CN111616150B - 一种包含海藻酸钠寡糖和香草硫缩病醚的农药组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种包含海藻酸钠寡糖和香草硫缩病醚的农药组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111616150B CN111616150B CN202010713860.5A CN202010713860A CN111616150B CN 111616150 B CN111616150 B CN 111616150B CN 202010713860 A CN202010713860 A CN 202010713860A CN 111616150 B CN111616150 B CN 111616150B
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- sodium alginate
- vanilla
- pesticide composition
- alginate oligosaccharide
- thioketal
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含海藻酸钠寡糖和香草硫缩病醚的农药组合物及其应用，所述农药组合物包含香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量比为1:0.01‑100。本发明通过香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖制备的复配组合物对于茄果类作物的病毒病具有优异的防治效果，病毒病的防治达到了60％以上，优异的防治效果达到75％以上，而且香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖在防治病毒病中具有协同增效的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业化学领域，具体的，本发明涉及一种包含海藻酸钠寡糖和香草硫缩病醚的农药组合物及其应用。
背景技术
香草醛衍生物已经开发很久，但是能够广泛应用于农业并且获得有益效果的产品比较少。贵州大学对香草醛衍生物进行了深入研究，其申请的专利CN106467478A中公开了一种含二硫缩醛的香草醛衍生物、其制备方法和用途，所述化合物能抑制烟草花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒和马铃薯Y病毒等植物病毒。在后续的研究中，专利CN110305052A公开了放射性同位素碳-14标记的香草硫缩病醚及其制备方法和应用，采用14C标记原料，合成了一种14C-香草硫缩病醚，建立了14C标记香草硫缩病醚的微量14C标记合成方法，避免了高温高压反应，生产安全，合成成本较低。所述放射性同位素碳-14标记香草硫缩病醚能够用以溯源追踪香草硫缩病醚在环境和生命体中的迁移转化、代谢降解和吸收富集等污染演变规律研究，为全面评价香草硫缩病醚的生态环境安全提供技术支持。
海藻酸钠是细菌细胞壁及海带等褐藻类植物细胞壁的主要组成成分，因其具有很好的生物相容性、成膜性等特点，在食品医药等方面被广泛应用。其降解产物为海藻酸钠寡糖，与海藻酸钠相比具有分子量低、水溶性强、易吸收等优点，表现出多种生物活性而引起关注。海藻酸钠寡糖(AOS)是由海藻酸钠降解而成的一种寡聚物，由甘露糖醛酸、古罗糖醛酸或二者杂合段组成。海藻酸钠寡糖能够缓解肠炎沙门氏菌感染，0.2％的AOS能有效地抑制肠炎沙门氏菌的繁殖，并且能够增加幼禽盲肠中的乳酸菌数量，提高幼禽体内肠炎沙门氏菌特定抗体的含量。
瓜果类病毒病近些年在海南发病越来越频繁，有的时候会造成瓜果类的产量大幅减产，对瓜果的外形和品质也产生了极大的不良影响，为解决瓜果类的病毒病，本发明通过香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的复配解决瓜果类的病毒病的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种包含香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的农药组合物，所述香草硫缩病醚为如下式(I)化合物：
其中，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量比为1:0.01-100。
优选的，上述农药组合物中，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量比为1:0.05-50；尤其优选的，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量比为1:0.4-4.0。
优选的，上述农药组合物中，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为1-50％，优选的，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为3-40％。
优选的，上述农药组合物中，所述农药组合物还包含农用助剂和载体，所述农用助剂和载体的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为50-99％，优选的，农用助剂和载体的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为60-97％。
优选的，所述农用助剂选自溶剂、乳化剂、分散剂、润湿剂、防冻剂、防腐剂、增稠剂、粘结剂、崩解剂、消泡剂中的至少一种。
溶剂为水或有机溶剂，有机溶剂为丙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、乙酸乙酯、矿物油、芳香烃溶剂油和油酸甲酯中的至少一种。乳化剂为阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂中的至少一种。所述分散剂为萘磺酸盐、聚羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯中的至少一种。所述润湿剂为烷基硫酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚中的至少一种。所述防冻剂为乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇、丙三醇、尿素、聚乙二醇、山梨醇和氯化钠中的至少一种。所述防腐剂为甲醛、苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸和山梨酸钾中的至少一种。所述增稠剂为硅酸铝镁、黄原胶、聚乙烯醇、瓜胶、羧甲基纤维素钠、有机膨润土和白炭黑中的至少一种。所述粘结剂选自玉米淀粉、阿拉伯胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、葡萄糖和蔗糖中的至少一种。所述崩解剂为淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、羟丙基淀粉、羧丙基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、硫酸铵和尿素中的至少一种。所述消泡剂为聚醚消泡剂、有机硅消泡剂和聚醚改性聚硅氧烷消泡剂中的至少一种。所述载体为固体惰性载体，例如高岭土、硅藻土、膨润土、滑石粉、蒙脱石和轻质碳酸钙等。
优选的，上述农药组合物为农药制剂，所述农药制剂的剂型为可溶性液剂、可溶性粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散性颗粒剂、微乳剂、乳油、水乳剂、悬浮剂、悬浮乳剂、微胶囊悬浮剂或种衣剂。
本发明还提供了上述农药组合物的用途，所述农药组合物用于防治作物病害，所述作物病害为作物细菌性病害、作物真菌性病害或作物病毒病病害。
优选的，上述用途中，所述农药组合物用于防治作物病毒病。
优选的，上述用途中，所述作物为瓜果类作物。优选的，所述瓜果类作物选自南瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、丝瓜、茄子、番茄、豇豆、辣椒、豌豆、蚕豆、西葫芦、毛豆、扁豆、四季豆、秋葵、芸豆、葫芦、菜瓜或番茄中的一种。尤其优选的，所述作物为辣椒、番茄、西瓜或黄瓜中的一种。
本发明还提供了应用上述农药组合物防治作物病毒病的方法，所述方法包括将上述农药组合物以喷施、灌根、沟施、浸种的方式施药于植物的根部、茎叶、花朵或果实，施药的浓度为100-5000倍液，优选的，施药次数为一次以上，每次间隔5-10天，施药的浓度为500-3000倍液。
本发明的有益效果
本发明通过香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖制备的复配组合物对于茄果类作物的病毒病具有优异的防治效果，病毒病的防治达到了60％以上，优异的防治效果达到75％以上，而且香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖在防治病毒病中具有协同增效的效果。对于香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的复配制剂的施药方法最好是连续两次施药，两次间隔7天施药对于茄果类的病毒病防治非常优异。
具体实施方式
下面实施例中防治辣椒、番茄、西瓜、黄瓜病毒病的药剂为香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖，香草硫缩病醚为申请人制备，海藻酸钠寡糖为市场采买，复配时采用5％海藻酸钠寡糖进行配制。将香草硫缩病醚制备成6％的乳油，在施药时，应用香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖制备为相应配比的微乳剂制剂。针对辣椒、番茄、西瓜和黄瓜的病毒病的调查中，针对所有的病毒病进行调查，也就是不同的病毒导致的病毒病的症状都统计入病毒病的病情指数中，以测试药剂对病毒病的整体防治效果。
下面实施例中，对于两种药剂是否增效的判定方法如下：
根据单剂的实际防治效果计算复配制剂的理论防效：
E0＝Xa+Xb-Xa*Xb/100
其中：
Xa为单剂a的防治效果(％)。
Xb为单剂b的防治效果(％)。
E0为复配的理论防治效果(％)。
E1为复配制剂的实际防治效果，如果E1＞E0，则说明两种药剂复配后具有协同增效的效果，E1大于E0的值越大说明协同增效的效果越优异。如果E1≈E0，则说明两种药剂复配后协同相加，如果E1＜E0，则说明两种药剂复配后拮抗。
实施例1辣椒病毒病的防治
将6％香草硫缩病醚乳油稀释1200倍，得到50ppm的药剂，同样，将5％海藻酸钠寡糖水溶液分别稀释2500倍、1000倍、625倍、500倍和250倍，得到20ppm至200ppm的海藻酸钠寡糖药液，同时，根据浓度配比要求，将香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖按照表1中药液相关浓度的要求配制药液，配制过程中为保证药液的质量，可添加少量的表面活性剂和乳化剂。
辣椒病毒病的田间试验安排在海南省澄迈县老城辣椒种植基地，辣椒品种为朝天椒，试验设置三个重复，每个重复20株辣椒，施药时期为辣椒首次开花前10天左右，空白对照施用清水，清水施用量和药剂相同的施用量，施药后10天调查辣椒病毒病病情指数，然后计算病毒病的防治效果。具体施药浓度和防治效果参见如下表1。
表1香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖不同配比防治辣椒病毒病
通过表1中辣椒病毒病的防治结果能够看出，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖配比在1:0.4-4.0之间都是增效，协同增效效果比较明显。尤其是香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖配比在1:2的情况下，对辣椒病毒病的防效超过70％，提现了非常有益的防治效果。
实施例2番茄病毒病的防治
应用香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖制备微乳剂，按照香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖重量比为1:0.5、1:1、1:2、1:9配制4.5％香·海微乳剂、6％香·海微乳剂、9％香·海微乳剂和30％香·海微乳剂，然后分别用于防治番茄病毒病。使用倍数为1000倍，使用时期为番茄首次开花前10天施药，每个处理为3个重复，每个重复50株番茄。施药后10天调查番茄防治效果。具体施药情况和防治效果情况参见如下表2。
表2香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖不同配比防治番茄病毒病
| 药剂 | 施药倍数 | 防治效果(％) |
| 3％香草硫缩病醚乳油 | 1000 | 41.1 |
| 6％海藻酸钠寡糖 | 1000 | 26.7 |
| 4.5％香·海微乳剂 | 1000 | 66.0 |
| 6％香·海微乳剂 | 1000 | 64.8 |
| 9％香·海微乳剂 | 1000 | 72.5 |
| 30％香·海微乳剂 | 1000 | 69.4 |
从如表2能够看出，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量配比为1:2的情况下，也就是9％的香草硫缩病醚·海藻酸钠寡糖乳油对番茄病毒病的防治效果比较好，防治效果能够达到70％以上。在降低了香草硫缩病醚的施药浓度(30ppm)和海藻酸钠寡糖的施药浓度(60ppm)的情况下，在防治番茄病毒病方面依然能够实现比较好的防治效果，而且按照协同增效的公式进行验证，9％香·海微乳剂的实际防效比3％香草硫缩病醚乳油和6％海藻酸钠寡糖的防治效果计算的理论防效(56％)高出15％的防治效果，再一次证明了在香草硫缩病醚乳油和海藻酸钠寡糖在质量比为1:2的情况下具有比较好的协同增效效果。
实施例3应用9％香·海微乳剂防治西瓜病毒
对长方形地块的300株左右西瓜应用9％香·海微乳剂进行西瓜病毒病防治试验，施药时间为西瓜的5-6叶期施药，施药浓度分别为600倍，900倍和1200倍，施药时及施药后15天调查西瓜病毒病情况，采用五点交叉取样，每个点取样10株进行病情指数调查，然后统计9％香·海微乳剂对病毒病的防治效果。具体用药情况及防治情况如下表3。
表3 9％香·海微乳剂对西瓜病毒病的防治结果
| 药剂 | 倍数 | 防治效果(％) |
| 9％香·海微乳剂 | 600倍 | 76.8 |
| 9％香·海微乳剂 | 900倍 | 71.6 |
| 9％香·海微乳剂 | 1200倍 | 68.1 |
从表3能够看出，9％香·海微乳剂在防治西瓜病毒病时，比较优异的施药倍数为600倍，也就是活性成分香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的总浓度为150ppm的情况下，单次施药的防治效果能够超过75％。
实施例4应用9％香·海微乳剂600倍液防治黄瓜病毒病
在黄瓜首次开花前约10天首次喷施9％香·海微乳剂的600倍液，施药设置两个处理，一个处理为9％香·海微乳剂的600倍液，设置三个重复，每个重复20株黄瓜，另一个处理为清水处理10株，首次施药9％香·海微乳剂的600倍液后的第7天进行第二次施药，第二次施药依然是9％香·海微乳剂的600倍液。首次施药时和第二次喷施后7天调查黄瓜病毒病的病情指数，然后统计黄瓜病毒病的防治效果。第二次施药后的7天，9％香·海微乳剂的600倍液对黄瓜病毒病的防治效果能够达到72.5％，本试验证明，通过两次施药9％香·海微乳剂的600倍能够极大提高黄瓜病毒病的防治效果。
Claims (6)
1.一种包含香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的农药组合物，所述香草硫缩病醚为如下式(I)化合物：
其中，香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量比为1:0.4-4.0。
2.根据权利要求1所述的农药组合物，其特征在于所述香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为1-50％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的农药组合物，其特征在于所述香草硫缩病醚和海藻酸钠寡糖的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为3-40％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的农药组合物，其特征在于所述农药组合物还包含农用助剂和载体，所述农用助剂和载体的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为50-99％。
5.根据权利要求3所述的农药组合物，其特征在于所述农药组合物还包含农用助剂和载体，农用助剂和载体的重量之和占农药组合物的重量百分比为60-97％。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的农药组合物，其特征在于所述农药组合物为农药制剂，所述农药制剂的剂型为可溶性液剂、可溶性粒剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散性颗粒剂、微乳剂、乳油、水乳剂、悬浮剂、悬浮乳剂、微胶囊悬浮剂或种衣剂。
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