CN115519229B - Preparation method of hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
- B23K20/026—Thermo-compression bonding with diffusion of soldering material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material, which comprises the following steps: s1: pretreating the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy and the carbon steel to obtain pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel; s2: superposing the Cr foil, the Ni foil and the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal in sequence to form a middle welding layer; s3: and (3) contacting the chromium foil surface of the welding intermediate layer with the pretreated hard alloy welding surface, contacting the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal of the welding intermediate layer with carbon steel for assembling, after the assembling is finished, carrying out vacuum diffusion welding on the workpiece, and after the welding is finished, obtaining the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material. In the application, the middle welding layer adopts a three-layer structure of the Cr foil, the Ni foil and the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal, the formation of a brittle eta phase of a welding part can be reduced due to the existence of the chromium foil, and crystal grains at the welding part can be refined by the generated chromium carbide, so that the effect of improving the strength of the welding part can be achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wear-resistant composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Background
The hard alloy has a series of excellent performances such as high hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of metal processing, mining and the like, but the hard alloy has high brittleness and is not suitable for easily-worn parts with high impact force.
The surface wear-resistant composite material is prepared by compounding the hard alloy and carbon steel with good toughness, high strength and low price by a composite preparation technology, and the obtained composite material has high hardness, high wear resistance, high strength and good toughness.
At present, the hard alloy material and the carbon steel material are compounded mainly by adopting a welding technology, but the physical and chemical differences of the hard alloy material and the carbon steel material are large, so that the welding part is not light enough, and the main reasons are as follows: 1) The coefficient of thermal expansion of cemented carbide is only as common as that of carbon steel, resulting in the weld-to-weldAfter the end, the shrinkage degree of the hard alloy and the carbon steel is inconsistent in the cooling process, a large amount of thermal residual stress is accumulated at the joint, and the connecting member is easy to crack and desolder in the use process. 2) During the direct welding of hard paper alloy and carbon steel, the melting of hard alloy and the mutual diffusion of elements at the interface can form a eta phase (Fe) containing massive brittleness 3 W 3 C，Co 3 W 3 C, or (Fe, co) 3 W 3 C, etc.) resulting in a carbon-poor layer on the cemented carbide side, resulting in a deterioration in the performance of the weld.
In order to solve the above welding problem, there is a method of electroplating a buffer metal layer on the surface to be welded of the hard paper alloy, for example, in the patent publication No. CN 102380605A, "a method for preparing a hard alloy/high-chromium alloy based wear-resistant composite material", nickel plating and iron plating are mainly performed on the end surface to be connected of the hard alloy, a plating layer is introduced, which can promote wetting and solid solution strengthen the weld zone, and the residual plating layer and the brazing filler metal layer can buffer the welding residual stress, so that the obtained welded joint has excellent mechanical properties; however, the electroplating process is complicated and it is difficult to use large-sized materials. The other method is to adopt the technology of electroplating and ceramic phase gel (for example, the patent publication number is CN 110616451A), and the nano ceramic gel plays a role of buffering, so that the bonding strength of the interface is improved; however, the method adopts the electroplating and gel process, the process is relatively complex, and the electroplating process is easy to be unstable after the nanoparticles are added.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further improve the strength of the welding part of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material, the application provides a preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
The preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material comprises the following steps:
s1: pretreating the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy and the carbon steel to obtain pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel;
s2: superposing the Cr foil, the Ni foil and the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal in sequence to form a middle welding layer;
s3: and (3) assembling the chromium foil surface of the welding interlayer in contact with the pretreated hard alloy welding surface, assembling the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal of the welding interlayer in contact with carbon steel, performing vacuum diffusion welding on the workpiece after the assembly is finished, and obtaining the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material after the welding is finished.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, contact with chromium foil in the one side that is close to carbide in this application, mainly because: 1) The Cr foil has high affinity with the hard alloy surface and can be well spread on the hard alloy surface; 2) Chromium can form a solid solution phase with both cobalt and nickel because the cobalt is in solid solution and diffuses to cause WC to migrate, which then acts as Cr to form Cr 3 C 2 After Fe diffuses from the matrix, WC is mainly combined with Cr, so that a massive brittle eta phase is not easy to form, and a Fe-Co phase is mainly formed at a welding interface, thereby being beneficial to improving the strength of a welding part; cr is also generated during the welding process 3 C 2 Form Cr 3 C 2 The method can play a role in refining crystal grains on the contact surface, avoid crystal grain growth caused by temperature rise, and improve the strength of the contact interface.
The reason that the Ni has a better intermiscibility effect with Cr, co and Cu is mainly that a layer of Ni foil layer is added in the middle, and the addition of Ni in the middle can promote the better AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal of the Cr foil to act, improve the bonding capacity of an interface and further realize the effect of diffusion welding; and the Ni-Cr compound generated after cooling has a body-centered cubic structure, has better toughness and can buffer the residual stress generated by a contact interface.
The AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is adopted on the contact surface of the carbon steel, and the surface spreadability and the wettability of the silver-based brazing filler metal on the carbon steel are good, and the bonding property of the silver-based brazing filler metal and a Ni foil layer is strong, so that the molding and the strength of a welding interface can be improved.
Preferably, in step S1, the pretreatment process specifically includes the following steps: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy and the carbon steel by sand paper and diamond step by step, then cleaning by water, then cleaning by acetone, and finally cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through further treating the face of weld and carry out the preliminary treatment, can get rid of the impurity of treating the face of weld, guarantee the cleanliness and the roughness of treating the face of weld to reaction that can be better is diffused and is welded, improves the bonding strength at interface.
Preferably, the cemented carbide is a tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide, and more preferably, YG20 or YG8.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tungsten-cobalt hard alloy has relatively good wear resistance and stronger weldability with carbon steel.
Preferably, the thickness of the Cr foil is less than 0.04mm, the thickness of the Ni foil is less than 0.05mm, and the thickness of the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is 0.08-0.1mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the Cr foil and the Ni foil in the application have higher melting points and are not too thick, otherwise, the diffusion speed is too slow during welding, and the welding effect is influenced.
Preferably, in step S3, the vacuum welding specifically includes the following steps: heating the assembled workpiece to a pretreatment temperature at a set heating rate, carrying out preheating treatment, and then continuing heating to a welding temperature for welding; and then cooling to the temperature of the third section, applying a load to the workpiece by adopting a hydraulic pressure head in the vacuum brazing furnace, further performing diffusion welding, then cooling to the temperature of the fourth section along with the furnace, preserving heat, gradually releasing pressure in the heat preservation process until the load is 0, and finally cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace.
Preferably, the set heating rate is 8 to 12 ℃/min, the preheating temperature is 250 to 350 ℃, and the preheating time is 1.5 to 2.5h; the temperature rising rate is 14 to 20 ℃/min, the welding temperature is 1150 to 1200 ℃, and the welding time is 5 to 8min; the temperature reduction rate is 5 to 7 ℃/min, the third-stage temperature is 850 to 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 to 30min; the load strength is 8 to 15MPa; the temperature of the fourth section is 250 to 350 ℃, and the pressure relief rate is 0.05 to 0.15MPa/min.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, among the welding process in this application, preheat at first, preheat, just can reduce the shrinkage stress of treating the face of weld, prevent the production of crackle, preheat the effect that the process also can activate the welded intermediate level moreover. Heating to a welding temperature, wherein the holding time at the welding temperature is not very long, mainly in order to enable a welding intermediate layer and a surface to be welded to be in solid solution, and then performing diffusion welding under the condition of load to enable components and interface components of the welding intermediate layer to be subjected to diffusion action, so that the welding intermediate layer is formed; the load pressure is mainly used for generating plastic deformation on the welding interface part, activating atoms in an interface area and eliminating interface holes, but the load pressure needs to be proper, the welding part generates larger welding residual stress due to overlarge load pressure, and the interface contact is not tight due to undersize load pressure. After diffusion welding, after the temperature is reduced to a lower temperature, gradual and slow pressure relief is carried out in the heat preservation process, and the pressure relief mode can avoid abnormal growth of welding interface grains caused by rapid pressure relief at a high temperature and can also avoid increase of interface residual stress caused by rapid pressure relief.
Preferably, the obtained hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material is further subjected to aging and cryogenic cycle treatment.
Preferably, the cycle number of the aging and deep cooling cyclic treatment is 2 to 3; the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, heating the composite material to 600-700 ℃ for aging treatment, then quickly placing the composite material in an environment below 80 ℃ below zero for cryogenic treatment, and circulating according to the steps.
The aging heat preservation time is 20 to 30min, and the deep cooling treatment time is 10 to 20min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material is further subjected to cryogenic treatment and aging treatment in the application, so that the residual stress of the welding position can be further released, and the phenomenon that the welding position cracks or cracks in the using process is avoided.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. in the application, the middle welding layer has a structure of adopting three layers of Cr foil, ni foil and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal, the formation of brittle eta phase of the welding part can be reduced due to the existence of the chromium foil, and the generated chromium carbide can refine crystal grains at the welding part, so that the effect of improving the strength of the welding part can be achieved; the Ni foil adopted by the middle layer can play a role in promoting the combination of the Cr foil and the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal, and the generated Ni-Cr phase can buffer the residual stress of an interface.
2. The welding process conditions are further designed, and the vacuum welding process parameters are designed according to the welding conditions, so that the residual stress of the welding position can be reduced, and the strength of the welding position can be improved.
3. The aging and deep cooling cyclic treatment process is further carried out on the prepared composite material, residual stress of the welding position can be fully released when the aging and deep cooling cyclic treatment process is adopted, and the effect of grain refining can be achieved, so that the strength of the welding position is improved, and cracks of the material are avoided when the material is used.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy (YG 20) and the carbon steel (Q255) by using sand paper and diamond step by step, then cleaning by using water, then cleaning by using acetone, and finally cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
S2: cutting Cr foil (0.03 mm), ni foil (0.04 mm) and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal (0.08 mm) into a size slightly larger than a surface to be welded, and then overlapping to obtain a welded middle layer;
s3: assembling according to a structure that a welded middle layer Cr foil is contacted with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated hard alloy and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is contacted with a to-be-welded surface of pretreated carbon steel, placing an assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preheating for 2 hours; then heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and welding for 6min; then cooling to 900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, applying a load of 10 MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, preserving heat for 20min at the temperature, and performing vacuum welding; then cooling to 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out pressure relief at the speed of 0.1MPa/min under the heat preservation condition until the load is 0; and finally, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that an AgCu foil-like brazing material was used as it is without using a Cr foil (0.03 mm) or a Ni foil (0.04 mm).
Comparative example 2
In substantial agreement with example 1, except that, instead of using a Cr foil, a Ni foil in contact with the surface to be welded of cemented carbide and an AgCu foil-like brazing filler metal were used as they were.
Comparative example 3
In substantial agreement with example 1, except that, instead of using the Ni foil, the Cr foil was used in contact with the surface to be welded of the cemented carbide, and the AgCu foil-like brazing filler metal was used as it is.
Example 2
The method is basically consistent with the embodiment 1, and has the difference that the vacuum welding process is different, and specifically comprises the following steps: assembling according to a structure that a welded middle layer Cr foil is contacted with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated hard alloy and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is contacted with a to-be-welded surface of pretreated carbon steel, placing an assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preheating for 2 hours; heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, applying a load of 10 MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum diffusion welding for 20min; then cooling the mixture to 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out pressure relief at the speed of 0.1MPa/min under the condition of heat preservation until the load is 0; and finally, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Example 3
The method is basically consistent with the embodiment 1, and has the difference that the vacuum welding process is different, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment for 2 hours; then heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and welding for 6min; and then cooling to 900 ℃ at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, applying a load of 10 MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, performing vacuum diffusion welding for 20min, continuing to preserve heat after the completion, releasing pressure at the speed of 0.1MPa/min until the load is 0, and finally cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Example 4
The method is basically consistent with the embodiment 1, and has the difference that the vacuum welding process is different, and specifically comprises the following steps: placing the assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 300 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preheating for 2 hours; then heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and welding for 6min; then cooling to 900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 6 ℃/min, applying a load of 10 MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, preserving heat for 20min at the temperature, and performing vacuum welding; then cooling to 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and directly and quickly releasing pressure until the load is 0 under the heat preservation condition; and finally, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
And (3) shear strength test: a DNS200 type micro-control electronic universal test press and a special clamp are adopted, a diffusion welding sample is assembled on the special clamp, the shear strength of a diffusion welding head is tested on the universal test machine, and the loading speed is 1mm/min.
And (3) testing hardness: firstly, grinding a welding sample into two surfaces with high parallelism and certain smoothness by using water sand paper, and continuously grinding, polishing and corroding the surface with hardness to be measured according to the requirements of a metallographic sample; and then, performing microhardness measurement on different positions of the welding seam diffusion layer by adopting an HVS-1000A Vickers microhardness instrument.
The abrasion resistant composite materials of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to shear strength and hardness tests, and the results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from the data in table 1:
in example 1, the strength of the welded part was significantly reduced by using the AgCu foil-like brazing filler metal directly as compared with comparative example 1, which is probably due to a significant reduction in the welding strength caused by a large amount of large bulk brittle eta phase generated during welding and a large residual stress.
Compared with the comparative example 2, the comparative example 2 does not adopt the Cr foil, which is improved compared with the comparative example 1 in terms of data, but the performance is obviously reduced compared with the example 1, probably because the existence of the Cr element can greatly reduce eta phase and also has the effect of refining grains, and the existence of Ni-Cr compound which forms with the Ni foil can buffer residual stress, so that the welding performance in the comparative example 2 is obviously reduced.
Example 1 compared with comparative example 3, in which no Ni foil was used, was also significantly degraded in performance from data, which may be due to poor bonding and solid solution effects of Cr foil to AgCu foil-like brazing filler metal, resulting in poor overall diffusion welding performance, and also due to no Ni — Cr compound buffering residual stress, thus degrading welding performance in comparative example 3.
In example 1, the vacuum diffusion welding was performed at 1150 ℃ as compared with example 2, and the welding performance was also somewhat deteriorated in terms of performance, because at this temperature, co in cemented carbide, fe in carbon steel, and the diffusion welding speed of the welding intermediate layer were relatively high, so that large brittle η phases were inevitably generated, and the residual stress was relatively large, thereby deteriorating the welding performance.
Example 1 compared to example 3, the pressure let-down was carried out at a third stage temperature; the performance was also lowered as compared with example 1, probably because the pressure relief at this temperature extended the time of vacuum diffusion welding to make the diffusion depth larger, so that a certain amount of WC acted with Fe to form a large bulk brittle η phase, and the simultaneous pressure relief and diffusion welding at this time resulted in unstable welding interface, thereby resulting in a decrease in the welding strength.
Example 1 compared to example 4, in example 4, direct pressure relief was used, and there was a slight decrease in performance, probably because direct pressure relief was not favorable for releasing residual stress, and thus the weld strength was reduced.
Example 5
S1: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy (YG 8) and the carbon steel (Q255) by using sand paper and diamond step by step, then cleaning by using water, then cleaning by using acetone, and finally cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
S2: cutting Cr foil (0.03 mm), ni foil (0.04 mm) and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal (0.1 mm) into a size slightly larger than a surface to be welded, and then overlapping to obtain a welded middle layer;
s3: assembling according to a structure that a welded middle layer Cr foil is in contact with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated hard alloy, and an AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is in contact with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated carbon steel, placing an assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 250 ℃ at a heating rate of 8 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment for 2.5 hours; then heating to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 18 ℃/min, and welding for 5min; then, cooling to 950 ℃ at a cooling rate of 7 ℃/min, applying a load of 8MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, preserving heat for 25min at the temperature, and performing vacuum welding; then cooling to 350 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out pressure relief at the speed of 0.15MPa/min under the heat preservation condition until the load is 0; and finally, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Example 6
S1: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy (YG 8) and the carbon steel (Q275) by using sand paper and diamond step by step, then cleaning by using water, then cleaning by using acetone, and finally cleaning by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
S2: cutting Cr foil (0.03 mm), ni foil (0.04 mm) and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal (0.1 mm) into a size slightly larger than a surface to be welded, and then overlapping to obtain a welded middle layer;
s3: assembling according to a structure that a welded middle layer Cr foil is in contact with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated hard alloy and an AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is in contact with a to-be-welded surface of a pretreated carbon steel, placing an assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min, and preheating for 1.5 hours; heating to 1180 ℃ at a heating rate of 14 ℃/min, and welding for 7min; then, cooling to 850 ℃ at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min, applying a load of 13MPa to the workpiece by using a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, preserving heat for 15min at the temperature, and performing vacuum diffusion welding; then cooling to 250 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out pressure relief at the speed of 0.15MPa/min under the heat preservation condition until the load is 0; and finally, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
Example 7
S1: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy (YG 20) and the carbon steel (Q275) step by using sand paper and diamond, cleaning with water, cleaning with acetone, and finally cleaning with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
S2: cutting Cr foil (0.03 mm), ni foil (0.04 mm) and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal (0.1 mm) into a size slightly larger than a surface to be welded, and then overlapping to obtain a welded middle layer;
s3: assembling according to a structure that a welded middle layer Cr foil is in contact with a surface to be welded of the pretreated hard alloy and AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is in contact with a surface to be welded of the pretreated carbon steel, placing the assembled workpiece in a vacuum brazing furnace, vacuumizing, heating to 320 ℃ at a heating rate of 11 ℃/min, and carrying out preheating treatment for 2 hours; then heating to 1150 ℃ at a heating rate of 16 ℃/min, and welding for 7min; then, cooling to 900 ℃ at a cooling rate of 7 ℃/min, applying 11MPa load to the workpiece by adopting a hydraulic pressure head in a vacuum brazing furnace, preserving heat for 18min at the temperature, and carrying out vacuum diffusion welding; then cooling the mixture to 300 ℃ along with the furnace, and carrying out pressure relief at the speed of 0.05MPa/min under the condition of heat preservation until the load is 0; and finally, cooling the mixture to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material.
The abrasion resistant composite materials prepared in examples 5 to 7 were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.
It can be seen from the data in table 2 that the properties of the hard alloy types, the carbon steel types and the process parameters in examples 5 to 7 have a certain degree of fluctuation, but the overall welding strength is kept in a better state.
Example 8
Preparing a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to the method in the embodiment 1, heating the prepared wear-resistant composite material to 650 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 25min, and then rapidly placing the wear-resistant composite material in a liquid nitrogen constant temperature cabinet at 100 ℃ below zero for cryogenic treatment for 15min; and then circulating for 1 time according to the steps to obtain the post-treated wear-resistant composite material.
Example 9
Preparing a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to the method in the embodiment 5, heating the prepared wear-resistant composite material to 600 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 30min, and rapidly placing the wear-resistant composite material in a liquid nitrogen constant temperature cabinet at 120 ℃ below zero for cryogenic treatment for 10min; and then circulating for 2 times according to the steps to obtain the post-treated wear-resistant composite material.
Example 10
Preparing a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to the method in the embodiment 6, heating the prepared wear-resistant composite material to 700 ℃, carrying out aging treatment for 20min, and then rapidly placing the wear-resistant composite material in a liquid nitrogen thermostat at the temperature of-100 ℃ for cryogenic treatment for 20min; and then circulating for 2 times according to the steps to obtain the post-treated wear-resistant composite material.
The weld performance tests were performed on the post-treated abrasion resistant composite materials prepared in examples 8 to 10, and the results are shown in table 3.
As can be seen from the data in table 3, the aging and cryogenic cycle treatment further performed on the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material can further improve the bonding strength of the welding portion, which is probably because the aging and cryogenic cycle treatment can further release the residual stress of the welding portion, thereby further enhancing the welding strength.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pretreating the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy and the carbon steel, and removing impurities on the surfaces to be welded to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and the carbon steel;
s2: superposing the Cr foil, the Ni foil and the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal in sequence to form a middle welding layer;
s3: contacting the Cr foil surface of the welding intermediate layer with the pretreated hard alloy welding surface, contacting the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal of the welding intermediate layer with carbon steel for assembling, performing vacuum diffusion welding on a workpiece after the assembling is finished, and obtaining a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material after the welding is finished;
the obtained hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material needs to be further subjected to aging and deep cooling cyclic treatment; the cycle number of the aging and deep cooling cyclic treatment is 2 to 3; the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, heating the composite material to 600-700 ℃ for aging treatment, then quickly placing the composite material in an environment below 80 ℃ below zero for cryogenic treatment, and circulating according to the steps.
2. The preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the pretreatment process comprises the following specific steps: and (3) polishing the surfaces to be welded of the hard alloy and the carbon steel by sand paper and diamond step by step, then cleaning by water, then cleaning by acetone, and finally cleaning by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the pretreated hard alloy and carbon steel.
3. The method for preparing the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein the hard alloy is tungsten-cobalt hard alloy.
4. The method for preparing a hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 3, wherein the hard alloy is YG20 or YG8.
5. The method for preparing the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the thickness of the Cr foil is less than 0.04mm, the thickness of the Ni foil is less than 0.05mm, and the thickness of the AgCu foil-shaped brazing filler metal is 0.08-0.1mm.
6. The method for preparing the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the vacuum welding specifically comprises the following steps: heating the assembled workpiece to a pretreatment temperature at a set heating rate, carrying out preheating treatment, and then continuing heating to a welding temperature for welding; and then cooling to the temperature of the third section, applying a load to the workpiece by adopting a hydraulic pressure head in the vacuum brazing furnace, further performing diffusion welding, then cooling to the temperature of the fourth section along with the furnace, preserving heat, gradually releasing pressure in the heat preservation process until the load is 0, and finally cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace.
7. The preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 6, wherein the temperature rise speed is set to be 8-12 ℃/min, the preheating temperature is set to be 250-350 ℃, and the preheating time is set to be 1.5-2.5 h; the temperature rising rate is 14 to 20 ℃/min, the welding temperature is 1150 to 1200 ℃, and the welding time is 5 to 8min; the cooling rate is 5 to 7 ℃/min, the temperature of the third section is 850 to 950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 15 to 30min; the load strength is 8 to 15MPa; the temperature of the fourth section is 250 to 350 ℃, and the pressure relief rate is 0.05 to 0.15MPa/min.
8. The preparation method of the hard alloy and carbon steel wear-resistant composite material according to claim 1, wherein the aging holding time is 20 to 30min, and the deep cooling treatment time is 10 to 20min.
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