CN115475960A - Arc additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel material cabin - Google Patents
Arc additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel material cabin Download PDFInfo
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- CN115475960A CN115475960A CN202211149719.2A CN202211149719A CN115475960A CN 115475960 A CN115475960 A CN 115475960A CN 202211149719 A CN202211149719 A CN 202211149719A CN 115475960 A CN115475960 A CN 115475960A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin, which belongs to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric arc additive manufacturing, in particular to an electric arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin.
Background
When the 316L stainless steel material cabin body is produced, the traditional casting mode has the problems of long period, high cost and low yield, the rapid additive manufacturing forming technology does not need die processing, the production period can be greatly shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the material and the production cost can be saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electric arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin, which can solve the problems pointed out in the background technology.
An electric arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin body comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, and importing the three-dimensional model into Iungo PNT software to simulate the material adding path;
step two: executing a preprinting experiment to obtain a preprinting piece, carrying out heat treatment on the preprinting piece, and carrying out nondestructive testing, chemical component testing and mechanical property testing on the preprinting piece after the heat treatment to obtain a testing result;
step three: if all detection results are qualified, performing the next step;
if one of the detection results is unqualified, optimizing a preprinting scheme and re-executing a preprinting experiment;
step four: starting formal printing of the blank to obtain the blank;
step five: carrying out heat treatment on the blank, carrying out size detection and nondestructive detection on the blank after the heat treatment, and carrying out mechanical property detection and chemical component detection on a furnace sample to obtain a detection result;
step six: if all the detection results are qualified, the next step is carried out;
if the size detection is unqualified, further processing the blank by repair welding or machining, if the blank is qualified after processing, performing the next step, and if the blank is unqualified after processing, scrapping the blank and reprinting the blank;
if the nondestructive testing is unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
if the chemical components along with the furnace sample are unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again after the welding wire is replaced;
if the mechanical property detection along with the furnace sample is unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
step seven: machining the blank;
step eight: carrying out size detection on the machined blank, carrying out the next step if the size detection is qualified, and carrying out the second step to the eighth step again if the size detection is unqualified;
step nine: processing the surface of the qualified blank to obtain a finished workpiece;
in the pre-printing experiment in the second step, the three-dimensional model is required to be modified according to the pre-printing requirement before printing, and the material adding path is simulated;
the pre-printing requirement is to print a special structure of a workpiece or to reduce the whole workpiece;
the process of optimizing the preprinting scheme according to the detection result in the third step is as follows:
if internal defects of unfused, air holes and cracks exist, the temperature and humidity of the printing environment and the welding process parameter testing need to be modified again: current, voltage, wire feed speed, until printing out qualified preprinted copy, obtain suitable vibration material disk software parameter: layer height, speed, path mode.
The welding process parameters adopted by formal printing in the fourth step are the welding process parameters of qualified preprinted parts;
in the sixth step, if the workpiece cannot reach the required size in a repair welding mode, modifying the three-dimensional model, increasing the allowance of the position with unqualified size, and printing again;
the unqualified requirements of the mechanical properties in the third step and the sixth step are as follows: the tensile strength is less than 480MPa at normal temperature; the tensile strength is less than 250Mpa at 300 ℃;
in the sixth step, the unqualified requirements of the nondestructive testing are as follows: has stripe defects, penetration defects or circular defects with a diameter greater than 2 mm;
the qualified requirements of the chemical component detection on the mass percent of the chemical components are as follows: c is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; si is less than or equal to 1.00 percent; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.045%; cr is more than or equal to 16.00 percent and less than or equal to 18.00 percent; ni is more than or equal to 10.00 percent and less than or equal to 14.00 percent; mo is more than or equal to 2.00 percent and less than or equal to 3.00 percent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, only the special structure part of the workpiece is printed or the workpiece is integrally reduced and then printed by adopting a preprinting experiment, so that the additive process parameters and the additive software parameters can be tested under the condition of reducing the cost and the test time, the problem in the subsequent blank additive process is reduced, the yield of the workpiece is favorably improved, compared with the traditional casting method, the additive manufacturing method solves the problems of overlong delivery cycle of single pieces and small-batch pieces and overlow yield of the single pieces, and the rapid and customized delivery of the product is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the stainless steel cabin of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an arc additive manufacturing flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 2, an electric arc additive manufacturing method for a 316L stainless steel material cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, and importing the three-dimensional model into Iungo PNT software to simulate the material adding path;
step two: executing a preprinting experiment to obtain a preprinting piece, carrying out heat treatment on the preprinting piece, and carrying out nondestructive testing, chemical component testing and mechanical property testing on the preprinting piece after the heat treatment to obtain a testing result;
step three: if all the detection results are qualified, the next step is carried out;
if one of the detection results is unqualified, optimizing a preprinting scheme and re-executing a preprinting experiment;
step four: starting formal printing of the blank, wherein the welding process parameters of the formal printing are the welding process parameters of qualified preprinted pieces, the material adding path is the simulated path in the step one, and the blank is obtained after the printing is finished;
step five: carrying out heat treatment on the blank, carrying out size detection and nondestructive detection on the blank after the heat treatment, and carrying out mechanical property detection and chemical component detection on a furnace sample to obtain a detection result;
step six: if all the detection results are qualified, the next step is carried out;
if the size detection is unqualified, further processing the blank by repair welding or machining, if the blank is qualified after processing, performing the next step, and if the blank is unqualified after processing, scrapping the blank and reprinting the blank; if the workpiece cannot reach the required size in a repair welding mode, modifying the three-dimensional model, increasing the allowance of the position with unqualified size, and reprinting the blank piece;
step seven: machining the blank;
step eight: carrying out size detection on the machined blank, carrying out the next step if the size detection is qualified, and carrying out the second step to the eighth step again if the size detection is unqualified;
step nine: and processing the surface of the qualified blank to obtain a finished workpiece.
Irradiating by X-rays, if the inside of the workpiece has strip defects, penetrating defects or circular defects with the diameter larger than 2mm, then the nondestructive testing is unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
through detection, if the mass percentages of a plurality of chemical components along with the furnace sample chemical components are all as follows: c is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; si is less than or equal to 1.00 percent; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.045%; cr is more than or equal to 16.00 percent and less than or equal to 18.00 percent; ni is more than or equal to 10.00 percent and less than or equal to 14.00 percent; mo is more than or equal to 2.00% and less than or equal to 3.00%, the chemical components of the blank are qualified along with the detection of the furnace sample, if the Mo is not more than or equal to 2.00%, the chemical components of the blank along with the furnace sample are unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again after the welding wire is replaced;
through detection, the tensile strength of the workpiece is less than 480MPa at normal temperature; at 300 ℃, if the tensile strength of the workpiece is less than 250Mpa, the tensile strength is unqualified along with the detection of the mechanical property of the furnace sample, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
after the three-dimensional model is constructed, analyzing and optimizing according to the characteristics of the electric arc additive manufacturing process to optimize a blank part digital model required by additive manufacturing; most of structures of the inner wall of the part are difficult to machine, and due to low requirement on roughness, the parts of the inner wall except the mounting block are not thickened, the surface flatness is realized by polishing, and the part of the inner wall with the mounting block has a margin of 5 mm; the outer wall part is left with a margin of 5 mm; the two end surfaces of the bottom and the top are respectively provided with 10mm allowance; the margin of 10mm is reserved on the radial single side of the flange structure, the margin is reserved by the method, the efficiency and the quality of material increase manufacturing can be guaranteed, the minimum cutting amount of material reduction can be guaranteed, and after the digital-analog optimization of the printing blank is completed, the digital-analog is guided into software by utilizing Iungo PNT software according to the appearance structural characteristics of the shell blank and the corresponding path process, so that the material increase path is simulated;
before the preprinting experiment and the formal printing of blank blanks, the surface of the substrate is cleaned, so that the surface of the substrate is free from oil stains, water stains, oxidation films and other factors which influence the additive quality;
the preprinting experiment in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1: before printing, the three-dimensional model needs to be modified (namely, the whole workpiece is reduced, or only the special structure of the workpiece is printed);
s2: simulating the additive path according to the pre-printing model;
s3: testing the printing process, testing proper additive process parameters (current, voltage and wire feeding speed), and obtaining proper additive software parameters: layer height, speed, path mode;
s4: printing qualified preprinted parts according to the tested corresponding process parameters;
the blank and the preprinted part after printing are generally subjected to solid solution aging treatment to enhance the performance of the workpiece, and a special heat treatment furnace for corresponding materials is selected as a heat treatment furnace; stabilizing treatment is added in the middle of related working procedures as required to release the stress in the workpiece;
the process of optimizing the preprinting scheme according to the detection result in the third step is as follows:
if internal defects such as unfused, air holes and cracks exist, the temperature and humidity of the printing environment and the welding process parameter testing need to be modified again: current, voltage, wire feed speed, until printing out qualified preprinted copy, obtain suitable vibration material disk software parameter: layer height, speed, path mode;
during the preprinting experiment, only the special structure part of the workpiece is printed or the workpiece is integrally reduced and then printed, so that the additive process parameters and the additive software parameters can be tested under the condition of reducing the cost and the test time, the problems in the subsequent blank additive process are reduced, and the yield of the workpiece is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. An electric arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin body is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: building a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, and importing the three-dimensional model into Iungo PNT software to simulate the material adding path;
step two: executing a preprinting experiment to obtain a preprinting piece, carrying out heat treatment on the preprinting piece, and carrying out nondestructive testing, chemical component testing and mechanical property testing on the preprinting piece after the heat treatment to obtain a testing result;
step three: if all the detection results are qualified, the next step is carried out;
if one of the detection results is unqualified, optimizing a preprinting scheme and re-executing a preprinting experiment;
step four: starting formal printing of the blank to obtain the blank;
step five: carrying out heat treatment on the blank, carrying out size detection and nondestructive detection on the blank after the heat treatment, and carrying out mechanical property detection and chemical component detection on the furnace sample to obtain a detection result;
step six: if all the detection results are qualified, the next step is carried out;
if the size detection is unqualified, further processing the blank by repair welding or machining, if the blank is qualified after processing, performing the next step, and if the blank is unqualified after processing, scrapping the blank and reprinting the blank;
if the nondestructive testing is unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
if the chemical components along with the furnace sample are unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again after the welding wire is replaced;
if the mechanical property along with the furnace sample is unqualified, the blank is scrapped, and the blank is printed again;
step seven: machining the blank;
step eight: carrying out size detection on the machined blank, carrying out the next step if the size detection is qualified, and carrying out the second step to the eighth step again if the size detection is unqualified;
step nine: and processing the surface of the qualified blank to obtain a finished workpiece.
2. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein the preprinting experiment in the second step requires modifying the three-dimensional model according to preprinting requirements before printing and simulating an additive path;
the pre-printing requirement is to print a special structure of a workpiece or to shrink the whole workpiece.
3. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material tank body according to claim 1, wherein the process of optimizing the preprinting scheme according to the detection result in the third step is as follows:
if the defects of unfused, air holes and cracks exist, the temperature and humidity of the printing environment and the welding process parameters need to be modified again: current, voltage, wire feed speed, until a qualified preprinted piece is printed, obtaining appropriate additive software parameters: layer height, speed, path mode.
4. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein the welding process parameters adopted in the formal printing in the fourth step are welding process parameters of qualified preprinted parts.
5. The arc additive manufacturing method of a 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, if the workpiece cannot reach the required size by repair welding, the three-dimensional model is modified, the allowance of the position with the unqualified size is increased, and printing is performed again.
6. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein the unqualified mechanical properties in the third step and the sixth step are both: the tensile strength is less than 480MPa at normal temperature; the tensile strength is less than 250MPa at 300 ℃.
7. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the non-destructive testing fail requirements are: has a stripe defect, a penetration defect or a circular defect having a diameter of more than 2 mm.
8. The arc additive manufacturing method of the 316L stainless steel material cabin according to claim 1, wherein the qualified requirements of the chemical component detection on the chemical component mass percentage are as follows: c is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; si is less than or equal to 1.00 percent; mn is less than or equal to 2.00 percent; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.045%; cr is more than or equal to 16.00 percent and less than or equal to 18.00 percent; ni is more than or equal to 10.00 percent and less than or equal to 14.00 percent; mo is more than or equal to 2.00 percent and less than or equal to 3.00 percent.
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| CN202211149719.2A CN115475960A (en) | 2022-09-21 | 2022-09-21 | Arc additive manufacturing method of 316L stainless steel material cabin |
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