CN115491504B - Vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system and method for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust - Google Patents
Vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system and method for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust Download PDFInfo
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- CN115491504B CN115491504B CN202211176211.1A CN202211176211A CN115491504B CN 115491504 B CN115491504 B CN 115491504B CN 202211176211 A CN202211176211 A CN 202211176211A CN 115491504 B CN115491504 B CN 115491504B
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical group [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 88
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 229910001308 Zinc ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention provides a vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system and method for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust, wherein the device comprises: the ball material preparation system is used for mixing the steelmaking dust and carbon and additives to prepare dry ball materials; the vacuum reduction tank assembly is used for vacuum heating and reducing the ball material to generate zinc steam; the heating furnace body is coated outside the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for providing a heat source for the vacuum reduction tank assembly; the zinc vapor condensing system is connected to the upper part of the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for condensing zinc vapor and producing crude zinc; the crude zinc refining system is used for refining and purifying crude zinc and cast ingots; the reducing slag magnetic separation recovery system is used for crushing and magnetically separating the reducing slag and is used as a steelmaking raw material. The invention realizes the direct recovery of the pure purification of the metallic zinc in the dust-removing ash, and compared with the traditional method for recovering and preparing the secondary zinc oxide, the method has the advantages of more direct recovery, shorter flow, lower energy consumption and lower furnace temperature, so that the reduction tank assembly has longer service life, and a closed production system is more environment-friendly, and no hazardous waste and solid waste are generated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting, and particularly relates to a vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system and method for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust.
Background
With the increase of scrap steel accumulation in China and the improvement of electric power supply and the proposal of the national 'double carbon' policy, the requirement of short-flow steelmaking-scrap steel smelting is increased in the steelmaking industry, and the clear proposal of the 'implementation scheme for accelerating the comprehensive utilization of industrial resources' is provided in the eight committee joint seal of the department of industrial information of 27 days 1 in 2022: by 2025 it was required to use scrap steel to 3.2 billion tons; the development of electric furnace steelmaking in China will meet the opportunity.
The output of the electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust can reach 1% -2% of the steelmaking charging quantity, and 3.2 hundred million tons of scrap steel can generate 320-640 ten thousand tons of dust, wherein the dust is extremely fine dust, and generally, the particles with the granularity below 20/an account for more than 85% of the total quantity. The chemical components are also complex, besides iron and compounds thereof, various other metal compounds such as zinc, nickel and chromium and a plurality of harmful substances such as lead, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, cyanide and other metals and compounds thereof are also contained, and the smoke dust of the electric furnace is extremely harmful solid waste.
As the proportion of galvanized scrap steel used in the electric furnace steelmaking process is gradually increased, the dust content of the zinc-containing electric furnace is increased. The existing researches show that the annual output of zinc-containing electric furnace dust in China is up to millions of tons, and the subsequent zinc-containing electric furnace dust is more and more, wherein the mass fraction of zinc element reaches about 10% -30%, and the zinc element content of electric furnace dust in some foreign steel plants reaches even up to 40%, so that the zinc-containing electric furnace dust is considered as a potential secondary resource. If zinc and iron elements in the secondary resources are not recycled, not only the waste of metal resources is caused, but also the environment is polluted. Zinc in the electric furnace dust is mainly zinc ferrite (ZnFe) 2 O 4 ) In the form of spinel, the zinc ferrite is of the type with oxygen ions in a compact formThe crystal lattice has larger stability and weak magnetism in a stacking state, and the characteristic increases the recycling difficulty of valuable elements such as zinc, iron and the like in zinc-containing electric furnace dust.
The electric furnace dust is an extremely precious resource, and the following table is used for introducing iron in the electric furnace dust mainly as Fe according to the data 2 0 3 Is present in the form of zinc mainly as zinc ferrite (ZnFe 2 0 3 ) And zinc oxide, other components in ash exist in the form of oxide, the components of a certain unit of electric furnace smoke dust are shown in the following table, zinc ferrite particles have weak magnetism, the surfaces of the zinc ferrite particles can adsorb a large amount of other particles, and meanwhile, zinc oxide and lead oxide are adsorbed on FeO and Fe 2 0 3 The surface of the furnace dust makes the iron in the furnace dust difficult to separate and recycle by physical crushing, magnetic separation and other methods like other iron-containing solid wastes.
Phase composition of electric furnace smoke dust%
In the past, in order to recycle zinc in electric furnace dust, a rotary kiln mode is mostly adopted, and the specific process is as follows: the fly ash is pressed into a fast mixture with a certain proportion of carbon, and is sent into a rotary kiln to realize reduction under the high temperature condition, and the reduction reaction equation is as follows:
ZnO+C＝Zn+CO
the temperature of the rotary kiln is 1200-1300 ℃, the reduced zinc steam volatilizes in the kiln and is oxidized into zinc oxide by air, zinc oxide dust enters a dust remover along with flue gas and is trapped by a cloth bag, and the zinc ash at the moment is zinc oxide containing 60-70% of zinc and contains more impurities, which is called secondary zinc oxide. The secondary zinc oxide is used as a raw material for wet smelting in the zinc smelting industry, and the wet zinc smelting process has the defects that zinc cannot be recovered in high yield, and more than 6% of zinc is still contained in waste residues of the wet zinc smelting, so that the method cannot be suitable for low-grade raw materials; secondly, smelting slag of zinc hydrometallurgy also belongs to dangerous waste and needs further reprocessing.
In the reduction roasting process of the rotary kiln, the reduction degree of materials is difficult to control, so that iron oxide is excessively reduced to form metallic iron, the metallic iron is easy to sinter with other waste residue components in a high-temperature hearth to form a complex metal inclusion, and finally, the hardness of the rotary kiln slag is high, the components are complex, and the subsequent treatment is difficult; on the other hand, in the subsequent stacking and storing process, heavy metals in the rotary kiln slag are easy to pollute the environment; the high-temperature volatilizing method of the rotary kiln has the defects of high energy consumption, high equipment loss, high equipment maintenance cost, serious environmental pollution and the like.
For the characteristics of the electric furnace steelmaking dust removal ash, the electric furnace dust removal ash is classified as dangerous waste by the country, and special units are required for collecting and processing, and the electric furnace dust is mainly processed by landfill or disposal, so that the environment pollution is caused, precious metal resources are wasted, the development of new innovation technology in the aspect of resource utilization is advocated by the fourteen-five planning country, and therefore, the harmless treatment of the electric furnace dust is sought. The comprehensive utilization technology capable of effectively recovering available metals in the steel is very necessary to strive for obtaining both environmental and economic benefits, but up to now, no standard, effective and complete treatment technology exists because the physicochemical properties, components, content and the like of the electric furnace smoke relate to smelting steel types and scrap steel raw materials in the region.
In summary, the electric furnace steelmaking dust belongs to a hazardous waste line, special treatment is required according to hazardous waste, valuable metals such as high zinc and iron are contained in electric furnace steelmaking dust, and the recovery of metals in the traditional electric furnace steelmaking dust is provided with a rotary kiln method, a fuming method, a rotary hearth furnace and the like, but all the existing processes have the defects of long flow and incapability of directly recovering metal zinc, so that new pollution and great waste of resources and energy consumption are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vacuum short-flow zinc recovery system and method for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust, which solve the problems of long recovery flow, high recovery energy consumption, low recovery efficiency and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system for the electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust comprises:
the ball material preparation system is used for mixing the steelmaking dust and carbon and additives to prepare dry ball materials;
the vacuum reduction tank assembly is used for vacuum heating and reducing the ball material to generate zinc steam;
the heating furnace body is coated outside the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for providing a heat source for the vacuum reduction tank assembly;
the zinc vapor condensing system is connected to the upper part of the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for condensing zinc vapor and producing crude zinc;
the crude zinc refining system is used for refining and purifying crude zinc and cast ingots;
the reducing slag magnetic separation recovery system is used for crushing and magnetically separating the reducing slag and is used as a steelmaking raw material.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps:
the carbon monoxide pressure stabilizing and utilizing device is used for collecting and stabilizing carbon monoxide generated by the vacuum reduction tank assembly after the ball material is reduced and providing the carbon monoxide to the heating furnace body as a reaction heat source of the vacuum reduction tank assembly.
Further, the vacuum reduction tank assembly is a stirring type vacuum reduction tank assembly and comprises a reduction tank body, a slag hole with a sealing cover is formed in the lower end of the reduction tank body, a tank body opening is formed in the upper end of the reduction tank body, the zinc vapor condensation system is connected with the upper end of the tank body opening in a sealing mode, the zinc vapor condensation system comprises a condenser shell and a multistage condensation plate arranged in the condenser shell, and an exhaust port and a charging port with sealing are formed in the condenser shell; the reduction tank body is internally provided with a stirring mandrel, the outer wall of the stirring mandrel is provided with a helical blade, the upper end of the stirring mandrel is connected with a rotary driving device through a rotating shaft, the rotary driving device is arranged at the upper end of the condenser shell, and ball materials are filled outside the stirring mandrel through a charging port.
Further, an exhaust inner cylinder is further arranged in the reduction tank body, ball materials are filled in a cavity between the stirring mandrel and the exhaust inner cylinder through a charging hole, a plurality of layers of exhaust holes are formed in the exhaust inner cylinder in a circumferential direction, each exhaust hole is of an inverted triangle structure, and a reaction gas ascending channel is formed between the exhaust inner cylinder and the inner wall of the reduction tank body.
Further, the vacuum reduction tank assembly is a central tube type vacuum reduction tank assembly and comprises a reduction tank body, a slag hole with a sealing cover is arranged at the lower end of the reduction tank body, a tank body opening is arranged at the upper end of the reduction tank body, the zinc vapor condensation system is connected with the upper end of the tank body opening in a sealing manner and comprises a condenser shell and a multistage condensation disc arranged in the condenser shell, and an exhaust port and a charging port with sealing are arranged on the condenser shell; the reduction tank is characterized in that a central tube is fixedly arranged in the reduction tank body, the central tube is of a hollow structure, the upper end of the central tube is provided with a central tube opening, a plurality of layers of gas collecting holes are formed in the central tube, and a reaction gas ascending channel is formed in the central tube.
Further, the ball material preparation system comprises an electronic batching device, a multi-stage mixing device, a ball pressing machine and a ball material baking intervention heat engine.
Further, the condenser shell is externally connected with a forced air cooling device, a natural air cooling device or a water cooling device.
Further, the heating furnace body is of a chamber-shaped heating furnace or a well-shaped heating furnace in the structural type; the type of the heat source of the heating furnace body is a gas heating furnace or an electric heating furnace.
The vacuum short-flow zinc collecting method for the electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust comprises the following steps:
mixing the steelmaking dust with carbon and additives in proportion, and pressing balls to prepare dry ball materials;
heating and reducing the ball material in a vacuum environment to generate zinc steam;
condensing zinc vapor, and producing and collecting crude zinc;
refining, purifying and casting ingot on the crude zinc;
crushing and magnetic separating the reducing slag, and taking the metal iron and the ferric oxide after magnetic separation as steelmaking raw materials.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the pellets are heated and reduced in a vacuum environment to generate carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide is collected and stabilized in pressure and then used as fuel to provide a heat source for the pellets.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention realizes the direct recovery of the pure purification of the metallic zinc in the dust-removing ash, and compared with the traditional method for recovering and preparing the secondary zinc oxide, the invention realizes the same-process double recovery of the metallic zinc and the iron simple substance in a vacuum state at the heating temperature of 1000-1200 ℃, has lower energy consumption and lower furnace temperature of vacuum reduction, ensures that a reduction tank assembly has longer service life, is more environment-friendly in a closed production system, and has no hazardous waste and solid waste.
2. One embodiment of the invention is provided with a carbon monoxide pressure stabilizing and utilizing device which is used for collecting and then stabilizing the pressure of the byproduct carbon monoxide produced by the vacuum reduction tank assembly after the ball material is reduced and providing the carbon monoxide to the heating furnace body, and the carbon monoxide pressure stabilizing and utilizing device is used as a reaction heat source of the vacuum reduction tank assembly, so that the energy consumption is saved and the emission of toxic gas is avoided;
3. the vacuum reduction tank assembly of one embodiment of the invention is a stirring type vacuum reduction tank assembly, and is provided with a stirring mandrel for stirring materials, so that the heating uniformity and the thoroughly reduction of the materials are achieved, and the high-efficiency and limit recovery of low-grade materials is achieved.
4. In order to realize effective discharge of the reduction steam, an embodiment of the invention is characterized in that an exhaust inner cylinder is further arranged in the reduction tank body, a plurality of layers of exhaust holes with inverted triangle structures are annularly arranged on the exhaust inner cylinder, a reaction gas ascending channel is formed between the exhaust inner cylinder and the inner wall of the reduction tank body, and the exhaust hole structure with the inverted triangle structures also avoids ash inlet blockage.
It is, of course, not necessary for all of the above advantages to be achieved simultaneously in the practice of the various aspects of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments of the drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stirring vacuum reduction tank assembly according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an expanded structure of an exhaust inner barrel according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an exhaust inner barrel;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a center tube type vacuum reduction tank assembly according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the expanded structure of the central tube according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-reduction tank body, a 2-charging port, a 3-exhaust port, a 4-exhaust inner cylinder, a 5-stirring mandrel, a 6-ball material, a 7-exhaust hole, an 8-condenser shell, a 9-multistage condensing disc, a 10-rotating shaft, an 11-rotation driving device, 12-spiral blades, 13-sealing covers, 14-heating furnace bodies, 15-central pipes and 16-air collecting holes.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. The drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
In the description of this patent, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the patent and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the patent.
In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected, disposed, for example. The specific meaning of the terms in this patent will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a device for recycling zinc and iron in electric furnace steelmaking dust by utilizing vacuum carbothermic reduction technology, which has the thermodynamic principle that: uniformly mixing the fly ash and carbon according to a certain proportion, pressing into balls, placing the prepared balls into a closed metal tank, heating the metal tank in a chamber-shaped heating furnace or a well-type electric furnace, controlling the heating temperature to be 1000-1200 ℃, and mainly comprising the following components of the electric furnace steelmaking fly ash: iron oxide, zinc oxide and zinc ferrite are reduced at high temperature, and the zinc ferrite is decomposed and then reduced, and the reduction reaction is as follows:
ZnO+C→Zn+CO
Fe 2 O 3 →Fe 3 O 4 →Fe
ZnFe 2 O 4 →ZnO+Zn+Fe 3 O 4 →Fe
the final reaction product becomes elemental zinc and iron and oxides of iron.
The vacuum reduction is characterized in that the reduction temperature can be reduced, the temperature is 100-200 ℃ lower than the working condition temperature required by the reduction under normal pressure, meanwhile, oxygen is isolated under the vacuum condition, zinc steam as a reaction product cannot be oxidized, and practice proves that the purity of the condensed zinc steam under the vacuum condition can reach more than 96%.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system for electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust, which mainly comprises: the device comprises a ball material preparation system, a vacuum reduction tank assembly, a heating furnace body, a zinc vapor condensing system, a crude zinc refining system, a reducing slag magnetic separation recovery system and a carbon monoxide pressure stabilizing utilization device.
The ball material preparation system comprises an electronic batching device, a multi-stage mixing device, a ball pressing machine and a ball material drying preheater, and is used for sequentially batching, mixing, ball pressing and ball material preheating of steelmaking dust, carbon and additives to finally obtain the dried ball material.
Referring to fig. 2, the vacuum reduction tank assembly is used for vacuum heating reduction of the pellets to generate zinc vapor; specifically, the vacuum reduction tank assembly in this embodiment is a stirring type vacuum reduction tank assembly, which includes a reduction tank body 1, the reduction tank body 1 is of a hollow long cylinder structure, the lower end of the reduction tank body is a slag hole, the slag hole is of a conical opening structure, and the slag hole is provided with an openable sealing cover 13; the upper end of the reduction tank 1 is provided with a tank opening, and the upper end of the tank opening is hermetically connected with a zinc vapor condensing system; referring to fig. 3 and 4, in this embodiment, an exhaust inner cylinder 4 is further disposed in the reduction tank body 1, fig. 3 is a schematic drawing of the exhaust inner cylinder 4 along the expansion path thereof, ball materials 6 are filled into a cavity between the stirring mandrel 5 and the exhaust inner cylinder 4 through the charging port 2, multiple layers of exhaust holes 7 are circumferentially formed in the exhaust inner cylinder 4, each exhaust hole 7 has an inverted triangle structure, and a reaction gas rising channel is formed between the exhaust inner cylinder 4 and the inner wall of the reduction tank body 1; the zinc vapor condensing system is used for condensing zinc vapor and producing crude zinc, in the embodiment, the zinc vapor condensing system comprises a condenser shell 8 and a multistage condensing disc 9 arranged in the condenser shell 8, the condenser shell 8 can be externally connected with a forced air cooling device, a natural air cooling device or a water cooling device, the multistage condensing disc 9 can be used for completing condensation of different metal in different temperature areas, purification and regional recovery of different metals are achieved, an exhaust port 3 with a seal and a charging port 2 are arranged on the condenser shell 8, the exhaust port 3 is used for being connected with a vacuum pump or being connected with a carbon monoxide steady-pressure utilization device through the vacuum pump, and vacuumizing or collecting and steady-pressure reutilizing of reaction byproduct carbon monoxide are completed, and the charging port 2 is used for filling balls 6 in an exhaust inner cylinder 4. The stirring mandrel 5 is arranged in the longitudinal center of the reduction tank body 1, the upper end of the stirring mandrel 5 is connected with the rotary driving device 11 through the rotary shaft 10, the rotary driving device 11 can drive the stirring mandrel 5 to rotate along the longitudinal axis of the stirring mandrel 5, the spiral blades 12 are arranged on the outer wall of the stirring mandrel 2, the stirring mandrel 2 with the spiral blades 12 can stir the spherical materials 6 better, the heating uniformity and the thoroughly reduction of the spherical materials 6 are realized, and the effective and limit recovery of the spherical materials 3 are achieved; the rotary driving device 11 comprises a rotary motor and a speed reducer, the rotary driving device 11 is arranged at the upper end of the condenser shell 8, and the rotary shaft 10 passes through the center of the condenser shell 8 in a sealing way and is connected with the stirring mandrel 2.
The heating furnace body 14 is coated outside the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for providing a heat source for the vacuum reduction tank assembly; the structure type of the heating furnace body can be a chamber-shaped heating furnace or a well-type heating furnace; the type of heat source of the heating furnace body can be selected from a gas heating furnace or an electric heating furnace.
The crude zinc refining system comprises a refining furnace and a continuous casting machine and is used for refining and purifying crude zinc and cast ingots;
the reducing slag magnetic separation recovery system comprises a crusher and a magnetic separator, and is used for crushing and magnetically separating the reducing slag, and the magnetically separated metallic iron and ferric oxide are used as iron-making raw materials. The main components of the residual slag are excessive carbon and impurities, and the residual slag can be recycled and reused as a reducing agent.
Referring to fig. 1, the following describes the specific operation of the present embodiment:
mixing smoke dust, carbon and additives according to a certain proportion, pressing into balls, drying the balls by using the waste heat of the vacuum reduction tank assembly, then sending the balls into the vacuum reduction tank assembly for heating and reducing under vacuum, condensing the reduced zinc steam into coarse zinc and zinc powder in a condenser, sending the coarse zinc and the zinc powder into a refining process for refining, and then casting the ingots for storage. The deoxidized slag after dezincification is mainly ferric oxide and simple substance iron, and is used as iron-making raw material after crushing and magnetic separation. Collecting refined zinc oxide slag, ingot skin and zinc oxide powder produced by reduction, and then re-preparing carbon and pressing balls for re-reduction. Surplus carbon remains after the magnetic separation of the reducing slag, and the surplus carbon is recycled and reused as a reducing agent. Therefore, the invention can complete the collection work with full cyclic utilization, innocuity and no waste.
Wherein, the balls are sent into a vacuum reduction tank assembly for heating reduction under vacuum, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the balls are filled into an exhaust inner cylinder in a reduction tank body through a charging port, and in order to realize uniform heating of the balls in the exhaust inner cylinder, a stirring mandrel for stirring the balls is arranged in the embodiment, and after the balls are filled, all valves and sealing covers of an inlet and an outlet are closed. Starting a vacuum valve connected with an exhaust port after sealing, and discharging residual gas in a reduction tank body from the exhaust port to reach a vacuum state required by reduction, wherein the reduction tank body can reduce the furnace temperature after being charged due to continuous operation in industrial production, the temperature reduction range is about 100 ℃, the temperature in the furnace is required to be raised while stirring the material balls, when the material balls reach the temperature required by reduction, the material balls start to perform reduction reaction, and at the moment, a mixed gas of metal zinc and carbon monoxide is generated in the reduction tank body, and the metal zinc is in a steam state due to the fact that the furnace temperature is higher than the vaporization temperature of the metal zinc; the mixed gas of zinc vapor and carbon monoxide moves upwards through a reaction gas ascending channel formed between an exhaust inner cylinder and the inner wall of a reduction tank body under the action of vacuum pumping force, a zinc vapor condensing system is arranged at the upper part of a vacuum reduction tank assembly, the zinc vapor condensing system is arranged outside a heating furnace body and is non-heating areas, the zinc vapor is condensed into liquid or solid when passing through the zinc vapor condensing system and is stored in a multistage condensing disc, carbon monoxide gas is discharged along with a vacuum pump through an exhaust port, and the discharged carbon monoxide gas is collected and can be used as fuel for heating and heat preservation of a heating furnace. Under the action of the stirring mandrel, the balls in the vacuum reduction tank assembly are completely and uniformly heated and completely reduced, at the moment, the metallic zinc is condensed and collected, and the iron is reduced into elemental iron or ferric oxide and exists in the slag; after the reduction of the balls in the vacuum reduction tank assembly is completed, vacuum is closed, nitrogen or argon is used for breaking vacuum, zinc in the zinc steam condensation system is cooled, a cover is opened to take out metallic zinc, then a stirring mandrel is lifted, a sealing cover is opened to discharge reducing slag from a slag outlet to a slag box, the whole reduction process is finished, and the processes of charging, reduction, zinc collection and slag discharge are restarted, so that the periodic work realizes continuous production.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 4 to 6, unlike embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the vacuum reduction tank assembly is a central tube type vacuum reduction tank assembly, which includes a reduction tank body 1, a slag hole with a sealing cover 13 is also provided at the lower end of the reduction tank body 1, the upper end of the reduction tank body 1 is a tank body opening, a zinc vapor condensing system is hermetically connected to the upper end of the tank body opening, the zinc vapor condensing system includes a condenser housing 8 and a multi-stage condensing disc 9 provided in the condenser housing 8, and an exhaust port 3 with a sealing and a charging port 2 are provided on the condenser housing 8; the reduction tank body 1 is internally and fixedly provided with a central tube 15, the central tube 15 is of a hollow tubular structure, the upper end of the central tube is provided with a central tube opening, the central tube is provided with a plurality of layers of gas collecting holes 16, a ball material 6 is filled between the central tube 15 and the reduction tank body 1, and a reaction gas rising channel is formed in the central tube 15.
In this embodiment, the central tube structure is adopted to replace the stirring mandrel in embodiment 1, and a plurality of air collecting holes 16 are formed in the central tube 15 for exhausting, and the central tube 15 is in a fixed structure, so that the manufacturing cost is lower. However, the reduction efficiency and reduction yield of the center tube structure are somewhat inferior to those of the stirring shaft structure. The reduction period is relatively longer.
It should be noted that, in other embodiments, a person skilled in the art may combine the central tube structure with the stirring mandrel, i.e. arrange a certain spiral structure on the central tube structure, by
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, based on the idea of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system for the electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust is characterized by comprising the following components:
the ball material preparation system is used for mixing the steelmaking dust and carbon and additives to prepare dry ball materials;
the vacuum reduction tank assembly is used for vacuum heating and reducing the ball material to generate zinc steam;
the vacuum reduction tank assembly is a stirring type vacuum reduction tank assembly or a central tube type vacuum reduction tank assembly; the stirring type vacuum reduction tank assembly comprises a reduction tank body, wherein a slag hole with a sealing cover is formed in the lower end of the reduction tank body, a tank body opening is formed in the upper end of the reduction tank body, a zinc vapor condensation system is connected to the upper end of the tank body opening in a sealing mode, the zinc vapor condensation system comprises a condenser shell and a multistage condensation disc arranged in the condenser shell, and an exhaust port and a charging port with sealing are formed in the condenser shell; the reduction tank body is internally provided with a stirring mandrel, the outer wall of the stirring mandrel is provided with a helical blade, the upper end of the stirring mandrel is connected with a rotary driving device through a rotating shaft, the rotary driving device is arranged at the upper end of the condenser shell, and ball materials are filled outside the stirring mandrel through a charging port;
an exhaust inner cylinder is further arranged in the reduction tank body, ball materials are filled in a cavity between the stirring mandrel and the exhaust inner cylinder through a charging port, a plurality of layers of exhaust holes are formed in the exhaust inner cylinder in a circumferential direction, each exhaust hole is of an inverted triangle structure, and a reaction gas rising channel is formed between the exhaust inner cylinder and the inner wall of the reduction tank body;
the heating furnace body is coated outside the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for providing a heat source for the vacuum reduction tank assembly;
the zinc vapor condensing system is connected to the upper part of the vacuum reduction tank assembly and is used for condensing zinc vapor and producing crude zinc;
the crude zinc refining system is used for refining and purifying crude zinc and cast ingots;
the reducing slag magnetic separation recovery system is used for crushing and magnetically separating the reducing slag to be used as a steelmaking raw material;
the carbon monoxide pressure stabilizing and utilizing device is used for collecting and stabilizing carbon monoxide generated by the vacuum reduction tank assembly after the ball material is reduced and providing the carbon monoxide to the heating furnace body as a reaction heat source of the vacuum reduction tank assembly.
2. The electric furnace steelmaking smoke dust vacuum short-flow zinc collecting system according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum reduction tank assembly is a central tube type vacuum reduction tank assembly and comprises a reduction tank body, a slag hole with a sealing cover is arranged at the lower end of the reduction tank body, a tank opening is arranged at the upper end of the reduction tank body, the zinc steam condensing system is connected with the upper end of the tank opening in a sealing manner, the zinc steam condensing system comprises a condenser shell and a multi-stage condensing disc arranged in the condenser shell, and an exhaust port and a charging port with sealing are arranged on the condenser shell; the reduction tank is characterized in that a central tube is fixedly arranged in the reduction tank body, the central tube is of a hollow structure, the upper end of the central tube is provided with a central tube opening, a plurality of layers of gas collecting holes are formed in the central tube, and a reaction gas ascending channel is formed in the central tube.
3. The electric furnace steelmaking dust vacuum short-process zinc collection system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ball material preparation system comprises an electronic batching device, a multi-stage mixing device, a ball press and a ball material baking intervention heat engine.
4. The short-flow zinc receiving system for electric furnace steelmaking dust and smoke vacuum according to claim 3, wherein the condenser shell is externally connected with a forced air cooling device, a natural air cooling device or a water cooling device.
5. The electric furnace steelmaking dust vacuum short-process zinc collection system according to claim 4, wherein the heating furnace body is of a chamber-shaped heating furnace or a well-shaped heating furnace; the type of the heat source of the heating furnace body is a gas heating furnace or an electric heating furnace.
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| WO2001012866A1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2001-02-22 | Chengzhang Lai | Pyrometallurgy of zinc and closed furnace for zinc smelting |
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| WO2017014204A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社テツゲン | Method and apparatus for recovering zinc and iron from electric furnace dust |
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| CN114892026A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-12 | 五台云海镁业有限公司 | Improved Pidgeon magnesium smelting production process |
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| WO2001012866A1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2001-02-22 | Chengzhang Lai | Pyrometallurgy of zinc and closed furnace for zinc smelting |
| CN101430163A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2009-05-13 | 株洲火炬工业炉有限责任公司 | Multicenter burner gas distributer for short-process reduction zinc powder fabrication |
| WO2017014204A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社テツゲン | Method and apparatus for recovering zinc and iron from electric furnace dust |
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