CN115520335A - Floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of multiple buoys and leveling method thereof - Google Patents
Floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of multiple buoys and leveling method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115520335A CN115520335A CN202211207084.7A CN202211207084A CN115520335A CN 115520335 A CN115520335 A CN 115520335A CN 202211207084 A CN202211207084 A CN 202211207084A CN 115520335 A CN115520335 A CN 115520335A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
- B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
- B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
- B63B43/10—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving buoyancy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of a plurality of floating pontoons and a leveling method thereof, wherein the floating offshore wind power generation mechanism comprises the floating pontoons, a box-shaped beam, a wind generating set, a tower and an anchoring device; the plurality of floating drums are arranged in a polygonal vertical symmetrical mode, and the bottoms of the floating drums are fixed on the seabed through anchoring devices; the lower end of the floating barrel is horizontally provided with a box-shaped beam, and the floating barrel is fixedly connected into a floating platform through the box-shaped beam; watertight platforms are sequentially and horizontally arranged in the buoy from top to bottom at intervals, and the inside of the corresponding buoy is divided into a cavity, an active ballast tank and a fixed ballast tank through the watertight platforms; a ballast water system is arranged in the box beam, and the draft, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and stable height of the floating platform are adjusted through the ballast water system; a tower is vertically and fixedly arranged on one of the floating barrels, and a wind generating set is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the tower. The invention has small construction difficulty and low manufacturing cost and is suitable for deep sea areas of more than 50 meters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power generation, in particular to a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of multiple buoys and a leveling method thereof.
Background
In response to the global warming trend, the world countries are reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, the current energy structure still mainly uses fossil energy, and in order to achieve the goal of reducing carbon emission, the proportion of clean energy needs to be increased. Therefore, under the condition that the situation of petroleum resources is increasingly severe, all countries project eyes to oceans with huge resources. Because offshore wind power plants have excellent wind resources and have the obvious advantages of not occupying land area and the like, the economic value and the social value of the offshore wind power plants are more and more accepted, and particularly in islands far away from land, the offshore wind power plants are good energy sources.
Compared with land wind power, the environments of offshore and intertidal wind power units are completely different from land conditions, the offshore wind power technology is far more complex than the land wind power, the combined action of factors such as offshore wind resource characteristics, ocean currents, waves, tides, seabed conditions and scouring and the like must be considered in the process of designing and manufacturing the offshore wind power unit, and meanwhile, in order to bear offshore strong wind load, offshore corrosion, wave impact and the like, the offshore wind power unit is complex in basic structure, high in technical difficulty and high in construction cost.
At present, most offshore wind turbine units are located in offshore areas with water depths of 10 to 30m and distances of 10 to 15km from a shore line, and fixed foundation structures are widely adopted. However, the offshore shallow water area is usually limited by various restriction factors, such as hard restriction in military areas, navigation channels and the like, soft restriction in fisherman's interests, planning conflicts and the like, technical restriction in wind resources, seabed conditions and the like, environmental restriction in noise and the like, economic restriction and the like. From the perspective of resource amount, most of wind resources in the world are located in a sea area with water depth more than 60 meters, and the area of the deep and open sea is large, the wind resources are good, and the exploitable potential is large. However, as the depth of water increases, the fixed infrastructure is difficult to meet the requirements of offshore wind farms, and the construction cost thereof increases dramatically. In order to break through the above limitations and explore and develop richer deep-sea wind energy, the development goal of offshore wind farms is gradually shifting from shallow water areas to deep sea.
The floating type wind turbine floating structure is a deepwater structure form of an offshore wind turbine foundation structure, can overcome the defect that a seabed bottom installation foundation structure is limited by water depth, and is generally used in a deepwater sea area with the water depth of more than 50m, so that the design and development of an offshore wind turbine floating platform with good stability, a simple structure and high universality has important significance for developing new energy and adjusting an energy structure in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of multiple buoys and a leveling method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the invention relates to a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of a plurality of buoys, which has the innovation points that: comprises a buoy, a box girder, a wind generating set, a tower and an anchoring device; 3 to 6 of the buoys are arranged in a polygonal vertical symmetrical mode, and the bottom of each buoy is fixed on the seabed through an anchoring device; the lower ends of all the floating drums are horizontally provided with box-shaped beams, the floating drums are fixedly connected together through the box-shaped beams, a floating platform is further assembled, and buoyancy for supporting the floating platform is provided through the floating drums; a plurality of watertight platforms matched with the buoys are horizontally arranged in each buoy from top to bottom at intervals in sequence, and the inside of each buoy is divided into a cavity at the top layer, a plurality of active ballast tanks at the middle layer and a fixed ballast tank at the bottom layer by the watertight platforms; a ballast water system is arranged in the box beam, and the draft, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and stable height of the floating platform are adjusted through the ballast water system; one of the floating barrels is vertically and fixedly provided with a tower frame, the upper end of the tower frame is fixedly provided with a wind generating set, and then wind power generation is carried out through the wind generating set.
Preferably, each the flotation pontoon all adopts circular cross section or rectangular cross section, and when flotation pontoon quantity was four, cross box girder was chooseed for use to the box girder, and four flotation pontoons are the vertical symmetrical arrangement of quadrangle, and four ends of cross box girder respectively with correspond flotation pontoon fixed connection, and then assemble into a floating platform.
Preferably, horizontal aggregates and a square frame structure are arranged in the box girder, and vertically distributed aggregates and horizontal ring frames are arranged in the floating barrel, so that the overall structural strength of the floating platform is ensured.
Preferably, the bottom of each pontoon is also provided with a swinging plate respectively, each swinging plate is hexagonal and sharp in edge, and the movement of the floating platform is reduced through the swinging plates; each oscillation plate can be made of a layer of steel plate, or 2 layers or more than 2 layers of steel plates, and adjacent steel plates are connected by steel round pipes and are vertically welded and fixed.
Preferably, the ballast water system consists of a ballast water pump, a ballast water pipeline, a ballast tank and related valves, and the ballast water system can inject or discharge the ballast tank according to the change of the external environment so as to ensure the normal work of the wind generating set, so as to adjust the draught, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and steady height of the floating platform; and meanwhile, the deformation of the floating platform is reduced, so that overlarge bending moment and shearing force are avoided, and the vibration of the floating platform is reduced.
Preferably, the device also comprises an automatic balancing device and a liquid level measuring device; ballast water is also loaded in the active ballast tank of each buoy, and the ballast water circularly flows in the active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy through an automatic balancing device, so that the floating platform is ensured to be in a positive floating state through the automatic balancing device; a liquid level measuring device is further installed in the active ballast tank of each buoy, and the liquid level of ballast water in the corresponding active ballast tank is measured in real time through the liquid level measuring device; and loading metal, concrete or ballast water into the fixed ballast tank of each buoy to realize fixed ballast, so that the center of gravity of the floating platform is lowered, and the stability of the floating platform is ensured.
Preferably, the automatic balancing device comprises a water pump, a control device, a ballast water pipe and a water valve; the water pump is arranged in the box-shaped beam, ballast water pipes are respectively communicated with the four sides of the water pump relative to the directions of the corresponding buoys, and a water valve is arranged on each ballast water pipe; the other end of each ballast water pipe is respectively communicated with the corresponding active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy; inclination angle sensors are respectively arranged in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction on the box girder, each inclination angle sensor is electrically connected with the control device of the automatic balancing device, and the inclination angle of the floating platform is monitored through the inclination angle sensor; the automatic balancing device adjusts the water distribution in the corresponding active ballast tank according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination angle sensor, so that the wind generating set is ensured to be in an allowable inclination angle range of +/-2 degrees.
Preferably, a monitoring instrument equipment room is arranged on the top deck of one of the buoys, and a platform buoyancy state calculating system is installed in the monitoring instrument equipment room; the platform floating state calculation system is respectively connected with each liquid level measurement device, ballast water further obtains ballast water liquid level data of each buoy corresponding to the active ballast tank, the platform floating state calculation system calculates gravity moments in x, y and z directions generated by the wind generating set, the tower, the buoy, the cross box-shaped beam and the ballast water and floating moments generated by the buoy and the cross box-shaped beam, and then calculates the ballast water weight of each buoy corresponding to the active ballast tank according to pneumatic load of the fan and moment balance in x, y and z directions of the overall structure.
Preferably, an anemoscope is further mounted on the top of one of the buoys, and the wind direction and the wind speed are measured by the anemoscope; a wave meter and a current meter are further installed on the underwater part of one of the buoys close to the water surface, the wave meter is used for measuring the height of waves, and the current meter is used for measuring the speed of current; a sensor for measuring strain, acceleration and displacement is also arranged on one of the buoys, so that the change conditions of the deformation, acceleration and displacement parameters of the floating platform are obtained in real time and fed back to a floating platform structure motion monitoring system in real time; and a remote monitoring device is also arranged on one of the buoys, and whether the wind generating set works normally or not is remotely monitored through the remote monitoring device.
The invention discloses a leveling method of a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of multiple buoys, which has the innovation points that: when the inclination angle measured by the inclination angle sensor exceeds a certain safety range and is not reduced within 1 minute, starting the automatic balancing device to keep the floating platform in a positive floating state, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) The platform floating state calculation system calculates the ballast water weight of a pair of active ballast tanks which are diagonally arranged along the x-axis or y-axis direction when the floating platform reaches a positive floating state, and then a water pump is started to adjust the ballast water amount of the ballast tanks in the buoy until the inclination angle transmitted by the inclination angle sensor is within the allowable range of normal power generation of the wind generating set;
(2) When severe weather and large sea waves occur, the water pump is started to increase the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in the buoy, so that the horizontal and vertical motions of the integral structure of the floating platform are reduced, and the gravity center of the integral structure of the floating platform is reduced;
(3) When the weather turns good and the sea waves are small, the water pump is started to reduce the ballast water of each ballast tank in the buoy;
(4) When the floating platform is shaken to exceed a preset amplitude under the environmental influence of sea wind and sea waves, the automatic balancing device is started, the water ballast amount distribution in the active ballast tanks which are diagonally arranged is adjusted according to the direction opposite to the shaking direction in the period that the floating platform is inclined towards the direction of the x axis or the y axis, and the stabilizing moment generated by moving the ballast water in the ballast tanks and the disturbance moment of the waves are counteracted mutually, so that the shaking of the floating platform is reduced, and the stable and normal work of the wind generating set is ensured;
(5) When the external waves change periodically, the periodic change of the floating platform in the x-axis or y-axis direction is observed according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination sensor, the opening and closing size of the water valve is controlled, the water flow speed is changed, and the unnecessary increase of shaking caused by the periodic change of the waves is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The floating platform has high strength and good stability, has the capability of bearing larger storms, can increase the number of the buoys according to the requirement, further increases the occupied area of the floating platform, and ensures that the wind generating set can normally operate even in the larger storms;
(2) The invention adopts the structural design of a plurality of buoys, the area of the water plane is small, the wave load is small, and the buoys are arranged at intervals, so that the inertia moment of the water plane is increased, the stability of the floating platform is improved, the hydrodynamic performance is good under the action of wind waves, and the motion response is small;
(3) According to the invention, the vertical motion of the floating platform is greatly reduced by arranging the oscillation plate, so that the normal operation of the wind generating set is ensured;
(4) The floating structure divides the interior of the floating barrel into a plurality of watertight cabins, if the interior of the floating barrel is impacted by a ship or other structures near a water line surface, the floating platform can keep buoyancy even if one cabin is damaged and water enters, and the safety of the floating platform and the wind generating set is further ensured;
(5) According to the invention, the inclination angle of the floating platform can be monitored in real time by arranging the inclination angle sensor, and then the automatic balance device is matched to level the floating platform and reduce the shaking amplitude of the floating platform through the movement of ballast water, so that the limited inclination angle of the floating platform under the action of wind waves is ensured, and the floating platform is in a positive floating state, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the wind generating set;
(6) The invention has small construction difficulty and low manufacturing cost, is suitable for deep sea areas of more than 50 meters, and adopts the floating platform which has simple structure and strong practicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a floating offshore wind turbine with multiple buoys according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the float of the present invention when it is circular in cross section.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the buoy of the present invention when the buoy is rectangular in cross section.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the tilt sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic layout of the automatic balancing apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-a buoy; 2-box beams; 3-a wind generating set; 4-a tower; 5-mooring means; 6-the seabed; 7-a water pump; 8-ballast water pipes; 9-a water valve; 10-a tilt sensor; 11-oscillation plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by the following detailed description.
The invention relates to a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism consisting of a plurality of buoys 1, which comprises a buoy 1, a box-shaped beam 2, a wind generating set 3, a tower 4 and an anchoring device 5; the specific structure is shown in figures 1 to 5, 3 to 6 buoys 1 are arranged in polygonal vertical symmetry, and the bottom of each buoy 1 is fixed on a seabed 6 through an anchoring device 5; the lower ends of all the floating pontoons 1 are horizontally provided with box-shaped beams 2, the floating pontoons 1 are fixedly connected together through the box-shaped beams 2, and then a floating platform is assembled, and the floating pontoons 1 provide buoyancy for supporting the floating platform; wherein, each flotation pontoon 1 all adopts circular cross section or rectangular cross section, and when flotation pontoon 1 quantity is four, cross box girder is chooseed for use to box girder 2, and four flotation pontoons 1 are the vertical symmetrical arrangement of quadrangle, and four ends of cross box girder respectively with correspond flotation pontoon 1 fixed connection. According to the invention, horizontal aggregate and a square frame structure are arranged in the box girder 2, and vertically distributed aggregate and a horizontal annular frame are arranged in the floating barrel 1, so that the overall structural strength of the floating platform is improved.
In the invention, a plurality of watertight platforms matched with each buoy 1 are horizontally arranged in each buoy 1 from top to bottom at intervals in sequence, and the inside of each corresponding buoy 1 is divided into a cavity at the top layer, a plurality of active ballast tanks at the middle layer and a fixed ballast tank at the bottom layer through the watertight platforms; the ballast tank of the buoy 1 is internally provided with four small watertight compartments by two vertical bulkheads, and the buoy 1 can be internally provided with a watertight anchor chain compartment for storing an anchor chain; as shown in figures 1 to 5, a ballast water system is arranged in the box girder 2, and the draught, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and center-stable height of the floating platform are adjusted through the ballast water system; a tower 4 is vertically and fixedly arranged on one of the floating cylinders 1, a wind generating set 3 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the tower 4, and then wind power generation is carried out through the wind generating set 3. Compared with the common floating type fan foundation, the floating type fan foundation has the advantages that the central floating pontoon 1 and the large floating box are omitted, and the upper wind generating set 3 is arranged on one floating pontoon 1, so that the structural complexity is reduced.
The ballast water system consists of a ballast water pump, a ballast water pipeline, a ballast tank and related valves, and can inject or discharge the ballast tank according to the change of the external environment so as to ensure the normal work of the wind generating set 3 and adjust the draught, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and steady height of the floating platform; and meanwhile, the deformation of the floating platform is reduced, so that overlarge bending moment and shearing force are avoided, and the vibration of the floating platform is reduced.
According to the invention, the bottom of each buoy 1 is also respectively provided with a swinging plate 11, each swinging plate 11 is hexagonal, and thus additional mass is added during the movement of the floating platform; in addition, the edge of the oscillation plate 11 is sharp, so that viscous damping generated by vortex shedding is increased, the inherent period of the floating platform foundation is enabled to avoid the wave energy concentration range, and the motion of the floating platform is reduced; each oscillation plate 11 can be made of a layer of steel plate, or 2 or more than 2 layers of steel plates, and adjacent steel plates are connected by steel round pipes and are vertically welded and fixed.
The invention also loads ballast water in the active ballast tank of each buoy 1, and the ballast water circularly flows in the active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy 1 through the automatic balancing device, thereby ensuring that the floating platform is in a positive floating state through the automatic balancing device; as shown in fig. 1 to 5, a liquid level measuring device is further installed in the active ballast tank of each buoy 1, and the liquid level of the ballast water in the corresponding active ballast tank is measured in real time through the liquid level measuring device; and metal, concrete or ballast water is loaded in the fixed ballast tank of each buoy 1 to realize fixed ballast, so that the center of gravity of the floating platform is lowered, and the stability of the floating platform is improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the automatic balancing device includes a water pump 7, a control device, a ballast water pipe 8 and a water valve 9; the water pump 7 is arranged in the box-shaped beam 2, ballast water pipes 8 are respectively communicated with the four sides of the water pump in the direction corresponding to the buoy 1, and a water valve 9 is arranged on each ballast water pipe 8; the other end of each ballast water pipe 8 is respectively communicated with the corresponding active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy 1; inclination angle sensors 10 are respectively arranged on the box beam 2 in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, each inclination angle sensor 10 is electrically connected with a control device of the automatic balancing device, and the inclination angle of the floating platform is monitored through the inclination angle sensors 10; the automatic balancing device adjusts the water distribution in the corresponding active ballast tank according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination angle sensor 10, thereby ensuring that the wind generating set 3 is within the allowable inclination angle range of +/-2 degrees.
In the invention, a monitoring instrument equipment room is arranged on a top deck of one buoy 1, and a platform floating state computing system is arranged in the monitoring instrument equipment room; the platform floating state calculation system is respectively connected with each liquid level measurement device, ballast water enters to obtain ballast water liquid level data of each buoy 1 corresponding to an active ballast tank, the platform floating state calculation system calculates gravity moments in x, y and z directions generated by a wind generating set 3, a tower frame 4, the buoy 1, a cross box-shaped beam and ballast water and floating moments generated by the buoy 1 and the cross box-shaped beam, pneumatic load of a fan is considered, and then ballast water weight of each buoy 1 corresponding to the active ballast tank is calculated according to moment balance in x, y and z directions of an integral structure; wherein, the tilt angle sensor 10 is connected with the platform floating state computing system and transmits the tilt angle data of the floating platform to the platform floating state computing system.
According to the invention, the top of one buoy 1 is also provided with an anemoscope, so that the wind direction and the wind speed can be measured by the anemoscope; the underwater part of one of the buoys 1 close to the water surface is also provided with a wave meter and a current meter, the wave meter is used for measuring the height of waves, the current meter is used for measuring the speed of the current, the data acquisition system is used for summarizing the data measured by the wind meter, the wave meter and the current meter and feeding back the data to the environment monitoring system in real time, and the environment monitoring system can calculate the loads of wind, waves and current on the floating platform structure by means of the measured wind speed and wind direction, wave height and current speed.
According to the invention, a sensor for measuring strain, acceleration and displacement is also arranged on one buoy 1, so that the change conditions of the deformation, acceleration and displacement parameters of the floating platform are obtained in real time and fed back to a floating platform structure motion monitoring system in real time, if the deformation, displacement and acceleration parameters of the floating platform structure motion monitoring system exceed the range, an alarm is sent to remind workers, and meanwhile, the floating platform structure motion monitoring system feeds back the monitored parameters to a shore-based office through a remote communication system, so that shore-based workers can make a decision quickly, and the safety of the floating platform is guaranteed.
According to the invention, a remote monitoring device is arranged on one buoy 1, whether the wind generating set 3 works normally or not is remotely monitored through the remote monitoring device, and a fault is alarmed, so that the safety and reliability of system operation and maintenance are improved, and the power generation operation is safer and more reliable.
The invention relates to a leveling method of a floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of a plurality of buoys 1, which is characterized in that when an inclination angle measured by an inclination angle sensor 10 exceeds a certain safety range, in order to prevent a floating platform from being in a situation of overlarge inclination angle for a long time and the inclination angle is not reduced within 1 minute, an automatic balancing device is started to keep the floating platform in a positive floating state, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) The platform floating state calculation system calculates the ballast water weight of a pair of active ballast tanks which are diagonally arranged along the x-axis or y-axis direction when the floating platform reaches a positive floating state, and then starts a water pump 7 to adjust the ballast water amount of the ballast tank in the buoy 1 until the inclination angle transmitted by the inclination angle sensor 10 is within the allowable range of normal power generation of the wind generating set 3;
(2) When severe weather and large sea waves occur, the water pump 7 is started to increase the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in the buoy 1, so that the horizontal and vertical motions of the integral structure of the floating platform are reduced, and the gravity center of the integral structure of the floating platform is reduced;
(3) When the weather turns good and the sea waves are small, the water pump 7 is started to reduce the ballast water of each ballast tank in the buoy 1;
(4) When the floating platform is shaken to exceed a preset amplitude under the environmental influence of sea wind and sea waves, the automatic balancing device is started, the water ballast amount distribution in the active ballast tanks which are diagonally arranged is adjusted according to the direction opposite to the shaking direction in the period that the floating platform is inclined towards the direction of the x axis or the y axis, and the stabilizing moment generated by moving the ballast water in the ballast tanks and the disturbance moment of the waves are mutually counteracted, so that the shaking of the floating platform is reduced, and the stable and normal work of the wind generating set 3 is ensured;
(5) When the external waves change periodically, the periodic change of the floating platform in the x-axis or y-axis direction is observed according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination sensor, the opening and closing size of the water valve 9 is controlled, the water flow speed is changed, and the unnecessary increase of the swinging caused by the periodic change of the waves is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The floating platform has high strength and good stability, has the capability of bearing larger stormy waves, can increase the number of the buoys 1 according to the requirement, further increases the occupied area of the floating platform, and ensures that the wind generating set 3 can normally operate even in larger stormy waves;
(2) The invention adopts the structural design of a plurality of buoys 1, the area of the water plane is small, the wave load is small, and the buoys 1 are arranged at intervals, so that the inertia moment of the water plane is increased, the stability of the floating platform is improved, the hydrodynamic performance is good under the action of wind waves, and the motion response is small;
(3) According to the invention, the vertical motion of the floating platform is greatly reduced by arranging the oscillation plate 11, so that the normal operation of the wind generating set 3 is ensured;
(4) The invention divides the inside of the buoy 1 into a plurality of watertight cabins, if the inside of the buoy is impacted by ships or other structures near the water line surface, the floating platform can keep buoyancy even if one cabin is damaged and water enters, and the safety of the floating platform and the wind generating set 3 is further ensured;
(5) According to the invention, the inclination angle of the floating platform can be monitored in real time by arranging the inclination angle sensor 10, and then the automatic balance device is matched, so that the floating platform is leveled and the shaking amplitude of the floating platform is reduced by moving ballast water, and further, the limited inclination angle of the floating platform under the action of wind waves is ensured, so that the floating platform is in a positive floating state, and the normal operation of the wind generating set 3 is ensured;
(6) The invention has small construction difficulty and low manufacturing cost, is suitable for deep sea areas with the depth of more than 50 meters, and adopts the floating platform with simple structure and strong practicability.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall into the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention as claimed are all described in the technical claims.
Claims (10)
1. A floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of a plurality of buoys is characterized in that: comprises a buoy, a box girder, a wind generating set, a tower and an anchoring device; 3 to 6 of the buoys are arranged in a polygonal vertical symmetrical mode, and the bottom of each buoy is fixed on the seabed through an anchoring device; the lower ends of all the floating drums are horizontally provided with box-shaped beams, the floating drums are fixedly connected together through the box-shaped beams to further assemble a floating platform, and the floating drums provide buoyancy for supporting the floating platform; a plurality of watertight platforms matched with the buoys are horizontally arranged in each buoy from top to bottom at intervals in sequence, and the inside of each corresponding buoy is divided into a cavity at the top layer, a plurality of active ballast tanks at the middle layer and a fixed ballast tank at the bottom layer through the watertight platforms; a ballast water system is arranged in the box beam, and the draft, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and steady height of the floating platform are adjusted through the ballast water system; one of the floating barrels is vertically and fixedly provided with a tower frame, the upper end of the tower frame is fixedly provided with a wind generating set, and then wind power generation is carried out through the wind generating set.
2. The floating offshore wind turbine facility of claim 1, further comprising: each the flotation pontoon all adopts circular cross section or rectangular cross section, and when flotation pontoon quantity is four, cross box girder is chooseed for use to the box girder, and four flotation pontoons are the vertical symmetrical arrangement of quadrangle, and four ends of cross box girder respectively with correspond flotation pontoon fixed connection, and then assemble into a floating platform.
3. The floating offshore wind turbine facility of claim 1, further comprising: horizontal aggregate and a square frame structure are arranged in the box girder, and vertically distributed aggregate and a horizontal annular frame are arranged in the floating barrel, so that the integral structural strength of the floating platform is ensured.
4. The floating offshore wind turbine facility comprised of multiple pontoons of claim 1, wherein: the bottom of each floating barrel is also provided with a swinging plate, each swinging plate is hexagonal, the edge of each swinging plate is sharp, and the movement of the floating platform is reduced through the swinging plates; each oscillation plate can be made of a layer of steel plate, or 2 layers or more than 2 layers of steel plates, and adjacent steel plates are connected by steel round pipes and are vertically welded and fixed.
5. The floating offshore wind turbine facility comprised of multiple pontoons of claim 1, wherein: the ballast water system consists of a ballast water pump, a ballast water pipeline, a ballast tank and related valves, and can inject or discharge the ballast tank according to the change of external environment so as to ensure the normal work of the wind generating set, thereby adjusting the draft, the longitudinal and transverse stability and the safe and steady height of the floating platform; and meanwhile, the deformation of the floating platform is reduced, so that overlarge bending moment and shearing force are avoided, and the vibration of the floating platform is reduced.
6. The floating offshore wind turbine facility comprised of multiple pontoons of claim 2, wherein: the automatic balancing device and the liquid level measuring device are also included; ballast water is also loaded in the active ballast tank of each buoy, and the ballast water circularly flows in the active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy through an automatic balancing device, so that the floating platform is ensured to be in a positive floating state through the automatic balancing device; a liquid level measuring device is further installed in the active ballast tank of each buoy, and the liquid level of ballast water in the corresponding active ballast tank is measured in real time through the liquid level measuring device; and loading metal, concrete or ballast water into the fixed ballast tank of each buoy to realize fixed ballast, so that the center of gravity of the floating platform is lowered, and the stability of the floating platform is ensured.
7. The floating offshore wind turbine facility of claim 6, further comprising: the automatic balancing device comprises a water pump, a control device, a ballast water pipe and a water valve; the water pump is arranged in the box-shaped beam, ballast water pipes are respectively communicated with the four sides of the water pump relative to the directions of the corresponding buoys, and a water valve is arranged on each ballast water pipe; the other end of each ballast water pipe is respectively communicated with the corresponding active ballast tank of the corresponding buoy; inclination angle sensors are respectively arranged in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction on the box girder, each inclination angle sensor is electrically connected with the control device of the automatic balancing device, and the inclination angle of the floating platform is monitored through the inclination angle sensor; the automatic balancing device adjusts the water distribution in the corresponding active ballast tank according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination angle sensor, so that the wind generating set is ensured to be within an allowable inclination angle range of +/-2 degrees.
8. The floating offshore wind turbine facility comprised of multiple pontoons of claim 7, wherein: a monitoring instrument equipment room is arranged on a top deck of one of the buoys, and a platform floating state computing system is installed in the monitoring instrument equipment room; the platform floating state calculation system is respectively connected with each liquid level measurement device, ballast water further obtains ballast water liquid level data of each buoy corresponding to an active ballast tank, the platform floating state calculation system calculates gravity moments in x, y and z directions generated by the wind generating set, the tower, the buoy, the cross box-shaped beam and the ballast water and floating moments generated by the buoy and the cross box-shaped beam, and then calculates the ballast water weight of each buoy corresponding to the active ballast tank according to pneumatic load of the fan and moment balance in x, y and z directions of the integral structure.
9. The floating offshore wind turbine facility of claim 8, wherein: an anemoscope is further mounted at the top of one of the buoys, and the wind direction and the wind speed are measured by the anemoscope; a wave meter and a current meter are further installed on the underwater part of one of the buoys close to the water surface, the wave meter is used for measuring the height of waves, and the current meter is used for measuring the speed of current; a sensor for measuring strain, acceleration and displacement is also arranged on one of the buoys, so that the change conditions of the deformation, acceleration and displacement parameters of the floating platform are obtained in real time and fed back to a floating platform structure motion monitoring system in real time; and a remote monitoring device is also arranged on one of the buoys, and whether the wind generating set works normally or not is remotely monitored through the remote monitoring device.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: when the inclination angle measured by the inclination angle sensor exceeds a certain safety range and is not reduced within 1 minute, starting the automatic balancing device to keep the floating platform in a positive floating state, and the specific process comprises the following steps:
(1) The platform floating state calculation system calculates the ballast water weight of a pair of active ballast tanks diagonally arranged along the x-axis or y-axis direction when the floating platform reaches a positive floating state, and then starts a water pump to adjust the ballast water amount of the ballast tank in the buoy until the inclination angle transmitted by the inclination angle sensor is within the allowable range of normal power generation of the wind generating set;
(2) When severe weather and large sea waves occur, the water pump is started to increase the ballast water amount of each ballast tank in the buoy, so that the horizontal and vertical motions of the integral structure of the floating platform are reduced, and the gravity center of the integral structure of the floating platform is reduced;
(3) When the weather turns good and the sea waves are small, the water pump is started to reduce the ballast water of each ballast tank in the buoy;
(4) When the floating platform is shaken to exceed a preset amplitude under the environmental influence of sea wind and sea waves, the automatic balancing device is started, the distribution of ballast water in an active ballast tank which is diagonally arranged is adjusted according to the direction opposite to the shaking in the period that the floating platform is inclined towards the direction of the x axis or the y axis, and the stabilizing moment generated by moving the ballast water in the ballast tank and the disturbing moment of the waves are mutually offset, so that the shaking of the floating platform is reduced, and the stable and normal work of the wind generating set is ensured;
(5) When the external waves change periodically, the periodic change of the floating platform in the x-axis or y-axis direction is observed according to the inclination angle data transmitted by the inclination sensor, the opening and closing size of the water valve is controlled, the water flow speed is changed, and the unnecessary increase of shaking caused by the periodic change of the waves is avoided.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211207084.7A CN115520335A (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of multiple buoys and leveling method thereof |
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| CN202211207084.7A CN115520335A (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Floating offshore wind power generation mechanism composed of multiple buoys and leveling method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115853716A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-03-28 | 大连理工大学 | Offshore floating type power generation device integrated with motion suppression system |
| CN116853426A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-10 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | High-stability deep sea buoy platform and swing control method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-09-30 CN CN202211207084.7A patent/CN115520335A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115853716A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-03-28 | 大连理工大学 | Offshore floating type power generation device integrated with motion suppression system |
| CN116853426A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-10 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | High-stability deep sea buoy platform and swing control method thereof |
| CN116853426B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-12-08 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | High-stability deep sea buoy platform and swing control method thereof |
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