CN115491333A - Microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the microbial agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum with the total colony number of 12.0 x 109cfu/mL, pseudomonas fluorescens with the total colony number of 12.0 x 109cfu/mL, arthrobacter with the total colony number of 12.0 x 109cfu/mL, bacillus polymyxa with the total colony number of 12.0 x 109cfu/m, bacillus subtilis with the total colony number of 8.0 x 108cfu/mL, bacillus megaterium with the total colony number of 8.0 x 108cfu/mL, bacillus licheniformis with the total colony number of 8.0 x 108cfu/mL, bacillus laterosporus with the total colony number of not less than 1.0 x 108cfu/mL and bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the total colony number of not less than 1.0 x 108 cfu/mL. The microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf disease has reasonable strain combination and high efficiency, has both spore bacteria and non-spore bacteria, and does not generate the phenomena of mutual antagonism and inhibition between strains and influence on respective growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural microbiology and plant protection, in particular to a microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Ginger is a perennial herb of Zingiberaceae and Zingiber, is also an important economic vegetable crop used as both medicine and food, and is cultivated in Asia, africa, south America and other areas. China is one of the main producing countries of ginger, and the main producing areas are provinces such as Shandong, henan, sichuan and Yunnan, are supporting crops of agricultural economy in planting areas, are important seasoning vegetables and nutritional vegetables in China, and have high export value. With the continuous progress of agricultural science and technology in sowing, fertilizing and the like in China, the ginger planting gradually forms large-scale and industrialized production.
The realization of industrial production of ginger mainly depends on the use of various fertilizers and pesticides besides the enlargement of planting scale, however, the excessive and unreasonable use of fertilizers and pesticides becomes a common phenomenon in agricultural production, and the practice causes serious problems. The high energy consumption production of chemical fertilizers has low efficacy in the use process, and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers provides continuous nutrient substances for plants to absorb and grow, which causes great economic loss and easily causes serious pollution to soil, atmosphere and water environment. The unreasonable phenomena of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and an agricultural fertilization structure commonly exist in ginger planting, firstly, soil hardening and acidification are increased, rooting and sprouting of the ginger are hindered due to the soil hardening, the fertilizer utilization rate is reduced, crop breathing is difficult, growth is hindered, crop continuous cropping is hindered, and the yield and the quality of the ginger are finally reduced. Particularly, pesticides and chemical fertilizers can kill a large amount of beneficial bacteria in soil, so that the micro-ecological environment of the soil is seriously unbalanced, the progress of the microbial community of the continuous cropping soil from bacterial soil to fungal soil is accelerated, the growth inhibition, antagonism and killing effects of the beneficial bacteria in the soil on disease bacteria are weakened, the health of the soil is reduced, and the morbidity of various bacterial, fungal and nematode diseases of ginger is gradually increased. In recent years, ginger diseases are commonly caused, the yield of light people is reduced by a small amount, the yield of heavy people is reduced by half, and even dead people are produced, so that the quality and the yield of the ginger are seriously reduced, great loss is caused to agricultural production, and the condition is closely related to the phenomenon of unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In ginger planting and continuous cropping production, serious diseases mainly occur in roots, stems and leaves, including stem rot, spot, nematode and mosaic of ginger, and especially the incidence of leaf diseases tends to rise year after year, which is one of the important reasons for the decrease of quality and yield of ginger.
The main diseases of ginger leaves are four:
1. the ginger leaf blight is mainly characterized in that the damaged leaves generate yellow brown blight spots and gradually expand to the whole leaf surface to cause the leaves to become brown and withered;
2. jiang Bandian, which is mainly characterized in that the affected leaves have yellow-white oval or irregular spots, are accompanied by a plurality of dispersed small black spots and cause partial or complete withering of the leaves;
3. jiang Tanju, which is mainly characterized in that infected leaves generate green spots with a nearly circular or irregular wet shape, the green spots are developed into large spots with irregular shapes, and finally the leaves are dried and shed;
4. the ginger eye spot disease is mainly characterized in that the infected leaves form brown spots, the spots are expanded into fusiform eyes, and dark gray to black mildew-like substances are generated on two sides of the leaves. The ginger leaf diseases are all caused by fungi, and pathogenic bacteria mainly live through the winter in soil along with disease residues and are spread by wind, rain, insects or farming operations. The high-temperature and high-humidity conditions are favorable for the occurrence of diseases; the ginger leaf diseases of continuous cropping, over-dense planting, poor ventilation, excessive nitrogen fertilizer and overgrown plants in the field are particularly serious; the low topography and the slimy texture are also beneficial to the occurrence of ginger leaf diseases.
In any crop growth process, leaf surfaces are required to be subjected to photosynthesis to provide energy required by growth, so that the ginger can be used as the edible part of the ginger, and the ginger leaf surfaces are used for providing energy for the roots, so that sufficient attention should be paid to pest and disease control of the ginger leaf surfaces in ginger planting. For a long time, the technology for controlling the ginger foliar diseases mainly comprises the following steps: crop rotation, soil fumigation, selection of disease-resistant varieties, application of chemical pesticides for seed soaking, root irrigation, spraying and the like. Because the breeding period of the disease-resistant variety of the ginger is long, the pesticide, particularly the chemical pesticide, plays a great role in preventing and treating the soil-borne diseases of the crops due to the characteristics of quick response, low cost, wide bactericidal spectrum and the like. However, a series of disadvantages are caused by long-term, repeated and large-scale use of chemical pesticides, such as environmental pollution of soil, water and the like, and serious quality reduction of ginger caused by increase of pesticide residues in ginger, so that the food safety problem is increasingly aggravated.
Biological control is used as a new control method, which not only can reduce the environmental pollution caused by chemical pesticides, but also can solve the defects of long screening period and single disease resistance of disease-resistant ginger seeds. The compound microbial agent is an environment-friendly disease control microbial agent, and selected microbial strains mainly come from plant tissues (roots, stems, leaves, bulbs and the like) and beneficial bacteria in rhizosphere soil, can reconstruct soil microecological imbalance, reduce or eliminate the transformation progress of a continuous cropping soil microbial zone system from bacterial soil to fungal soil, strengthen the growth inhibition and killing effects of the beneficial bacteria in the soil on disease bacteria, and greatly improve the health of the soil. Thereby effectively preventing and controlling bacterial, fungal and nematode diseases and insect pests of the ginger, particularly the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, simultaneously improving the nutrient structure and physicochemical property of soil, keeping ecological balance, promoting plant growth, reducing continuous cropping obstacles of crops, and improving the quality and the yield of the ginger. The reasons for causing various plant diseases and insect pests of the ginger are extremely complex, the ginger is infected by bacteria and fungi or other pathogens, the technical problems in the seedling selection and cultivation process are also involved, the ginger leaf diseases are all caused by fungal infection, although the performances of different leaf diseases including ginger leaf blight, jiang Bandian disease, ginger anthracnose, ginger eye spot and the like are different, the ginger health growth is seriously threatened, and the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases in the prior art only aims at certain disease, and a compound microbial agent specially designed for comprehensively preventing and treating various leaf diseases of the ginger is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases, and a preparation method and application thereof, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a microbial preparation for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases comprises 12.0 × 10 total bacterial colonies 9 Lactobacillus plantarum cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 Pseudomonas fluorescens cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 Arthrobacter cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 cfu/m of Bacillus polymyxa, total number of colonies 8.0X 10 8 Bacillus subtilis in cfu/mL, the total number of colonies is 8.0 × 10 8 Bacillus megaterium cfu/mL, total number of colonies 8.0X 10 8 cfu/mL of Bacillus licheniformis, the total number of colonies is not less than 1.0 × 10 8 Bacillus laterosporus of cfu/mL and the total number of colonies is not less than 1.0X 10 8 cfu/mL of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
A preparation method of a microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing slant culture;
(2) First-stage seed liquid culture;
(3) Culturing the second-level seed liquid;
(4) Fermenting and culturing the mixed solution;
(5) The microbial inoculum is mixed with auxiliary agents and other organic matters.
Preferably, in the slant culture in the step (1), lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas fluorescens, arthrobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterospora and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are respectively inoculated into a slant culture medium and cultured for 48 to 72 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 37 ℃ to activate the strains.
Preferably, in the first-stage seed liquid culture in the step (2), the strain strains activated in the step (1) are respectively inoculated into 200ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing a liquid culture medium under the aseptic condition, and shake culture is carried out for 48 to 72 hours under the condition of 30 to 37 ℃ to carry out first-stage amplification culture.
Preferably, in the step (3), the primary seed solution obtained in the step (2) is inoculated into 1000ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10% respectively, shake cultivation is carried out for 48-72 hours at 30-37 ℃, secondary amplification culture is carried out, and counting is carried out by using a microscope counting method or an ultraviolet spectrophotometer method after the cultivation is finished, so that the concentration of each strain reaches the required concentration basic value.
Preferably, in the step (4), the second seed culture broth of 8 strains obtained in the step (3) is mixed and inoculated into a fermentation tank containing a liquid medium, and further subjected to amplification culture, and the mixture is cultured at 30 to 37 ℃ for 48 to 72 hours.
Preferably, when the microbial inoculum is mixed with the auxiliary agent and other organic matters in the step (5), the bacterial liquid obtained by mixing and fermenting in the step (4), the auxiliary agent and the organic matter carrier are mixed according to the ratio of (2): 4:4 to obtain the compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
Preferably, the medium components of the slant medium in the step (1), the liquid medium in the step (2) and the step (3) are 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of sodium chloride and 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH of the medium is 7.0-7.2.
Preferably, the liquid culture medium in the step (4) is prepared from the components including an additive and an organic matter carrier, wherein the additive is molasses, the carrier is the organic matter carrier, and the organic matter carrier comprises 30% of potassium fulvate, 30% of potassium humate and 40% of compound amino acid.
Preferably, the microbial agent is used for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
Compared with the prior art, the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases and the preparation method and the application thereof have the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the strains in the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases are reasonably combined, the effect is high, the microbial agent is provided with the spore bacteria and the non-spore bacteria, and the phenomena of mutual antagonism and inhibition among the strains and influence on respective growth cannot occur.
The application method of the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf disease comprises the steps of mixing fertilizers and applying the mixture to soil, surface spraying and leaf surface spraying, a large amount of beneficial bacteria are supplemented for a soil microenvironment for ginger growth after the application, a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and other necessary organic matters are supplemented for soil and ginger growth, the addition of the beneficial bacteria builds a soil micro-ecological environment for ginger growth, the transformation progress of a continuous cropping soil microbial community from bacterial soil to fungal soil is reduced or eliminated, the growth inhibition and killing effects of the beneficial bacteria on the disease bacteria by the soil are enhanced, the health of the soil is greatly improved, particularly, various fungi causing the ginger leaf disease can be effectively inhibited and killed, and the fungal leaf disease of the ginger can be prevented and treated.
Thirdly, various beneficial bacteria contained in the microbial inoculant for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases can form an effective disease prevention protective barrier around the ginger root system, inhibit the growth and propagation of harmful bacteria, protect the ginger root system, and inhibit other various diseases and insect pests, so that the stress resistance of the ginger in various aspects of bacteria resistance, disease and insect pest resistance and the like is improved.
Fourthly, beneficial bacteria in the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases generate various beneficial metabolites in the fermentation process, and have the functions of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, and a large number of beneficial bacteria metabolites and humic acid, fulvic acid, compound amino acid and the like added in the microbial agent generate nutrition superposition effect, so that rich nutrition is provided for the growth of Jiang Jiankang and the rapid growth, and particularly the microbial agent is used as a compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases, wherein bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa and the like can generate various antibiotics and bacteriocins such as bacitracin, polymyxin and the like in the metabolism process, and the antibiotics and bacteriocins can generate effective killing effect on disease bacteria.
After beneficial bacteria in the microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases are colonized at the rhizosphere, the microbial agent can improve the micro-ecological environment of ginger planting soil, improve the soil structure and physicochemical properties, increase the total porosity of the soil, improve the water retention of the soil, reduce the continuous cropping obstacle of ginger and other crops, and improve the biological yield and quality of the ginger.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Slant culture: respectively inoculating lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas fluorescens, arthrobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterospora and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to a special slant culture medium, culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃, and activating the strains.
(2) Primary seed liquid culture: respectively inoculating the activated strains in the step (1) into 200ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing special liquid culture media under the aseptic condition, performing shake culture at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ for 48-72 hours, and performing first-stage amplification culture.
(3) Secondary seed liquid culture: and (3) respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid obtained in the step (2) into 1000ml triangular flasks containing special liquid culture media according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing shake culture at 30-37 ℃ for 48-72 hours, performing secondary amplification culture, and counting by using a microscope counting method or an ultraviolet spectrophotometer after the culture is finished so that the concentration of each strain reaches the required concentration basic value.
(4) Fermentation culture of mixed liquor: and (4) mixing the secondary seed culture bacterial liquid of the 8 strains obtained in the step (3) and inoculating the mixture into a fermentation tank of a special liquid culture medium, further carrying out amplification culture, and culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃.
(5) Mixing the microbial inoculum with auxiliary agents and other organic matters: and (3) mixing the bacterial liquid obtained by mixed fermentation in the step (4) with an auxiliary agent and an organic carrier in a ratio of 2:4:4, thereby obtaining the compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
(6) The application in the seeding period of the ginger comprises the following steps: the compound microbial inoculum is diluted by 200 times by water, namely 1kg per mu, added with 200kg of water, uniformly mixed, fully sprayed on the placed ginger seed buds and the soil around the ginger seed buds, covered with soil, mixed with soil or mixed with fertilizer (namely uniformly mixed with the compound microbial inoculum by stirring), applied to the soil, and used for establishing the microecological balance of the soil by utilizing a plurality of strains in the microbial inoculum so as to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and the pathogenic bacteria overwintering in the soil can be killed by antibacterial substances generated by the plurality of strains.
Example 2
(1) Slant culture: respectively inoculating lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas fluorescens, arthrobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterospora and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to a special slant culture medium, culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃, and activating the strains.
(2) Primary seed liquid culture: respectively inoculating the activated strains in the step (1) into 200ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing special liquid culture media under the aseptic condition, performing shake culture at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ for 48-72 hours, and performing first-stage amplification culture.
(3) Secondary seed liquid culture: and (3) respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid obtained in the step (2) into 1000ml of triangular flasks containing special liquid culture media according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing shake culture at 30-37 ℃ for 48-72 hours, performing secondary amplification culture, and counting by using a microscope counting method or an ultraviolet spectrophotometer after the culture is finished so that the concentration of each strain reaches the required concentration basic value.
(4) Fermentation culture of mixed liquor: and (4) mixing the secondary seed culture bacterial liquid of the 8 strains obtained in the step (3) and inoculating the mixture into a fermentation tank of a special liquid culture medium, further carrying out amplification culture, and culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃.
(5) Mixing the microbial inoculum with an auxiliary agent and other organic matters: and (3) mixing the bacterial liquid obtained by mixed fermentation in the step (4) with an auxiliary agent and an organic carrier in a ratio of 2:4:4, thereby obtaining the compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
(6) The application in the seeding period of the ginger comprises the following steps: the compound microbial inoculum is diluted by 200 times by water, namely 1kg per mu, added with 200kg of water, uniformly mixed, fully sprayed on the placed ginger seed buds and the soil around the ginger seed buds, covered with soil, mixed with soil or mixed with fertilizer (namely uniformly mixed with the compound microbial inoculum by stirring), applied to the soil, and used for establishing the microecological balance of the soil by utilizing a plurality of strains in the microbial inoculum so as to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and the pathogenic bacteria overwintering in the soil can be killed by antibacterial substances generated by the plurality of strains.
(7) The application in the small earthing-up period of the ginger comprises the following steps: the compound microbial inoculum is diluted by 300 times by water, namely 1kg per mu, added with 300kg of water, and evenly sprayed on the soil surface or the stem base part of the ginger plant after mixing.
Example 3
(1) Slant culture: respectively inoculating lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas fluorescens, arthrobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterospora and bacillus amyloliquefaciens to a special slant culture medium, culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃, and activating the strains.
(2) Primary seed liquid culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step 1 into 200ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing special liquid culture media under the aseptic condition, performing shake culture at the temperature of 30-37 ℃ for 48-72 hours, and performing first-stage amplification culture.
(3) Secondary seed liquid culture: inoculating the first-stage seed liquid into 1000ml triangular flask containing special liquid culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, shake culturing at 30-37 deg.C for 48-72 hr, performing second-stage amplification culture, and counting with microscope or ultraviolet spectrophotometer to make the concentration of each strain reach the required basic concentration value.
(4) Fermentation culture of mixed liquor: and (3) mixing the secondary seed culture bacterial liquid of the 8 strains obtained in the step (3) and inoculating the mixture into a fermentation tank of a special liquid culture medium, further carrying out amplification culture, and culturing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃.
(5) Mixing the microbial inoculum with auxiliary agents and other organic matters: mixing the bacterial liquid obtained by mixed fermentation with an auxiliary agent and an organic matter carrier in a ratio of 2:4:4, thereby obtaining the compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
(6) The application in the ginger seeding period: the compound microbial inoculum is diluted by 200 times by water, namely 1kg per mu, added with 200kg of water, mixed uniformly, fully sprayed on the placed ginger seed buds and the soil around the ginger seed buds, covered with soil, mixed with soil or mixed with fertilizer (namely, mixed and uniformly mixed with the compound microbial inoculum) and applied to the soil, the microbial balance of the soil is established by utilizing a plurality of strains in the microbial inoculum so as to resist the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and the pathogenic bacteria which live over winter in the soil can be killed by the antibacterial substances generated by the plurality of strains.
(7) The application in the small earthing-up period of the ginger comprises the following steps: diluting the compound microbial agent by 300 times with water, namely 1kg per mu, adding 300kg of water, mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the soil surface or the stem base of ginger plants.
(8) The application of the ginger leaf disease in the high-incidence period comprises the following steps: diluting the compound microbial agent with water by 500 times, namely 1kg per mu, adding 500kg of water, mixing, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the surfaces of leaf surfaces and stem parts of plants.
And (3) test results:
the three embodiments use the microbial agent of the invention in different ginger growth periods, and statistics show that the incidence rates of ginger leaf diseases (including ginger leaf blight, jiang Bandian disease, ginger anthracnose and ginger eye spot, no matter the weight average of the diseases is taken as the statistics of the leaf diseases) are very significant different in the experimental groups of the three embodiments compared with the control group which does not use the microbial agent of the invention.
The morbidity of the ginger leaf disease of a control group without using the microbial inoculum is 80.0 percent, and in the third embodiment, the prevention and control effect of the microbial inoculum on the ginger leaf disease is up to 98.3 percent by jointly applying the microbial inoculum to the ginger in the ginger seeding period, the ginger small hilling period and the ginger leaf disease high-incidence period;
in the second embodiment, the control effect of applying the microbial agent to the ginger leaf diseases in the ginger seeding period and the ginger small ridging period is 77.5%;
in the first embodiment, the control effect of the microbial agent on the ginger leaf disease in the ginger seeding period is 64.1%.
TABLE 1 Effect of different examples of microbial Agents on the incidence of disease in ginger leaves
In the three embodiments, the microbial agent is respectively sprayed on the soil and different parts of the ginger in different ginger growth periods, so that the ginger leaf diseases are effectively prevented and treated, and diseases caused by other pathogens, including ginger nematode diseases, ginger stem basal rot and the like, in other parts of the ginger are also well prevented and treated (statistics are not made in the specification).
In addition, the three implementation cases, no matter in the ginger seeding period, the ginger small ridging period or the ginger leaf disease high-development period, can obviously promote the growth of the ginger, including plant height increase, branch number increase and stalk weight increase, and improve the yield of single plant Jiang Chong and the yield per mu.
In the third embodiment, the acre yield of the ginger in an experimental group, which is jointly applied with the microbial agent disclosed by the invention, in the ginger sowing period, the small ginger ridging period and the high ginger leaf disease period is 3.4 times that of the acre yield of the ginger in a control group, which does not use the microbial agent disclosed by the invention;
in the second embodiment, the acre yield of ginger in an experimental group applying the microbial agent disclosed by the invention in the sowing period and the small hilling period of the ginger is 2.8 times that of ginger in a control group not applying the microbial agent disclosed by the invention;
in the first embodiment, the acre yield of ginger in the experimental group to which the microbial agent provided by the invention is applied in the ginger sowing period is 2.5 times that of the acre yield of ginger in the control group to which the microbial agent provided by the invention is not applied.
TABLE 2 growth index and yield of ginger according to different examples of microbial Agents
In conclusion, in the three embodiments, no matter in the ginger seeding period, the ginger small hilling period or the ginger leaf disease high-development period, the microbial agent provided by the invention can effectively reduce the occurrence rate of ginger leaf diseases, can also reduce the incidence rate of diseases of other parts of ginger, can also obviously promote the growth of ginger, and can improve the weight of a single plant of ginger and the yield per mu.
In the third embodiment, the effect of continuously applying the microbial agent in the ginger seeding period, the ginger small hilling period and the ginger leaf disease high-incidence period is better than that of the second embodiment (namely applying the microbial agent in the ginger seeding period and the ginger small hilling period) and the first embodiment (namely applying the microbial agent in the ginger seeding period) in the aspects of effectively reducing the incidence rate of the ginger leaf disease, reducing the incidence rate of diseases at other parts of the ginger and improving the weight and the yield per mu of a single plant of the ginger.
The second embodiment (namely, the microbial agent is applied to the ginger in the seeding period and the small ridging period of the ginger) has better effects on effectively reducing the incidence rate of diseases of the leaves of the ginger, reducing the incidence rate of diseases of other parts of the ginger and improving the weight and the yield per mu of the ginger of a single plant than the first embodiment (namely, the microbial agent is applied to the ginger in the seeding period);
in the first embodiment (namely, the microbial agent disclosed by the invention is applied to ginger in the sowing period), the effects of effectively reducing the incidence rate of ginger leaf diseases, reducing the incidence rate of diseases of other parts of ginger and improving the weight and the yield per mu of a single plant of ginger are better than those of a control group which does not use the microbial agent disclosed by the invention.
The results show that the microbial agent provided by the invention is applied jointly, continuously, reasonably and properly in the whole growth period of the ginger, so that the optimal effect can be achieved in the aspects of effectively reducing the incidence rate of diseases of the leaves of the ginger, reducing the incidence rate of diseases of other parts of the ginger, improving the weight and acre yield of a single plant of the ginger, improving the quality of the ginger and the like, and the industrial economic benefit of ginger planting is greatly improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases is characterized in that: the microbial agent comprises 12.0 × 10 total colonies 9 Lactobacillus plantarum cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 Pseudomonas fluorescens cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 Arthrobacter cfu/mL, total number of colonies 12.0X 10 9 Bacillus polymyxa cfu/m, total number of colonies 8.0X 10 8 Bacillus subtilis in cfu/mL, the total number of colonies is 8.0 × 10 8 Bacillus megaterium cfu/mL, total number of colonies 8.0X 10 8 cfu/mL of Bacillus licheniformis, the total number of colonies is not less than 1.0 × 10 8 Bacillus laterosporus of cfu/mL and the total number of colonies is not less than 1.0X 10 8 cfu/mL of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
2. The preparation method of the microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing slant culture;
(2) First-stage seed liquid culture;
(3) Culturing the second-level seed liquid;
(4) Fermenting and culturing the mixed solution;
(5) The microbial inoculum is mixed with auxiliary agents and other organic matters.
3. The preparation method of the microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the slant culture in the step (1), lactobacillus plantarum, pseudomonas fluorescens, arthrobacter, bacillus subtilis, bacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterospora and bacillus amyloliquefaciens are respectively inoculated in a slant culture medium, and cultured for 48 to 72 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 37 ℃ to activate the strains.
4. The preparation method of the microbial agent for controlling ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the first-stage seed liquid culture in the step (2) is carried out, the strain strains activated in the step (1) are respectively inoculated into 200ml triangular flasks containing liquid culture media under the aseptic condition, and shake cultivation is carried out for 48-72 hours under the condition of 30-37 ℃, so as to carry out first-stage amplification culture.
5. The preparation method of the microbial agent for controlling ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (3) when the secondary seed liquid culture in the step (3) is carried out, respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid obtained in the step (2) into 1000ml triangular flasks containing liquid culture media according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, carrying out shake cultivation for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 30-37 ℃, carrying out secondary amplification culture, and counting by using a microscope counting method or an ultraviolet spectrophotometer after the culture is finished so as to enable the concentration of each strain to reach the required concentration basic value.
6. The preparation method of the microbial agent for controlling ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and (4) when the mixed liquid is fermented and cultured in the step (4), the secondary seed culture bacterial liquid of 8 strains obtained in the step (3) is mixed and inoculated in a fermentation tank containing a liquid culture medium, amplification culture is further carried out, and the mixture is cultured for 48 to 72 hours at the temperature of between 30 and 37 ℃.
7. The preparation method of the microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: when the microbial inoculum is mixed with the auxiliary agent and other organic matters in the step (5), the bacterial liquid obtained by mixing and fermenting in the step (4), the auxiliary agent and the organic matter carrier are mixed according to the ratio of (2): 4:4 to obtain the compound microbial agent for preventing and treating the ginger leaf diseases.
8. The preparation method of the microbial agent for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the components of the slant culture medium in the step (1), the liquid culture medium in the step (2) and the step (3) are 5g of beef extract, 10g of peptone, 5g of sodium chloride and 1000mL of distilled water, and the pH of the culture medium is 7.0-7.2.
9. The preparation method of the microbial agent for controlling ginger leaf diseases according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (4), the liquid medium comprises the components of an auxiliary agent and an organic matter carrier, wherein the auxiliary agent is molasses, the carrier is the organic matter carrier, and the organic matter carrier comprises 30% of potassium fulvate, 30% of potassium humate and 40% of compound amino acid.
10. The use of the microbial agent for controlling ginger leaf diseases according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the microbial agent is used for preventing and treating ginger leaf diseases.
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