CN115487344B - 一种具有监测和治疗功能的抗菌止血冷冻凝胶 - Google Patents
一种具有监测和治疗功能的抗菌止血冷冻凝胶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有监测和治疗功能的抗菌止血冷冻凝胶,由纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF‑8与四元化壳聚糖(QCSG)交联制备得到。本发明所提供的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶经体内外止血模型评估、细菌感染的可视化监测测定及伤口愈合和组织再生能力评价,结果表明,QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶具有出色的止血能力,并且能实时监测出血部位的细菌感染,加快伤口愈合及组织再生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于止血医药技术领域,涉及一种具有监测和治疗功能的抗菌止血冷冻凝胶。
背景技术
出血是平民创伤中第二常见的死亡原因,也是战斗伤亡的第一大常见原因。在世界范围内,超过30%的创伤死亡是由不受控制的出血导致的,其中一半发生在紧急护理到达之前。控制严重创伤引起的出血是全世界诊所和日常生活中的一个严重问题,不可控制的出血在战场、急诊甚至医院环境中构成了重大的致命风险,目前全世界每年造成超过580万人死亡。因此,使用止血剂快速有效地控制出血对现场急救处理具有重要意义。
传统的止血剂包括止血纱布、明胶海绵、纳米纤维、粘合水凝胶,可以通过大力按压或拉紧伤口来封闭出血部位来发挥止血作用。然而,它们对尖锐物体造成的深部伤口和非压迫性伤口(如脆弱的内脏组织出血)止血效果较差,常导致不可压缩的出血。此外,它们中的大多数仅表现出急性停止血流的单一功能,而不能防止细菌感染和促进组织再生。为了解决这些问题,Hong等人,已经开发出一种强粘性止血水凝胶,以有效修复动脉和心脏出血。然而,由于紫外线照射等复杂的加工程序,其实际应用受到了广泛的限制。最近,一些新的止血技术引起了广泛的关注。X-Stat是一种内含微棉的止血材料,当微棉注射到伤口后,迅速膨胀十倍以上,闭合深部伤口实现止血。然而,由于它们不可生物降解,需要更多的时间来清除伤口床的残留物,这通常会导致二次伤害和患者的巨大痛苦。此外,许多其他形状记忆聚合物泡沫作为另一种伤口敷料也表现出良好的止血能力,但是,吸收液体的固有能力是有限的,需要几十年的时间才能恢复其形状,这在一定程度上延长了止血时间并导致更多的失血。此外,大面积伤口难以修复,进一步造成严重的健康后果。
目前,还没有一种止血产品能够快速有效地控制不可压缩性出血,同时又能杀死伤口周围的微生物,加速伤口愈合。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明旨在提供一种基于FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8(一种纳米复合材料)交联QCSG(四元化壳聚糖)的形状记忆抗菌止血冷冻凝胶(QCSG/FLZ)。该冷冻凝胶可以按压成任意形状来填充出血伤口,一旦与出血部位接触,迅速吸收血液,恢复至按压前形状,物理性封闭伤口实现非压缩性快速止血。同时,QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶还可激活人体自身的凝血系统,加快伤口组织止血。此外,为了避免伤口出血部位处引发严重的细菌感染,该冷冻凝胶可以通过简单的荧光检测法(λ=365nm)观察荧光强弱的变化,实现细菌感染的早期监测。当出血部位被细菌感染时,细菌又可以诱导包埋溶菌酶(LYZ)药物的外壳(ZIF-8)破裂,从而释放出LYZ,同时,ZIF-8结构的破坏游离出Zn2+,协同LYZ实现高效杀菌。不仅如此,冷冻凝胶为伤口组织提供湿润的环境,最重要的是促进细胞迁移和增殖,加速止血后的伤口愈合。
为达到这一目的,本发明通过简单的一锅法合成一种细菌微环境触发的pH响应纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8,溶菌酶(LYZ)封装在ZIF-8纳米颗粒(LYZ@ZIF-8)中,用于对细菌感染的智能控制。静电吸附作用力将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)吸附在ZIF-8表面的多孔结构中,以实现对细菌感染微环境的早期监测,其中LYZ@ZIF-8的具体制备过程包括:
在磁力搅拌下,50mg LYZ加入45mL 2-甲基咪唑(136.7mg/mL)溶液(pH=9)中;将5mL Zn(NO3)2·6H2O(74.4mg/mL)溶液在30min内滴加至上述溶液中;离心(10000rpm,15min)取沉淀,酒精洗涤后得到LYZ@ZIF-8。
基于上述步骤,本发明制备了纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液,具体方法包括:
1.将上述方法制备的0.3mg FITC和0.3g LYZ@ZIF-8混合到10mL去离子水中;
2.搅拌20h,离心(10375×g,5min)后弃去上清液;
3.用PBS多次洗涤沉淀物以去除物理吸收的FITC;
4.将合成的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8稀释定容到12mL,然后在4℃下保存,得到FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液。
进一步地,本发明利用甘油三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)功能化壳聚糖(CS)制备出生物活性和抗菌活性更好的四元化壳聚糖(QCSG),其具体制备步骤包括:
1.将1g壳聚糖悬浮在36mL的去离子水中,在悬浮液中加入180μL的冰醋酸;
2.壳聚糖完全溶解后,将不同摩尔比的GTMAC(GTMAC与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的摩尔比为3:1)分散在去离子水中并滴加到壳聚糖溶液中;
3.反应混合物在55℃下搅拌15h;
4.随后,在搅拌过程中分别向上述反应混合物中滴加GMA,GMA与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的比例固定为0.5:1.0;
5.在黑暗条件下于55℃再进行15h的反应;
6.在室温下将混合物以5692×g离心20min,除去未溶解的聚合物;
7.将上清液在预冷的丙酮中沉淀,以获得粗大的产品;
8.产品在去离子(MWCO 3500D)水中透析以进一步纯化;
9.冻干得到纯产品。
更进一步地,本发明将上述步骤制备得到的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液与QCSG精细混合,通过低温冷冻法(-20℃,48h)低温聚合合成冷冻凝胶,具体包括:
1.在磁力搅拌下,将0.192g QCSG溶解在12mL的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8中,得到QCSG/FLZ溶液;
2.均匀搅拌后,加入GA(1,5-戊二醛)溶液(0.025%,w/v)以调整混合溶液的pH至7.4;
3.将冷冻凝胶前体倒入24孔板中,在-20℃的冰箱中放置48h。
此外,本发明还建立了多种深部伤口与非圧缩性伤口出血模型,结果表明QCSG/FLZ凝胶在止血时间和失血量远小于市售止血纱布,说明本发明制备的凝胶是一种优异的止血剂。
进一步地,在细菌感染的早期监测中,使用本发明制备的冷冻凝胶可清楚地观察到细菌诱导的凝胶荧光发生猝灭,证明本发明制备的QCSG/FLZ凝胶具有优异的细菌监测能力。
更进一步地,本发明人通过构建小鼠伤口模型将制备的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶应用于细菌感染的小鼠伤口中,对QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶促进伤口愈合的能力进行评估,经评估,QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶处理组的小鼠伤口愈合和组织再生能力最佳。
通过上述技术方案,本发明制备的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶至少具有下述有益效果或优点:
1.本发明所制备的复合冷冻凝胶对于深部伤口和非圧缩性伤口的止血效果优于市售止血纱布,是一种优异的止血剂。
2.本发明所制备的复合冷冻凝胶具有优异的细菌监测能力。
3.本发明所制备的复合冷冻凝胶能够促进伤口愈合和组织再生。
附图说明
图1为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶制备及生物应用示意图。
图2为所述FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8纳米粒子合成示意图。
图3为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的形成示意图,其中A为GMA、GTMAC与功能化的CS合成四元化壳聚糖(QCSG)的过程;B为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的形状记忆机制示意图以及抗压和形状记忆特性的照片。
图4为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶在体内的止血性能检测,其中A为出血模型示意图;B为小鼠肝脏刺伤模型的失血量;C为小鼠肝脏刺伤模型的止血时间;D为小鼠断尾模型的失血量;E为小鼠断尾模型的止血时间。
图5为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶在紫外光照射下的光学响应。
图6为所述QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶对比QCSG、PBS缓冲液对小鼠伤口愈合能力的评估。
具体实施方式
下面,结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明,但是,本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
本实施例描述制备纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液、四元化壳聚糖(QCSG)以及QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的方法。
本实施例中QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的制备方法及其在生物体内的应用示意图如附图1所示,基于附图1,下面对其制备方法做进一步阐述:
本实施例通过简单的一锅法合成一种细菌微环境触发的pH响应纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8,其合成示意图如附图2所示。溶菌酶(LYZ)封装在ZIF-8纳米颗粒(LYZ@ZIF-8)中,用于对细菌感染的智能控制。静电吸附作用力将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)吸附在ZIF-8表面的多孔结构中,以实现对细菌感染微环境的早期监测。详细制备过程如下:
1.制备LYZ@ZIF-8
1.1在磁力搅拌下,50mg LYZ加入45mL 2-甲基咪唑(136.7mg/mL)溶液(pH=9)中。
1.2将5mLZn(NO3)2·6H2O(74.4mg/mL)溶液在30min内滴加至上述溶液中。
1.3离心(10000rpm,15min)取沉淀,酒精洗涤后得到LYZ@ZIF-8。
2.制备FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液
2.1将上述方法制备的0.3mg FITC和0.3g LYZ@ZIF-8混合到10mL去离子水中,室温下搅拌2h。
2.2在10375×g下离心5min后弃去上清液。
2.3用PBS缓冲液多次洗涤沉淀物以去除物理吸收的FITC。
2.4将合成的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8定容到12mL,于4℃下保存。
本实施例还利用甘油三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)功能化壳聚糖(CS)制备出生物活性和抗菌活性更好的四元化壳聚糖(QCSG),详细制备过程如下:
3.制备QCSG
3.1将1g壳聚糖悬浮在36mL的去离子水中,然后在悬浮液中加入180μL的冰醋酸。
3.2待壳聚糖完全溶解后,将不同摩尔比的GTMAC(GTMAC与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的摩尔比为3:1)分散在去离子水中并滴加到壳聚糖溶液中。
3.3将反应混合物在55℃下搅拌15h。
3.4在55℃下持续搅拌,分别向上述反应混合物中滴加GMA(GMA与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的比例固定为0.5:1.0)。
3.5黑暗条件下,于55℃下再进行15h的反应。
3.6反应结束后,在室温下将混合物以5692×g离心20分钟,除去未溶解的聚合物。
3.7将离心所得上清液在预冷的丙酮中沉淀,以获得粗大的产品。
3.8将所得产品在去离子(MWCO 3500D)水中透析进一步纯化。
3.9冻干获得纯产品。
此外,本实施例将上述步骤制得的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液与QCSG精细混合,通过低温冷冻法低(-20℃,48h)低温聚合合成冷冻凝胶,其形成示意图如附图3A,3B所示,详细制备步骤如下:
4.制备QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶
4.1在磁力搅拌下,将0.192g QCSG溶解在12mL的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8中,得到QCSG/FLZ溶液。
4.2均匀搅拌后,加入GA(1,5-戊二醛)溶液(0.025%,w/v)以调整混合溶液的pH值至7.4,得到QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶前体。
4.3将冷冻凝胶前体倒入24孔板中,在-20℃的冰箱中放置48h,得到QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶。
实施例2
本实施例对实施例1制备得到的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶在生物体内的止血性能进行检测,包括小鼠肝脏穿刺模型和小鼠尾巴截肢模型,如附图4A,详细过程如下:
1.肝脏穿刺模型
将雄性昆明小鼠(5-6周,32-38g)随机平均分为3组,每组包含6只小鼠。注射10wt%的水合氯醛(3mL/kg)对小鼠进行麻醉,并固定在外科软木板上。通过腹部切口暴露小鼠的肝脏,并仔细清除肝脏周围的血清液,以防止在估计止血样本获得的血液重量时出现不准确。在肝脏下方放置一张预先称重的滤纸。使用16G针头诱导肝脏出血。然后在无压力的情况下用预先称重的定型冷冻凝胶(压缩高度为8mm、直径为12mm的冻干冷冻凝胶为定型状态)覆盖伤口,并观察伤口的出血情况。记录出血时间和失血量,直到伤口停止14次出血。用纱布覆盖的伤口,稍加压力,作为阳性对照。未经处理的伤口作为阴性对照组。
2.尾巴截肢模型
采用10wt%水合氯醛(3mL/kg)麻醉所有小鼠,并将小鼠固定在外科软木板上。然后,用手术刀将所有小鼠尾巴在末端5cm处剪断。切开后,将小鼠的尾巴自由放置,以确保血液的正常流出。然后将伤口覆盖在预先称重的形状固定的冷冻凝胶上(冻干的冷冻凝胶高度为8mm,直径为12mm的冻干胶被压缩为形状固定状态),不加压,并观察伤口的出血情况。记录出血时间和失血量直到伤口停止出血。伤口用纱布覆盖,稍加压力,作为阳性对照。未经处理的伤口作为阴性对照组。
试验结果如附图4B-E所示,无论是小鼠肝脏穿刺模型还是鼠尾截肢模型,QCSG/FLZ凝胶处理的小鼠在止血时间和失血量远小于市售止血纱布。
实施例3
本实施例对实施例1制备得到的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的细菌监测能力进行检测。
将活化好的金黄色葡萄球菌滴加在QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶上。随后在紫外灯(λ=365nm)下观察凝胶的颜色变化。
试验结果如附图5所示,在细菌感染的早期监测中,使用本发明制备的冷冻凝胶可清楚地观察到细菌诱导的凝胶荧光发生猝灭,充分证明,QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶发挥了优异的细菌监测能力。
实施例4
本实施例通过构建小鼠伤口模型将实施例1制备的QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶应用于细菌感染的小鼠伤口中,并对QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶的伤口愈合能力进行评估。
雄性昆明小鼠(5-6周,32-38g)被随机分为三组,所有的手术操作都在无菌条件下进行。采用10wt%水合氯醛(3mL/kg)麻醉所有小鼠,并将小鼠固定在外科软木板上。随后,将小鼠背部剃光,并在背部构建直径为8mm的全厚伤口,并滴入100μL金黄色葡萄球菌(1×107CFU/mL)24h,然后分别以无菌水作为对照组,以商业纱布和QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶作为治疗组。每组包含三个平行组,以确保实验的准确性。为了进一步监测伤口愈合情况,在第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天和第9天用数码相机记录小鼠皮肤组织。
试验结果如附图6所示,QCSG/FLZ冷冻凝胶处理组的小鼠伤口愈合和组织再生能力最佳。
如上所述,即可较好地实现本发明,上述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种改变和改进,均应落入本发明确定的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种具有监测和治疗功能的抗菌止血冷冻凝胶,其特征在于,由纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8与四元化壳聚糖(QCSG)交联制备得到;
所述纳米复合材料FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8分散液的制备方法包括:将溶菌酶(LYZ)封装在ZIF-8纳米颗粒(LYZ@ZIF-8)中;
利用静电吸附作用力将异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)吸附在ZIF-8表面的多孔结构中;将上述步骤制备得到的FITC和LYZ@ZIF-8混合到去离子水中,搅拌离心后弃上清液;
用PBS缓冲液多次洗涤沉淀物以去除物理吸收的FITC;
将合成的FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8稀释定容;低温下保存;
所述四元化壳聚糖(QCSG)的制备方法包括:将1g壳聚糖悬浮在36mL去离子水中,然后在悬浮液中加入180μL冰醋酸;
壳聚糖完全溶解后,将不同摩尔比的甘油三甲基氯化铵(GTMAC)分散在去离子水中并滴加到壳聚糖溶液中;所述GTMAC与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的摩尔比为3:1;
搅拌反应混合物,持续搅拌过程中滴加甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA),搅拌温度为55℃,搅拌时长为15h,所述GMA与壳聚糖骨架上的氨基的比例固定为0.5:1.0;
在黑暗条件下反应,反应温度为55℃,反应时长为15h,反应结束后,在室温下将混合物离心,除去未溶解的聚合物,离心条件为5692xg,时长20min;上清液在预冷的丙酮中沉淀,得到产品;
将所得产品利用MWCO 3500Da的透析袋在去离子水中透析以进一步纯化,冻干即得纯产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷冻凝胶,其特征在于,FITC的混合质量为0.3mg,LYZ@ZIF-8的混合质量为0.3g,去离子水为10mL;搅拌时长为20h,离心条件为10375xg,离心时长5min;
FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8定容到12mL,低温下保存的温度为4℃。
3.权利要求1-2任一项所述的冷冻凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括在磁力搅拌下,将QCSG溶解在FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8中,得到QCSG/FLZ溶液;均匀搅拌后,加入1,5-戊二醛(GA)溶液以调整混合溶液的pH;将低温凝胶前体倒入24孔板中,在低温下冷冻静置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述QCSG的溶解量为0.192g,所述FITC/LYZ@ZIF-8为12mL;所述GA溶液的浓度为0.025% w/v,调整pH至7.4;静置温度为-20℃,时长48h。
5.权利要求1-2任一项所述的冷冻凝胶在制备伤口止血与促进伤口愈合的产品中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述伤口止血包括深部伤口和非圧缩性伤口的快速止血。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,实现促进伤口愈合的方法为:对伤口出血部位处的细菌感染实时监测并进行智能化可控治疗从而促进伤口愈合和组织再生。
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