CN115492055A - Method for building dam by arranging waste rocks on dumping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of damming waste rocks in mine tailing ponds, and in particular relates to a method for damming waste rocks on a soil dumper. In this method, the dam body is directly stacked by discharging waste rocks on the soil dumper, or the waste rocks are discharged on the soil dumper to prepare materials, and then the excavator and the automobile are used to stack upside down to build the dam. Different from the traditional method of damming waste rocks in tailings dams by single transportation and discarding by automobiles, the present invention makes full use of the up-discharging function of the earthmover to realize the damming of waste rocks, which greatly improves the efficiency of damming waste rocks and shortens the construction time. The dam cycle reduces the cost of dam construction, and the overall benefit of the mine life cycle is significantly improved. It has a good promotion prospect in the field of mine tailings pond waste rock dam construction.

Description

A method for building a dam by discharging waste rocks on a soil dumper

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of damming waste rocks in mine tailing ponds, and in particular relates to a method for damming waste rocks on a soil dumper.

Background technique

Tailings reservoir dams can be divided into tailings accumulation dams and waste rock dams according to the selected dam materials; according to the dam formation form, it can be divided into upstream dams, downstream dams, midline dams, High-concentration tailings dam method and reservoir-type tailings dam method; according to whether it is permeable, it can be divided into permeable dams and impermeable dams. The formation of tailings accumulation dam by graded hydraulic accumulation of tailings cyclone is a relatively common dam construction method in the industry at present, and has high economic efficiency. However, according to the domestic engineering experience of tailings dam construction, the size distribution of tailings sand should not have the following characteristics:

Tailings average particle size dp<30μm;

-19μm has a lot of content, generally >50%;

+74μm content is less, generally <10%;

Can be used for damming particle size +37μm content ≤30%

Yuanjiacun Iron Mine of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. is currently the largest open-pit iron mine in China. Due to the fine particle size of the iron minerals, the content of +74μm in the finely ground tailings is only 7.25%. Safety requirements, so waste rock dam construction technology is adopted in the design, the source of waste rock is the waste rock stripped from the stope, and the average transportation distance of waste rock is 7km. Cars pull waste rock from the stope to fill the tailings dam in layers, which has high transportation costs and poor economic efficiency. Especially in the later period, as the tailings dam gradually rises, the length of the dam body increases continuously, and the amount of rocks required for dam construction and the cost of dam waste rock continue to increase. The amount of waste rock required for dam construction in each stage is shown in Table 1 . In view of this, it is urgent to develop a method for reducing the cost of waste rock dam construction.

Table 1. Taigang Yuanjiacun iron mine tailings dam rock volume in each stage

Contents of the invention

In order to reduce the construction cost of building a dam with waste rock, the invention provides a method for building a dam by discharging waste rock on an excavator.

To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for building a dam by discharging waste rocks on a soil-discharging machine, which includes a soil-discharging mode 1 and a soil-discharging mode 2. The soil-discharging mode 1 is to use waste rocks discharged from a soil-discharging machine to directly pile up a dam body, and the soil-discharging mode The second is to use the dumper to discharge the waste rock to prepare materials, and then use the excavator and the car to pile up the dam.

Further, the operation mode of directly stacking the dam body by the upper row of the earth-moving machine includes the first operation mode of the upper row and the second operation mode of the upper row; Between the downstream, the soil dumper discharges dams and discharges rocks; the second operation mode of the upper discharge is that the soil discharger is located downstream of the belt conveyor, and the discharge arm rotates and passes through the upper part of the belt conveyor to discharge rocks for dam construction.

Further, the process parameters of the upper row operation mode one are: the upper row height of the upper row of the earth-moving machine directly stacking the dam body is 12m, the safety distance between the earth-moving machine and the center of the belt conveyor is 10-15m, and the center of the belt conveyor and the center of the belt conveyor are 12m. The safety distance between the slope toe of the upper row of steps is 30-35m, and the safety distance between the earth dumper and the slope toe of the upper row of steps is 5-10m.

Further, the process parameters of the upper row operation mode two are: the upper row height of the upper row of the earth-moving machine directly stacking the dam body is 12-15m, the safety distance between the earth-moving machine and the belt conveyor center is 10-15m, and the belt conveyor The safe distance between the center and the foot of the upper row of steps is 5-10m.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

The present invention utilizes the up-discharging function of the earth-moving machine to build a dam with waste rocks in mine tailing ponds, and provides a method for stacking waste rocks on the earth-moving machine to build a dam body, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of damming waste rocks and shortening the dam-building period , reduces the construction cost of waste rock dam construction, and makes the overall benefit of the mine life cycle significantly increased, and has a good promotion prospect in the field of waste rock dam construction of mine tailings ponds.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the upper row operation mode one (following type upper row dam building) of the earth dumper of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the on-the-spot photograph (too heavy earth-moving machine, the arrow represents the material flow direction) of the present invention's upper row operation mode one;

Fig. 3 is the on-the-spot photograph (Sandvik earthmoving machine, arrow represents material flow direction) of the present invention's earthmoving machine upper row operation mode one;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the second row operation mode of the earth moving machine of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the on-the-spot photograph (arrow represents material flow direction) of the present invention's earthmoving machine upper row operation mode two;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of building a four-stage dam in the first stage of the Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Yuanjiacun iron ore tailings using the upper discharge operation mode of the earth dumper;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the second construction of the fourth-phase dam in the method of discharging the tailings of the Yuanjiacun Iron Mine of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of building the fourth-stage dam by adopting the second earth-discharging mode in the Yuanjiacun iron ore tailings mine of Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. according to the present invention.

(In the figure ① is the range of the dam body formed by using the up-discharging operation method of the soil-discharging machine in the first type of soil-discharging mode; ② is the range of the dam formed by using the up-discharging operation method of the soil-discharging machine in the second type of disposal under the first type of soil-discharging mode body range; ③The range of the dam body formed by the discharge under the second soil discharge mode.)

detailed description

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will describe the present invention more fully. However, the present invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

Different from the single vehicle development and transportation mode, the present invention adopts the vehicle-semi-mobile crushing-belt machine combined development and transportation mode to carry out waste rock dam building, and provides a method for stacking waste rock dams by using the up-discharging function of the soil dumper, which specifically includes : Two dumping modes, the first dumping mode is that the dumping machine directly lifts up the dam to build the dam, and the second dumping mode is that the dumping machine dumps the material nearby, and then uses the excavator and the car to carry it back to fill the dam body.

Further, the operation mode of directly stacking the dam body by the upper row of the earth-moving machine includes the first operation mode of the upper row and the second operation mode of the upper row; The soil dumper follows the upper row of the dam to discharge rocks, and the direction of the rock removal by the soil dumper is generally consistent with the development direction of the dam body (see Figure 1 and Figure 2); , the discharge arm rotates and passes through the upper part of the belt conveyor to discharge rocks (see Figure 4).

In the following, the method for damming the waste rock on the earth moving machine provided by the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with specific examples. Taiyuan Iron and Steel Yuanjiacun Iron Mine adopts waste rock downstream dam construction technology, and the tailings pond is adjacent to the dump site, and the dump site is located downstream of the tailings dam. The initial dam was completed and put into use in August 2012, and the construction of the fourth phase dam (dam crest elevation 1690m) began in 2018. The rubber belt rock drainage system of the footwall dump site was completed and put into use in 2017, using a rectangular soil drainage process, in which the P01 belt conveyor at the tail section is arranged parallel to the axis of the dam. Taking the dam construction of the fourth-stage dam of iron mine tailings in Yuanjiacun, Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. as an example, the specific examples are as follows:

Benchmark example

The fourth phase of the dam needs to be piled up in the traditional single-vehicle direct discharge of waste rocks. A total of 6.3 million tons of rocks need to be discharged, and the transportation distance by car is 7km.

Example

The fourth phase of the dam is built by using the method of discharging waste rocks on the soil dumper, including the following steps:

Step 1: Use the earth dumper to carry out the waste rock dam construction according to the upper row operation mode 1. When the upper row height of the earth dumper reaches 12m, stop the dam construction. The outline of the formed dam body is shown in Figure 6. The specific soil removal process parameters and safety See Table 2 for the distance;

Step 2: Use the soil dumper to continue to discharge waste rocks according to the operation method 2 of the top row, and stop damming when the top row height of the soil dumper reaches 12m. The outline of the formed dam body is shown in Figure 7. The specific soil discharge process parameters and See Table 2 for safety distance;

Step 3: For the stacking work that exceeds the upper row height of the dumper or the maximum dumping width, the second dumping mode is adopted, that is, the dumper is used to drop the material nearby, and then the excavator and the car are used for secondary transportation, and finally the fourth-stage dam is formed (See Figure 8).

Compared with the reference example, about 41% of the rock volume required for the waste rock dam construction of the fourth-stage dam can be directly discharged through the first discharge operation of the soil dumper, and 18% of the rock can be formed through the second discharge operation of the soil dumper. The remaining 41% of the rock volume was formed by direct discharge, and the remaining 41% of the rock volume was completed by dumping machines and cars.

In this embodiment, the cost of rock transportation can be reduced by 19.202 million yuan during the process of discharging waste rocks on the earth-moving machine to build a dam, and the cost reduction rate is 47.73%. Compared with the traditional single-vehicle direct discharge waste rock dam construction method, the cost of waste rock dam rock transportation is reduced by nearly half.

Table 2. The technological parameters and safety distances of the two types of top-discharging operation methods of the soil-discharging machine

The various technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, should be considered as within the scope of this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for building a dam by discharging waste rocks on a soil-discharging machine, characterized in that: it comprises a soil-discharging mode one and a soil-discharging mode two, and the described soil-discharging mode one is to directly pile up a dam body by means of discharging waste rocks on the soil-discharging machine, The second soil discharge mode is to use a soil dumper to discharge waste rocks to prepare materials, and then use an excavator and a car to stack upside down to build a dam. 2. A method for building a dam by discharging waste rocks on the earthmoving machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the operation mode of directly stacking the dam body by discharging waste rocks on the earth moving machine includes upper row operation mode one and upper The second row operation method; the first operation method of the upper row is that the soil dumper is located between the upstream of the belt conveyor and the downstream of the dam body, and the soil dumper follows the upper row of the dam to discharge rocks; the second operation method of the upper row is the soil dumper Located downstream of the belt conveyor, the discharge arm rotates and passes through the upper part of the belt conveyor to discharge the dam and discharge rock. 3. The method for constructing a dam by discharging waste rocks on the top of the earth-moving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the process parameters of the first row operation mode are: the top row of the top row of the earth-moving machine directly stacks the top row of the dam body The height is 12m, the safety distance between the earthmoving machine and the center of the belt conveyor is 10-15m, the safety distance between the center of the belt conveyor and the foot of the upper step is 30-35m, and the safety distance between the earthmoving machine and the foot of the upper step is 5 -10m. 4. The method for building a dam by discharging waste rocks on the top of the earth-moving machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the process parameters of the second operation mode of the upper row are: the upper row of the upper row of the earth-moving machine directly piles up the dam body The height is 12m, the safety distance between the dumper and the center of the belt conveyor is 10-15m, and the safety distance between the center of the belt conveyor and the slope foot of the upper row of steps is 5-10m.

Images