CN115490207A - Method and system for producing hydrogen by sludge - Google Patents

Method and system for producing hydrogen by sludge Download PDF

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CN115490207A
CN115490207A CN202210980003.0A CN202210980003A CN115490207A CN 115490207 A CN115490207 A CN 115490207A CN 202210980003 A CN202210980003 A CN 202210980003A CN 115490207 A CN115490207 A CN 115490207A
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sludge
gas
pyrolysis
gasification
hydrogen
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CN115490207B (en
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秦臻
马晓茜
廖艳芬
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
    • C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/085—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electric heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for producing hydrogen by sludge. A method for producing hydrogen by sludge comprises the following steps: carrying out pyrolysis treatment after drying the sludge, and pyrolyzing to obtain semicoke solid, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas; gasifying the semicoke solid, and then performing gas-solid separation to obtain fly ash and synthesis gas after the gas-solid separation; and (3) carrying out water gas shift reaction on the pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas to generate water gas, and carrying out hydrogen separation on the water gas to obtain hydrogen. The method for preparing hydrogen from sludge couples the processes of drying, pyrolysis, gasification and reforming of sludge, separates the pyrolysis unit from the gasification unit, and treats the pyrolysis unit and the gasification unit separately.

Description

Method and system for producing hydrogen by sludge
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, and particularly relates to a method and a system for producing hydrogen by sludge.
Background
The sludge used by the existing sludge hydrogen production system is semi-dry sludge with the water content of below 20 percent, and the sludge needs to be pretreated by a sewage treatment plant before entering a pyrolyzer and then is transported to the local, so that secondary pollution is easily caused in the transportation process, and certain transportation and treatment cost is realized. In addition, most of the existing hydrogen production systems improve the efficiency by co-pyrolysis gasification with coal, the stability of the process is improved only by arranging a gas-solid separator and a gas-water separator, most of the pyrolysis devices are vertical cylindrical, sludge falls from top to bottom, a large amount of fly ash is generated, although the treatment capacity is large, the energy consumption is huge, and a certain risk of pollution gas overflow exists in the process; partial sludge pyrolysis gasification system and solar power system ally oneself with usefulness, can reduce sludge treatment cost to a certain extent, but equipment area is big, and the maintenance cost is high.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new sludge hydrogen production method and system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of large occupied area, high cost and low efficiency of a sludge hydrogen production system in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sludge hydrogen production method, and the invention aims to provide a sludge hydrogen production system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out pyrolysis treatment after drying the sludge to obtain semicoke solid, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas;
(2) Carrying out gas-solid separation on the semi-coke solid after gasification treatment to obtain fly ash and synthesis gas;
(3) And carrying out water gas shift reaction on the pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas to generate water gas, and separating the water gas to obtain hydrogen.
The sludge of the invention is sludge produced by a domestic sewage treatment plant.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by sludge, in the step (1), the temperature of pyrolysis treatment is 250-450 ℃; further preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 280-420 ℃; still further preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 290-410 ℃; still more preferably, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment is 300-400 ℃; by controlling the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment within the range, semicoke solids and pyrolysis gas can be obtained, and the semicoke solids at the temperature are beneficial to subsequent gasification treatment.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by sludge, in the step (1), the pyrolysis treatment time is 10-30s; further preferably, the time of the pyrolysis treatment is 15 to 25s; in some preferred embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis treatment time is 20s; the pyrolysis treatment time is controlled, the components of the pyrolysis gas can be further controlled, and the reaction of the reforming conversion unit is further controlled.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by sludge, in the step (1), the particle size of the sludge before pyrolysis treatment is 3-20mm; further preferably, the particle size of the sludge before pyrolysis treatment is 4-18mm; still further preferably, the particle size of the sludge before pyrolysis treatment is 5-16mm; more preferably, the particle size of the sludge before the pyrolysis treatment is 5-15mm.
Preferably, in the method for producing hydrogen by sludge, in the step (2), the temperature of gasification treatment is 800-1300 ℃; further preferably, the temperature of the gasification treatment is 850-1250 ℃; still more preferably, the temperature of the gasification treatment is 880-1220 ℃; further preferably, the temperature of the gasification treatment is 900-1200 ℃; the gasification treatment temperature is controlled within the temperature range, the semicoke solid is gasified into the synthesis gas, the pyrolysis treatment and the gasification treatment are matched, the sludge resource utilization can be more thorough, and the efficiency of sludge hydrogen production is greatly improved.
The invention provides a sludge hydrogen production system for implementing the sludge hydrogen production method, which comprises a sludge drying device, an electric pyrolysis furnace, a gasification unit, a gas-solid separation device, a reforming conversion unit and a hydrogen purification device which are sequentially connected; the electric pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the reforming conversion unit; the gas-solid separation device is communicated with the sludge drying device.
The arrangement of the gas-solid separation device can increase the operation stability of the system, the obtained high-temperature ash returns to the sludge drying device, the heat of the high-temperature ash is used for drying the sludge, and a large amount of heat energy can be saved.
Preferably, the sludge hydrogen production system further comprises a mechanical dehydration device, the mechanical dehydration device is arranged in front of the sludge drying device and is used for dehydrating sludge generated in the sewage treatment process, the water content of the dehydrated sludge is less than or equal to 80%, and the sludge enters the sludge drying device after mechanical dehydration.
Preferably, the sludge hydrogen production system further comprises a sludge conveyor belt, the sludge conveyor belt is arranged in the sludge drying device, and the sludge drying device is used for drying the sludge in the conveying process of the sludge conveyor belt; further preferably, two sludge conveying belts are arranged in total; the sludge transmission belt is used, so that the sludge drying process is overheated uniformly, the drying process is easy to control, and the sludge drying efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the hydrogen production system from sludge further comprises a crusher, the crusher is arranged in the sludge drying device, the crusher crushes the sludge into particles with the diameter of 3-20mm, and the crushed sludge is fed into the electric pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis.
Preferably, this kind of mud hydrogen manufacturing system still includes the gyro wheel bucker, and the gyro wheel bucker setting is between mud conveyer belt and breaker, and the gyro wheel bucker is used for rolling mud, reduces the mud volume, is convenient for the breaker broken handle.
Preferably, the system for producing hydrogen from sludge further comprises a tail gas treatment system, and the tail gas treatment system is used for treating tail gas generated by the gasification unit.
Preferably, in the sludge hydrogen production system, the electric pyrolysis furnace is of a horizontal structure, and a screw rod is arranged inside the electric pyrolysis furnace; the invention adopts the horizontal-structure electric pyrolysis furnace, and the sludge is horizontally pushed by the screw rod, the horizontal design can reduce fly ash in the furnace, increase the safety, greatly reduce the volume, easily control the weight of the pyrolyzed sludge and the pyrolysis process, and further reduce the consumed heat energy.
Preferably, in the system for producing hydrogen from sludge, the gasification unit comprises a gasification furnace, an air compressor and a steam generator; the electric pyrolysis furnace, the gasification furnace and the gas-solid separation device are sequentially connected; the air compressor and the steam generator are respectively communicated with the gasification furnace; the gasification reaction is carried out in the gasification furnace, the air compressor and the steam generator are respectively connected with the gasification furnace and used for supplying air and steam into the gasification furnace, and meanwhile, the steam generator also supplies steam to the reforming conversion unit.
Preferably, the sludge hydrogen production system further comprises a semicoke transfer bin, the semicoke transfer bin is arranged between the electric pyrolysis furnace and the gasification unit, and semicoke solids of the electric pyrolysis furnace enter the semicoke transfer bin and then enter the gasification furnace of the gasification unit for gasification treatment.
Further preferably, the gasification furnace is of a vertical tubular structure, and the length-diameter ratio of the gasification furnace is 8-15; still more preferably, the length-diameter ratio of the gasification furnace is 8-12; still more preferably, the length-diameter ratio of the gasification furnace is 9 to 11, and in some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the length-diameter ratio of the gasification furnace is 10; the invention utilizes the gasification furnace with a special structure, reduces the generation of gasification fly ash and improves the gasification efficiency.
Preferably, in the sludge hydrogen production system, the reforming conversion unit comprises a pyrolysis gas reforming cavity and a water gas conversion reaction cavity; the gas-solid separation device, the water gas shift reaction cavity and the hydrogen purification device are sequentially connected; the electric pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the pyrolysis gas reforming cavity; the reforming conversion unit is designed in a box body, so that the structure is compact, and the floor area of the system can be greatly reduced; the invention creatively designs the reforming conversion unit, can obtain micromolecule water gas raw material gas by reforming the obtained pyrolysis gas, and converts the micromolecule water gas raw material gas into hydrogen-rich gas by water gas conversion after mixing with synthesis gas, thereby realizing additional economic benefit, not only obviously improving the treatment efficiency of the sludge and realizing the reduction and stabilization of the sludge, but also realizing the resource, energy and high-value utilization of the sludge.
Further preferably, the pyrolysis gas reforming cavity is filled with a catalytic cracking catalyst and an alkaline adsorbent; the catalytic cracking catalyst can adopt a conventional commercial catalyst for catalytic cracking in the petrochemical industry, and in some embodiments of the invention, the catalytic cracking catalyst adopts a catalyst DOCO; the pyrolysis treatment is controlled within a certain reaction temperature, pyrolysis gas generated by sludge pyrolysis is composed of short-chain alkane and partial nitric oxide, the pyrolysis and gasification are carried out step by step, the pyrolysis gas is independently reformed, the pyrolysis gas generated by an electric pyrolysis furnace enters a pyrolysis gas reforming cavity, and is subjected to catalytic cracking reaction and alkaline adsorbent adsorption to obtain reformed pyrolysis gas, the main components of the reformed pyrolysis gas are methane and carbon monoxide, and the reformed pyrolysis gas and synthesis gas generated by the gasification treatment enter a water-gas shift reaction cavity together.
Further preferably, the water gas shift reaction cavity is filled with a water gas shift catalyst; the invention is not limited by the specific type of water gas shift catalyst, but in some preferred embodiments of the invention, dolomite is used as the catalyst, and the reformed pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas are catalyzed by the dolomite particle catalyst to obtain high temperature water gas, H in the water gas 2 The content is more than or equal to 60 percent.
Preferably, in the sludge hydrogen production system, a heat exchanger is arranged between the reforming conversion unit and the hydrogen purification device; a heat exchanger is arranged between an air compressor of the gasification unit and the gasification furnace, the high-temperature water gas is regenerated through the heat exchanger, and the recovered heat is used for heating the air provided by the air compressor in the gasification furnace, so that a large amount of heat is saved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for preparing hydrogen from sludge couples the processes of drying, pyrolyzing, gasifying and reforming the sludge, separates the pyrolysis unit from the gasification unit, and treats the pyrolysis unit and the gasification unit separately, compared with the mode that a fluidized bed gasification hydrogen generation chamber in the prior art is in the same furnace, the method can ensure that the whole gasification process is more reasonable, the resource utilization of the sludge is more thorough, the efficiency is greatly improved, and the resource utilization efficiency of the sludge can be improved by more than 35 percent.
The sludge hydrogen production system can realize the on-site treatment of the sludge, reduce the cost brought by the sludge transportation and avoid the pollution caused in the transportation process; meanwhile, the waste heat of high-temperature fly ash generated by gasification is used for drying sludge to save part of fuel; the high-quality water gas obtained through pyrolysis, gasification and reforming conversion has the advantages of high integration level of the whole system, small occupied area of equipment, simple equipment and easy maintenance, and is suitable for various large, medium and small sewage treatment plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system for producing hydrogen from sludge according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a sludge hydrogen production system of the present invention.
Reference numeral 2:
100-mechanical dehydration device, 200-first sludge conveyor belt, 300-second sludge conveyor belt, 400-sludge drying device, 500-roller rolling machine, 600-crusher, 700-electric pyrolysis furnace, 710-feeding bin, 720-motor, 730-screw rod, 740-first thermocouple, 750-pyrolysis oil outlet, 800-semicoke transfer bin, 900-gasification unit, 910-gasification furnace, 920-air compressor, 930-first heat exchanger, 940-steam generator, 950-multi-channel flow controller, 960-second thermocouple, 1000-gas-solid separation device, 1100-reforming conversion unit, 1110-pyrolysis gas reforming cavity, 1120-water gas shift reaction cavity, 1130-third thermocouple, 1140-fourth thermocouple, 1200-second heat exchanger, and 1300-hydrogen purification device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and the embodiments described by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not construed as limiting the present invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected, indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The starting materials, reagents or equipment used in the examples were, unless otherwise specified, either commercially available from conventional sources or available by methods known in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, the testing or testing methods are conventional in the art.
As shown in figure 1, the sludge hydrogen production system comprises a sludge drying device, an electric pyrolysis furnace, a gasification unit, a gas-solid separation device, a reforming conversion unit and a hydrogen purification device which are connected in sequence;
the electric pyrolysis furnace is also connected with the reforming conversion unit; the gas-solid separation device is also connected with a sludge drying device.
A sludge hydrogen production system according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, the sludge hydrogen production system according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a mechanical dewatering device 100, a first sludge conveyer 200, a second sludge conveyer 300, a sludge drying device 400, a roller compactor 500, a crusher 600, an electric pyrolysis furnace 700, a semicoke transfer bin 800, a gasification unit 900, a gas-solid separation device 1000, a reforming conversion unit 1100, a second heat exchanger 1200, and a hydrogen purification device 1300;
the electric pyrolysis furnace 700 comprises a feeding bin 710, a motor 720, a screw rod 730, a first thermocouple 740 and a pyrolysis oil outlet 750;
the gasification unit 900 includes a gasification furnace 910, an air compressor 920, a first heat exchanger 930, a steam generator 940, a multi-channel flow controller 950, a second thermocouple 960;
the reforming shift unit 1100 includes a pyrolysis gas reforming chamber 1110, a water gas shift reaction chamber 1120, a third thermocouple 1130, and a fourth thermocouple 1140.
As shown in FIG. 2, in some embodiments of the present invention, wet sludge in the sewage treatment tank is delivered to a mechanical dehydration device through a sludge centrifugal pump for primary mechanical dehydration to obtain wet sludge with water content less than or equal to 80%; then sending the sludge into a sludge drying device for heat drying, wherein the sludge drying device is internally provided with a first sludge conveying belt, a second sludge conveying belt, a roller grinding machine and a crusher, the sludge is dried by a heat source in a box body in the conveying process on the conveying belts, and high-temperature fly ash in a gas-solid separation device provides another part of heat source to obtain semi-dry sludge with the water content of less than or equal to 20%; the sludge is crushed by a roller compactor and a crusher and then enters an electric pyrolysis furnace through a feeding bin, a screw rod conveys the sludge downwards under the driving of a motor, a first thermocouple controls the temperature of a pyrolysis unit to be 300-400 ℃, and part of pyrolysis oil can be generated in the pyrolysis process and is collected through a pyrolysis oil outlet; the solid obtained by pyrolysis, namely the semicoke solid enters a semicoke transfer bin, the semicoke enters a gasification furnace of a gasification unit through a semicoke overflow port, a gasification agent is provided by an air compressor and a steam generator, air is preheated by a first heat exchanger, the gasification temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃, a second thermocouple monitors the gasification temperature, pyrolysis gas enters a gas-solid separation device through a pyrolysis gas ascending channel, the gas-solid separation is carried out, the separated high-temperature fly ash is sent into a sludge drying device for heat exchange, the synthesis gas separated by the gas-solid separation device enters a water gas shift reaction cavity of a reforming conversion unit, the pyrolysis gas generated by an electric pyrolysis furnace enters a pyrolysis gas reforming cavity of the reforming conversion unit, a commercial catalytic cracking catalyst DOCO and an alkaline adsorbent are filled in the pyrolysis gas reforming cavity, the pyrolysis gas carries out catalytic cracking reaction, short-chain alkane such as methane and the like and carbon monoxide in the product account for more than 85 percent, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide account for about 5 percent, the generated carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide are absorbed by the adsorbent at high temperature, the reformed pyrolysis gas enters the water gas shift reaction cavity, the water gas shift reaction is carried out on the synthetic gas separated from the gas-solid separation device to produce water gas, dolomite is filled in the water gas shift reaction cavity to be used as a catalyst, a steam generator provides steam for the water gas shift reaction cavity of the reforming conversion unit through a multi-channel flow controller, the high-temperature water gas enters a hydrogen purification device after the heat is recovered through a second heat exchanger, the hydrogen purification device adopts a membrane separation purification device, high-concentration hydrogen is sucked out from the upper part of the device, other impurity gas mixtures are discharged from the lower part of the device, and tail gas in the drying process can be subjected to harmless treatment through a tail gas treatment device.
Application examples
The method for producing hydrogen from sludge comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Sludge slurry deposited in the sewage treatment tank is sent into a mechanical dehydration device through a sludge centrifugal pump for preliminary mechanical dehydration, a calcium-based conditioner is added in the process to accelerate water analysis to obtain wet sludge with the water content of less than or equal to 80 percent, then the wet sludge is sent into a sludge drying device for heat drying to obtain semi-dry sludge with the water content of less than or equal to 20 percent, the semi-dry sludge is crushed, the crushed semi-dry sludge has the particle size of 5-15mm, and the semi-dry sludge enters an electric pyrolysis furnace; the system can meet the sewage treatment capacity by treating 10 ten thousand tons of sewage in summer in a common medium-sized urban sewage treatment plant to generate 50 tons of sludge with the water content of 80 percent;
(2) The temperature of the electric pyrolysis furnace is controlled to be 300-400 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 20s, pyrolysis gas (accounting for about 60 percent), pyrolysis oil (accounting for about 5 percent) and solid namely semicoke (accounting for about 35 percent) in the pyrolysis process are generated, the pyrolysis gas mainly comprises carbon monoxide (accounting for 85 percent) and comprises partial carbon dioxide and oxynitride (accounting for 5 percent). Collecting the pyrolysis oil through a pyrolysis oil outlet; the semicoke obtained by pyrolysis enters a semicoke transfer bin, the semicoke enters a gasification unit through a semicoke overflow port, a gasification agent is provided by an air compressor and a steam generator, air is preheated by a heat exchanger, and the gasification temperature is controlled at 900-1200 ℃;
(3) The pyrolysis gas generated by the gasification unit enters a gas-solid separation device through a pyrolysis gas ascending channel, gas-solid separation is carried out at the gas-solid separation device, the separated high-temperature fly ash is sent to a sludge drying device for heat exchange, the synthesis gas subjected to gas-solid separation and the pyrolysis gas generated by an electric pyrolysis furnace enter a reforming conversion unit and steam generated from a steam generator, dolomite particles are used as catalysts, reforming and exchange are carried out at the catalyst to generate water gas, and the main component of the water gas is H 2 And CO 2 ；
(4) The high-temperature water gas enters the heat exchanger to preheat air and is subjected to heat regeneration, and the heat consumption can be saved by 10% due to the two-position heat regeneration. And finally, the water gas is subjected to membrane exchange to separate hydrogen from other gases, high-concentration hydrogen is sucked out from a hydrogen suction pipe, other impurity mixed gas is discharged downwards, and the amount of generated hydrogen can reach 225000L according to the daily treatment capacity of 50 tons of sludge with water content of 80%. The thermal efficiency of the electric pyrolysis furnace can reach more than 65 percent, and is at least improved by 30 percent compared with the thermal efficiency of the traditional pyrolysis system.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the scope of the invention should not be limited thereto, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for producing hydrogen by sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Carrying out pyrolysis treatment after drying the sludge to obtain semicoke solid, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas;
(2) Carrying out gas-solid separation on the semi-coke solid after gasification treatment to obtain fly ash and synthesis gas;
(3) And carrying out water gas shift reaction on the pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas to generate water gas, and separating the water gas to obtain hydrogen.
2. The method for producing hydrogen from sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment in the step (1) is 250-450 ℃.
3. The method for producing hydrogen by using sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the sludge before pyrolysis treatment is 3-20mm.
4. The method for producing hydrogen from sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the gasification treatment in the step (2) is 800-1300 ℃.
5. A sludge hydrogen production system for implementing the sludge hydrogen production method of any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising a sludge drying device, an electric pyrolysis furnace, a gasification unit, a gas-solid separation device, a reforming conversion unit and a hydrogen purification device which are connected in sequence;
the electric pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the reforming conversion unit; the gas-solid separation device is communicated with the sludge drying device.
6. The system for producing hydrogen by sludge as claimed in claim 5, wherein the electric pyrolyzing furnace is of a horizontal structure and is internally provided with a screw rod.
7. The sludge hydrogen production system according to claim 5, wherein the gasification unit comprises a gasification furnace, an air compressor and a steam generator;
the electric pyrolysis furnace, the gasification furnace and the gas-solid separation device are sequentially connected; the air compressor and the steam generator are respectively communicated with the gasification furnace.
8. The sludge hydrogen production system according to claim 7, wherein the gasification furnace is a vertical tubular structure, and the length-diameter ratio of the gasification furnace is 8-15.
9. The sludge hydrogen production system according to claim 5, wherein the reforming shift unit comprises a pyrolysis gas reforming chamber and a water gas shift reaction chamber;
the gas-solid separation device, the water gas shift reaction cavity and the hydrogen purification device are sequentially connected; the electric pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the pyrolysis gas reforming cavity.
10. The system for producing hydrogen from sludge according to claim 9, wherein the pyrolysis gas reforming cavity is filled with a catalytic cracking catalyst and an alkaline adsorbent.
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