CN115521017A - Wastewater desalination and purification system capable of resisting coking, scaling and corrosion - Google Patents
Wastewater desalination and purification system capable of resisting coking, scaling and corrosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN115521017A CN115521017A CN202211280546.8A CN202211280546A CN115521017A CN 115521017 A CN115521017 A CN 115521017A CN 202211280546 A CN202211280546 A CN 202211280546A CN 115521017 A CN115521017 A CN 115521017A
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- wastewater
- storage tank
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- coking
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- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002289 effect on microbe Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
- C02F1/487—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields using high frequency electromagnetic fields, e.g. pulsed electromagnetic fields
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-coking, anti-scaling and anti-corrosion wastewater desalination and purification system, which comprises wastewater storage tanks for containing high-salinity wastewater, wherein inlets at the tops of the wastewater storage tanks are connected to outlets of strong magnetic water treatment devices, outlets of the wastewater storage tanks are connected to inlets at the tube sides of wastewater heat exchangers, outlets at the tube sides of the wastewater heat exchangers are connected to inlets of cooling crystallizers, and the outlets of the cooling crystallizers are arranged into two groups. According to the invention, the wastewater is treated by the strong magnetic water treatment device before entering the wastewater storage tank, the strong magnetic field in the strong magnetic water treatment device magnetizes water serving as a solvent in the high-salinity wastewater, the latent heat of vaporization of the water is reduced, and the energy required by evaporation of water vapor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil-gas fracturing propping agent processing, and particularly relates to a wastewater desalting and purifying system resistant to coking, scaling and corrosion.
Background
The high-salinity wastewater is wastewater with the total salt mass fraction of at least 1%, and mainly comes from chemical plants, petroleum and natural gas collection and processing and the like, the wastewater contains various substances (including salt, oil, organic heavy metals and radioactive substances), the generation path of the salinity wastewater is wide, the water quantity is increased year by year, and the removal of the influence of organic pollutants in the salinity wastewater on the environment is very important;
the most common treatment methods for high salinity wastewater include: multi-stage evaporation, multi-effect flash evaporation, biochemical treatment and the like. However, the high-salinity wastewater has high salt content and has strong inhibition effect on microorganisms, so that the stability of the microorganism treatment method is poor, salt crystallization can occur in the evaporation process of the high-salinity wastewater, scaling and blockage can occur in the pipeline, the pipeline is corroded, and the overall operation life of the system is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wastewater desalting and purifying system with coking, scaling and corrosion resistance, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the phenomenon of salt crystallization occurs when high-salinity wastewater is treated, scaling and blocking are caused in a pipeline, and the pipeline is corroded.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an anti coking, scale deposit and corruption waste water desalination clean system, is including the waste water storage tank that is used for holding high salt waste water, the top entry linkage of waste water storage tank is to the export of strong magnetic water treater, the exit linkage of waste water storage tank is to waste water heat exchanger's pipe side entry, waste water heat exchanger's pipe side exit linkage to the entry of cooling crystallizer, the export of cooling crystallizer sets up to two sets ofly, the side exit linkage of cooling crystallizer to centrifuge, the bottom exit linkage of cooling crystallizer is to synthesizing the wastewater disposal basin, the entry linkage of centrifuge bottom is to synthesizing the export of wastewater disposal basin, the exit linkage at centrifuge top to the waste salt storage tank.
Preferably, a second delivery pump is connected between the strong magnetic water treatment device and the wastewater storage tank, a wastewater pump is connected between the wastewater storage tank and the wastewater heat exchanger, and a first delivery pump is connected between the cooling crystallizer and the comprehensive wastewater pool.
Preferably, an outlet at the bottom of the wastewater storage tank is connected to an inlet of the cooling tower, an outlet of the cooling tower is connected to an inlet on the side of the wastewater storage tank, and a circulating pump is connected between the cooling tower and the wastewater storage tank.
Preferably, a cooling unit heat exchanger is arranged between the wastewater heat exchanger and the cooling crystallizer, a pipe side inlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger is connected to an outlet of the cooling unit, and a pipe side outlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of the cooling unit.
Preferably, a cooling coil is arranged in the waste water storage tank, an inlet of the cooling coil is connected with a liquid inlet of the cooling tower through a circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling coil is connected with a liquid outlet of the cooling tower.
Preferably, the surface of the wastewater storage tank is provided with a PH adjusting pipeline for solidifying ammonia nitrogen, and the adjusting medium used by the PH adjusting pipeline is hydrochloric acid.
Preferably, a top pipeline of the wastewater storage tank is connected to an outlet of the low-temperature steam heating booster set, the critical pressure range of the high-salt wastewater in the wastewater storage tank is 10MPa to 25MPa, and the critical temperature range of the high-salt wastewater in the wastewater storage tank is 250 ℃ to 450 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the anti-coking, anti-scaling and anti-corrosion wastewater desalination and purification system provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, before the wastewater enters the wastewater storage tank, the wastewater is treated through the strong magnetic water treatment device, the strong magnetic field in the strong magnetic water treatment device magnetizes water serving as a solvent in the high-salinity wastewater, the latent heat of vaporization of the water is reduced, and the energy required by evaporation of water vapor is reduced;
2. the invention adds the refrigerating unit and the refrigerating unit heat exchanger, controls the final cooling temperature of the high-salinity wastewater by adjusting the power of the refrigerating unit, ensures the stable cooling temperature of the high-salinity wastewater and the continuous operation of the cooling crystallization desalination process, and can introduce circulating cooling water into the wastewater storage tank through the cooling tower and the circulating pump to quickly cool the high-salinity wastewater to room temperature by arranging the cooling coil pipe in the wastewater storage tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the system of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a wastewater storage tank; 2. a waste water pump; 3. a waste water heat exchanger; 4. a cooling unit; 5. cooling the heat exchanger of the unit; 6. cooling the crystallizer; 7. a first delivery pump; 8. a centrifuge; 9. a comprehensive wastewater pool; 10. a waste salt storage tank; 11. a cooling tower; 12. a circulation pump; 13. a strong magnetic water processor; 14. a second delivery pump; 15. low-temperature steam temperature-rising booster set.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a wastewater desalination and purification system which is resistant to coking, scaling and corrosion and is shown in figure 1;
the device comprises a wastewater storage tank 1 for containing high-salinity wastewater, wherein an inlet at the top of the wastewater storage tank 1 is connected to an outlet of a strong magnetic water processor 13, an outlet of the wastewater storage tank 1 is connected to an inlet at the pipe side of a wastewater heat exchanger 3, an outlet at the pipe side of the wastewater heat exchanger 3 is connected to an inlet of a cooling crystallizer 6, two groups of outlets of the cooling crystallizer 6 are arranged, outlets at the side edges of the cooling crystallizer 6 are connected to a centrifugal machine 8, an outlet at the bottom of the cooling crystallizer 6 is connected to a comprehensive wastewater pool 9, an inlet at the bottom of the centrifugal machine 8 is connected to an outlet of the comprehensive wastewater pool 9, and an outlet at the top of the centrifugal machine 8 is connected to a waste salt storage tank 10;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, a second delivery pump 14 is connected between the strong magnetic water treatment device 13 and the wastewater storage tank 1, a wastewater pump 2 is connected between the wastewater storage tank 1 and the wastewater heat exchanger 3, and a first delivery pump 7 is connected between the cooling crystallizer 6 and the comprehensive wastewater pool 9;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, an outlet at the bottom of the wastewater storage tank 1 is connected to an inlet of a cooling tower 11, an outlet of the cooling tower 11 is connected to an inlet at the side of the wastewater storage tank 1, and a circulating pump 12 is connected between the cooling tower 11 and the wastewater storage tank 1;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, a cooling unit heat exchanger 5 is arranged between a wastewater heat exchanger 3 and a cooling crystallizer 6, a pipe side inlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger 5 is connected to an outlet of a cooling unit 4, and a pipe side outlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger 5 is connected to an inlet of the cooling unit 4;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, a cooling coil is arranged in the waste water storage tank 1, the inlet of the cooling coil is connected with the liquid inlet of the cooling tower 11 through a circulating pump 12, and the outlet of the cooling coil is connected with the liquid outlet of the cooling tower 11;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, a PH adjusting pipeline for solidifying ammonia nitrogen is arranged on the surface of the waste water storage tank 1, and an adjusting medium used by the PH adjusting pipeline is hydrochloric acid;
as an optimized scheme of the invention, a top pipeline of the waste water storage tank 1 is connected to an outlet of the low-temperature steam heating booster set 15, the critical pressure range of the high-salt waste water in the waste water storage tank 1 is 10MPa to 25MPa, and the critical temperature range of the high-salt waste water in the waste water storage tank 1 is 250 ℃ to 450 ℃.
The high-salt waste water is stored in a waste water storage tank 1, the high-salt waste water is conveyed to a waste water heat exchanger 3 and a cooling unit heat exchanger 5 through a waste water pump 2 for heat exchange and temperature reduction, the high-salt waste water is magnetized through a strong magnetic water processor 13 before entering the waste water storage tank 1, the high-frequency high-voltage alternating electric field and the strong magnetic field are utilized for magnetizing water serving as a solvent in the high-salt waste water, the latent heat of vaporization of the water is reduced, the energy required by steam evaporation is reduced, meanwhile, negative and positive ions in the high-salt waste water are separated under the action of the high-voltage electric field and the strong magnetic field under the reverse force and cannot be combined to generate crystallization, so that scaling blockage in the low-temperature evaporation process is avoided, and after the high-salt waste water passes through the strong magnetic field, the positive and negative ions in the high-salt waste water move in opposite directions, a potential difference is generated between the negative and positive poles in the magnetic field to form micro electron flow, original iron on the pipe wall can be oxidized to generate magnetic iron oxide, the magnetic iron oxide can be in a stable state to form a layer of a protective film, and the pipe wall is completely separated from the high-salt waste water, so as to play a role of corrosion inhibition.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a waste water desalination clean system of anti coking, scale deposit and corruption which characterized in that: including waste water storage tank (1) that is used for holding high salt waste water, the top entry linkage of waste water storage tank (1) is to the export of strong magnetic water treater (13), the exit linkage of waste water storage tank (1) is to the pipe side entry of waste water heat exchanger (3), the pipe side exit linkage of waste water heat exchanger (3) is to the entry of cooling crystallizer (6), the export of cooling crystallizer (6) sets up to two sets ofly, the side exit linkage of cooling crystallizer (6) is to centrifuge (8), the bottom exit linkage of cooling crystallizer (6) is to comprehensive waste water pond (9), the entry linkage of centrifuge (8) bottom is to the export of comprehensive waste water pond (9), the exit linkage at centrifuge (8) top is to waste salt storage tank (10).
2. The system for desalination and purification of anti-coking, scaling and corrosion wastewater according to claim 1, wherein: a second delivery pump (14) is connected between the strong magnetic water treatment device (13) and the wastewater storage tank (1), a wastewater pump (2) is connected between the wastewater storage tank (1) and the wastewater heat exchanger (3), and a first delivery pump (7) is connected between the cooling crystallizer (6) and the comprehensive wastewater tank (9).
3. The system for desalination and purification of wastewater resistant to coking, scaling and corrosion according to claim 1, wherein: an outlet at the bottom of the wastewater storage tank (1) is connected to an inlet of a cooling tower (11), an outlet of the cooling tower (11) is connected to an inlet on the side surface of the wastewater storage tank (1), and a circulating pump (12) is connected between the cooling tower (11) and the wastewater storage tank (1).
4. The system for desalination and purification of wastewater resistant to coking, scaling and corrosion according to claim 1, wherein: a cooling unit heat exchanger (5) is arranged between the waste water heat exchanger (3) and the cooling crystallizer (6), a pipe side inlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger (5) is connected to an outlet of the cooling unit (4), and a pipe side outlet of the cooling unit heat exchanger (5) is connected to an inlet of the cooling unit (4).
5. The system for desalination and purification of anti-coking, scaling and corrosion wastewater according to claim 3, wherein: the waste water storage tank (1) is internally provided with a cooling coil, an inlet of the cooling coil is connected with a liquid inlet of the cooling tower (11) through a circulating pump (12), and an outlet of the cooling coil is connected with a liquid outlet of the cooling tower (11).
6. The system for desalination and purification of anti-coking, scaling and corrosion wastewater according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the wastewater storage tank (1) is provided with a PH adjusting pipeline for solidifying ammonia nitrogen, and an adjusting medium used by the PH adjusting pipeline is hydrochloric acid.
7. The system for desalination and purification of anti-coking, scaling and corrosion wastewater according to claim 1, wherein: the top pipeline of the wastewater storage tank (1) is connected to an outlet of the low-temperature steam temperature-rising booster set (15), the critical pressure range of the high-salinity wastewater in the wastewater storage tank (1) is 10-25 MPa, and the critical temperature range of the high-salinity wastewater in the wastewater storage tank (1) is 250-450 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211280546.8A CN115521017A (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | Wastewater desalination and purification system capable of resisting coking, scaling and corrosion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211280546.8A CN115521017A (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | Wastewater desalination and purification system capable of resisting coking, scaling and corrosion |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115521017A true CN115521017A (en) | 2022-12-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211280546.8A Pending CN115521017A (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | Wastewater desalination and purification system capable of resisting coking, scaling and corrosion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115521017A (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102642966A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-22 | 西安交通大学 | Cooling crystallization desalting system for high-salinity waste water |
| CN109052801A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏环保产业技术研究院股份公司 | A kind of high-salt wastewater low-temperature evaporation crystallization processes and device |
| CN216377814U (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-04-26 | 南京合一环境集团有限公司 | Stain-blocking-resistant high-salinity wastewater membrane treatment device |
-
2022
- 2022-10-19 CN CN202211280546.8A patent/CN115521017A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102642966A (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2012-08-22 | 西安交通大学 | Cooling crystallization desalting system for high-salinity waste water |
| CN109052801A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2018-12-21 | 江苏环保产业技术研究院股份公司 | A kind of high-salt wastewater low-temperature evaporation crystallization processes and device |
| CN216377814U (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-04-26 | 南京合一环境集团有限公司 | Stain-blocking-resistant high-salinity wastewater membrane treatment device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘智安等著: "《工业循环冷却水处理》", vol. 1, 30 September 2017, 中国轻工业出版社, pages: 169 - 171 * |
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