CN115491551A - Aluminum alloy casting and surface treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy casting and surface treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115491551A CN115491551A CN202211180080.4A CN202211180080A CN115491551A CN 115491551 A CN115491551 A CN 115491551A CN 202211180080 A CN202211180080 A CN 202211180080A CN 115491551 A CN115491551 A CN 115491551A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
- C23C18/08—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of metallic material
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy casting, which belongs to the field of metal materials, wherein the mass fraction of each element of the aluminum alloy casting is Mg 2-8%, si 3-12%, cu 1-5%, P0.1-0.5%, mn 1-2%, ni 0.5-1.5%, and the balance is Al, wherein Ni and P are added in the form of Ni3P alloy prepared by chemical plating. The invention also provides a surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy casting, which comprises the steps of polishing and cleaning the aluminum alloy casting, and chemically plating the surface by adopting the chemical plating Ni-P plating solution. According to the invention, part of P elements improve the crystal modification effect of the aluminum alloy, so that the alloy structure is more compact, the wear resistance of the casting is improved, and the service life of the casting is prolonged. The Ni-rich phase particles have spherical morphology and fine size, maintain the high elongation of the aluminum alloy and improve the strength of the alloy. And when the chemical plating Ni-P coating is subsequently carried out, ni3P crystal phase distributed in crystal boundary and matrix crystal grain provides crystal grain nucleation sites and forms a coherent relationship with the coating, thereby greatly improving the binding force and deposition rate of the coating. Wear and corrosion resistance is enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy casting and a surface treatment method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is a light high-strength metal material and is widely applied to various industries. However, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys are not excellent among similar metal materials. Therefore, surface treatment methods such as anodic oxidation and electroplating are widely used for aluminum alloys to improve the quality of their appearance.
The invention patent CN110359045B discloses an aluminum alloy member with a plating layer and a surface treatment method, the aluminum alloy member with the plating layer comprises an aluminum alloy base material, an alloy electroplated layer, a first physical vapor deposition PVD layer and a second PVD layer, and a coherent interface or a semi-coherent interface is formed between the alloy electroplated layer and the first PVD layer; the alloy electroplated layer is arranged between the aluminum alloy base material and the first PVD layer; the first PVD layer is disposed between the aluminum alloy substrate and the second PVD layer. The aluminum alloy component that has the coating that this embodiment provided, it has the alloy plating layer to electroplate on the aluminum alloy base material, there is first PVD layer on the plating layer, there is the second PVD layer on the first PVD layer, first PVD layer is the transition layer, the second PVD layer is the colour layer, interface between alloy plating layer and the transition layer is coherent interface or half coherent interface, this aluminum alloy component rete that has the coating is high, wear-resisting and anti-scratch performance is good, high bright outward appearance effect is pleasing to the eye, simple process, low in production cost.
However, the technology only adopts the design of the plating layer, does not consider the bonding condition between the aluminum alloy body and the plating layer, is different from the stainless steel which contains a large amount of Ni elements, the surface is easy to become the active site of Ni-P alloy, the chemical plating Ni-P is deposited on the surface of the stainless steel in a large amount, the metal elements in the aluminum alloy are not matched with the Ni-P, the Ni-P plating layer is carried out on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and the problem of insufficient bonding force of the coating is needed to be solved due to the coherent relationship of crystal phases.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an aluminum alloy casting, the mass fraction of each element of the aluminum alloy casting is Mg 2-8%, si 3-12%, cu 1-5%, P0.1-0.5%, mn 1-2%, ni 0.5-1.5%, and the balance is Al, wherein Ni and P are Ni prepared by chemical plating 3 Adding the P alloy in a form, and preparing an aluminum alloy casting by adopting vacuum pressure casting.
Further, the raw materials of the aluminum alloy casting are pure aluminum, alMn intermediate alloy, alSi intermediate alloy, alCu, alMg intermediate alloy and Ni 3 And (3) a P alloy.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy casting comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying the raw materials at 120 ℃;
(2) Adding aluminum ingots into a crucible, heating to 720 ℃, adding other intermediate alloys after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature for 20min, and removing slag and ash;
(3) And carrying out standard die casting, wherein the temperature of a die casting die is controlled to be 120 ℃, and the die casting speed is 2.5m/s, so as to prepare the aluminum alloy casting.
The invention also provides a surface treatment method of the aluminum alloy casting, which is characterized in that the aluminum alloy casting is polished and cleaned, and the surface is chemically plated by adopting the chemical plating Ni-P plating solution.
Further, the plating solution of the chemical plating is as follows: containing 35 g/L of Ni 2 SO 4 6H 2 O、20g/L NaH 2 PO 4 Water, 30g/L C 6 H 5 O 7 Na 3 Water, 40g/L NH 4 Cl。
Further, the electroless plating is performed at pH =8 and a temperature of 80-90 ℃.
Further, the chemical plating time is 10min.
Further, after chemical plating, the alloy is annealed at 400 ℃ for 2h.
Has the advantages that:
1. the Ni and P elements of the invention are chemically platedPrepared Ni 3 The P alloy is added into the melt in a form, and part of P elements improve the crystal modification effect of the aluminum alloy, so that the alloy structure is more compact, the wear resistance of the casting is improved, and the service life of the casting is prolonged.
2. The Ni-rich phase particles have spherical morphology and fine size, maintain the high elongation of the aluminum alloy and improve the strength of the alloy. And when the chemical plating Ni-P plating layer is subsequently carried out, ni is distributed in crystal boundary and matrix crystal grains 3 P crystal phase.
3. The technical components of the invention provide crystal grain nucleation sites for chemical plating, and the crystal grain nucleation sites and the coating form a coherent relationship, thereby greatly improving the binding force and the deposition rate of the coating. Wear and corrosion resistance is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the surface morphology of Ni-P electroless plated die-cast aluminum alloy;
FIG. 2 is a surface topography of a die cast aluminum alloy.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
Preparation of die-casting aluminum alloy
1. Pure aluminum, alMn intermediate alloy, alSi intermediate alloy, alCu, alMg intermediate alloy and Ni 3 And drying the P alloy at 120 ℃. The mass fraction ratio is adjusted according to the formula ratio in the following table. Finally Mg 2-8%, si 3-12%, cu 1-5%, P0.1-0.5%, mn 1-2%, ni 0.3-1.5% and Al in balance.
2. Adding aluminum ingots into a crucible, heating to 720 ℃, adding other intermediate alloys after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature for 20min, and removing slag and ash.
3. Carrying out standard test die casting, controlling the temperature of a die casting die at 120 ℃, controlling the die casting speed at 2.5m/s, and finally preparing the Ni-containing alloy 3 A P-phase aluminum alloy die casting.
And finally obtaining the die casting, wherein the mass fraction of elements is as follows:
| composition (I) | Mg | Si | Cu | P | Mn | Ni | Al |
| Example 1 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.9 | Balance of |
| Example 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | Allowance of |
| Example 3 | 2 | 12 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.3 | Allowance of |
| Example 4 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 0.2 | 2 | 0.6 | Balance of |
| Example 5 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | Allowance of |
High-wear-resistance and corrosion-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, mg 2-8%, si 3-12%, cu 1-5%, P0.1-0.5%, mn 1-2%, ni 0.3-1.5%, and the balance of Al, and Al alloy castings are prepared by vacuum pressure casting, wherein Ni prepared by electroless plating of Ni and P elements 3 The P alloy is added into the melt, and partial P elements improve the crystal modification effect of the aluminum alloy, so that the alloy structure is more compact, the wear resistance of the casting is improved, and the service life of the casting is prolonged. As shown in fig. 2, the Ni-rich phase particles are spherical in morphology and fine in size, maintaining the high elongation of the aluminum alloy and improving the strength of the alloy.
And carrying out Ni-P electroless plating on the die casting. Firstly, the surface of the die-casting aluminum alloy is polished by sand paper, the surface oxide layer is removed,the polished aluminum alloy was then cleaned in propanol with ultrasonic waves to remove oil and then cleaned with distilled water. And electroplating the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting a chemical plating Ni-P plating solution. Wherein the plating solution is: the bath contained 35 g/L Ni 2 SO 4 6H 2 O、20g/L NaH 2 PO 4 Water, 30g/L C 6 H 5 O 7 Na 3 Water, 40g/L NH 4 And (4) Cl. The electroless plating solution was used at pH (= 8) and temperature (80-90 ℃). And (4) transferring the aluminum alloy polished and cleaned in the step (3) into an upper plating solution for electroplating for 10min. And (3) annealing the die-casting aluminum alloy with the Ni-P plated surface chemically in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 2h.
As shown in figure 1, when the following aluminum alloy shown in the following table is selected for carrying out chemical plating of the Ni-P coating, if the coating exists, the set chemical plating process is the same, the thickness of the coating is the same, and Ni is distributed in crystal boundary and matrix crystal grains 3 The P crystal phase provides a crystal grain nucleation site for chemical plating, and forms a coherent relationship with the coating, thereby greatly improving the binding force and the deposition rate of the coating.
Test methods-scratch test. By means of a coating adhesion testing instrument (Revetest-RST), a load is continuously applied to the stylus (diamond indenter) by means of an automatic loading mechanism while the sample is moved, and the load change at the moment of scoring, the change in tangential force, is obtained by means of a sensor. Thus obtaining the bonding strength (critical carrier) of the coating and the substrate. The specific parameters are a loading speed of 20N/min, a diamond pressure head is used as a loading pressure head, the cone angle is 120 degrees, and the radius R of the tip is = 0.2 mm. Five positions of the plating were tested and averaged. The test conditions are shown in the table below.
| Examples | Ni 3 P | Coating layer | Corrosion current density/muA/cm 2 | Scratch test adhesion/N |
| Example 6 | 0.3% | Ni-P free coating | 0.12 | Is free of |
| Example 7 | 0.3% | Ni-P coating | 0.39 | 50.5 |
| Example 8 | 0% | Ni-P coating | 0.5 | 35.6 |
| Example 9 | 0.1% | Ni-P coating | 0.45 | 38.5 |
| Example 10 | 0.2% | Ni-P coating | 0.48 | 42.2 |
| Example 11 | 0.5% | Ni-P coating | 0.46 | 43.8 |
By comparison, it was found that the corrosion resistance was poor without the Ni-P plating. If the aluminum alloy body does not contain Ni 3 P, on which only Ni-P plating is performed, is poor in bonding and poor in wear resistance. Presence of Ni in an aluminium alloy body 3 P, and then the plating layer is chemically plated, so that the wear resistance is obviously improved. Wherein 0.3% of Ni 3 The wear resistance is best by adding the plating layer on the basis of P. And example 11,0.5% Ni 3 P, and the same Ni-P plating applied, was found to provide a greater increase in corrosion resistance while maintaining better wear resistance, a preferred embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples to illustrate the implementation possibilities of the present invention, and the specific protection scope is subject to the description of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The aluminum alloy casting is characterized in that the aluminum alloy casting comprises, by mass, 2-8% of Mg, 3-12% of Si, 1-5% of Cu, 0.1-0.5% of P, 1-2% of Mn, 0.5-1.5% of Ni and the balance of Al, wherein Ni and P are Ni prepared by chemical plating 3 P alloy is added in the form of.
2. The aluminum alloy casting of claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy casting is made from pure aluminum, alMn master alloy, alSi master alloy, alCu, alMg master alloy, ni 3 And (3) a P alloy.
3. An aluminium alloy casting according to claim 2, wherein the aluminium alloy casting is produced by a method comprising in particular:
respectively drying the raw materials at 120 ℃;
adding aluminum ingots into a crucible, heating to 720 ℃, adding other intermediate alloys after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, stirring uniformly, keeping the temperature for 20min, and removing slag and ash;
and carrying out standard die casting, wherein the temperature of a die casting die is controlled to be 120 ℃, and the die casting speed is 2.5m/s, so as to prepare the aluminum alloy casting.
4. A surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting is characterized in that the aluminum alloy casting according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is polished and cleaned, and chemical plating is carried out on the surface by adopting a chemical plating Ni-P plating solution.
5. A surface treatment method for an aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, wherein the plating solution for electroless plating is: containing 35 g/L of Ni 2 SO 4 6H 2 O、20g/L NaH 2 PO 4 Water, 30g/L C 6 H 5 O 7 Na 3 Water, 40g/L NH 4 Cl。
6. The surface treatment method for aluminum alloy castings according to claim 4, wherein the electroless plating is performed at a pH =8 and a temperature of 80-90 ℃.
7. A surface treatment method for aluminum alloy castings according to claim 4, characterized in that the electroless plating time is 10min.
8. A surface treatment method of an aluminum alloy casting according to claim 4, characterized in that the aluminum alloy casting is annealed at 400 ℃ for 2 hours after electroless plating.
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| CN202211150020 | 2022-09-21 | ||
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