further improved, and the dried fuel block is conveyed into packaging equipment 6 for packaging after the drying is finished, and the packaging equipment 6 can be an automatic bagging machine. In this embodiment, the stirring apparatus is a vertical stirring drum 10, and the dual-stage dual-shaft shredder 1 performs feeding through the lifting device 8.
In another alternative embodiment, the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S1 is 2% -3% of the weight of the medical waste, and can be specifically 2%, 2.5% or 3%; the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S3 is 6-8% of the weight of the medical waste, and can be specifically 6%, 7%, 7.5% or 8%;
optimally, the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S1 is 2.5 percent of the weight of the medical waste, and the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S3 is 7.5 percent of the weight of the medical waste, so that the weight of the disinfection powder added is one tenth of the weight of the medical waste. In this embodiment, the disinfectant powder is a mixture of quicklime and fly ash, wherein the mass ratio of quicklime to fly ash is 5:1-2:1, for example: 5 parts of quicklime and 1 part of fly ash; 4 parts of quicklime and 1 part of fly ash; 3 parts of quicklime and 1 part of fly ash; 2 parts of quicklime and 1 part of fly ash; the quicklime in the disinfection powder reacts to generate heat after encountering moisture in the medical waste, so that the disinfection of germs in the medical waste is promoted, and meanwhile, after the medical waste is pressed into fuel blocks, the lime can absorb part of hydrogen chloride in the combustion waste gas in the combustion process, so that the waste gas disposal pressure is reduced. The mixing of the fly ash plays a role in blocking on one hand, and on the other hand, the fly ash contains a large amount of glass beads and has a lubricating effect, so that the medical waste is prevented from being adhered to each other in the crushing and grinding process, and the medical waste and the disinfection powder are promoted to be mixed more uniformly. In one embodiment, the specific surface area of the quicklime is > 300m 2 Per kg, specific surface area of fly ash > 500m 2 In order to ensure sufficient disinfection, the buffer device 2 is stored for 2 hours, so that the disinfection time of medical waste is ensured, and in the embodiment, the pH value is 11.0-12.5 in the disinfection reaction by adding disinfection powder; the maximum grain diameter of the medical waste crushed by the double-stage double-shaft shredder 1 is less than 10cm; the medical waste crushed by the grinding and crushing device 3 is floccule with the grain diameter less than 5cm, and the two-stage double-shaft shredder 1 generates heat and grinds the medical waste during the tearing processIn the process, friction heat generation enables the material reaction temperature to be more than 45 ℃, so that the disinfection effect is further enhanced, the integral disinfection time is more than or equal to 125 minutes, and the disinfection effect can be ensured.
The quicklime in the disinfection powder generates heat through reaction, so that the disinfection of germs in medical waste is promoted, and hydrogen chloride in waste gas can be purified when fuel formed in the later stage is combusted, thereby reducing the waste gas disposal pressure. The fly ash contains a large amount of glass beads and has lubricating effect, so that medical waste is prevented from being adhered to each other in the crushing and grinding process, and medical waste and disinfection powder are promoted to be mixed more uniformly.
In another alternative embodiment, the step S5 adhesive comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 0.02-0.1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-3 parts of industrial pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.2 part of borax, and 2-10 parts of papermaking black liquor; the addition of the adhesive is beneficial to the later-stage forming of broken products, and the adhesive has a certain combustion heat value after being dried, so that the combustion heat value of the formed fuel rod can be improved, and the products can be more easily formed and are convenient to transport and burn by combining the adhesive with extrusion forming. In this embodiment, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose may be 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, or 0.1 parts by weight, the industrial pregelatinized starch may be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3 parts by weight, the borax may be 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 parts by weight, the papermaking black liquor may be 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, or 10 parts by weight, and in one embodiment, the preferred binder comprises 0.1 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the industrial pregelatinized starch is 3, the borax is 0.2, and the papermaking black liquor is 10 parts by weight.
In one embodiment, the industrial pregelatinized starch has a moisture content of < 9%, ash content < 0.5%, and gelatinization degree > 55%; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a viscosity of 100000 ～ 200000 mPa.s; the content of sodium tetraborate in borax is more than 95%; the concentration of lignin and hemicellulose in the papermaking black liquor is 25% -60% (such as 25%, 35%, 40%, 50%, 60%), and the viscosity of the papermaking black liquor is less than 1000 mPa.s.
In another alternative embodiment, before the medical waste is extruded and molded, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, the industrial pregelatinized starch and the borax which are mixed according to the proportion are added, then the adhesive and the medical waste are stirred and mixed at the rotating speed of 60-100 r/min for 1-20 min, the adhesive and the medical waste are fully mixed through stirring, finally, the papermaking black liquor is sprayed on the medical waste and is continuously stirred for 1-10 min, and the papermaking black liquor is sprayed on the medical waste through a high-pressure nozzle, so that the even mixing of the adhesive and the medical waste can be ensured.
In another alternative embodiment, step S6, the medical waste is molded by the molding apparatus 4 at a molding temperature of 10-40 ℃, the molding apparatus 4 may be a briquetting machine, and the medical waste is molded into a cylindrical shape or a prismatic shape by extrusion molding, and the cross-sectional area is 1-64 cm 2 The length is 2-20 cm, preferably, the medical waste is subjected to pressure maintaining in the molding process, the molding pressure is kept at 2-20 MPa, specifically can be 2MPa, 11MPa, 20MPa and the like, the pressure maintaining time is 5-25 s, specifically can be 5s, 15s, 25s and the like, and the molded medical waste is ensured to have higher strength performance; the microwave power adopted by the microwave drying is more than 10KW, the drying time is 10 s-1800 s, the specific drying time is determined according to the water content of the finished fuel rod, the specific drying time can be 10s, 30s, 60s, 1200s, 1800s and the like, the drying time is not limited, so that the water content of the dried fuel rod is less than 10 percent, the microwave drying efficiency is high, the microwave drying speed is high, the core is firstly heated, the periphery is radiated gradually, the drying effect is good, and the heat value of the dried fuel block can be further improved.
The medical waste fuel block prepared by the embodiment of the invention is subjected to performance test, and the extensibility and the tolerance index are key indexes for evaluating the stacking storage and long-distance transportation of the fuel block, wherein the extensibility calculation formula is as follows: ductility= (10 days fuel block length-fuel block original length)/fuel block original length, resistance index calculation formula: resistance index = fuel piece drop residue mass/total fuel piece mass, where the drop height was 2m and the number of drops was 10. The results of the performance tests are shown in the following table:
Figure SMS_1
in another alternative embodiment, the exhaust gas generated by the medical waste treatment equipment is guided to the air purification device 15 through the exhaust fan 13 for carrying out the exhaust gas disinfection treatment, and the harmful components contained in the medical waste are intensively purified to avoid overflowing. The air cleaning device 15 at least comprises a cloth bag dust collector, a UV photocatalytic oxidation device and an activated carbon adsorption device, wherein the cloth bag dust collector is used for removing granular objects in the exhaust gas, the UV photocatalytic oxidation device can quickly kill residual germs contained in the exhaust gas, and the activated carbon adsorption device can further adsorb peculiar smell in the exhaust gas, so that the air discharged to the atmosphere in production is sterile and clean.
In this implementation, twin-shaft shredder 1, grind crushing apparatus 3, buffer device 2, agitated vessel 10, microwave drying apparatus 5, extrusion equipment 4 and packing equipment 6 correspond to be set up in sealed storehouse 11, realize production line seal through sealed storehouse 11, avoid containing infectious gas in the medical waste to spill over, exhaust fan 13 will seal the waste gas in the storehouse 11 through the exhaust duct respectively and lead air purification device 15, the exhaust duct includes a plurality of branch pipes 12, a plurality of branch pipes 12 stretch into respectively and seal storehouse 11 and extend to corresponding equipment, be equipped with condenser 14 between the end of giving vent to anger of air purification device 15 and exhaust fan 13, cool off waste gas.
In another alternative embodiment, the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic separation device 7 is 800mT-1000mT, and the magnetic separation device 7 can be a permanent magnet drum magnetic separator or a belt magnetic separator.
In another alternative embodiment, the dual stage dual shaft shredder 1 comprises: the feeding bin 101 is square above the feeding bin 101, a feeding bin feeding hole is formed in the side part of the feeding bin 101, a flashboard 102 is arranged at the feeding hole of the feeding bin, the flashboard 102 is driven by a driving device, an induction device is arranged at the feeding hole of the feeding bin, and the induction device and the driving device are correspondingly connected to the controller; the feeding bin 101 carries out medical waste material loading through hoisting device 8, and when induction system detected medical waste material and risen to the feeding bin feed inlet, through controller control flashboard 102 open, when carrying out rubbish crushing, flashboard 102 is sealed with the feeding bin feed inlet after closing, avoids the waste gas that the broken in-process of rubbish produced to spill over, and induction system can be infrared inductor, and the controller can be plc or singlechip, and drive arrangement can be shredding motor 103.
The bottom of the feeding bin 101 is provided with crushing mechanisms, the two crushing mechanisms are longitudinally and alternately distributed below the feeding bin 101, the two crushing mechanisms are communicated through a guide nozzle 104, the crushing mechanism positioned above is correspondingly communicated with the lower end of the feeding bin 101, medical waste enters the crushing mechanism positioned above from the feeding bin 101 and enters the crushing mechanism positioned below through the guide nozzle 104 after being crushed for one time, crushing efficiency is improved through crushing of the two crushing mechanisms, each crushing mechanism comprises a cutter box 106 and a main shaft 108, the cutter box 106 is square, the two main shafts 108 are parallelly distributed in the cutter box 106, two ends of the main shaft 108 are rotatably connected with the cutter box 106 through bearings and extend out of the cutter box 106, a shredding motor is correspondingly connected after the main shaft 108 extends out of the cutter box 106, the two main shafts 108 are respectively driven to relatively rotate through the two shredding motors, the medical waste positioned above the two main shafts 108 is led to the lower parts of the main shafts 108, a plurality of movable cutters 107 are arranged on each main shaft 108, and the movable cutters 107 on the two main shafts 108 are arranged in a staggered manner; the grinding wheel 110 is arranged between any two adjacent movable cutters 107 on the same main shaft 108, the outer edges of the movable cutters 107 are tangent to the outer edges of the grinding wheel 110, and when the main shaft 108 rotates, the movable cutters 107 on one main shaft 108 squeeze garbage on the grinding wheel 110 of the other main shaft 108, so that medical waste is shredded by squeezing, fixed cutters 109 corresponding to the grinding wheel 110 are arranged on two sides of the cutter box 106, the inner side surfaces of the fixed cutters 109 obliquely extend to the upper edges of the inner walls of the cutter box 106 to form slopes corresponding to the two main shafts 108, and the medical waste is guided; a plurality of blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the movable blade 107, the blades between two adjacent movable blades 107 are arranged in a staggered mode, the blades are ratchet-shaped corresponding to the rotation direction of the main shaft 108, the garbage driving capability of the movable blade 107 can be improved, 3-6 blades are arranged on the blade body, and the dislocation angle of the blades on two adjacent blade units is 5-10 degrees. The material guiding nozzle 104 is provided with a feeding opening 105 for feeding disinfection powder, and the crushing mechanism below crushes and mixes medical waste and disinfection powder.
In another alternative embodiment, the grinding and pulverizing device 3 includes a grinding motor 301 and a housing 305, the grinding motor 301 is connected with a speed reducer 302, the speed reducer 302 is connected with a grinding screw 304, a screw grinding tooth is disposed at the edge of the grinding screw 304, the grinding screw 304 stretches into the housing 305, an inner cavity of the housing 305 is matched with the grinding screw 304, a feed port 303, a discharge port and a maintenance port are disposed on the housing 305, the feed port 303 is located at one end of the housing 305 corresponding to the grinding motor 301, the discharge port is disposed at the other end of the housing 305, housing grinding teeth 309 are disposed on the inner wall of the housing 305, the screw grinding teeth and the housing grinding teeth 309 are mutually embedded and leave a gap, the gap between the screw grinding teeth and the housing grinding teeth 309 is 5-10 mm, and medical waste is sufficiently crushed by grinding the screw grinding teeth 308 and the housing grinding teeth 309 while the grinding screw 304 conveys the medical waste. The access holes can be a plurality of, evenly distributed is on shell 305, the maintenance of being convenient for. The spiral grinding teeth are bar-shaped and are connected to the edges of the grinding screw 304 along the length direction of the grinding screw, the outer shell grinding teeth 309 are bar-shaped and are matched with the spiral grinding teeth, the spiral grinding teeth and the outer shell grinding teeth 309 are staggered with each other along with the rotation of the grinding screw 304, and medical waste is ground in the staggered process.
In another alternative embodiment, the main body of the buffer device 2 is a material tower, a material level monitoring module 206, a temperature detecting module 203 and a pH detecting module 204 are arranged in the material tower, a weight detecting device 205 is arranged below the material tower, the state of medical waste can be monitored in real time, an outlet corresponding to a connecting feeder is arranged at the bottom of the material tower, an interlayer 201 is arranged on the outer wall of the material tower, a plurality of groups of heat exchange pipes 202 which are uniformly distributed longitudinally are arranged in the inner cavity of the material tower, two ends of each heat exchange pipe 202 pass through the material tower and are correspondingly communicated with the interlayer 201, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are arranged on the interlayer 201, a heat medium is circularly fed into the interlayer 201, and the heat medium can be heat conducting oil or steam so as to heat the medical waste, thereby improving the disinfection effect of the medical waste, and in this embodiment, the temperature of the heat medium is 115 ℃. The outlet of the material tower is provided with a plurality of air nozzles 207, the air nozzles 207 are arranged on the lower edge of the inner wall of the outlet of the material tower and point to the inside of the material tower, the air nozzles 207 are correspondingly connected with a hot air device for supplying hot air into the material tower, the temperature of the hot air can be 100-105 ℃, the disinfection can be assisted, and meanwhile, medical waste in the material tower can be in a local fluidization state by blowing through the air nozzles 207, so that the material tower is discharged more smoothly. It is to be understood that the above description is exemplary only and that the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method for compacting a renewable fuel using medical waste bonding, comprising:
step S1, shredding medical waste by using a double-stage double-shaft shredder, and adding disinfection powder into the medical waste in the shredding process to fully mix the medical waste with the disinfection powder;
s2, delivering the shredded medical waste into grinding and crushing equipment, adding disinfection powder again, and fully mixing;
s3, conveying the ground medical waste into magnetic separation equipment, and screening out metal products in the medical waste through magnetic separation;
step S4, the medical waste after screening is lifted to a buffer device for storage, so that the disinfection powder and the medical waste are fully reacted;
s5, transmitting the medical waste in the buffer device to stirring equipment, adding an adhesive into the stirring equipment, and uniformly stirring;
s6, conveying the medical waste which is doped with the adhesive and fully stirred into forming equipment, extruding and forming by the forming equipment, conveying the formed medical waste into microwave drying equipment for drying, and conveying the medical waste into packing equipment for packing;
the adhesive in the step S5 comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 0.02-0.1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 1-3 parts of industrial pregelatinized starch, 0.05-0.2 part of borax and 2-10 parts of papermaking black liquor;
the water content of the industrial pregelatinized starch is less than 9%, the ash content is less than 0.5%, and the gelatinization degree is more than 55%;
the viscosity of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is 100000 ～ 200000 mPa.s;
the content of sodium tetraborate in the borax is more than 95%;
the concentration of lignin and hemicellulose in the papermaking black liquor is 25% -60%, and the viscosity of the papermaking black liquor is less than 1000 mPa.s;
before medical waste extrusion molding, adding the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, the industrial pregelatinized starch and the borax which are mixed according to the proportion, stirring and mixing the adhesive and the medical waste at the rotating speed of 60-100 r/min for 1-20 min, spraying papermaking black liquor onto the medical waste, and continuing stirring for 1-10 min;
the main body of the buffer device is a material tower, an interlayer is arranged on the outer wall of the material tower, a plurality of groups of heat exchange tubes which are uniformly distributed in the longitudinal direction are arranged in the inner cavity of the material tower, two ends of each heat exchange tube penetrate through the material tower and are correspondingly communicated with the interlayer, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet are formed in the interlayer, and a heat medium is circularly supplied into the interlayer to heat medical waste;
an air nozzle is arranged at the outlet of the material tower and is correspondingly connected with a hot air device;
the grinding and pulverizing apparatus includes:
the grinding motor is connected with a speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with a grinding screw, and spiral grinding teeth are arranged on the edge of the grinding screw;
the shell is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet and an overhaul port, the inner wall of the shell is provided with shell grinding teeth, and the spiral grinding teeth and the shell grinding teeth are mutually embedded and have a gap of 5-10 mm;
the spiral grinding teeth are strip-shaped and are connected to the edges of the grinding screw in the length direction of the grinding screw, the shell grinding teeth are strip-shaped and are matched with the spiral grinding teeth, the spiral grinding teeth and the shell grinding teeth are staggered with each other along with the rotation of the grinding screw, and medical waste is ground in the staggered process;
the disinfectant powder is a mixture of quicklime and fly ash, wherein the mass ratio of the quicklime to the fly ash is 5:1-2:1;
the specific surface area of the quicklime is more than 300m 2 Per kg, specific surface area of fly ash > 500m 2 The maximum grain diameter of the medical waste crushed by the double-stage double-shaft shredder is less than 10cm; the grain size of the medical waste crushed by the grinding and crushing equipment is less than 5cm.
2. The method for compacting a renewable fuel using medical waste bonding according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the sterilizing powder added in step S1 is 2% to 3% of the weight of the medical waste; the weight of the disinfection powder added in the step S2 is 6-8% of the weight of the medical waste.
3. The method for compacting and regenerating fuel by using medical waste adhesion according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the molding pressure of the medical waste is 2MPa to 20MPa, the molding temperature is 10 to 40 ℃, the dwell time is 5 to 25S, the molded medical waste is cylindrical or prismatic, and the cross-sectional area is 1 to 64cm 2 The length is 2-20 cm; the microwave power adopted by the microwave drying is more than 10KW, and the drying time is 10 s-1800 s, so that the water content of the dried fuel rod is less than 10%.
4. The method for compacting renewable fuels using medical waste bonding according to claim 1, wherein a dual stage dual shaft shredder, a grind mill, a buffer, a stirrer, a microwave dryer, an extrusion device, and a bagging device are disposed in the closed bin,
the exhaust fans guide the exhaust gas in the closed bin to the air purifying device through exhaust pipelines respectively, and a condenser is arranged between the air purifying device and an air outlet of each exhaust fan;
the air purifying device at least comprises a bag-type dust remover, a UV photocatalytic oxidation device and an activated carbon adsorption device.
5. The method of compacting renewable fuels using medical waste bonding of claim 1, wherein the dual stage dual shaft shredder comprises:
the feeding bin is provided with a feeding hole at the side part, a flashboard is arranged at the feeding hole and driven by a driving device, the feeding hole is provided with a sensing device, and the sensing device and the driving device are correspondingly connected to a controller;
the crushing mechanisms are longitudinally distributed below the feeding bin at intervals, the two crushing mechanisms are communicated through a guide nozzle, and the crushing mechanism above is correspondingly communicated with the lower end of the feeding bin;
the crushing mechanism comprises a cutter box and main shafts, wherein the two main shafts are distributed in the cutter box in parallel, each main shaft is provided with a plurality of movable cutters, and the movable cutters on the two main shafts are arranged in a staggered manner;
on the same main shaft, a wear-resisting disc is arranged between any two adjacent movable cutters, fixed cutters corresponding to the wear-resisting disc are arranged on two sides of the cutter box, and the inner side surfaces of the fixed cutters obliquely extend to the upper edge of the inner wall of the cutter box;
a plurality of blades are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the movable blades, and the blades between two adjacent movable blades are arranged in a staggered manner;
the material guiding nozzle is provided with a feeding port for feeding disinfection powder.
6. The method for compacting regenerated fuel by using medical waste adhesion according to claim 1, wherein a material level monitoring module, a temperature detecting module and a pH detecting module are arranged in the material tower, a weight detecting device is arranged below the material tower, and an outlet correspondingly connected with a feeder is arranged at the bottom of the material tower.
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