CN115504829B - Preparation method and preparation device of sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and preparation device of sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115504829B CN115504829B CN202211149902.2A CN202211149902A CN115504829B CN 115504829 B CN115504829 B CN 115504829B CN 202211149902 A CN202211149902 A CN 202211149902A CN 115504829 B CN115504829 B CN 115504829B
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- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers and discloses a preparation method of an ecological organic fertilizer for sugarcane tail leaves, which is characterized in that mixed animal manure, sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks, wheat stalks and mixed strains are uniformly mixed and fermented to obtain a fermented product, the fermented product and biochar prepared by carbonizing the sugarcane tail leaves are uniformly mixed to obtain the ecological organic fertilizer for sugarcane tail leaves, the used raw materials are low in cost and simple and easily available, the ecological organic fertilizer is a renewable material, the process formula is simple, the ecological organic fertilizer can effectively solidify carbon dioxide, reduce greenhouse effect, adsorb nutrient substances, adsorb trace elements, medium element components and moisture, play a role of preserving fertilizer and water, keep nutrient components in soil for a long time and effectively, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and meanwhile, the ecological organic fertilizer has a good plant growth regulation promotion effect and can remarkably improve the quality of agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation device of an ecological organic fertilizer for sugarcane tail leaves.
Background
As a large agricultural country, a large amount of chemical fertilizers are consumed each year, and as is well known, the fertilizer application can not only improve the fertility of soil, but also improve the yield of crops in unit area, along with the development of technology, the inorganic fertilizer is used more and more widely, has the advantages of quick effect after being used and easy absorption by plants, but the long-term use of the inorganic fertilizer can cause soil hardening, soil erosion and mineral loss, and meanwhile, the fertility of the inorganic fertilizer is not durable, the soil structure is seriously influenced, and the environmental pollution is caused.
The ecological organic fertilizer is a green environment-friendly fertilizer taking organic nutrition as a main component, is a novel organic fertilizer which is built to improve the agricultural production capacity and has little negative effect on the environment, and the yield and quality of crops can be obviously improved by applying the ecological organic fertilizer. The ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermentation of plant residues, animal manure and the like can effectively improve soil, promote microbial activity, accelerate organic matter degradation, promote plant growth and improve quality of agricultural products, and has the characteristics of high nutrient content and quick release.
The sugarcane byproduct resources in the sugarcane production area are rich, but how to utilize the byproducts brings great social attention. The quantity of the sugarcane tail leaves in the byproducts of the sugarcane is huge, the quantity of the sugarcane tail leaves accounts for about 10% of the total weight of the sugarcane, the nutritional ingredients of the sugarcane tail leaves are relatively comprehensive, the protein and sugar content are relatively high, meanwhile, the sugarcane tail leaves are rich in various vitamins and other nutritional substances, the sugarcane tail leaves have great application potential and development prospect in the fertilizer field, at present, the organic matters are mainly used as waste materials for burning in situ, the fertility of soil of the sugarcane field can be improved to a certain extent, the wild grass pests are burned, but serious waste of resources is caused, serious environmental pollution is caused, and the huge quantity of the sugarcane tail leaves are utilized, so that the recycling development and sustainable development of the resources are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method and a preparation device of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer, and the obtained sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer has extremely low damage to soil, can effectively improve the soil structure, has lasting fertility, increases the yield of crops, is beneficial to resource utilization and reduces environmental pollution.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a preparation method of an ecological organic fertilizer for sugarcane tail leaves, which comprises the following steps:
crushing sugarcane tail leaves into 10-30 meshes of sugarcane tail leaf powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail leaf powder, deionized water and an active agent, filtering, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 6-10 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the temperature rising rate is 1-4 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 500-600 ℃ and the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and has the concentration of 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 60-80 ℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain biochar;
step two, uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying at a drying temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain mixed animal manure;
Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn straws, rice straws and wheat straws into small sections with the length of 2-5cm, uniformly mixing the small sections with mixed animal manure and mixed strains, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, and introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 60-85% in the fermentation process, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-75 ℃ and the fermentation time is 60-90 days to obtain a primary fermentation material;
step four, carrying out aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 60-85% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 2-4 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and carrying out turning fermentation for 40-60 days at the fermentation temperature of 35-50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material;
and fifthly, dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, pulverizing the fermented material after air-drying, stirring and mixing the fermented material with biochar, and granulating the mixed mixture by using a granulator to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the mass ratio of the fermentation material to the biochar is 100:8-15.
Preferably, in the first step, the mass ratio of the sugarcane tail powder to the deionized water to the active agent is 100:600-1500:15-50, wherein the active agent is potassium hydroxide.
Preferably, in the second step, the mass ratio of the animal manure to the deodorant is 100:5-12; wherein the animal manure is the combination of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the pig manure to the sheep manure is 10:2-7:1-4; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid, and the mass ratio of the citric acid to the humic acid is 10:3-8.
Preferably, the mixed strain in the third step is a combined strain of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter, wherein the mass ratio of trichoderma harzianum to photosynthetic bacteria to bacillus subtilis to azotobacter is 10:1-5:12-25:2-7.
Preferably, in the third step, the mass ratio of the mixed small section, the animal manure and the mixed strain is 100:35-65:0.5-2; the content of deionized water is 60-75% of the total mass of the mixture of the mixed small section and the mixed animal manure and the mixed strain.
Preferably, in the third step, the mass percentage of the water in the sugarcane tail, the corn stalk, the rice stalk and the wheat stalk is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Preferably, the moisture mass percentage of the fermented material after air drying in the fifth step is less than or equal to 20%.
The invention also provides an ecological organic fertilizer fermentation device which can be used for preparing the primary fermentation material and the fermentation material by fermentation in the method.
The ecological organic fertilizer fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank, wherein a stirring assembly and a grinding assembly are arranged in the middle of an inner cavity of the fermentation tank, the stirring assembly comprises a fixed stirring auger and a movable stirring auger, a driving mechanism is arranged above the stirring assembly, and the grinding assembly is positioned between the fixed stirring auger and the movable stirring auger; the driving mechanism comprises a coaxial anisotropic driving assembly, a coaxial limiting assembly and a driving motor, the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly is driven to move upwards through linear driving, the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger are driven to rotate in opposite directions, and the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger respectively drive materials on the upper side and the lower side of the fermentation tank to gather towards the position of the crushing assembly; the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger are driven to coaxially rotate by driving the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly to move downwards through linear driving, and the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger are driven to rotate in the same direction and drive the crushed material at the bottom of the fermentation tank to upwards turn.
Preferably, the turning assembly further comprises an arc-shaped gathering blade, the arc-shaped gathering blade is located at the bottom of the fixed turning auger and rotates synchronously with the fixed turning auger, and the bottom of the arc-shaped gathering blade is close to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank.
Preferably, a driving shaft is arranged in the middle of the fixed turning auger, extends above the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly, is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, the driving motor is fixedly connected with the top of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank, a fixed cylinder is arranged outside the fixed turning auger, and a fixing rod is arranged outside the fixed cylinder and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fermentation tank.
Preferably, the inside a driving cylinder that is provided with of movable auger that turns, the drive shaft runs through the driving cylinder middle part, the movable auger outside that turns is provided with a movable section of thick bamboo, movable section of thick bamboo top is connected with sharp drive, fixed auger top outside that turns is fixedly provided with the go-between, the go-between with movable section of thick bamboo sliding connection, the go-between with pass through the locating part cooperation between the movable section of thick bamboo, the go-between middle part is provided with turns over the material export.
Preferably, the grinding assembly comprises two groups of grinding convex plates, the two groups of grinding convex plates are respectively positioned at the top of the fixed turning auger and the bottom of the movable turning auger, the middle part of each grinding convex plate is hollowed and provided with a perforation, and the two grinding convex plates are both arranged in an upward protruding manner.
Preferably, the coaxial anisotropic drive assembly comprises a fixed bevel gear, a movable bevel gear and a transmission bevel gear, wherein the fixed bevel gear is connected with the driving shaft, a connecting cylinder is arranged in the middle of the movable bevel gear, the movable bevel gear is connected with the connecting cylinder, the bottom of the connecting cylinder is matched with the side wall of the driving cylinder through a limiting piece, and the transmission bevel gear is arranged between the fixed bevel gear and the movable bevel gear and can be meshed with the fixed bevel gear and the movable bevel gear simultaneously.
Preferably, the top of the fixed bevel gear is connected with the driving motor body through a bearing, the bottom of the movable bevel gear is connected with a driving plate through a bearing, the driving plate is arranged above the movable turning auger by the movable barrel, the driving plate is fixedly connected with the outer side of the driving barrel, the driving bevel gear is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the movable barrel through a rotating shaft, the movable barrel is positioned at the bottom of the driving plate and is provided with a turning inlet, and the turning inlet is right opposite to the uppermost side of the movable turning auger.
Preferably, the coaxial spacing subassembly includes spacing tooth and spacing groove, spacing tooth is located the drive shaft lateral wall, the spacing groove set up in connecting cylinder top inboard, the spacing groove is located spacing tooth top, the connecting cylinder homoenergetic be relative the drive shaft with the actuating cylinder reciprocates, the connecting cylinder with be provided with the spring between the actuating cylinder, the actuating cylinder is located connecting cylinder inner chamber bottom is provided with the bulge loop, the connecting cylinder middle part is provided with the spacing loop, the spring both ends respectively with bulge loop and spacing loop are connected.
Preferably, the fermentation cylinder outside is provided with the support frame, fermentation cylinder outside one side is provided with the oxygen pump, the oxygen pump is fixed in support frame one side, the oxygen pump pass through the connecting pipe with fermentation cylinder middle part intercommunication, fermentation cylinder outside opposite side is provided with the water injection pump, the water injection pump pass through the connecting pipe with fermentation cylinder middle part intercommunication, fermentation cylinder top one side is provided with the feed inlet, feed inlet one side is provided with the exhaust purification pump, the exhaust purification pump pass through the blast pipe with feed inlet one side is connected, the feed inlet top is provided with the closing cap.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the sugarcane tail leaves are used as raw materials and are mixed with the active agent, carbonization treatment is carried out in an argon atmosphere, the obtained biochar has the characteristics of loose and porous structure, and is large in specific surface area, strong in adsorption chelating capacity, capable of effectively solidifying carbon dioxide, reducing greenhouse effect, and capable of adsorbing nutrient substances, trace elements, medium element components and moisture, so that the effects of preserving fertilizer, preserving water, keeping nutrient components in soil for a long time and effectively are achieved, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.
2. According to the invention, animal manure and a deodorant are mixed, dried in a roller type high-temperature furnace, and various alkaline odor substances are neutralized by utilizing the acidity of hydroxyl groups (-COOH) of organic acid, so that the odor of the animal manure is eliminated, the use of the animal manure is facilitated, the obtained mixed animal manure contains rich organic matters, higher N, P, K and trace elements, is a good fertilizer raw material, contains a large amount of proteins, and after multiple times of fermentation, harmful bacteria, ova and urokinase in the manure are effectively killed, the side effect of the manure as an organic fertilizer is avoided, and the mixed animal manure has a good plant growth regulation promoting effect; the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks also contain organic matters, N, P, K and microelements required by plant growth, and the organic matters are used as raw materials of the ecological organic fertilizer, so that the materials are reused, the principle of sustainable development is met, the production cost is reduced, the wastes are returned to the land, the soil fertility is recovered, and the environment is protected.
3. The ecological organic fertilizer is low in cost, simple and easy to obtain, is a renewable material, is simple in process formula, can effectively improve the number and activity of strains in the fermentation process by fermenting plant straws, sugarcane tail leaves, animal manure and the like and adding the strains for a plurality of times in the fermentation process, is more complete in fermentation, can form humus after being applied to soil to be biodegraded by adding a proper amount of microbial inoculum, and can effectively improve the soil structure, prevent soil hardening, promote microbial activity, accelerate organic matter degradation, promote plant growth and improve the quality of agricultural products.
4. The ecological organic fertilizer fermentation device used in the invention can fully stir and mix the raw materials of the ecological organic fertilizer during fermentation, accelerates the fermentation of the raw materials of the ecological organic fertilizer, and facilitates the raw materials of the ecological organic fertilizer in the fermentation tank to be better turned from the bottom of the fermentation tank to the upper part of the fermentation tank.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method for preparing sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall internal cross-sectional perspective structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic overall perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional perspective structure of the flip assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 at a partially enlarged scale;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional assembled perspective of the flip assembly of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an assembled perspective view of a part of the coaxial anisotropic drive assembly and the coaxial spacing assembly according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a fermentation tank; 11. a support frame; 12. an oxygen pump; 13. a water injection pump; 14. a temperature sensor; 2. turning over the assembly; 21. fixing and turning the auger; 211. a drive shaft; 212. a fixed cylinder; 213. a fixed rod; 214. a connecting ring; 215. a material turning outlet; 22. a movable turning auger; 221. a drive cylinder; 222. a movable cylinder; 223. a driving plate; 224. a convex ring; 225. a material turning inlet; 23. the blades are folded in an arc shape; 3. a grinding assembly; 31. grinding the convex disc; 32. perforating; 4. a coaxial anisotropic drive assembly; 41. fixing a bevel gear; 42. a movable bevel gear; 43. a drive bevel gear; 44. a connecting cylinder; 45. a spring; 46. a limiting ring; 5. a coaxial limit assembly; 51. limit teeth; 52. a limit groove; 6. an exhaust gas purifying pump; 61. and a feed inlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 10-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:600:15, filtering, drying at 60 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 1 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 500 ℃, the carbonizing time is 4 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the concentration is 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:5, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:2:1; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:3, the drying temperature is 150 ℃, and the drying time is 6 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(3) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 2cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:35:0.5, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:1:12:2, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, introducing air with an oxygen volume concentration of 60% in the fermentation process, and fermenting for 90 days at a temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material, wherein the content of the added deionized water is 60% of the total mass of the mixture of the mixed small segments, the mixed animal manure and the mixed strains;
(4) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 60% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 2 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 35 ℃ and the fermentation time to 40 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(5) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar with the mass ratio of 100:8, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 15-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:800:25, filtering, drying at 65 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 540 ℃, the carbonizing time is 2.5 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and has the concentration of 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 65 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:7, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:4:2; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:4, the drying temperature is 160 ℃, and the drying time is 3 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(3) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 3cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:42:0.9, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:2:16:3, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, introducing air with an oxygen volume concentration of 65%, and fermenting at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 65 days, wherein the content of the added deionized water is 64% of the total mass of the mixture of the mixed small segments, the mixed animal manure and the mixed strains, and obtaining a primary fermentation material;
(4) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 65% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 3 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 40 ℃ and the fermentation time to 45 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(5) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar with the mass ratio of 100:10, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 20-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:1050:35, filtering, drying at 70 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 550 ℃, the carbonizing time is 3 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the concentration is 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 70 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:9, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:5:3; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:6, the drying temperature is 180 ℃, and the drying time is 4 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(3) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 4cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:50:1.2, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:3:20:5, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, introducing air with an oxygen volume concentration of 72%, wherein the fermentation temperature is 65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72 days, so as to obtain a primary fermentation material;
(4) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 72% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 3 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature of 40 ℃ for 50 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(5) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar with the mass ratio of 100:12, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Example 4
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 25-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:1300:45, filtering, drying at 75 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 580 ℃, the carbonizing time is 3.5 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and has the concentration of 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 75 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:10, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:6:3; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:7, the drying temperature is 190 ℃, and the drying time is 5 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(3) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 4cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:58:1.6, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:4:22:6, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, introducing air with an oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, wherein the fermentation temperature is 70 ℃, and the fermentation time is 80 days, so as to obtain a primary fermentation material;
(4) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 3 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 45 ℃ and the fermentation time to 55 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(5) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar with the mass ratio of 100:14, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Example 5
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 30-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:1500:50, filtering, drying at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 600 ℃, the carbonizing time is 2 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, the concentration is 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:12, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:7:4; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:8, the drying temperature is 200 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(3) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 5cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:65:2, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:5:25:7, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, wherein the content of the added deionized water is 75% of the total mass of the mixture of the mixed small segments, the mixed animal manure and the mixed strains, and the oxygen volume concentration is 85%, the fermentation temperature is 75 ℃, and the fermentation time is 60 days, so as to obtain a primary fermentation material;
(4) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 85% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 4 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 50 ℃ and the fermentation time to 40 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(5) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar in a mass ratio of 100:15, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant in a mass ratio of 100:10, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying, wherein the animal manure is a composition of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure in a mass ratio of 10:6:3; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid with the mass ratio of 10:7, the drying temperature is 190 ℃, and the drying time is 5 hours, so that mixed animal manure is obtained;
(2) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 4cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small segments, animal manure and mixed strains in a mass ratio of 100:58:1.6, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter in a mass ratio of 10:4:22:6, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, introducing air with an oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, wherein the fermentation temperature is 70 ℃, and the fermentation time is 80 days, so as to obtain a primary fermentation material;
(3) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 3 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 45 ℃ and the fermentation time to 55 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of the moisture of the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, and after air-drying, crushing, and granulating by using a granulator to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing sugarcane tail into 25-mesh sugarcane tail powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail powder, deionized water and active agent potassium hydroxide according to the mass ratio of 100:1300:45, filtering, drying at 75 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the carbonizing temperature is 580 ℃, the carbonizing time is 3.5 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid which is hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and has the concentration of 4mol/L, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 75 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain biochar;
(2) Cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks and wheat stalks into mixed small sections with the length of 4cm, wherein the mass percentage of water in the sugarcane tail leaves, the corn stalks, the rice stalks and the wheat stalks is less than or equal to 10 percent; uniformly mixing mixed small sections and mixed strains with the mass ratio of 100:1.6, wherein the mixed strains are mixed strains of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter with the mass ratio of 10:4:22:6, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, and introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, wherein the fermentation temperature is 70 ℃, and the fermentation time is 80 days to obtain a primary fermentation material, wherein the content of the added deionized water is 72% of the total mass of the mixed small sections, the mixed animal manure and the mixed strains;
(3) Performing aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 80% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 3 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and turning the fermentation temperature to 45 ℃ and the fermentation time to 55 days to obtain a fermentation material;
(4) Dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, wherein the mass percentage of water in the air-dried fermented material is less than or equal to 20%, pulverizing after air-drying, mixing with biochar under stirring, mixing the fermented material and the biochar with the mass ratio of 100:14, and granulating by using a granulator after mixing to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer.
The trichoderma harzianum is purchased from the chemical industry company of Ji-nan Xin Fuyuan; photosynthetic bacteria were purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan chemical Co., ltd; bacillus subtilis was purchased from Pinus koraiensis cloud biotechnology Co., ltd; azotobacter was purchased from Shandong Xinzhuoyuan chemical Co.
The samples prepared in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 were designated as sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4, sample 5, sample 6 and sample 7, respectively, and were subjected to the corresponding tests, and the test methods and test results are shown below:
(1) The coliform group in the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer is measured, and the national standard of the test is GB/T19524.1-2004; determining the death rate of ascarid eggs in the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer, wherein the national standard of the test is GB/T19524.2-2004; the test results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
According to the test results of Table 1, the coliform bacteria and ascarid eggs in the ecological organic fertilizer are effectively removed in the fermentation process, the ecological organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting animal manure, sugarcane tail leaves, corn stalks, rice stalks, wheat stalks and the like as raw materials, and mixed bacteria are added for multiple times in the fermentation process, so that the number and activity of the bacteria in the fermentation process are effectively improved, and the fermentation is more complete.
(2) The long-term multipoint test shows that 50-120kg of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer can be applied per mu, the soil structure can be effectively improved, the fertility is durable, the yield of crops is increased, and the specific field test control effect is as follows: 1) Rice: under the condition that other fertilizing amount is unchanged, 50kg of sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the paddy field to serve as base fertilizer; 2) Chinese cabbage: the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 35%, and 120kg of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as a base fertilizer; 3) Apple: under the condition that other fertilizing amounts are unchanged, 80 kg of sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer; specific yield improvement cases are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
From the recorded results in Table 2, 1) rice: under the condition that other fertilizing amounts are unchanged, 50kg of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer corresponding to 1-5 samples is applied to each mu of the paddy field to serve as base fertilizer, and the yield is improved by 10.2% -12.3%; 2) Chinese cabbage: the fertilizer consumption is reduced by 35%, 120kg of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer corresponding to 1-5 samples is applied per mu to serve as a base fertilizer, and the yield is improved by 13.1% -16.5%; 3) Apple: under the condition that other fertilizing amounts are unchanged, 80 kg of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer corresponding to 1-5 samples is applied per mu to serve as base fertilizer, and the yield is improved by 8.3% -12.6%; when the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer corresponding to the sample 6 and the sample 7 is used as the base fertilizer, the yield of crops is improved, but compared with the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer corresponding to the sample 1-5, the yield is improved by a lower amount.
Example 6
This example provides an ecological organic fertilizer fermentation apparatus which can be used in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-2 to prepare a primary fermentation material and a fermentation material by fermentation.
Referring to fig. 2-7, the ecological organic fertilizer fermentation device comprises a fermentation tank 1, wherein a turning assembly 2 and a grinding assembly 3 are arranged in the middle of an inner cavity of the fermentation tank 1, the turning assembly 2 comprises a fixed turning auger 21 and a movable turning auger 22, a driving mechanism is arranged above the turning assembly 2, and the grinding assembly 3 is positioned between the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22; the driving mechanism comprises a coaxial anisotropic driving assembly 4, a coaxial limiting assembly 5 and a driving motor, the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly 4 is driven to move upwards through linear driving, the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 are driven to rotate in opposite directions, and the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 respectively drive materials on the upper side and the lower side of the fermentation tank 1 to gather towards the position of the grinding assembly 3; the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly 4 is driven to move downwards through linear driving, the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 are driven to coaxially rotate, the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 rotate in the same direction, and the crushed material at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 is driven to turn upwards.
When the ecological organic fertilizer stirring device is used, ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are added into a fermentation tank 1, and are driven by a coaxial anisotropic driving component 4 in a driving mechanism to move upwards under the drive of linear driving, so that a fixed stirring auger 21 and a movable stirring auger 22 in a stirring component 2 are driven by a driving motor to rotate coaxially in different directions, at the moment, the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials at the middle bottom of the fermentation tank 1 are billowed to the middle part of the fermentation tank 1 under the drive of the fixed stirring auger 21, and the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials above the fermentation tank 1 are gathered to the middle part of the fermentation tank 1 under the drive of the movable stirring auger 22; the crushing assembly 3 is positioned between the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22, namely under the middle action of the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22, solid matters in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials in the fermentation tank 1 are concentrated at the position of the crushing assembly 3, then under the action of the crushing assembly 3, the solid matters in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are crushed, after a certain period of crushing, the solid matters are crushed, the linear driving drives the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly 4 to move downwards, and under the action of the coaxial limiting assembly 5, the driving motor drives the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 to coaxially rotate in the same direction, so that the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials in the fermentation tank 1 are conveyed from the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 to the upper side of the turning assembly 2, and further the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials can be fully stirred and mixed during fermentation.
Further, the turning assembly 2 further comprises an arc-shaped folding blade 23, the arc-shaped folding blade 23 is located at the bottom of the fixed turning auger 21 and rotates synchronously with the fixed turning auger 21, the bottom of the arc-shaped folding blade 23 is close to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank 1, the arc-shaped folding blade 23 is arranged at the bottom of the fixed turning auger 21, when the fixed turning auger 21 rotates, the arc-shaped folding blade 23 follows the fixed turning auger 21 to rotate in the same direction, ecological organic fertilizer raw materials at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 are gathered towards the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and the situation that ecological organic fertilizer raw materials at the periphery of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 cannot enter the fixed turning auger 21 to finish turning or crush is avoided.
Further, the middle part of the fixed turning auger 21 is provided with a driving shaft 211, the driving shaft 211 extends above the coaxial different-direction driving assembly 4, the upper part of the driving shaft 211 is connected with an output shaft of a driving motor, the driving motor is fixedly connected with the top of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank 1, a fixed cylinder 212 is arranged on the outer side of the fixed turning auger 21, a fixed rod 213 is arranged on the outer side of the fixed cylinder 212 and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1, the driving shaft 211 is driven by the driving motor to rotate, the fixed turning auger 21 further rotates along with the driving shaft 211, then when the movable turning auger 22 and the fixed turning auger 21 are required to rotate coaxially and in different directions, the driving shaft 211 drives the movable turning auger 22 to reversely rotate through the coaxial different-direction driving assembly 4, and when the fixed turning auger 21 rotates to drive the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials to upwards turn, the fixed turning auger 21 is provided with the fixed cylinder 212, so that the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials can only upwards turn upwards through the fixed cylinder 212, and solid matters in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials can be better conveyed to the position of the grinding assembly 3.
Further, a driving cylinder 221 is disposed inside the movable turning auger 22, the driving shaft 211 penetrates through the middle of the driving cylinder 221, a movable cylinder 222 is disposed outside the movable turning auger 22, the top of the movable cylinder 222 is connected with a linear driving, a connecting ring 214 is fixedly disposed outside the upper portion of the fixed turning auger 21, the connecting ring 214 is slidably connected with the movable cylinder 222, the connecting ring 214 is matched with the movable cylinder 222 through a limiting piece, a turning outlet 215 is disposed in the middle of the connecting ring 214, the driving shaft 211 penetrates through the middle of the driving cylinder 221 through the driving cylinder 221 disposed inside the movable turning auger 22, the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 can coaxially rotate, the movable cylinder 222 disposed outside the movable turning auger 22 can vertically move relative to the movable turning auger 22 under the driving of linear driving, when the movable turning auger 22 and the fixed turning auger 21 coaxially rotate in the same direction, the movable cylinder 222 is driven to move downwards through the linear driving until the movable cylinder 222 is combined with the fixed cylinder 212 on the outer side of the fixed turning auger 21, and a coherent cylinder is formed, and deflection of the connecting ring 214 is avoided under the action of the connecting ring 214.
Further, the grinding assembly 3 includes two sets of grinding drums 31, the two sets of grinding drums 31 are respectively located at the top of the fixed turning auger 21 and the bottom of the movable turning auger 22, through holes 32 are hollowed out in the middle of the grinding drums 31, the two grinding drums 31 are respectively arranged in an upward protruding mode, and one grinding drum 31 is respectively arranged on the opposite surfaces of the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22, during the grinding process, due to the action of gravity, the grinding drums 31 on the bottom of the movable turning auger 22 are close to the grinding drums 31 on the upper side of the fixed turning auger 21, and when solid matters in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are ground, the grinding drums 31 on the bottom of the movable turning auger 22 can move up and down under the pushing of the solid matters, so that the solid matters can be ground better.
Further, the coaxial anisotropic drive assembly 4 comprises a fixed bevel gear 41, a movable bevel gear 42 and a transmission bevel gear 43, wherein the fixed bevel gear 41 is connected with the driving shaft 211, a connecting cylinder 44 is arranged in the middle of the movable bevel gear 42, the movable bevel gear 42 is connected with the connecting cylinder 44, the bottom of the connecting cylinder 44 is matched with the side wall of the driving cylinder 221 through a limiting piece, the transmission bevel gear 43 is arranged between the fixed bevel gear 41 and the movable bevel gear 42 and can be meshed with the fixed bevel gear 41 and the movable bevel gear 42 at the same time, the fixed bevel gear 41 in the coaxial anisotropic drive assembly 4 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 211, the movable bevel gear 42 is fixedly connected with the connecting cylinder 44, and when the fixed bevel gear 41 rotates, the movable bevel gear 42 is driven to reversely rotate through the transmission bevel gear 43 between the fixed bevel gear 41 and the movable bevel gear 42, namely, when the driving shaft 211 rotates, the connecting cylinder 44 reversely rotates; because the bottom of the connecting cylinder 44 is matched with the side wall of the driving cylinder 221 through the limiting piece, the connecting cylinder 44 drives the driving cylinder 221 to rotate at the moment, so that the coaxial opposite rotation of the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 is realized.
Further, the top of the fixed bevel gear 41 is connected with the driving motor body through a bearing, the bottom of the movable bevel gear 42 is connected with the driving plate 223 through a bearing, the driving plate 223 is arranged above the movable turning auger 22, the driving plate 223 is fixedly connected with the outer side of the driving plate 221, the driving bevel gear 43 is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the movable auger 222 through a rotating shaft, the movable auger 222 is provided with a turning inlet 225 at the bottom of the driving plate 223, the turning inlet 225 is right opposite to the uppermost part of the movable turning auger 22, the bottom of the movable bevel gear 42 is connected with the driving plate 223 through a bearing, the driving plate 223 is arranged above the movable auger 22, and the movable bevel gear 42 and the driving bevel gear 43 can be driven to move up and down under the driving of the linear driving of the movable auger 222, so that the engagement and the separation between the fixed bevel gear 41 and the driving bevel gear 43 are realized.
Further, the coaxial limiting assembly 5 includes a limiting tooth 51 and a limiting groove 52, the limiting tooth 51 is located on the side wall of the driving shaft 211, the limiting groove 52 is located on the inner side of the upper portion of the driving shaft 211, the limiting groove 52 is located above the limiting tooth 51, the driving shaft 211 and the driving shaft 221 can move up and down relatively to each other, a spring 45 is arranged between the driving shaft 221 and the connecting shaft 44, a convex ring 224 is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the driving shaft 221, a limiting ring 46 is arranged in the middle of the connecting shaft 44, two ends of the spring 45 are respectively connected with the convex ring 224 and the limiting ring 46, the limiting groove 52 is embedded on the limiting tooth 51 on the side wall of the driving shaft 211 when the driving shaft 44 is driven to move downwards by a straight line, so that the connecting shaft 44 and the driving shaft 211 are locked relatively, namely, when the driving shaft 211 rotates, the connecting shaft 44 rotates along with the driving shaft 211 in the same direction, the fixed auger 21 and the movable auger 22 are rotated in the same direction by the same axis, when the driving shaft 44 moves downwards, the connecting shaft 44 compresses the spring 45 downwards, namely, the connecting shaft 44 moves downwards, and the bottom of the driving shaft 31 is completely abutted against the convex ring 31 through the driving shaft 45 and the convex ring 31 when the driving shaft 45 moves downwards.
Further, a support frame 11 is arranged on the outer side of the fermentation tank 1, an oxygen pump 12 is arranged on one side of the outer part of the fermentation tank 1, the oxygen pump 12 is fixed on one side of the support frame 11, the oxygen pump 12 is communicated with the middle part of the fermentation tank 1 through a connecting pipe, a water injection pump 13 is arranged on the other side of the outer part of the fermentation tank 1, the water injection pump 13 is communicated with the middle part of the fermentation tank 1 through a connecting pipe, a feed port 61 is arranged on one side of the top of the fermentation tank 1, an exhaust purification pump 6 is arranged on one side of the feed port 61, the exhaust purification pump 6 is connected with one side of the feed port 61 through an exhaust pipe, a sealing cover is arranged above the feed port 61, ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are poured into the fermentation tank 1 from the feed port 61 through the feed port 61, then the sealing cover arranged above the feed port 61 is used for sealing the feed port 61 during fermentation in the fermentation tank 1, and then the gases such as odorous gases and carbon dioxide generated during fermentation in the fermentation tank 1 are pumped out by the exhaust purification pump 6 through the exhaust pipe for treatment; during fermentation, oxygen pump 12 on one side outside fermentation tank 1 provides oxygen to fermentation tank 1 inside through the connecting pipe, water injection pump 13 on the opposite side provides water to fermentation tank 1 inside through the connecting pipe, anaerobic fermentation and local overheated appear when avoiding fermentation tank 1 inside ecological fertilizer raw materials fermentation, wherein oxygen pump 12 and the connecting pipe on water injection pump 13 are in the inside one end of fermentation tank 1, preferably just right in the position of go-between 214 and arc folding blade 23, in the grinding treatment in-process and fermentation stirring in-process, can follow the subassembly 2 that turns to added water and oxygen and disperse each position in fermentation tank 1, in addition, during the specific application, still be provided with temperature sensor 14 in the top outside of go-between 214, monitor the temperature at fermentation tank 1 middle part in real time, be in under the too high temperature environment when avoiding fermentation tank 1 in ecological fertilizer raw materials fermentation.
Working principle: when the ecological organic fertilizer is used, ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are added into the fermentation tank 1, the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials are driven by a coaxial anisotropic driving assembly 4 in a driving mechanism to move upwards, so that a fixed flip auger 21 and a movable flip auger 22 in the flip assembly 2 are driven by a driving motor to rotate coaxially and in an opposite direction, wherein the movable drum 222 is driven by the linear driving to move upwards, at the moment, a driving plate 223 in the middle of the movable drum 222 moves upwards with a movable bevel gear 42 and a driving bevel gear 43 and moves until the driving bevel gear 43 is meshed with the fixed bevel gear 41, and when the fixed bevel gear 41 rotates, the driving bevel gear 43 is driven to rotate, and then the movable bevel gear 42 meshed with the driving bevel gear 43 is driven to rotate, and at the moment, the fixed bevel gear 41 and the movable bevel gear 42 rotate coaxially and in an opposite direction;
in the above process, since the fixed bevel gear 41 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 211, the movable bevel gear 42 is fixedly connected with the connecting cylinder 44, and when the fixed bevel gear 41 rotates, the movable bevel gear 42 is driven to reversely rotate by the transmission bevel gear 43 between the fixed bevel gear 41 and the movable bevel gear 42, that is, when the driving shaft 211 rotates, the connecting cylinder 44 reversely rotates; because the bottom of the connecting cylinder 44 is matched with the side wall of the driving cylinder 221 through the limiting piece, the connecting cylinder 44 drives the driving cylinder 221 to rotate at the moment, so that the coaxial opposite rotation of the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 is realized;
At the moment, under the drive of a fixed turning auger 21, the ecological organic fertilizer raw material at the middle part of the fermentation tank 1 is turned over, and under the drive of a movable turning auger 22, the ecological organic fertilizer raw material at the upper part of the fermentation tank 1 is gathered at the middle part of the fermentation tank 1; the opposite surfaces of the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 are respectively provided with a grinding convex disc 31, and in the process of grinding, the movable turning auger 22 brings the grinding convex disc 31 at the bottom of the movable turning auger to be close to the grinding convex disc 31 above the fixed turning auger 21 due to the action of gravity, and when grinding solid matters in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials, the grinding convex disc 31 at the bottom of the movable turning auger 22 can move up and down under the pushing of the solid matters, so that the solid matters can be ground better;
in the rotation process of the fixed turning auger 21, the arc-shaped gathering blades 23 are arranged at the bottom of the fixed turning auger 21, and the arc-shaped gathering blades 23 rotate along the same direction of the fixed turning auger 21, so that ecological organic fertilizer raw materials at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 are gathered towards the center of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and the situation that the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials at the periphery of the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 cannot enter the fixed turning auger 21 to finish turning or grinding is avoided;
When the movable turning auger 22 and the fixed turning auger 21 coaxially rotate in the same direction, namely after the fixed substances in the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials in the fermentation tank 1 are crushed, in order to improve the fermentation efficiency and quality of the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials, the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials need to be kept in a turning state in the fermentation tank 1, at the moment, the movable drum 222 is driven to move downwards through linear driving, a driving plate 223 in the middle of the movable drum 222 moves downwards with the movable bevel gear 42 and the driving bevel gear 43, the driving bevel gear 43 is separated from the fixed bevel gear 41, and meanwhile, a limiting groove 52 arranged on the upper inner side of the connecting drum 44 moves downwards along with the movable drum 222, the limiting groove 52 is embedded on a limiting tooth 51 on the side wall of the driving shaft 211, so that the connecting drum 44 and the driving shaft 211 are relatively locked, namely, when the driving shaft 211 rotates, the connecting drum 44 rotates along the same direction along with the driving shaft 211, the fixed turning auger 21 and the movable turning auger 22 are realized to rotate in the same direction by coaxial different directions, when the connecting drum 44 is driven to move downwards through linear driving, the connecting drum 44 compresses a spring 45 downwards, namely, when the connecting drum 44 moves downwards, the connecting drum 44 abuts against the convex drum 31 on the convex drum 31 through the spring 45, and the convex drum 31 at the bottom of the grinding drum 31, which is completely attached to the connecting drum 31; in this process, the movable barrel 222 merges with the fixed barrel 212 outside the fixed flip auger 21 to form a coherent barrel and is prevented from deflecting during operation by the connecting ring 214.
During the crushing treatment performed when the movable cylinder 222 is separated from the fixed cylinder 212 and the turning treatment performed when the movable cylinder 222 is combined with the fixed cylinder 212, the feed inlet 61 is blocked by a sealing cover arranged above the feed inlet 61, and then the odorous gas and the gas such as carbon dioxide generated by the internal fermentation of the fermentation tank 1 are pumped out by the exhaust purification pump 6 through an exhaust pipe for treatment; during fermentation, the oxygen pump 12 on one side outside the fermentation tank 1 supplies oxygen to the inside of the fermentation tank 1 through the connecting pipe, the water injection pump 13 on the other side supplies water to the inside of the fermentation tank 1 through the connecting pipe, anaerobic fermentation and local overheating are avoided when the ecological organic fertilizer raw materials inside the fermentation tank 1 are fermented, one end of the connecting pipe on the oxygen pump 12 and the water injection pump 13 in the fermentation tank 1 is preferably opposite to the positions of the connecting ring 214 and the arc-shaped folding blades 23, and therefore, the added water and oxygen can be dispersed to each position in the fermentation tank 1 along with the stirring assembly 2 in the crushing treatment process and the fermentation stirring process.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
crushing sugarcane tail leaves into 10-30 meshes of sugarcane tail leaf powder, uniformly mixing the sugarcane tail leaf powder, deionized water and an active agent, filtering, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 6-10 hours to obtain a mixture, carbonizing the mixture in an argon atmosphere, wherein the temperature rising rate is 1-4 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 500-600 ℃ and the carbonization time is 2-4 hours, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid after the carbonization treatment is finished, filtering, washing with deionized water to be neutral, and drying at 60-80 ℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain biochar;
step two, uniformly mixing animal manure and a deodorant, and then adding the mixture into a roller type high-temperature furnace for drying at a drying temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain mixed animal manure;
in the second step, the mass ratio of the animal manure to the deodorant is 100:5-12; wherein the animal manure is the combination of chicken manure, pig manure and sheep manure, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the pig manure to the sheep manure is 10:2-7:1-4; the deodorant is a mixture of citric acid and humic acid, and the mass ratio of the citric acid to the humic acid is 10:3-8;
cutting sugarcane tail leaves, corn straws, rice straws and wheat straws into 2-5cm mixed small sections, uniformly mixing the mixed small sections with mixed animal manure and mixed strains, stacking, adding deionized water, sealing, performing aerobic fermentation, and introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 60-85% in the fermentation process, wherein the fermentation temperature is 55-75 ℃ and the fermentation time is 60-90 days to obtain a primary fermentation material;
In the third step, the mass ratio of the mixed small section to the animal manure to the mixed strain is 100:35-65:0.5-2; the content of deionized water is 60-75% of the total mass of the mixture of the mixed small section and the mixed animal manure and the mixed strain;
step four, carrying out aerobic turning fermentation on the primary fermentation material, introducing air with the oxygen volume concentration of 60-85% in the fermentation process, turning the fermentation once every 2-4 days, adding mixed strains in the turning process, uniformly mixing, sealing, and carrying out turning fermentation for 40-60 days at the fermentation temperature of 35-50 ℃ to obtain a fermentation material;
dispersing and air-drying the fermented material, pulverizing the fermented material after air-drying, stirring and mixing the fermented material with biochar, and granulating the mixed material by using a granulator to obtain the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer;
the preparation method of the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer uses an ecological organic fertilizer fermentation device, and comprises a fermentation tank, wherein a stirring assembly and a grinding assembly are arranged in the middle of an inner cavity of the fermentation tank, the stirring assembly comprises a fixed stirring auger and a movable stirring auger, a driving mechanism is arranged above the stirring assembly, and the grinding assembly is positioned between the fixed stirring auger and the movable stirring auger; the driving mechanism comprises a coaxial anisotropic driving assembly, a coaxial limiting assembly and a driving motor, the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly is driven to move upwards through linear driving, the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger are driven to rotate in opposite directions, and the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger respectively drive materials on the upper side and the lower side of the fermentation tank to gather towards the position of the crushing assembly; the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly is driven to move downwards through linear driving, the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger are driven to coaxially rotate, the fixed turning auger and the movable turning auger rotate in the same direction, and the crushed material at the bottom of the fermentation tank is driven to upwards turn;
The turning assembly further comprises an arc-shaped gathering blade, the arc-shaped gathering blade is positioned at the bottom of the fixed turning auger and rotates synchronously with the fixed turning auger, and the bottom of the arc-shaped gathering blade is close to the bottom of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank;
the grinding assembly comprises two groups of grinding convex plates, the two groups of grinding convex plates are respectively positioned at the top of the fixed turning auger and the bottom of the movable turning auger, the middle part of each grinding convex plate is hollowed and provided with a perforation, and the two grinding convex plates are both arranged in an upward protruding way;
the middle part of the fixed turning auger is provided with a driving shaft which extends above the coaxial anisotropic driving assembly, the driving shaft is provided with a driving motor, the upper part of the driving shaft is connected with an output shaft of the driving motor, the driving motor is fixedly connected with the top of the inner cavity of the fermentation tank, a fixed cylinder is arranged outside the fixed turning auger, and a fixed rod is arranged outside the fixed cylinder and fixedly connected with the inner wall of the fermentation tank;
the inner side of the movable turning auger is provided with a driving cylinder, the driving shaft penetrates through the middle part of the driving cylinder, the outer side of the movable turning auger is provided with a movable cylinder, the top of the movable cylinder is in driving connection with a straight line, the outer side above the fixed turning auger is fixedly provided with a connecting ring, the connecting ring is in sliding connection with the movable cylinder, the connecting ring is matched with the movable cylinder through a limiting piece, and the middle part of the connecting ring is provided with a turning outlet;
The coaxial anisotropic drive assembly comprises a fixed bevel gear, a movable bevel gear and a transmission bevel gear, wherein the fixed bevel gear is connected with the driving shaft, a connecting cylinder is arranged in the middle of the movable bevel gear, the movable bevel gear is connected with the connecting cylinder, the bottom of the connecting cylinder is matched with the side wall of the driving cylinder through a limiting piece, and the transmission bevel gear is arranged between the fixed bevel gear and the movable bevel gear and can be meshed with the fixed bevel gear and the movable bevel gear simultaneously;
the top of the fixed bevel gear is connected with the driving motor body through a bearing, the bottom of the movable bevel gear is connected with a driving plate through a bearing, the driving plate is arranged above the movable turning auger by the movable barrel, the driving plate is fixedly connected with the outer side of the driving barrel, the transmission bevel gear is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the movable barrel through a rotating shaft, the bottom of the movable barrel, which is positioned at the bottom of the driving plate, is provided with a turning inlet, and the turning inlet is right opposite to the uppermost part of the movable turning auger;
the coaxial limiting assembly comprises limiting teeth and limiting grooves, the limiting teeth are located on the side wall of the driving shaft, the limiting grooves are formed in the inner side of the upper portion of the connecting cylinder, the limiting grooves are located above the limiting teeth, the connecting cylinder can move up and down relative to the driving shaft, springs are arranged between the connecting cylinder and the driving cylinder, the driving cylinder is located at the bottom of the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder and provided with a convex ring, a limiting ring is arranged in the middle of the connecting cylinder, and two ends of each spring are connected with the convex ring and the limiting ring respectively.
2. The method for preparing the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the mass ratio of the sugarcane tail leaf powder to deionized water to the active agent is 100:600-1500:15-50, and the active agent is potassium hydroxide.
3. The method for preparing the sugarcane tail leaf ecological organic fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mixed strain in the step three is a combined strain of trichoderma harzianum, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter, and the mass ratio of trichoderma harzianum to photosynthetic bacteria to bacillus subtilis to azotobacter is 10:1-5:12-25:2-7.
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