CN115476508A - Extrusion type 3D printing method, printing system and application of continuous variable fiber diameter - Google Patents

Extrusion type 3D printing method, printing system and application of continuous variable fiber diameter Download PDF

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CN115476508A
CN115476508A CN202211082302.9A CN202211082302A CN115476508A CN 115476508 A CN115476508 A CN 115476508A CN 202211082302 A CN202211082302 A CN 202211082302A CN 115476508 A CN115476508 A CN 115476508A
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printing
extrusion
fiber
pcl
ink
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阮长顺
屈华伟
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

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Abstract

The invention provides an extrusion type 3D printing method, a printing system and application of a continuous variable fiber diameter, belonging to the technical field of biomedical engineering, wherein the extrusion type 3D printing method of the continuous variable fiber diameter establishes a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of a fiber, and determines a corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber; by designing the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path, the variable printing speed and/or the variable height of the extrusion head are formed for printing, the continuous straightening fiber layer-by-layer stacking forming is realized, and the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled. The continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method with variable printing speed and variable extrusion head height, provided by the invention, is used for preparing a controllable gradient pore support, breaks through the restriction that the diameters of all filling fibers of the existing extrusion type 3D printing product are the same, and expands the application field and scene of the extrusion type 3D printing technology.

Description

Extrusion type 3D printing method, printing system and application of continuous variable fiber diameter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomedical engineering, in particular to an extrusion type 3D printing method, a printing system and application of continuous variable fiber diameter.
Background
In the extrusion formula 3D printing process, automatic section is the important constitutional unit of printing system, and fiber distribution plays the decisive role to the pore structure of sample, and the technical characterstic that the formula 3D was printed in the tradition is extruded the head and is kept unchangeable at everywhere extrusion atmospheric pressure, translation speed, printing height, and this diameter that just leads to extruding formula 3D deposit fibre all is the same in whole printing route. Although the constant fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing strategy can complete the planning of the automatic slicing and printing path of the model very easily, and because the parameters are consistent everywhere, the uncertain factors involved are less, which is helpful to improve the success rate of extruding type 3D printing samples. However, the application and the expansion of the extrusion type 3D printing technology in the field of gradient pore scaffolds are also severely limited, the precise control of key printing parameters such as extrusion pressure, printing speed, extrusion head height and the like is difficult to realize, and the increasingly urgent requirements on the gradient pore scaffolds cannot be met.
For the existing research of an extrusion type 3D printing system, the fiber with the constant diameter is mainly formed in a layer-by-layer accumulation mode under the conditions of constant printing speed and constant extrusion head height, the obtained extrusion type 3D printing sample is generally a sample with uniform pores at each position, and the research of the extrusion type 3D printing on a gradient pore support is less. Although researches on obtaining scaffolds with different fiber diameters among layers by adjusting the printing speed so as to obtain an axial gradient pore structure are available, researches on how to realize a complex radial gradient pore structure (such as a 'cancellous bone-cortical bone' gradient pore structure of natural bone) imitating natural tissues are lacked.
Although the extruded 3D printed axial gradient pore scaffold can be obtained by adjusting the diameter size of the fibers between layers in the prior art, it is difficult to complete the preparation of the radial gradient pore structure. Although the Moroni team (Di Luca A, longoni A, criscenti G, et al. Forward printing the bone structure: design of novel structural scaffold with a structured radial position gradient [ J ]. Biofabrisation, 2016,8 (4): 15) and Mikos team (Diaz-Gomez L, kontoyianis P D, melchiorri A J, et al. Three-dimensional printing of Tissue Engineering scaffold with a structural gradient [ J ]. Tissue Engineering C-Methods, 3262 z3262 (7): 420) achieve significant printing by different radial diameter gradients in the radial direction of the target region and by the method of achieving different radial gradient gradients in the radial direction of the target region, and achieving significant printing of the desired gradient gradients based on the conventional gradient method.
Therefore, how to design and prepare the controllable gradient pore scaffold based on the extrusion type 3D printing is a big problem faced by the current extrusion type 3D printing technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing extrusion type 3D printing technology for preparing a gradient pore support, particularly provides an extrusion type 3D printing method, a printing system and application of a continuous variable fiber diameter for a radial gradient pore structure, provides a continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method with variable printing speed and variable extrusion head height, is used for preparing a controllable gradient pore support, breaks through the restriction that the diameters of filling fibers at all positions of the existing extrusion type 3D printing product are the same, and expands the application field and the scene of the extrusion type 3D printing technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the diameter of a fiber, which is characterized by establishing a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber and determining the corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber; by designing the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path, the variable printing speed and/or the variable height of the extrusion head are formed for printing, the continuous straightening fiber layer-by-layer stacking forming is realized, and the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled.
Preferably, beta-TCP and PCL with the molecular weight of 14000 are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4 to prepare the beta-TCP/PCL ink.
Preferably, the extrusion parameters are: the functional relation establishment process of the printing speed and the section area of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber when the extrusion air pressure is 400kPa, the inner diameter size of the extrusion head is 400 mu m and the heating temperature is 72 ℃ is as follows:
based on the law of conservation of mass, the volume of ink passing through the extrusion head per unit time and the unit length of deposited fiber are considered as follows (equation 1.1):
Figure BDA0003833810230000031
wherein V is the volume (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink extruded in unit time 3 ) (ii) a Q is the flow rate (mm) of the extrusion head 3 /s), as determined by equation (1.2), Q =3.75mm 3 S; Δ t is a unit time(s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 ) (ii) a Delta l is the length (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber in unit time;
Figure BDA0003833810230000032
wherein Q is the extruded flow rate (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 S); the mass (g) of the extruded ink within the time that m is 180s is obtained by weighing through an electronic balance; rho is the density (kg/m) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 ) Neglecting the influence of phase change on the density; t is the time taken to extrude the beta-TCP/PCL ink, t =180s;
Figure BDA0003833810230000033
in the formula, U is the flow rate (mm/s) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion; q is the flow (mm) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion 3 S); d is the extrusion head inner diameter dimension, D =400 μm;
the relationship between the printing speed and the fiber cross-sectional area can be obtained from (equation 1.1), as shown below (equation 1.4):
Figure BDA0003833810230000034
wherein v is a printing speed (mm/s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 )。
Preferably, the printing speed is always controlled to be 2-20 times of the flow rate of the extrusion of the beta-TCP/PCL ink.
Preferably, the height of the extrusion head is always controlled to be 0.4 to 1.0 times the inner diameter of the extrusion head.
Preferably, the ink material is PCL, or GelMA.
Preferably, the extrusion-type 3D printing is normal-temperature extrusion-type 3D printing or low-temperature freeze extrusion-type 3D printing.
The invention also provides a 3D printing system adopting the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, which comprises a printing head for filling ink, an extrusion head positioned at the lower end of the printing head and used for extruding the ink, a supporting platform for placing a printing product and a control device; the vertical distance between the extrusion head and the supporting platform is the height of the extrusion head, and the movement speed of the extrusion head is called as the printing speed; and the height of the extrusion head and the printing speed are adjusted and changed according to the control device.
The invention also provides application of the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method in printing gradient pore tissue engineering scaffolds, wherein the scaffolds comprise bone tissue engineering scaffolds, cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds, meniscus tissue engineering scaffolds and vascular tissue engineering scaffolds.
The invention also provides application of the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method in printing wearable flexible sensors or superstructures.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the diameter of a fiber, which is characterized in that a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber is established, and the corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber is determined; the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path are designed to form printing with variable printing speed and/or variable extrusion head height, so that the layer-by-layer stacking forming of continuous straightening warp fibers is realized, the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled, the restriction that the diameters of the filled fibers at each position of the existing extrusion type 3D printing product are the same is broken through, the controllable gradient pore bracket is used for preparing, the application of the extrusion type 3D printing technology in the gradient pore bracket is expanded, and the application field and the scene of the extrusion type 3D printing technology are expanded; according to the 3D printing system adopting the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, due to the fact that printing conditions such as ink materials, extrusion pressure, nozzle sizes and the like are different, the functional relation between the constructed printing speed and the fiber section area and the corresponding relation between the extrusion head height and the fiber state are different, but the printing method is the same in essential conception and high in universality.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a state diagram of a prior art extruded 3D printed fiber at different printing speeds and extrusion head heights;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional statistical plot of a prior art extruded 3D printed fiber at different printing speeds and extrusion head heights;
FIG. 3 is a graph of print speed versus fiber cross-sectional area for different extrusion head heights;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing system of the present invention, where A is a schematic diagram of variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing, B is a schematic diagram of shear thinning rheological properties of extrusion 3D printing ink, and C is a schematic diagram of a cross section of an extrusion 3D printed fiber;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of different extrusion head heights on the status of a continuously variable printing speed extrusion 3D printed fiber;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing system and the evaluation of samples according to example 1, wherein A is a conventional fiber stacking path; b, designing gradient data distribution for a target; c, fusing the traditional fiber stacking path with design gradient data; d is a CAD model for obtaining the variable-fiber-diameter extrusion type 3D printing single-layer fiber based on three-dimensional design software; e, writing a manufacturing code matched with the variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing design model based on the writing rule of the extrusion type 3D printer manufacturing code; f is a sample prepared by variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing; g is a 2D display of fiber width data; h is a 3D representation of the fiber width data.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The existing extrusion type 3D printing technology generally uses an automatic slicing method to obtain unit layers with the same thickness at each position of each layer, each layer is filled with fibers at a certain interval, the fibers between the layers are crossed at a certain angle, the cross angle is generally 90 degrees, and the diameters of the filled fibers at all positions are kept consistent.
The invention provides an extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the diameter of a fiber, which is characterized by establishing a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber and determining the corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber; by designing the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path, the variable printing speed and/or the variable height of the extrusion head are formed for printing, the continuous straightening fiber layer-by-layer stacking forming is realized, and the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled.
The invention introduces a continuous controllable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing system with variable printing speed and variable extrusion head height on the basis of the existing extrusion type 3D printing technology. The gradient pore structure is obtained by accurately controlling the diameter change of the filling fiber at each position, so that the fibers distributed at each position of the whole model are required to have the corresponding printing speed and the height of an extrusion head, and the condition and the diameter of the fibers can be ensured to be in accordance with the design expectation.
The invention needs to establish the functional relation between the printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber and determine the corresponding relation between the height of the extrusion head and the state of the fiber. For example, beta-TCP and PCL with molecular weight of 14000 are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4 to prepare the beta-TCP/PCL ink. The extrusion parameters were: when the extrusion air pressure is 400kPa, the inner diameter size of an extrusion head is 400 mu m, and the heating temperature is 72 ℃, a mathematical theoretical model is explored, and the establishment process of the functional relationship between the printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber is as follows:
based on the law of conservation of mass, the volume of ink passing through the extrusion head per unit time and the unit length of deposited fiber are considered as follows (equation 1.1):
Figure BDA0003833810230000061
wherein V is the volume (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink extruded in unit time 3 ) (ii) a Q is the flow (mm) of the extrusion head 3 /s), as determined by equation (1.2), Q =3.75mm 3 S; Δ t is a unit time(s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 ) (ii) a Delta l is the length (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber in unit time;
Figure BDA0003833810230000062
wherein Q is the flow (mm) of the extruded beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 S); the mass (g) of the extruded ink within the time that m is 180s is obtained by weighing through an electronic balance; rho is the density (kg/m) of beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 ) Neglecting the influence of phase change on the density; t is the time taken to extrude the beta-TCP/PCL ink, t =180s;
Figure BDA0003833810230000071
wherein U is the flow rate (mm/s) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion; q is the flow (mm) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion 3 S); d is the extrusion head inner diameter dimension, D =400 μm;
the relationship between the printing speed and the fiber cross-sectional area can be obtained from (equation 1.1), as shown below (equation 1.4):
Figure BDA0003833810230000072
wherein v is a printing speed (mm/s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 )。
Meanwhile, beta-TCP (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and PCL (Aldrich, USA) with the molecular weight of 14000 are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4 to prepare beta-TCP/PCL ink, and the extrusion parameters are as follows: when the extrusion pressure is 400kPa, the inner diameter size of the extrusion head is 400 mu m, and the heating temperature is 72 ℃, the functional relation between the printing speed and the section area of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber and the corresponding relation between the height of the extrusion head and the fiber state in the theoretical mathematical model are tested and verified from the experimental point of view, as follows:
fig. 1 is a state diagram of a conventional extrusion type 3D printing fiber at different printing speeds and at different heights of an extrusion head, in which a is a state statistical diagram of the conventional extrusion type 3D printing fiber at different printing speeds and at different heights of the extrusion head, and B is a picture of various fiber states. The results show that the fiber states can be divided into five types in total: submerged accumulation, squeeze and displacement, conventional deposition, suspended stretching, rope-rolling swing, as shown in fig. 1B. As shown in fig. 1A, too fast a printing speed and too high an extrusion head height will cause the 3D printed fiber rope to swing, a condition that is not suitable for extrusion 3D printing to build a sample by fiber build-up.
In order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the influence of the printing speed and the height of the extrusion head on the geometrical dimension of the cross section of the extruded fiber, the cross section of the fiber is evaluated based on the ImageJ image processing technology, and as shown in fig. 2, the cross section is a statistical graph of the cross section of the existing extrusion type 3D printed fiber under different printing speeds and different heights of the extrusion head. The results show that the section of the fiber deposited by the beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion material under the action of gravity is elliptical, and the section area is gradually reduced along with the increase of the printing speed.
The overall result shows that the printing speed has a large influence on the cross-sectional area of the fiber, the recommended printing speed is 2-20 times (which can be determined by the formula (1.3)) of the ink extrusion speed, and the influence of the height of the extrusion head on the cross-sectional area of the fiber is small and negligible; however, the height of the extrusion head has a large influence on the state of the fibers, and in order to maintain a good linear state of the deposited fibers, the height of the extrusion head is preferably 0.4 to 1.0 times the inner diameter of the extrusion head.
As shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the printing speed and the fiber cross-sectional area at different heights of the extrusion head is shown, and the influence of different heights (0.2 mm-1.6 mm) of the extrusion head on the cross-sectional area of the extruded 3D printed fiber is explored at the same gradient printing speed, and the results show that the experimental data are basically consistent with the mathematical theoretical model. Specifically, when the printing speed is higher, the influence of the heights of different extrusion heads on the cross-sectional area of the fiber at the same printing speed is small; however, as the printing speed decreases, the influence of the height of the extrusion head on the experimental value of the cross-sectional area of the fiber increases, and the error caused by the influence of the height of the extrusion head on the state of the fiber is considered.
Based on the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, the mathematical theoretical model and the experimental result thereof, the invention provides a 3D printing system adopting the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, as shown in FIG. 4, comprising a printing head for filling ink, an extrusion head positioned at the lower end of the printing head for extruding the ink, a supporting platform for placing a printing product and a control device; the vertical distance between the extrusion head and the supporting platform is the height of the extrusion head, and the movement speed of the extrusion head is called as the printing speed; and the height of the extrusion head and the printing speed are adjusted and changed according to the control device. Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing. The main requirements of the extrusion type 3D printing technology on the printing ink are that the printing ink has shear thinning rheological property, and the rheological property of the β -TCP/PCL ink is measured by antopar rheometer (Anton Paar GmbH MCR 302) at 72 ℃ and the result is shown in fig. 4B. Fig. 4C is a schematic diagram of extruded 3D printed β -TCP/PCL ink deposited as oval cross-section fibers due to gravity, where the key parameters are cross-sectional area, cross-sectional width, and cross-sectional height.
FIG. 5 shows the effect of different extrusion head heights on the state of fibers for extrusion-type 3D printing at a continuously variable printing speed, and the result shows that too high an extrusion head height will cause rope sway, which is not suitable for extrusion-type 3D printing layer-by-layer fiber stacking molding, and the accuracy of the conclusion obtained in FIG. 3 is laterally verified.
According to the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, the main requirement of the extrusion type 3D printing technology on printing ink is that the printing ink has rheological property of shear thinning, and ink materials include but are not limited to beta-TCP/PCL, gelMA and the like.
According to the extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the fiber diameter, disclosed by the invention, the extrusion type 3D printing comprises but is not limited to normal-temperature extrusion type 3D printing or low-temperature freezing extrusion type 3D printing.
The invention also provides application of the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method in printing gradient pore tissue engineering scaffolds, wherein the scaffolds comprise bone tissue engineering scaffolds, cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds, meniscus tissue engineering scaffolds and vascular tissue engineering scaffolds.
The invention also provides application of the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing method in printing wearable flexible sensors or superstructures.
Example 1
beta-TCP (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and PCL (Aldrich, USA) with the molecular weight of 14000 are selected to be mixed in a weight ratio of 25% (w/w) to prepare the beta-TCP/PCL ink material. Selecting an extrusion type 3D printer Regenovo produced by China Jenno
Figure BDA0003833810230000091
WS is used as a hardware platform of the research, the printer can realize XYZ three-coordinate axis linkage, meet the requirements of the printer on the motion control of the printing speed and the height of the extrusion head, and obtain the writing rule of the manufacturing code of the printer. In addition, the control software matched with the extrusion type 3D printer is Bio-Architect.exe。
First, the ink was placed in a heating cabinet at 72 ℃ for 1 hour, and then stirred well with a spatula at room temperature, and this process was repeated 3 times.
Next, it is fused with conventional fiber stacking path, gradient data, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6D. Given a certain printing speed and extrusion head height at different positions according to the gradient data, a manufacturing code matching the continuous variable fiber diameter model was obtained based on the writing rules of the manufacturing code of the commercial extrusion 3D printer, as shown in fig. 6E. Finally, a commercial extrusion type 3D printer Regenovo is used
Figure BDA0003833810230000092
The control software Bio-architecture. Exe for WS calls the specific manufacturing code described above and using β -TCP/PCL material as printing ink, a continuously variable fiber diameter sample was obtained, as shown in fig. 6F.
Qualitative results for sample width were obtained based on ImageJ image processing, as shown in fig. 6G and 6H. The result shows that the accurate control and preparation of the fiber with the controllable diameter can be realized based on the continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion type 3D printing, and the feasibility of the invention is verified.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the diameter of a fiber, which is characterized in that a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber is established, and the corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber is determined; the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path are designed to form printing with variable printing speed and/or variable extrusion head height, so that the layer-by-layer stacking forming of continuous straightening warp fibers is realized, the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled, the restriction that the diameters of the filled fibers at each position of the existing extrusion type 3D printing product are the same is broken through, the controllable gradient pore bracket is used for preparing, the application of the extrusion type 3D printing technology in the gradient pore bracket is expanded, and the application field and the scene of the extrusion type 3D printing technology are expanded; according to the 3D printing system adopting the extrusion type 3D printing method with the continuously variable fiber diameter, due to the fact that printing conditions such as ink materials, extrusion pressure, nozzle sizes and the like are different, the functional relation between the constructed printing speed and the fiber section area and the corresponding relation between the extrusion head height and the fiber state are different, but the printing method is the same in essential conception and high in universality.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and is not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention and other embodiments of the invention without the creative effort of those skilled in the art are included in the protection scope of the invention based on the explanation here.

Claims (10)

1. An extrusion type 3D printing method for continuously changing the diameter of a fiber is characterized in that a functional relation between a printing speed and the cross-sectional area of the fiber is established, and a corresponding relation between the height of an extrusion head and the state of the fiber is determined; by designing the printing speed and/or the height of the extrusion head at each position of the printing path, the variable printing speed and/or the variable height of the extrusion head are formed for printing, the continuous straightening fiber layer-by-layer stacking forming is realized, and the fiber diameter at each position after forming is accurately controlled.
2. The extrusion-type 3D printing method with continuously variable fiber diameter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beta-TCP and PCL with molecular weight of 14000 are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 4 to prepare the beta-TCP/PCL ink.
3. The method of continuously variable fiber diameter extruded 3D printing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the extrusion parameters are: the functional relation establishment process of the printing speed and the section area of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber when the extrusion air pressure is 400kPa, the inner diameter size of the extrusion head is 400 mu m and the heating temperature is 72 ℃ is as follows:
based on the law of conservation of mass, the volume of ink passing through the extrusion head per unit time and the unit length of deposited fiber are considered as follows (equation 1.1):
Figure FDA0003833810220000011
wherein V is the volume (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink extruded in unit time 3 ) (ii) a Q is the flow (mm) of the extrusion head 3 S) can be determined by the formula (1.2), Q =3.75mm 3 S; Δ t is a unit time(s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 ) (ii) a Delta l is the length (mm) of the extruded 3D printed beta-TCP/PCL fiber in unit time;
Figure FDA0003833810220000012
wherein Q is the extruded flow rate (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 S); the mass (g) of the extruded ink within the time that m is 180s is obtained by weighing through an electronic balance; rho is the density (kg/m) of the beta-TCP/PCL ink 3 ) Neglecting the effect of phase change on its density; t is the time taken to extrude the beta-TCP/PCL ink, t =180s;
Figure FDA0003833810220000021
wherein U is the flow rate (mm/s) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion; q is the flow (mm) of beta-TCP/PCL ink extrusion 3 S); d is the extrusion head inner diameter dimension, D =400 μm;
the relationship between the printing speed and the fiber cross-sectional area can be obtained from (equation 1.1), as shown below (equation 1.4):
Figure FDA0003833810220000022
wherein v is a printing speed (mm/s); s is the cross-sectional area (mm) of the beta-TCP/PCL fiber 2 )。
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the printing speed is always controlled to be 2-20 times the flow rate of the extrusion of the β -TCP/PCL ink.
5. The method of continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing as in claim 2, wherein the extrusion head height is always controlled to be 0.4-1.0 times the inner diameter of the extrusion head.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ink material is PCL or GelMA.
7. The method of continuously variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing as in claim 1, wherein the extrusion 3D printing is room temperature extrusion 3D printing or low temperature freeze extrusion 3D printing.
8. A 3D printing system using the method of continuous variable fiber diameter extrusion 3D printing according to any of claims 1-7, comprising a print head for loading ink, an extrusion head at the lower end of the print head for extruding ink, and a support platform and control means for placing a printed product; the vertical distance between the extrusion head and the supporting platform is the height of the extrusion head, and the movement speed of the extrusion head is called as the printing speed; and the height of the extrusion head and the printing speed are adjusted and changed according to the control device.
9. Use of the continuous variable fiber diameter extruded 3D printing method of any of claims 1-7 for printing gradient pore tissue engineering scaffolds including bone tissue engineering scaffolds, cartilage tissue engineering scaffolds, meniscus tissue engineering scaffolds and vascular tissue engineering scaffolds.
10. Use of a method of continuously variable fiber diameter extruded 3D printing according to any of claims 1 to 7 for printing wearable flexible sensors or superstructures.
CN202211082302.9A 2022-09-06 2022-09-06 Extrusion type 3D printing method, printing system and application of continuous variable fiber diameter Pending CN115476508A (en)

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