CN115494046A - Trace multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a trace multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection method and a trace multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection device. The detection method comprises the following steps: the gas to be measured freely diffuses into the fiber core of the hollow fiber with holes punched on the side surface; the pumping light and the seed light are coupled into the optical fiber from opposite directions; the gas to be detected is excited by the pump light and the seed light together to generate a second Raman gain signal, the pump light is sequentially excited at interface fused quartz at two ends of the hollow optical fiber to generate a first Raman gain signal and a third Raman gain signal, and the first stimulated Raman gain signal, the second stimulated Raman gain signal and the third stimulated Raman gain signal are detected; measuring the time of the second Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector, and determining the position of the gas to be detected; and measuring the intensity of the second Raman gain signal to obtain the distributed concentration of the gas to be measured along the length of the hollow-core optical fiber. The device comprises: the device comprises a plurality of seed lasers, an optical switch, a polarization controller, an isolator, a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber with a side hole drilled, a circulator, a pump optical filter, a photoelectric detector, a pump laser and fused silica at an optical fiber interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of characteristic gas detection in power equipment, and particularly relates to an optical fiber distributed detection method and device for detecting multi-component characteristic gas by using a stimulated Raman effect of gas.
Background
The gas phase substance is always accompanied with the production and living process of human beings, but is usually difficult to perceive. Equipment operation, pipeline laying, metabolism all can release various gas to the environment in, carry out real-time supervision and accurate location to trace gas matter, are the prerequisite condition of judging equipment trouble, prevention pipeline leakage, protection natural environment. In the power industry, various gases capable of reflecting the fault property and the insulation aging property of equipment can be decomposed and generated in equipment such as power transformers and GIS (gas insulated switchgear) used for electric power and nuclear energy; the method is characterized in that fault and aging characteristic gas is accurately detected, and is the key for realizing the diagnosis of the running state of the power transmission and transformation equipment; for example, GIL (gas insulation transmission line) is laid and applied on a large scale, safe operation and fault location of GIL several kilometers long, relies on high-precision distributed detection of SF6, O2 and decomposed fault signature gases (H2S, SO2F2, CF4, etc.). Therefore, the gas sensing network is formed to realize omnibearing, long-distance, real-time, multi-component and high-sensitivity distributed detection on the gas in the power transmission and gas transmission pipelines, large-scale equipment and closed spaces, and has important significance in the fields of energy, electric power and the like.
In recent years, the mainstream detection methods for gas detection include: gas chromatography, nanomaterial gas sensing, fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), raman spectroscopy, laser absorption spectroscopy, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and the like. Wherein, the gas chromatography has the disadvantages of complex structure, need of carrier gas and regular maintenance; although the nano material gas-sensitive method has the advantages of simple structure, high response speed and low power consumption, the cross interference is serious; fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are sensitive to H2 only but cannot detect hydrocarbons; the laser absorption spectroscopy is designed according to the characteristic that gas can directly absorb laser, but requires a gas absorption cell with a large volume and is susceptible to light scattering and refraction. However, stimulated raman scattering has a more pronounced threshold, better directionality (directionality), better monochromaticity, and higher intensity of scattered light than spontaneous raman scattering.
Therefore, the invention adopts the stimulated Raman detection technology as a gas detection method. Meanwhile, in order to lower the stimulated raman scattering threshold, the laser band is positioned at a visible light band having a stronger raman gain. And the visible light wave band also has a laser with high peak power, and the higher detection sensitivity can be realized by combining the high laser damage threshold of the anti-resonance optical fiber.
Prior art document 1 (CN 112683876A) discloses a method and a system for detecting trace gas optical fiber photothermal stimulated raman spectroscopy. Filling gas to be detected into the hollow optical fiber in a side drilling mode; modulating the pump light and the first probe light, and entering the hollow-core optical fiber through the coupling lens; adjusting the wavelength of the pump light to enable the energy difference of the laser wavelengths of the pump light and the first detection light to be equal to the transition energy difference of the gas to be detected; the first detection light is used as stimulated Raman trigger laser, and jointly excites gas with the periodically modulated pump light to generate a stimulated Raman process so as to influence the phase of the second detection light to change; the second detection light forms multi-beam interference light in the FP cavity, the phase signal of the interference light is demodulated by a demodulator, and the gas concentration is obtained. The prior art document 1 has a disadvantage in that only a single point of detection of the gas concentration is realized; the method has the advantages that the detection of the distributed concentration along the length of the hollow-core optical fiber is realized through the detection and the time and the intensity of the Raman gain signal reaching a photoelectric detector. In addition, the stimulated Raman gain signal is basically not influenced by vibration, temperature, strain and the like, and the detection accuracy is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to establish a multi-component gas stimulated Raman distributed sensing network and realize high-precision multi-component gas distributed sensing. The invention provides a method and a device for optical fiber distributed detection of trace multi-component gas.
The invention discloses a trace multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection method, which is characterized by being used for detecting the position and concentration of trace multi-component gas and comprising the following steps of:
step 1, freely diffusing gas to be detected into a fiber core of a hollow-core optical fiber with a punched side surface;
step 2, coupling the pump light with set frequency and the seed light from opposite directions to enter the perforated hollow-core optical fiber;
step 3, the gas to be detected is excited by the pump light with set frequency and the seed light together to generate a second Raman gain signal, the pump light is excited at interface fused quartz positions at two ends of the hollow optical fiber in sequence to generate a first Raman gain signal and a third Raman gain signal, and the first, second and third stimulated Raman gain signals are detected;
step 4, measuring the time of the first Raman gain signal and the third Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector to realize the calibration of the position of the hollow optical fiber;
step 5, measuring the time of the second Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector, and determining the position of the gas to be detected;
step 6, measuring the intensity of the second Raman gain signal to obtain the concentration of the gas to be measured; the obtained concentration of the gas to be detected is distributed concentration along the length of the hollow-core optical fiber.
Preferably, in step 2, the pump laser is pulsed light with a wavelength not greater than 532nm; the seed light is continuous light, and the difference between the frequency of the seed light and the frequency of the pump light is equal to the vibration or rotation energy level of the gas molecules to be detected;
the number of the seed lights is equal to the type of the gas to be detected.
Preferably, in step 4, the time when the first raman gain signal first reaches the photodetector is defined as a time 0.
Preferably, the position D = t × c/2 of each gas is obtained by sequentially measuring the time t and the speed of light c of the second raman gain signal of the corresponding gas reaching the photodetector, so as to realize distributed measurement of the gas to be measured.
Preferably, in step 5, the optical switch is used to rapidly switch the seed laser to sequentially achieve the distributed concentration of each single-gas hollow-core fiber length;
wherein the switching speed of the optical switch is less than 0.5ms.
Preferably, in step 5, the spatial resolution of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the hollow-core fiber side hole punching density and the pulse width of the pump laser;
the detection distance of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the pulse frequency of the pump laser.
In a second aspect, the invention also discloses a micro multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection device, which comprises:
the system comprises a plurality of seed lasers (1-6), an optical switch (7), a polarization controller (8), an optical isolator (9), a hollow anti-resonance optical fiber (10) with a side hole, a circulator (11), a pump optical filter (14), a photoelectric detector (12), a pump laser (13) and fused silica (15) at an optical fiber interface;
the seed laser is efficiently coupled from the front end of the punching hollow-core antiresonance optical fiber to the fiber core through an optical switch, an optical fiber polarization controller, an optical isolator and a solid quartz optical fiber;
and the pump laser is efficiently coupled into the fiber core from the rear end of the punching hollow-core anti-resonance fiber through the circulator and the solid quartz fiber.
Preferably, the gas or interface fused silica stimulated stokes raman gain signal reaches the photodetector through the optical fiber circulator, the pump light filter and the solid silica fiber.
Preferably, the fiber polarization controller is used for changing the polarization states of the seeds and the pump laser and improving the intensity of the stimulated Raman gain;
the pump light filter is used for residual pump light signals, so that all signals detected by the photoelectric detector are reverse Stokes Raman gain signals.
Preferably, the interface fused silica is formed by fusion when the solid-core silica optical fiber is butt-coupled with the perforated hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber.
1. The invention has the advantages that the position of the gas to be detected can be accurately positioned, and the concentration of the gas to be detected can be identified;
2. the distributed concentration of the multi-component gas can be rapidly measured by rapidly switching the seed light;
3. filtering the residual pump light signals to ensure that all signals detected by the photoelectric detector are reverse Stokes Raman gain signals as much as possible, and directly demodulating the power difference value of the seed light to reduce the error generation way, so that the method is quick, convenient and high in accuracy;
4. the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber has the characteristics of low transmission loss, wide transmission passband and high laser damage threshold, and the polarization states of the pump laser and the seed laser are adjusted by matching the hollow anti-resonance optical fiber to improve the Raman gain intensity;
5. the laser wave band is positioned at the visible light wave band with stronger Raman gain, so that higher detection sensitivity can be realized.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below, by way of example and not by way of limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a micro multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection method.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of a micro multicomponent gas optical fiber distributed detection device;
1-6-seed laser, 7-optical switch, 8-polarization controller, 9-optical isolator, 10-side-drilled hollow anti-resonant fiber, 11-circulator, 12-photoelectric detector, 13-pump laser, 14-pump optical filter, 15-fused silica at fiber interface.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of backward stimulated raman gas based optical fiber distributed sensing signal analysis.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for distributed detection of a trace multicomponent gas by an optical fiber according to the present invention includes the following steps:
step 1, the gas to be measured freely diffuses into the fiber core of the long-distance side-punched hollow-core optical fiber.
Namely, the gas to be measured is filled into the fiber core of the long-distance hollow-core optical fiber with the side surface perforated.
Step 2, efficiently coupling the pump light with set frequency and the seed light into the hollow optical fiber from opposite directions;
seed light with set frequency is efficiently coupled into the fiber core from the front end of the punching hollow-core antiresonance fiber through the optical switch, the fiber polarization controller, the optical isolator and the solid quartz fiber. Wherein the pumping light is pulse light with the wavelength not more than 532nm; the seed light is continuous light, and the difference between the frequency of the seed light and the frequency of the pump light is equal to the vibration or rotation energy level (Raman frequency shift number) of the gas molecules to be detected; the number of the seed lights is equal to the type of the gas to be detected.
Step 3, the gas to be detected is excited by the pump light with the set frequency and the seed light together to generate a stimulated Raman scattering effect, namely when the difference between the output frequency of the pump laser and the frequency of the seed laser is just equal to the vibration or rotation energy level (Raman frequency shift number) of the gas molecules, the gas can generate the stimulated Raman effect and generate a second Raman gain signal; the pump light is sequentially excited at interface fused silica at two ends of the hollow-core optical fiber to generate a first Raman gain signal and a third Raman gain signal, and the first Raman gain signal, the second Raman gain signal and the third Raman gain signal are detected.
Step 4, measuring the time of the first Raman gain signal and the third Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector to realize the calibration of the position of the hollow optical fiber;
step 5, measuring the time of the second Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector, and determining the position of the gas to be detected;
as shown in fig. 3, the group index of the fundamental mode in the hollow-core fiber is-1, so the pump light and the seed light propagate in the hollow-core fiber at approximately the speed of vacuum light. When the pump light enters the hollow-core fiber from the single-mode silica pigtail, the pump light firstly experiences backward stimulated raman gain (first raman gain signal) of fused silica at the fiber interface, and the time when the gain reaches the photodetector is taken as the starting time (t = 0). After the pump light enters the optical fiber, the pump light meets the gas molecules to be detected at the position D at the time t (t = D/c), backward Stokes Raman gain (second Raman gain signal) generated by the gas molecules to be detected at the position D is captured by the photoelectric detector through the distance D, and the time at the moment is recorded as t 1 (t 1 = 2D/c), the pump light continues to move forwards after meeting the gas to be detected in the hollow-core optical fiber, finally reaches the output solid-core quartz tail fiber to generate backward stimulated Raman gain (third Raman gain signal) of fused quartz at the other end, and the time when the gain reaches the photoelectric detector is recorded as cut-off time t 3 (t 3 =2L/c, where L is the hollow-core fiber length). By measuring time t 1 Determining the distance D, D = t 1 * c/2, thereby realizing the distributed measurement of the gas to be measured by the hollow optical fiber.
Step 6, measuring the intensity of the second Raman gain signal to obtain the concentration of the gas to be measured; the obtained concentration of the gas to be detected is distributed concentration along the length of the hollow-core optical fiber.
Since the stimulated Raman effect amplifies the Stokes seed light, the amount of amplification of the seed light is measured and then the equation is based on the signal amplification value of the seed light
ΔI S ＝∝g S I S I P ∝I S I P ΔN/Γ
And solving the number density difference of the gas molecules to be detected.
Wherein, I S ，I P The input power of seed light and pump light, raman line width with gamma as unit, delta N as number density difference of gas molecules between particles with different torsional vibration energy levels, g s The Raman gain factor is related to polarization, and the concentration of the gas to be detected is obtained because the amplification amount of the seed light is in direct proportion to the concentration of the gas to be detected. When corresponding to each gas StokesWhen the seed light with the Kess frequency shift number exists at the same time, the stimulated Raman of each gas generates competition, so that the optical switch is used for rapidly switching the seed light to avoid the competition. The optical switch is used for rapidly switching the seed laser, and the distributed concentration of the length of each single gas hollow-core optical fiber is sequentially realized. Wherein the switching speed of the optical switch is less than 0.5ms.
The spatial resolution of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the punching density of the side surface of the hollow-core optical fiber and the pulse width of the pump laser; the detection distance of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the pulse frequency of the pump laser.
As shown in fig. 2, the components of the micro multi-component gas hollow-core optical fiber distributed detection apparatus according to the present invention are shown, and the gas to be detected is filled into the core of the long-distance hollow-core optical fiber 10 with side holes. Seed light with set frequency is efficiently coupled into a fiber core from the front end of the punching hollow-core antiresonance fiber through the optical switch 7, the polarization controller 8, the optical isolator 9 and the solid quartz fiber. Meanwhile, the pump light with set frequency is efficiently coupled into the fiber core from the rear end of the punching hollow anti-resonance fiber through the circulator 11 and the solid quartz fiber.
The fiber polarization controller 8 is used to change the polarization state of the seed and the pump laser, and improve the strength of the stimulated raman gain. The pump filter 13 is used for residual pump signals, so that all signals detected by the photodetector are reverse stokes raman gain signals.
The interface fused silica 15 is formed by fusing a solid core silica fiber when butt-coupled with the perforated hollow-core anti-resonant fiber 10.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multi-component gas is characterized in that the method is used for detecting the position and concentration of the trace multi-component gas and comprises the following steps:
step 1, freely diffusing gas to be detected into a fiber core of a hollow-core optical fiber with a punched side surface;
step 2, coupling the pump light with set frequency and the seed light from opposite directions to enter the perforated hollow-core optical fiber;
step 3, the gas to be detected is excited by the pump light with the set frequency and the seed light together to generate a second Raman gain signal, the pump light is sequentially excited at interface fused quartz at two ends of the hollow fiber to generate a first Raman gain signal and a third Raman gain signal, and the first, second and third stimulated Raman gain signals are detected;
step 4, measuring the time of the first Raman gain signal and the third Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector to realize the calibration of the position of the hollow optical fiber;
step 5, measuring the time of the second Raman gain signal reaching the photoelectric detector, and determining the position of the gas to be detected;
step 6, measuring the intensity of the second Raman gain signal to obtain the concentration of the gas to be measured; the obtained concentration of the gas to be detected is distributed concentration along the length of the hollow-core optical fiber.
2. The optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step 2, the pump laser is pulsed light with the wavelength not more than 532nm; the seed light is continuous light, and the difference between the frequency of the seed light and the frequency of the pump light is equal to the vibration or rotation energy level of the gas molecules to be detected;
the number of the seed lights is equal to the type of the gas to be detected.
3. The optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step 4, the time when the first raman gain signal first reaches the photodetector is defined as the 0 time.
4. The optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 3, characterized in that:
and sequentially measuring the time t and the light speed c of the second Raman gain signal of the corresponding gas reaching the photoelectric detector to obtain the position D = t × c/2 of each gas, thereby realizing the distributed measurement of the gas to be measured.
5. The optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step 5, the optical switch is used for rapidly switching the seed laser to sequentially realize the distributed concentration of each single-gas hollow-core optical fiber length;
wherein the switching speed of the optical switch is less than 0.5ms.
6. The optical fiber distributed detection method for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step 5, the spatial resolution of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the side punching density of the hollow-core optical fiber and the pulse width of the pump laser;
the detection distance of the gas distribution concentration is determined by the pulse frequency of the pump laser.
7. A micro multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection device, which adopts the micro multi-component gas optical fiber distributed detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that the device comprises:
the system comprises a plurality of seed lasers (1-6), an optical switch (7), a polarization controller (8), an optical isolator (9), a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber (10) with a side hole, a circulator (11), a pump optical filter (14), a photoelectric detector (12), a pump laser (13) and fused silica (15) at an optical fiber interface;
the seed laser is efficiently coupled from the front end of the punching hollow-core antiresonance optical fiber to the fiber core through an optical switch, an optical fiber polarization controller, an optical isolator and a solid quartz optical fiber;
and the pump laser is efficiently coupled into the fiber core from the rear end of the punching hollow-core anti-resonance fiber through the circulator and the solid quartz fiber.
8. The optical fiber distributed detection device for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 7, characterized in that:
the gas or interface fused silica stimulated Stokes Raman gain signal reaches the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator, the pump light filter and the solid quartz optical fiber.
9. The optical fiber distributed detection device for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 7, wherein:
the optical fiber polarization controller is used for changing the polarization states of the seeds and the pump laser and improving the intensity of the stimulated Raman gain;
the pumping light filter is used for residual pumping light signals, so that all signals detected by the photoelectric detector are reverse Stokes Raman gain signals.
10. The optical fiber distributed detection device for trace multicomponent gas according to claim 7, wherein:
the interface fused silica is formed by fusing a solid-core silica optical fiber and a punched hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber when the solid-core silica optical fiber and the punched hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber are in butt coupling.
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