CN115493466A - Rock rapid blasting excavation method based on rod jet flow group - Google Patents
Rock rapid blasting excavation method based on rod jet flow group Download PDFInfo
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- CN115493466A CN115493466A CN202211162642.2A CN202211162642A CN115493466A CN 115493466 A CN115493466 A CN 115493466A CN 202211162642 A CN202211162642 A CN 202211162642A CN 115493466 A CN115493466 A CN 115493466A
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- blasting
- rod
- rod jet
- jet flow
- rock
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rock rapid blasting excavation method based on a rod jet flow group, wherein hard rock is provided with a first free surface and a second free surface, and the rock rapid blasting excavation method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of rod jet blasting structures along a first track, wherein the first track is positioned in a region which is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rod jet blasting structures away from a first free surface; controlling the plurality of rod jet blasting structures to detonate within a preset time to form a new first blank surface; setting a plurality of rod jet blasting structures for blasting along the second track based on the new first free face; the steps are repeated until the target range and depth are excavated, and the blasting excavation method is suitable for occasions of emergency rescue dangerous stone blasting, small-volume rock blasting excavation and tunnel rapid blasting excavation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a rock rapid blasting excavation method based on a rod jet group, and belongs to the technical field of energy-gathered blasting.
Background
The tunnel is the key and key project for the construction of roads, railways and the like, and with the development of railway construction and the progress of science and technology, the tunnel excavation method is developed rapidly. The common excavation methods include a drilling and blasting method, a shield method and a digging machine method. The drilling and blasting method is still the tunnel excavation method commonly used at home and abroad at present because the drilling and blasting method has strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation cost, and is particularly suitable for the construction of hard rock tunnels, broken rock tunnels and a large number of short tunnels. However, the greater the hardness of the rock, the more difficult and inefficient the tunnel construction. For example, for tunnel blasting excavation mainly comprising sandstone and slate with the rock firmness coefficient f = 6-10, the existing oblique-hole wedge-shaped cutting arrangement mode is adopted for the cutting holes.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of 109813189A discloses a hard rock tunnel blasting excavation method, a drilling machine is provided with a large number of cutting holes, auxiliary holes, peripheral holes, bottom holes and empty holes, explosives are filled for blasting excavation, and the method is inapplicable to rock rapid excavation with more than two blank faces, such as emergency dangerous rock blasting, small-volume rock blasting excavation, tunnel rapid blasting excavation and the like. The Chinese patent with the publication number of 113216951A discloses a non-blasting mechanical mining method for deep hard rock mines, which improves the excavation precision, but needs longer time, is not beneficial to emergency rescue and dangerous rock blasting, and can quickly and efficiently excavate hard rocks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a rock rapid blasting excavation method based on a rod jet flow group, which can rapidly excavate rocks with more than two blank surfaces without drilling
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a rapid rock blasting excavation method based on a rod jet group, wherein hard rock is provided with a first free face and a second free face, and the method comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of rod jet blasting structures along a first track, wherein the first track is positioned in a region which is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rod jet blasting structures away from a first free surface;
controlling the plurality of rod jet blasting structures to detonate within preset time to form a new first blank surface;
setting a plurality of rod jet blasting structures for blasting along the second track based on the new first free face;
and repeating the steps until the excavation reaches the target range and depth.
Further, the distance between the rod jet blasting structure and the second free face is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rod jet blasting structure.
Furthermore, the adjacent distance between the rod jet blasting structures is 6-10 times of the diameter of the rod jet blasting structure.
Further, the rod jet blasting structure is fixed to the outer side of the second blank face through a support structure.
Further, an included angle between the first free face and the second free face is 45-90 degrees, and the jet flow direction of the rod jet flow blasting structure is perpendicular to the second free face.
Further, the first free surface is enclosed to form a closed graph.
Further, the first track and the second track are arranged around the closed figure.
Further, the preset time is less than 10 microseconds.
Furthermore, the plurality of rod jet blasting structures in the first track are controlled by detonating cables with equal length and microsecond detonators and are detonated simultaneously.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a rock rapid blasting excavation method based on a rod jet group, which does not need to use a drilling tool to drill holes on a free surface, is not limited in excavation use occasions, and can save the operation time;
the method comprises the steps that rod jet flow groups are arranged on a hard rock face to be excavated, which is provided with a first face hollow surface and a second face hollow surface, the first face hollow surface is surrounded into a closed graph, a first track and a second track are arranged around the closed graph, and cracks are extended to the face hollow surface by utilizing the mutual superposition influence of stress among rocks caused by the penetration performance of the rod jet flow, so that the rock is crushed, and the excavation is promoted to be completed;
an included angle between the first free face and the second free face is 45-90 degrees, the jet direction of the rod jet blasting structure is perpendicular to the second free face, and when the rod jet energy-gathered charge is used for forming holes at a position close to the free face, the cracks are preferentially developed towards the free face direction and penetrate through the free face to form rock crushing;
set up a plurality of pole efflux blasting structures and when detonating simultaneously according to certain parameter setting, the stress field that the pole efflux formed superposes each other, and broken rock volume is bigger, efficiency is higher, is fit for using in the occasion that can not use drilling tool such as emergency rescue danger stone blasting, the blasting excavation of small square volume rock, tunnel quick blasting tunnelling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a rod jet blasting structure arranged on a second blank surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rod jet blasting configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the rod jet blasting structures at the same distance from the first blank surface according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-pin jet blasting configuration in which the three-pin jet blasting configurations are simultaneously detonated in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a tunnel blast with a second blank face formed by a rod jet blasting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the post-blasting configuration of the jet stream cluster of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Based on the defects of tunnel excavation and small-volume rock blasting excavation at present, particularly on the conditions that drilling equipment is inconvenient to unfold or rapid operation is required, the invention provides a rod jet group-based rock rapid blasting excavation method, which is mainly applied to rapid rock excavation with more than two free faces, such as emergency rescue dangerous rock blasting, small-volume rock blasting excavation, tunnel rapid blasting excavation and the like.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of the rod-jet blasting structure arranged on the second free face according to the embodiment of the present invention, the rod-jet blasting structure 10 in the drawing includes a JPC energy-gathered charging structure, where the JPC energy-gathered charging structure includes a charge shell 11, a bell-mouth-shaped charge liner 12, a charge structure 13, and an explosion detonator 14, the bell-mouth-shaped charge liner 12 is assembled to a first end of the charge shell 11 and is used for enclosing the charge structure 13 in the charge shell 11, and the explosion detonator 14 is arranged at a second end of the charge shell 11.
JPC is energy-gathering rod-type penetration body, charges for the jet-flow projectile body, is a special form of explosive-shaped projectile, and compared with common explosion EFP, the invention explodes to form long-rod-type projectile by adjusting an explosion system, charge design and heavy metal, and the rod-type penetration body has high flying speed, large section kinetic energy ratio, strong penetration capability and penetration thickness close to energy-gathering jet flow.
In order to secure the JPC shaped charge structure to the free face, a support structure 20 is provided on the outside of the JPC shaped charge structure to stabilize it in the target position in order to maintain the rod jet blast structure 10 in a fixed position and to remain stable during blasting until the jet is formed.
It is practicable that the support structure 20 includes a support ring sleeved outside the rod jet blasting structure 10, and three support legs fixed to an outer wall of the support ring, wherein second ends of the support legs are connected to the second blank surface.
The utility model discloses a supporting legs, supporting ring, stainless steel material, the supporting legs is fixed to face the sky face, and the supporting legs is fixed to face the sky face to the support leg.
In another embodiment, the supporting feet and the supporting ring can be made of engineering plastics.
Example two
Based on the single rod jet blasting structure 10 and the support structure 20 thereof, the invention provides a rapid rock blasting excavation method based on rod jet groups, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging a plurality of rod jet blasting structures along a first track 100;
step 2, controlling the plurality of rod jet blasting structures 10 to detonate within a preset time range T;
repeating the step 1 and the step 2 until the target range and the depth are excavated;
the hard rock to be blasted is defined to be provided with a first free face 102 and a second free face 101, a region which is W away from the first free face 102 is a first region, a first track is located in the first region, the distance between the rod jet blasting structure 10 and the second free face 101 is h, and the distance between adjacent rod jet blasting structures is a.
The rod jet blasting structure 10 is defined by a diameter D,
h=（2～3）D ；
L=（4.4～6.6）D ；
W=（5～7）D；
a=（6～10）D。
in a particular embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the rod jet blasting structure 10 is fixed to the outside of the second blank face 101 by the support structure 20 and the rod jet blasting structure 10 is controlled to be spaced apart from the second blank face by a distance h. The distance h between the jet blasting structure 10 and the second free face is the blast height, when the blast height is less than 2 times of the charge diameter, the jet shot is not completely formed, the speed and the length-diameter ratio of the jet shot are still in rapid change, and the penetration effects such as penetration depth, penetration diameter and the like are greatly changed along with the change of the blast height; when the explosion height reaches 2-3 of the diameter D of the rod jet blasting structure 10, and the jet forming performance is basically stable, the penetration effect change is gradually reduced and tends to be stable, and the control of the explosion effect is facilitated.
In a specific embodiment, the first free face 102 and the second free face 101 have an included angle of 45-90 °, for example, the first free face 102 is formed naturally or the first free face 102 is formed by using plunge blasting, during blasting excavation, a plurality of rod jet blasting structures 10 are arranged on the second free face 101 to form a rod jet group, and during blasting, stress fields formed by a plurality of rod jets are superposed, so that cracks are preferentially developed towards the direction of the free face and penetrate through the free face to form rock breaking.
Preferably, the jet direction of the jet blasting structure 10 is perpendicular to the second blank face 101.
As shown in fig. 4, the first blank surface 102 encloses a closed figure, such as a trapezoid-like blank surface formed in the center of the figure.
The first track 100 is arranged in a closed pattern around the first free surface 102. In a specific embodiment, in order to conform the contour of the formed tunnel, the first track 100 is arranged with an arch-shaped top and an outwardly extending lower portion according to the side edges of the first free surface 102, as shown in fig. 5.
Preferably, the first trajectory 100 is within the first region.
Wherein the first area is defined as a distance range of 5 to 7 times the diameter D of the rod jet blasting structure 10 from the first blank face 102.
In the embodiment of the invention, the diameter D of the rod jet blasting structure 10 is 35-70mm.
Further, in order to enable stress fields formed by the rod jets to be mutually superposed, the volume of the broken rock is larger, the efficiency is higher, and when the plurality of rod jet energy-gathered charging structures 10 are preferably set according to certain parameters and detonated simultaneously, the preset time range T is smaller than 10 microseconds in consideration of the stress superposition effect.
In practice, several bar jet blasting structures 10 in the first trajectory 100 are detonated simultaneously by microsecond detonator control.
Due to the poor precision of the microsecond detonator, in a preferred embodiment, the plurality of rod jet blasting structures 10 in the first trajectory 100 are controlled to detonate simultaneously by detonating cords of equal length, and the plurality of rod jet blasting structures 10 are controlled to detonate simultaneously.
After the plurality of rod jet blasting structures 10 of the first trajectory 100 are blasted, the first free face 102 is enlarged to form a new first free face 102, a second trajectory 200 is arranged based on the new first free face 102, and blasting is performed for the second time until the target range and depth are excavated.
As shown in fig. 5, the cracks 300 formed after the rod jet blasting structure 10 is blasted extend to the first free surface 102, so that the rock is broken.
With the combination of the above embodiments, the present invention utilizes the rod jet flow group arranged on the hard rock face to be excavated with the first face empty surface 102 and the second face empty surface 101, and utilizes the mutual superposition influence of the stress between rocks caused by the penetration performance of the rod jet flow to extend the crack to the face empty surface, so as to form the breaking of the rocks and complete the excavation purpose. When the rod jet flow energy-gathered charge is formed into a hole at a position close to the face, the crack is preferentially developed towards the face direction and penetrates through the face to form rock crushing.
The rod jet flow formed by the energy-gathered charge explosion provided by the invention continuously impacts to form a stress wave source in the process of penetrating the rock at high speed, a stress wave array formed by overlapping a plurality of stress wave sources is outwards spread in a circular truncated cone shape, when the stress in the rock is greater than the fracture strength of the rock, a crack is formed around an opening, and when the stress is attenuated to be less than the ultimate fracture strength of the rock, the crack is terminated. When setting up a plurality of rod efflux blasting structures 10 and detonating simultaneously according to certain parameter setting, the stress field that the rod efflux formed superposes each other, and broken rock square volume is bigger, efficiency is higher. And the diameter of the rod jet flow is larger than that of the jet flow, the length and the speed of the rod jet flow are superior to those of the explosion forming shot, the impact crushing effect in hard rock is obvious, and the rod jet flow is suitable for being applied to occasions such as emergency rescue dangerous stone blasting, small-volume rock blasting excavation, tunnel rapid blasting tunneling and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rock quick blasting excavation method based on pole efflux crowd, hard rock has first face free surface and second and faces the free surface, its characterized in that includes the following step:
arranging a plurality of rod jet blasting structures along a first track, wherein the first track is positioned in a region which is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rod jet blasting structures away from a first free surface;
controlling the plurality of rod jet blasting structures to detonate within a preset time to form a new first blank surface;
setting a plurality of rod jet blasting structures for blasting along the second track based on the new first free face;
and repeating the steps until the excavation reaches the target range and depth.
2. The rapid blasting excavation method for rocks based on the rod jet flow group as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the rod jet flow blasting structure and the second free face is 2-3 times of the diameter of the rod jet flow blasting structure.
3. The rapid blasting excavation method for rocks based on the rod jet flow group as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjacent spacing between the plurality of rod jet flow blasting structures is 6 to 10 times of the diameter of the rod jet flow blasting structures.
4. The rapid blasting excavation method for rocks based on a rod jet flow group, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rod jet flow blasting structure is fixed to the outer side of the second blank surface through a support structure.
5. The method for rapid blasting excavation of rock based on the rod jet flow group as claimed in claim 1, wherein an included angle between the first free face and the second free face is 45-90 °, and a jet flow direction of the rod jet flow blasting structure is perpendicular to the second free face.
6. The method for rapid blasting excavation of rock based on the jet rod flow group as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first free surface is enclosed into a closed pattern.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first trajectory and the second trajectory are arranged around a closed figure.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is less than 10 microseconds.
9. The method for rapid blasting excavation of rock based on the rod jet flow group as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of the rod jet flow blasting structures in the first track are controlled by detonating cables and microsecond detonators of equal length and are detonated simultaneously.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211162642.2A CN115493466B (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Rapid rock blasting excavation method based on rod jet group |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211162642.2A CN115493466B (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Rapid rock blasting excavation method based on rod jet group |
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| CN115493466A true CN115493466A (en) | 2022-12-20 |
| CN115493466B CN115493466B (en) | 2023-10-24 |
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| CN202211162642.2A Active CN115493466B (en) | 2022-09-23 | 2022-09-23 | Rapid rock blasting excavation method based on rod jet group |
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Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB951626A (en) * | 1960-09-09 | 1964-03-11 | Dow Chemical Co | A method of blasting earth formations |
| CN86201382U (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-05-06 | 国营长白机械厂 | Equipment for rock blasting |
| CN86209599U (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1987-07-22 | 国营锦山机械厂 | Punching bullet for rock |
| CN2394190Y (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-30 | 辽阳庆阳爆破器材厂 | Ores crusher |
| CA2541923A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-28 | Molycorp, Inc. | Method to improve perforating effectiveness using a charge perforator |
| CN1920472A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-02-28 | 郑炳旭 | Underwater blast shaped charge and underwater distribution method |
| CN103134403A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Underwater energy-gathered blasting device and blasting method |
| CN103398639A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-11-20 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Exploder for smashing stones and clearing barriers |
| CN107269284A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-10-20 | 徐工集团工程机械有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel excavation construction method |
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 CN CN202211162642.2A patent/CN115493466B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB951626A (en) * | 1960-09-09 | 1964-03-11 | Dow Chemical Co | A method of blasting earth formations |
| CN86201382U (en) * | 1986-03-19 | 1987-05-06 | 国营长白机械厂 | Equipment for rock blasting |
| CN86209599U (en) * | 1986-11-26 | 1987-07-22 | 国营锦山机械厂 | Punching bullet for rock |
| CN2394190Y (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2000-08-30 | 辽阳庆阳爆破器材厂 | Ores crusher |
| CA2541923A1 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2005-04-28 | Molycorp, Inc. | Method to improve perforating effectiveness using a charge perforator |
| CN1920472A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-02-28 | 郑炳旭 | Underwater blast shaped charge and underwater distribution method |
| CN103134403A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2013-06-05 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Underwater energy-gathered blasting device and blasting method |
| CN103398639A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-11-20 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Exploder for smashing stones and clearing barriers |
| CN107269284A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-10-20 | 徐工集团工程机械有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel excavation construction method |
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