CN115521389A - 一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺及在果实涂膜中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及农业技术领域,且公开了一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺及在果实涂膜中的应用,氯丙醇基壳聚糖中间体,与丁二酸酐发生酯化反应,再与N‑甲基咪唑反应,从而在壳聚糖侧链接枝了亲水性羧基和抗菌性咪唑盐基团,提高了壳聚糖的水溶性和抗菌性能,将水溶性的壳聚糖与羧甲基纤维素、明胶复合成膜,得到壳聚糖果实涂膜,果实涂膜具有很好的吸水性和保水性,同时含有抗菌性的咪唑盐基团,显著增强了涂膜的抗菌和防腐性能;在果实生长发育阶段,以及果实的运输保鲜过程中,可以进行喷洒含有水溶性的壳聚糖的溶液,在果实表面形成壳聚糖基果实涂膜,对果实起到保护、保湿和抗菌防腐的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农林业技术领域,具体为一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺及在果实涂膜中的应用。
背景技术
果实在生长发育、运输等过程中,果皮表面很容易受到机械损伤而引起破损,导致细菌和微生物腐蚀而腐烂变质,果实涂膜对果实起到很好的保护、防腐和保鲜的作用,目前果实涂膜主要由聚乙烯醇、纤维素、壳聚糖等制成。
壳聚糖因其生物相容性好,抗菌性能优良,成膜性好,在果实套膜、果实保鲜运输、食品防腐等方面有着广泛的应用;如文献《采前喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用》,报道了利用壳聚糖、茶多酚抑菌物质、抗菌肽等制成壳聚糖复合膜,并采用在猕猴桃生育期采用喷施壳聚糖复合膜于果实表面的方式,对猕猴桃起到很好的防腐保鲜的作用,因此提高壳聚糖的水溶性,及其抗菌防腐性能,可以有效拓展壳聚糖在果实涂膜中的发展和应用。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
本发明提供了一种含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖,应用于果实涂膜和果实的防腐保鲜。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案,一种水溶性的壳聚糖,合成工艺为以下步骤:
S1、向蒸馏水中加入羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加环氧氯丙烷,控制羧甲基壳聚糖和环氧氯丙烷的重量比例为1:1.2-1.8,升温至75-90℃搅拌反应6-12h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、向N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入氯丙醇基壳聚糖和丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加4-二甲氨基吡啶,搅拌反应后冷却,并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖。
S3、向N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,搅拌溶解后滴加N-甲基咪唑,在60-90℃搅拌反应12-36h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖;合成工艺路线:
优选的,S2中氯丙醇基壳聚糖、丁二酸酐、4-二甲氨基吡啶的重量比例为1:2.5-4:0.05-0.12。
优选的,所述S2中反应温度控制为80-110℃,反应时间控制为4-12h。
优选的,所述S3中氯丙基羧基壳聚糖、N-甲基咪唑的重量比例为1:1.8-3。
优选的,溶性的壳聚糖应用于果实涂膜中,果实涂膜是将水溶性的壳聚糖溶解到蒸馏水中,然后加入羧甲基纤维素、明胶,控制水溶性的壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、明胶的重量比例为1:0.1-0.25:0.15-0.4,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
(三)有益的技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下有益技术效果:
利用环氧氯丙烷与羧甲基壳聚糖的氨基发生加成反应,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖中间体,然后再与丁二酸酐发生酯化反应,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,进一步再与N-甲基咪唑反应,从而在壳聚糖侧链接枝了亲水性羧基和抗菌性咪唑盐基团,提高了壳聚糖的水溶性和抗菌性能。
将水溶性的壳聚糖与羧甲基纤维素、明胶复合成膜,得到壳聚糖果实涂膜,果实涂膜具有很好的吸水性和保水性,同时含有抗菌性的咪唑盐基团,显著增强了涂膜的抗菌和防腐性能;在果实生长发育阶段,以及果实的运输保鲜过程中,可以进行喷洒含有水溶性的壳聚糖的溶液,在果实表面形成壳聚糖基果实涂膜,对果实起到保护、保湿和抗菌防腐的作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
S1、向50mL的蒸馏水中加入3g的羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加4.8g的环氧氯丙烷,升温至90℃搅拌反应6h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、向150mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入2g的氯丙醇基壳聚糖和8g的丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加0.1g的4-二甲氨基吡啶,在110℃搅拌反应4h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖。
S3、向150mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入5g的氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,搅拌溶解后滴加9g的N-甲基咪唑,在80℃搅拌反应24h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖。
S4、将5g的水溶性的壳聚糖溶解到100mL的蒸馏水中,然后加入0.8g的羧甲基纤维素、0.75g的明胶,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
实施例2
S1、向40mL的蒸馏水中加入3g的羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加3.6g的环氧氯丙烷,升温至90℃搅拌反应10h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、向80mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入2g的氯丙醇基壳聚糖和5g的丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加0.1g的4-二甲氨基吡啶,在100℃搅拌反应8h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖。
S3、向250mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入5g的氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,搅拌溶解后滴加12g的N-甲基咪唑,在90℃搅拌反应24h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖。
S4、将5g的水溶性的壳聚糖溶解到100mL的蒸馏水中,然后加入0.5g的羧甲基纤维素、1.2g的明胶,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
实施例3
S1、向100mL的蒸馏水中加入3g的羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加5.4g的环氧氯丙烷,升温至90℃搅拌反应6h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、向80mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入2g的氯丙醇基壳聚糖和8g的丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加0.24g的4-二甲氨基吡啶,在110℃搅拌反应4h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖。
S3、向250mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入5g的氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,搅拌溶解后滴加15g的N-甲基咪唑,在90℃搅拌反应36h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖。
S4、将5g的水溶性的壳聚糖溶解到200mL的蒸馏水中,然后加入0.8g的羧甲基纤维素、2g的明胶,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
对比例1
S1、向80mL的蒸馏水中加入3g的羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加4.8g的环氧氯丙烷,升温至80℃搅拌反应8h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、将5g的氯丙醇基壳聚糖加入到150mL的蒸馏水中,然后加入0.7g的羧甲基纤维素、1.4g的明胶,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
对比例2
S1、向80mL的蒸馏水中加入3g的羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加4.2g的环氧氯丙烷,升温至75℃搅拌反应12h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖。
S2、向120mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入2g的氯丙醇基壳聚糖和5.8g的丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加0.2g的4-二甲氨基吡啶,在100℃搅拌反应12h,反应后冷却并加入乙醇沉淀,过滤溶剂,依次用乙醇、丙酮洗涤沉淀产物,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖。
S3、将5g的氯丙基羧基壳聚糖加入到150mL的蒸馏水中,然后加入0.7g的羧甲基纤维素、1.6g的明胶,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
称取0.10g的果实涂膜加入到200mL的蒸馏水中溶胀6h,溶胀后取出沥干残余水分进行称重,测定吸水率,吸水率=(吸水后质量-吸水前质量)÷吸水前质量。
将灭菌后的琼脂培养基加入到培养皿中,冷却凝固后,用移液枪移取0.2mL的106CFU/mL的菌悬液均匀滴加到琼脂培养基表面,将半径为0.5cm的果实涂膜贴在琼脂培养基表面,放置于恒温培养箱中,37℃下培养24h,培养后测定抑菌圈的直径。
经过抑菌性能测试后,含有咪唑盐基团壳聚糖的果实涂膜具有更好的抗菌和微生物腐蚀的性能。
Claims (5)
1.一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺,其特征在于:所述合成工艺为以下步骤:
S1、向蒸馏水中加入羧甲基壳聚糖,加热搅拌溶解然后滴加环氧氯丙烷,控制羧甲基壳聚糖和环氧氯丙烷的重量比例为1:1.2-1.8,升温至75-90℃搅拌反应6-12h,反应后冷却、沉淀、过滤、洗涤,得到氯丙醇基壳聚糖;
S2、向N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入氯丙醇基壳聚糖和丁二酸酐,搅拌溶解后滴加4-二甲氨基吡啶,搅拌反应后冷却、沉淀、过滤、洗涤,得到氯丙基羧基壳聚糖;
S3、向N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中加入氯丙基羧基壳聚糖,搅拌溶解后滴加N-甲基咪唑,在60-90℃搅拌反应12-36h,反应后冷却沉淀、过滤、洗涤,得到含有羧基和咪唑盐基团的水溶性的壳聚糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺,其特征在于:所述S2中氯丙醇基壳聚糖、丁二酸酐、4-二甲氨基吡啶的重量比例为1:2.5-4:0.05-0.12。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺,其特征在于:所述S2中反应温度控制为80-110℃,反应时间控制为4-12h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水溶性的壳聚糖的合成工艺,其特征在于:所述S3中氯丙基羧基壳聚糖、N-甲基咪唑的重量比例为1:1.8-3。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述的水溶性的壳聚糖在果实涂膜中的应用,其特征在于:所述果实涂膜是将水溶性的壳聚糖溶解到蒸馏水中,然后加入羧甲基纤维素、明胶,控制水溶性的壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、明胶的重量比例为1:0.1-0.25:0.15-0.4,搅拌溶解后,将溶液流延并干燥成膜,得到果实涂膜。
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