CN115505798A - Spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115505798A CN115505798A CN202210714692.0A CN202210714692A CN115505798A CN 115505798 A CN115505798 A CN 115505798A CN 202210714692 A CN202210714692 A CN 202210714692A CN 115505798 A CN115505798 A CN 115505798A
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of particle reinforced metal matrix composite materials, and discloses a spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof. Aiming at the problems of difficult introduction of ceramic particle reinforced phase and poor interface bonding in the aluminum alloy melt by a casting method, the invention selects an interval from the temperature of an aluminum alloy matrix melt to low temperature, and quickly introduces spherical or spheroidal copper particle powder with a certain size into the aluminum alloy slurry in the molten state through one or more stirring rods, and quickly casts the aluminum alloy slurry after the uniform dispersion in a short time. The high melting point metal particles and the low melting point aluminum alloy matrix are well wetted, and form an AlCu intermetallic compound reinforcing phase with a spherical shape and a good bonding interface in situ through a diffusion mechanism. The aluminum-copper intermetallic compound prepared by the method has controllable shape, higher hardness, uniform dispersion and tight interface metallurgical bonding, thereby obviously improving the comprehensive mechanical property, the heat resistance, the wear resistance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of particle reinforced metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The particle reinforced aluminum-based alloy is a material which has strong vitality and emerges according to the requirements of modern scientific development, integrates the characteristics of low expansion, high heat conduction, high strength and light weight, and becomes a high-new material to be promoted in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronic communication and the like. The particle reinforced aluminum alloy has wide selection range of base alloy, low cost, easy preparation and processing by the traditional process method, mass production and large-scale production, and the prepared material shows good dimensional stability and isotropy, thereby being attracted by attention. The particle reinforced aluminum alloy is used for manufacturing parts such as cylinder bodies, cylinder covers and the like of vehicle engines, and can further improve the strength, the wear resistance, the heat resistance and the fatigue resistance of engine parts while keeping the advantages of alloy materials. For example, siCp/Al composite pistons are used in engines for motorcycles and small automobiles. In part of developed countries, the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is applied to ventral fins of military fighters, and compared with the traditional aluminum alloy material, the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the advantages that the rigidity of the material is improved by 50%, and the service life of the material is prolonged from 400h to 6000h. In addition, the particle reinforced aluminum alloy prepared by the methods of precision casting, squeeze casting, powder metallurgy and the like can reduce the deformation caused by stress release, improve the dimensional stability of the material, and simultaneously has high specific strength, damping and resonant frequency and reduce vibration amplification.
The main methods for preparing the particle reinforced aluminum-based alloy at present comprise powder metallurgy, a casting method and the like, wherein the casting method has the advantages of simple process flow and low cost, is suitable for batch production, and is an important research and development direction in the field. The reinforcing particles used by the existing particle reinforced aluminum-based alloy are mainly ceramic particles (Al 2O3, siC and the like), but the wettability of the ceramic particles and the metal melt is poor, and the interface bonding is poor. How to introduce the aluminum alloy into the melt well and disperse and homogenize the aluminum alloy is a technical difficulty in preparing the particle reinforced aluminum-based alloy by a casting method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing preparation method of the spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the background technology in the using process, the invention provides the spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method thereof, which have the advantages of uniform dispersion of the reinforced particles in the matrix and good combination of the reinforced particles and the matrix and solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that: the structure is characterized in that:
(1) The metal matrix is aluminum alloy, and the solidification temperature range is 20-50 ℃;
(2) The metal matrix contains 1% -30% of particle reinforcement, the diameter size of the particle reinforcement is between 1 and 100 mu m, and the particle reinforcement is uniformly dispersed in the matrix; based on the diffusion time, the particle reinforcement is distributed with all or part of AlCu intermetallic compound layer, cuAl solid solution and pure copper structure in a gradient way from the particle interface to the core.
(3) The particle reinforcement is self-generated in situ.
Preferably, the metal substrate is an AlSi-based a356 cast aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the particulate reinforcement is spherical in morphology.
Preferably, the gradient AlCu intermetallic compound layer refers to Al2Cu close to the aluminum side, al4Cu9 close to the copper side, and AlCu three-layer intermetallic compound between the two.
The method for preparing the spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
step one, taking aluminum alloy as a base material, heating the base material in a smelting furnace to 680-720 ℃, and preserving heat for melting;
step two, after the aluminum alloy base material is melted, a deslagging agent is scattered into the melting furnace, and the temperature is kept for 10-30 minutes;
skimming scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix material melt, and adding an aluminum alloy modifier for modification treatment, wherein the modifier is AlTiB or AlSr alloy;
step four, cooling the aluminum alloy matrix material melt subjected to modification treatment to 580-630 ℃, and then preserving heat to form semi-solid slurry;
fifthly, a spiral stirring rod is used for extending deeply below the liquid level formed in the fourth step, the distance between the rod bottom and the bottom surface of the melt is controlled to be 5-10cm, the stirring speed is 200-800rpm, and the liquid level forms vortex;
step six, copper powder is added in batches near the liquid level vortex for 2-5 minutes, stirring is continued for 2-5 minutes after the copper powder is added, and standing is carried out to form slurry;
and step seven, taking the slurry formed in the step six out to prepare a blank for subsequent semi-solid casting forming or quickly heating the slurry to 640-680 ℃ and then quickly pouring and forming.
Preferably, in the fifth step, in order to accelerate the rapid and sufficient mixing of the copper powder and the aluminum liquid, a plurality of spiral rods need to be uniformly distributed and arranged on the transverse and longitudinal sections in the crucible melt space, and no or few stirring dead angles are left.
Preferably, in step 6, the copper powder particles are added in a spherical form and have a diameter size of between 1 and 100 μm.
Preferably, in the processes of the fourth step to the sixth step, inert protective gas is synchronously blown into the surface of the melt, so that the oxygen content on the surface of the melt is reduced, and the surface oxidation and the oxide inclusion of aluminum liquid and copper powder into the melt are reduced.
Preferably, in the processes of the sixth step to the seventh step, the adding, stirring, dispersing and standing time of the copper powder is controlled within 10 minutes;
preferably, in the processes from the step three to the step seven, the time from the addition of the alterant to the casting and forming process is within 1 hour, so that deterioration is prevented.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the copper reinforcing phase particles are made of metal materials in the adding and dispersing processes, and poor wetting or difficult phenomenon does not exist between the copper reinforcing phase particles and an aluminum alloy melt, so the upper limit of the adding proportion of the reinforcing particles is higher.
1. The method selects the interval from the temperature of the aluminum alloy matrix melt to the low temperature, and quickly introduces spherical or spheroidal copper particle powder with a certain size into the molten aluminum alloy slurry through one or more stirring rods, and quickly casts the spherical or spheroidal copper particle powder after the spherical or spheroidal copper particle powder is uniformly dispersed in a short time. The high melting point metal particles and the low melting point aluminum alloy matrix are well wetted, and form an AlCu intermetallic compound reinforcing phase with good spherical shape and bonding interface in situ through a diffusion mechanism. The aluminum-copper intermetallic compound prepared by the method has controllable shape, higher hardness, uniform dispersion and tight interface metallurgical bonding, thereby obviously improving the comprehensive mechanical property, the heat resistance, the wear resistance and the like.
2. According to the invention, copper particles with low solidification temperature are added into the aluminum alloy matrix melt, when the aluminum alloy is still in a molten liquid-solid temperature range, the dispersion speed of the copper particles in the aluminum alloy slurry is high under the conditions of multiple stirring rods and rapid stirring, and the copper particles can keep a good initial form and are not fused into the aluminum matrix due to the short residence time of the copper particles in a high-temperature region, but in-situ self-generate partial or even all AlCu metal compounds under the action of a diffusion mechanism during stirring and a later cooling process, so that the content of the AlCu metal compounds is increased, and the performance of the composite material is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a macroscopic view of a 30wt% spherical AlCu particles reinforced A356 aluminum alloy structure;
FIG. 2 is a high magnification view of a 30wt% spherical AlCu particles reinforcing A356 aluminum alloy structure;
FIG. 3 is a plot of a 30wt% spherical AlCu particles enhanced A356 aluminum alloy for spectral area scan analysis;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of hardness of 30 wt.% spherical AlCu particles reinforced A356 aluminum alloy and A356 aluminum alloy;
FIG. 5 is a macroscopic view of a 10wt% spherical AlCu particles reinforced A356 aluminum alloy structure;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of hardness of 10 wt.% spherical AlCu particles reinforced A356 aluminum alloy versus A356 aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The chemical compositions of the A356 aluminum alloy used in the examples of the present invention are shown in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1A 356 aluminum alloy chemistry (wt.%)
The first embodiment is as follows:
an in-situ synthesized A356 aluminum alloy reinforced by spherical AlCu intermetallic compound particles has 30% of AlCu particles by mass, a mean particle diameter of 30 μm, good sphericity of the particles as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and a spectrum result as shown in FIG. 3, wherein the spherical black area component is AlCu intermetallic compound. The vickers hardness results are shown in fig. 4, which are significantly improved compared to the conventional a356 aluminum alloy.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step one, taking A356 aluminum alloy as a base material, heating the base material in a smelting furnace to 720 ℃, preserving heat and melting;
step two, spreading a deslagging agent after melting, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
thirdly, skimming slag on the surface of the melt, and adding an AlTiB modifier;
step four, cooling the melt to 630 ℃ and then preserving heat;
step five, three spiral stirring rods distributed in a shape of Chinese character 'pin' are lowered and go deep into the liquid level, the distance between the bottom of each rod and the bottom of the crucible is controlled to be 5cm, and the stirring speed is 800rpm;
adding copper powder in batches near the vortex of the stirring rod, wherein the adding time is controlled within 2 minutes; after the powder is added, continuously stirring for 2 minutes, and standing to form slurry;
and step seven, directly taking out the slurry formed in the step six to prepare a blank for subsequent semi-solid casting and forming.
Example II,
An in-situ synthesized A356 aluminum alloy reinforced by spherical AlCu intermetallic particles, which differs from the first embodiment in that: the AlCu particles account for 10 percent by mass, the mean value of the particle diameters is also 30 mu m, as shown in figure 5, the particle sphericity is good, and the Vickers hardness result is shown in figure 6, and is obviously improved compared with the conventional A356 aluminum alloy.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step one, taking A356 aluminum alloy as a base material, heating the base material in a furnace to 680 ℃, preserving heat and melting;
step two, spreading a deslagging agent after melting, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes;
step three, skimming on the surface, and adding an AlSe modifier;
step four, cooling to 590 ℃, and then preserving heat;
step five, lowering the single-spiral stirring rod to deeply penetrate into the liquid level, and controlling the distance between the bottom of the rod and the bottom of the crucible to be 5cm; stirring speed 200rpm;
adding copper powder in batches near the vortex of the stirring rod, wherein the adding time is controlled within 5 minutes; after the powder is added, continuously stirring for 5 minutes, and standing to form slurry;
and step seven, quickly heating the slurry to 640-680 ℃, and then quickly pouring and forming.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that: the structure is characterized in that:
(1) The metal matrix is aluminum alloy, and the solidification temperature range is 20-50 ℃;
(2) The metal matrix contains 1-30% of particle reinforcement by volume, the diameter of the particle reinforcement is 1-100 μm, and the particle reinforcement is uniformly dispersed in the matrix; based on the diffusion time, the particle reinforcement is distributed with all or part of AlCu intermetallic compound layer, cuAl solid solution and pure copper structure in a gradient way from the particle interface to the core.
(3) The particle reinforcement is self-generated in situ by a diffusion mechanism.
2. The spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal substrate is preferably an AlSi-based a356 cast aluminum alloy.
3. The spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the particle reinforcement is spherical in shape.
4. The spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gradient AlCu intermetallic compound layer refers to Al2Cu close to the aluminum side, al4Cu9 close to the copper side and AlCu three-layer intermetallic compound between the two.
5. The method for preparing a spherical intermetallic compound particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to any of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step one, taking aluminum alloy as a base material, heating the base material in a smelting furnace to 680-720 ℃, and preserving heat for melting;
step two, after the aluminum alloy base material is melted, spreading a deslagging agent into the melting furnace, and preserving the heat for 10-30 minutes;
skimming scum on the surface of the aluminum alloy matrix material melt, and adding an aluminum alloy modifier for modification treatment, wherein the modifier is AlTiB or AlSr alloy;
step four, cooling the aluminum alloy matrix material melt subjected to modification treatment to 580-630 ℃, and then preserving heat to form semi-solid slurry;
fifthly, a spiral stirring rod is used for extending deeply below the liquid level formed in the fourth step, the distance between the rod bottom and the bottom surface of the melt is controlled to be 5-10cm, the stirring speed is 200-800rpm, and the liquid level forms vortex;
adding copper powder in batches near the liquid level vortex for 2-5 minutes, continuously and rapidly stirring for 2-5 minutes after the copper powder is added, and standing to form slurry;
and step seven, taking out the slurry formed in the step six to prepare a blank for subsequent semi-solid casting forming, or quickly heating the slurry to 640-680 ℃ and then quickly pouring and forming.
6. The method for preparing a spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein: in the fifth step, in order to accelerate the rapid and sufficient mixing between the copper powder and the aluminum liquid, a plurality of screw rods are required to be uniformly distributed and arranged on the transverse and longitudinal sections in the crucible melt space.
7. The method for preparing a spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: in step 6, the added copper powder particles are spherical and have a diameter of 1-100 μm.
8. The spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and the production method thereof according to claim 5, characterized in that: and in the process from the fourth step to the sixth step, inert protective gas is synchronously blown into the surface of the melt, so that the oxygen content on the surface of the melt is reduced, and the surface oxidation of aluminum liquid and copper powder and the entrainment of oxides into the melt are reduced.
9. The method for preparing a spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the processes of the sixth step to the seventh step, the adding, stirring, dispersing and standing time of the copper powder is controlled within 10 minutes.
10. The method for preparing a spherical intermetallic compound particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 5, wherein: in the processes from the third step to the seventh step, the time from the addition of the alterant to the pouring and forming process is within 1 hour, so that deterioration is prevented.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5449421A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1995-09-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Aluminum alloy composite material with intermetallic compound finely dispersed in matrix among reinforcing elements |
| US5523050A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1996-06-04 | Alcan International Limited | Method of preparing improved eutectic or hyper-eutectic alloys and composites based thereon |
| CN102400001A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-04-04 | 九江学院 | Method for preparing granule reinforced aluminum-based composite material of in-situ intermetallic compound |
| CN102912159A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Intermetallic compound ultrafine particle reinforced metal-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108856725A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-23 | 东南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of dispersion-strengthened Cu in situ composites |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5449421A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1995-09-12 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Aluminum alloy composite material with intermetallic compound finely dispersed in matrix among reinforcing elements |
| US5523050A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1996-06-04 | Alcan International Limited | Method of preparing improved eutectic or hyper-eutectic alloys and composites based thereon |
| CN102400001A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-04-04 | 九江学院 | Method for preparing granule reinforced aluminum-based composite material of in-situ intermetallic compound |
| CN102912159A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-02-06 | 北京航空航天大学 | Intermetallic compound ultrafine particle reinforced metal-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108856725A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-23 | 东南大学 | A kind of preparation method and application of dispersion-strengthened Cu in situ composites |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘江等: "搅拌铸造法反应合成金属间化合物增强铝基复合材料", 《铸造》 * |
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