CN115468168A - Tar separation and removal device and method - Google Patents

Tar separation and removal device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115468168A
CN115468168A CN202210903195.5A CN202210903195A CN115468168A CN 115468168 A CN115468168 A CN 115468168A CN 202210903195 A CN202210903195 A CN 202210903195A CN 115468168 A CN115468168 A CN 115468168A
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reactor
tar
cylinder
thermal cracking
pipeline
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康颖
吴祖成
叶定逊
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Zhejiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center
Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
    • C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tar separation and removal device, which comprises a first reactor, a second reactor and a third reactor which are sequentially communicated, wherein the first reactor is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and a first water vapor inlet is formed in the side wall of the first reactor; a second water vapor inlet is formed in the side wall of the second reactor; the first reactor comprises a first shell, at least one first plasma torch is arranged inside the first shell, the first plasma torch comprises an insulated first cylinder body with an upper opening and a lower opening, a first grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the first cylinder body, and a first corona electrode is arranged at the center inside the first cylinder body. The invention also provides a tar separation and removal method. According to the invention, the tar in the waste gas is separated, removed and collected through the three-stage reactor, 99% of tar in the waste gas can be removed and collected after passing through the second reactor, the rest of tar passes through the third reactor to further physically adsorb the tar, and meanwhile, the catalytic reaction is carried out to further degrade the rest of tar, so that the qualified discharge of the waste gas is realized.

Description

Tar separation and removal device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tar treatment, in particular to a tar separation and removal device and a tar separation and removal method.
Background
China is the country with the largest population and the largest amount of generated solid wastes in the world, about 100 hundred million tons of solid wastes are newly added every year, the total historical stockpiling amount is as high as 600 hundred million-700 hundred million tons, china is still at the stage of rapid urbanization at present, the land of a sanitary landfill is short and difficult to add, and many landfill sites face the dilemma of needing comprehensive sealing due to secondary pollution such as use time limit, percolate and the like. The solid waste, particularly the urban garbage rich organic matter has combustibility and chemical energy saturation, contains about 10MJ/kg of heat or the volume energy density of 15.6-26.8MJ/L, and reportedly, the proportion of combustible components screened out from the urban garbage landfill site is 38-50 percent, so that the solid waste is considerable for recovering heat energy and resources. The recycling of municipal waste is the development direction of solid waste treatment in the future.
At present, the prior art adopts a scheme of recovering heat energy for power generation by adopting an incineration process, but the incineration method generates a large amount of fly ash, dioxin and the like, has a serious secondary pollution problem, has an excessively small treatment scale (less than 500 tons/day) and has a limited economic value.
Therefore, the cracking gasification technology of organic garbage is researched, and the cracking gasification technology of organic garbage refers to a process that under the condition of no oxygen or lack of oxygen, macromolecules of organic components in the garbage are broken to generate micromolecular gas, tar and residues, so that organic matters separated from household garbage, stored garbage and mixed garbage can be effectively treated. This technique replaces traditional burning furnace that burns with novel schizolysis gasification system device, utilizes living beings pyrolysis technology, converts the organic matter into clean energy gas. The garbage pyrolysis gasification technology not only realizes harmless, reduction and recycling of garbage, but also can effectively overcome the problem of dioxin pollution generated by garbage incineration, thereby becoming a garbage treatment technology with greater development prospect.
One disadvantage of this technique is that a large amount of tar is produced, which accounts for about 10% to 50% of the organic solid waste treatment capacity, depending on the type of organic waste and the proportion of oxygen supplied. The tar components are very complex, the main components are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, beautiful jade and the like, and the tar components cannot be directly used and are difficult to extract. If not treated, the tar will be condensed along with the temperature reduction to cause the problems of blockage of the subsequent waste gas purification system device, and the tar is also listed in the dangerous solid waste category by the country. In the prior art, tar is refined into fuel oil, but the process needs further hydrocracking to prepare light tar, the quality of the oil product is poor compared with that of a petroleum product, the heating and cracking process in the tar reprocessing process inevitably causes energy waste, and the economic value is very low.
The tar is a pollutant which belongs to dangerous solid waste, is an energetic fuel, is suitable for fully utilizing the high heat contained in the tar, is a single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, and contains much higher heat value and energy than household garbage. How to collect the high efficiency and low energy consumption is a great challenge in the current technology.
The electric decoking can reduce the coagulation of tar, but the tar is a nonpolar substance, so the electric conductivity is weaker, and the high-efficiency implementation of the electric decoking is not facilitated. The electric tar precipitator for industrial gas purification, as disclosed in the prior art CN209020578U, comprises an electric tar precipitator body, national standard explosion-proof holes are opened on the upper portion of the left side surface of the electric tar precipitator body, insulation boxes are arranged on the left and right sides of the top of the electric tar precipitator body, a precipitation tube bundle is installed inside the electric tar precipitator body, a corona electrode is arranged on the upper side of the precipitation tube bundle, a precipitation electrode is arranged on the lower side of the precipitation tube bundle, an upper suspension umbrella frame is arranged above the precipitation tube bundle, a lower suspension umbrella frame is installed below the precipitation tube bundle, a gas distributor is arranged below the heavy hammer, gas distribution plates are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the gas distributor, a resonance chamber is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the electric tar precipitator body, and a sound inspection hole is opened on the outer side wall of the resonance chamber.
In conclusion, the invention provides a tar separation and removal device and a tar separation and removal method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tar separation and removal device and method, aiming at solving the technical problem of low tar removal efficiency in the prior art. The invention fully utilizes the water vapor contained in the domestic garbage cracking gasification process, takes the coexisting water vapor as an atomic source, activates tar components under the action of an electric field, generates polar components to enhance the conductivity, collects the polar components on a corona electrode, purifies the tail gas and can improve the requirement of reaching the emission standard.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tar separation and removal device comprises a first reactor, a second reactor and a third reactor which are sequentially communicated, wherein the first reactor is communicated with an air inlet pipeline and is used for introducing waste gas containing tar, a first steam inlet is formed in the side wall of the first reactor, and a first discharge port is formed in the bottom of the first reactor; the first reactor is communicated with the second reactor through a first pipeline, a second water vapor inlet is formed in the side wall of the second reactor, and a second discharge port is formed in the bottom of the second reactor; the second reactor is communicated with the third reactor through a second pipeline, the bottom of the third reactor is provided with a third discharge port, and the side wall of the third reactor is also provided with a gas outlet;
the first reactor comprises a first shell, at least one first plasma torch is arranged inside the first shell, the first plasma torch comprises an insulated first cylinder body with an upper opening and a lower opening, a first grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the first cylinder body, and a first corona electrode is arranged at the center inside the first cylinder body.
Further, the second reactor comprises a second shell, at least one second plasma torch is arranged inside the second shell, the second plasma torch comprises an insulated second cylinder body with an upper opening and a lower opening, a second grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the second cylinder body, and a second corona electrode is arranged in the center inside the second cylinder body.
Furthermore, a plurality of grooves are formed in the inner walls of the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode, so that the collection of liquid tar is facilitated.
Further, the third reactor comprises a third shell, at least one third plasma torch is arranged in the third shell, the third plasma torch comprises an insulated third cylinder with an upper opening and a lower opening, a third grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the outer wall of the third cylinder, and a third corona electrode is arranged in the center of the inside of the third cylinder; and a catalyst is filled between the third corona electrode and the inner wall of the third cylinder.
Furthermore, the catalyst comprises a carrier and a coating on the surface of the carrier, wherein the carrier is porous particles and is made of Al 2 O 3 、CaNaSiOAlO、3/4CaO1/4Na 2 OAl 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 One or more of; the plating layer is metal oxide.
Further, a first sensor is arranged on the air inlet pipeline and used for detecting the tar concentration.
Furthermore, a second sensor is arranged on the first pipeline and used for detecting the concentration of tar; the tar concentration detected by the second sensor is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor, and the tar purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the first reactor is calculated.
Furthermore, a third sensor is arranged on the second pipeline and used for detecting the concentration of tar; the tar concentration detected by the third sensor is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor, and the tar purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the second reactor is calculated.
Furthermore, the gas outlet is connected with an outlet pipeline, and a fourth sensor for detecting tar content is arranged on the outlet pipeline.
Furthermore, the inlet end of the first pipeline is arranged close to the top of the first reactor, and the outlet end of the first pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the second reactor; the inlet end of the second pipeline is arranged close to the top of the second reactor, and the outlet end of the second pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the third reactor.
Furthermore, the diameter of the first cylinder is 100mm-1000mm, the diameter of the second cylinder is 100mm-1000mm, and the diameter of the third cylinder is 20mm-500mm.
Furthermore, the wall thickness of the third cylinder is 2-20mm.
Further, the tar separation and removal device also comprises a thermal cracking furnace, wherein the thermal cracking furnace is arranged at the front end of the first reactor, and the thermal cracking furnace is communicated with the first reactor through an air inlet pipeline; a material inlet is formed above the thermal cracking furnace and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace, a reducing gas inlet is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace, and a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace;
the plasma torch comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell, an insulating layer is wrapped on the outer surface of the thermal cracking corona electrode, the thermal cracking corona electrode is connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode; the area above the plasma torch and between the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace is a waste drying area.
Wherein the reducing gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, argon, etc.
The invention also provides a tar separation and removal method, which is applied to the tar separation and removal device and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, introducing waste gas containing tar into a first reactor through an air inlet pipeline, and simultaneously introducing water vapor into the first reactor through a first water vapor inlet; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the first reactor and the voltage and current of the first corona electrode to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state in the first reactor and is subjected to an emulsification reaction with water molecules, and meanwhile, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the water molecules are decomposed to be degraded;
s2, the emulsified tar molecules are adsorbed on a first grounding electrode in a first reactor, and are discharged from a first discharge port after being gathered, and the rest gas is introduced into a second reactor through a first pipeline, and simultaneously, water vapor is introduced into the second reactor through a second water vapor inlet; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the second reactor and the voltage and current of the second corona electrode to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state in the first reactor and is subjected to an emulsion reaction with water molecules, and meanwhile, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the decomposition of the water molecules to be degraded;
and S3, introducing the gas purified by the second reactor into a third reactor through a second pipeline, adjusting the temperature in the third reactor and the voltage and current of a third corona electrode, further collecting tar, and simultaneously further degrading and removing the residual trace tar.
Furthermore, the temperature in the first reactor is 200-800 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the first cylinder is 100-1000mm, the access voltage of the first corona electrode is 20-100KV, the access current is 0.05-0.10A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the first reactor is 50-100s;
the temperature in the second reactor is 150-250 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the second cylinder is 100-1000mm, the access voltage of the second corona electrode is 20-100KV, the access current is 0.05-0.10A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the second reactor is 50-100s;
the temperature in the third reactor is 100-250 ℃, the diameter of the third cylinder is 20-500mm, the access voltage of the third corona electrode is 10-100KV, the access current is 0.12-0.50A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the third reactor is 1-25s.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the separation, removal and collection of tar in the waste gas are realized through the three-stage reactor, the qualified discharge of tail gas is realized, the plasma torches in the first reactor and the second reactor are both in a structural form that corona electrodes are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, water vapor is introduced, the water vapor is decomposed into charged hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms under the regulation of certain temperature, humidity and electric power, the tar and the hydroxyl radicals are subjected to addition reaction to increase-OH groups on tar molecules, and the groups have high hydrophilicity, so that the tar is emulsified, and therefore, the high conductivity is realized. After passing through the second reactor, 99% of tar in the waste gas can pass through the third reactor, and the remaining tar is further physically adsorbed by the filler in the third reactor, so that qualified discharge of the waste gas is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first plasma torch according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-first reactor, 101-first water vapor inlet, 102-first discharge, 103-first cylinder, 104-first grounding electrode, 105-first corona electrode,
2-second reactor, 201-second water vapor inlet, 202-second discharge, 203-second cylinder, 204-second ground, 205-second corona,
3-third reactor, 301-third discharge, 302-gas outlet, 303-third cylinder, 304-third ground, 305-third corona,
4-thermal cracking furnace, 401-thermal cracking corona electrode, 402-thermal cracking grounding electrode, 403-reducing gas inlet, 404-slag outlet,
5-air inlet pipeline, 6-first pipeline, 7-second pipeline, 8-first sensor, 9-second sensor, 10-third sensor, 11-fourth sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a tar separation and removal device, which comprises a first reactor 1, a second reactor 2 and a third reactor 3 which are sequentially communicated, wherein the first reactor 1 is communicated with an air inlet pipeline 5 and is used for introducing waste gas containing tar, a first water vapor inlet 101 is arranged on the side wall of the first reactor 1, and a first discharge port 102 is arranged at the bottom of the first reactor 1; the first reactor 1 is communicated with the second reactor 2 through a first pipeline 6, the side wall of the second reactor 2 is provided with a second water vapor inlet 201, and the bottom of the second reactor 2 is provided with a second discharge port 202; the second reactor 2 is communicated with the third reactor 3 through a second pipeline 7, a third discharge port 301 is arranged at the bottom of the third reactor 3, and a gas outlet 302 is also arranged on the side wall of the third reactor 3;
the first reactor 1 comprises a first shell, at least one first plasma torch is arranged inside the first shell, the first plasma torch comprises an insulated first cylinder 103 with an upper opening and a lower opening, a first grounding electrode 104 is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the first cylinder 103, and a first corona electrode 105 is arranged at the center inside the first cylinder 103. When the first housing interior contains a plurality of first plasma torches, a plurality of plasma torch arrays are discharged. The diameter of the first cylinder 103 is 100mm-1000mm, and the thickness of the side wall of the first cylinder is 5mm-50mm. The first cylinder 103 is made of an insulating material, the insulating material is one or more of mica, asbestos, quartz cloth, glass fiber, ceramic, alumina and zirconia, and the first grounding electrode 104 is closely attached to the first cylinder 103.
Further, the second reactor 2 comprises a second shell, at least one second plasma torch is arranged in the second shell, the structure of the second plasma torch is the same as that of the first plasma torch, the second plasma torch comprises an insulated second cylinder 203 with an upper opening and a lower opening, a second grounding electrode 204 is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the second cylinder 203, and a second corona electrode 205 is arranged in the center of the inner part of the second cylinder 203.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 2, the inner walls of the first grounding electrode 104 and the second grounding electrode 204 are provided with a plurality of grooves, which is beneficial to collecting liquid tar and improving the collecting efficiency.
Further, the third reactor 3 comprises a third shell, inside which at least one third plasma is arrangedThe second plasma torch comprises an insulated third cylinder 303 with an upper opening and a lower opening, the diameter of the third cylinder 303 is 20mm-500mm, and the wall thickness is 2mm-20mm. A third grounding electrode 304 is arranged on the circumference of the outer wall of the third cylinder 303, and a third corona electrode 305 is arranged in the center of the inside of the third cylinder 303; catalyst is filled between the third corona electrode 305 and the inner wall of the third cylinder 303. The catalyst comprises a carrier and a coating on the surface of the carrier, wherein the carrier is porous particles and is made of Al 2 O 3 、CaNaSiOAlO、3/4CaO1/4Na 2 OAl 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 One or more of; the coating is metal oxide, such as oxide of one or two elements of Ni, mn, zn, co, cu and Fe. The metal oxide is of a nanostructure.
Further, a first sensor 8 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline 5 and used for detecting the tar concentration. A second sensor 9 is arranged on the first pipeline 6 and is used for detecting the tar concentration; the tar concentration detected by the second sensor 9 is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor 8, and the tar purification efficiency of the exhaust gas after passing through the first reactor 1 is calculated. A third sensor 10 is arranged on the second pipeline 7 and used for detecting the tar concentration; the tar concentration detected by the third sensor 10 is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor 8, and the tar purification efficiency of the exhaust gas after passing through the second reactor 2 is calculated. The gas outlet 302 is connected with an outlet pipeline, and a fourth sensor 11 for detecting tar content is arranged on the outlet pipeline.
The purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the first reactor 1 should be more than 90%, the purification efficiency after passing through the second reactor 2 should be more than 99%, the tar after passing through the third reactor 3 should meet the emission standard, and the emission standard in this embodiment is that the tar concentration is less than 100mg/m 3 (ii) a Therefore, can set up the controller, the controller all is connected with first sensor 8, second sensor 9, third sensor 10, fourth sensor 11, when the purification efficiency of tar does not reach standard, can adjust the speed of letting in of waste gas, increase gaseous purification time or increase corona electrode voltage and improve purification efficiency, for the speed of letting in of adjusting waste gas, set up gas flowmeter on the admission line, gas flowmeter is connected with the controller, can control the speed of letting in of waste gas.In order to control the gas purification time conveniently, a gas flowmeter is arranged on the first pipeline or the second pipeline, and the gas purification time is adjusted through the opening degree of a valve of the gas flowmeter.
Further, the inlet end of the first pipe 6 is arranged near the top of the first reactor 1, and the outlet end of the first pipe 6 is arranged at the bottom of the second reactor 2; the inlet end of the second conduit 7 is arranged near the top of the second reactor 2 and the outlet end of the second conduit 7 is arranged at the bottom of the third reactor 3.
In other embodiments, the tar separation and removal device may further include a thermal cracking furnace 4, the thermal cracking furnace 4 is disposed at the front end of the first reactor 1, and the thermal cracking furnace 4 is communicated with the first reactor 1 through an air inlet pipe 5; a material inlet is formed above the thermal cracking furnace 4 and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace 4, a reducing gas inlet 403 is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace 4, and a slag outlet 404 is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace 4;
the plasma torch comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode 401 is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell, an insulating layer is wrapped on the outer surface of the thermal cracking corona electrode 401, the thermal cracking corona electrode 401 is connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode 402 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode 401 and the thermal cracking grounding electrode 402; the area above the plasma torch and between the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace is a garbage drying area.
Wherein the reducing gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, argon, etc.
Reducing gas enters the thermal cracking furnace 4 from the reducing gas inlet and enters the thermal cracking corona region in the plasma torch, the thermal cracking corona electrode 401 is connected with a power supply with certain voltage, the temperature of the corona region is increased to a certain range, organic garbage releases water vapor, the water vapor is decomposed into free radicals and micromolecules with high energy under the action of voltage and high temperature, the free radicals and the micromolecules react with hydrocarbon macromolecules in the garbage and are cracked into H 2 CO and other combustible synthetic gas with tar, and the combustible synthetic gas with certain heat rises to the top of the thermal cracking furnace and enters the garbageAnd in the drying area, the combustible synthetic gas carrying heat contacts with the thrown garbage to evaporate water in the garbage so as to achieve the purpose of drying the garbage, and the dried garbage descends into the plasma torch to continuously react with free radicals to generate the combustible synthetic gas.
The invention also provides a tar separation and removal method, which is applied to the tar separation and removal device and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, introducing waste gas containing tar into a first reactor 1 through an air inlet pipeline 5, and simultaneously introducing water vapor into the first reactor 1 through a first water vapor inlet 101; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the first reactor 1 and the voltage and current of the first corona electrode 105 to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state in the first reactor 1 and is subjected to an emulsification reaction with water molecules, and meanwhile, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the water molecules are decomposed to be degraded;
s2, tar molecules with hydroxyl radicals are adsorbed on a first corona electrode 105 in a first reactor 1, and are discharged from a first discharge port 102 after being gathered, and other gases are introduced into a second reactor 2 through a first pipeline 6, and simultaneously, water vapor is introduced into the second reactor 2 through a second water vapor inlet 201; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the second reactor 2 and the voltage and current of the second corona electrode 205 to make the tar in a gaseous state in the first reactor 1 and undergo an emulsification reaction with water molecules, and simultaneously, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the water molecules are decomposed to be degraded;
and S3, introducing the gas purified by the second reactor 2 into a third reactor 3 through a second pipeline 7, adjusting the temperature in the third reactor 3 and the voltage and current of a third corona electrode 305, further collecting tar, and simultaneously further degrading and removing residual trace tar.
Furthermore, the temperature in the first reactor 1 is 200-800 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the first cylinder is 100-1000mm, the access voltage of the first corona electrode 105 is 20-100KV, the access current is 0.05-0.10A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the first reactor is 50-100s;
the temperature in the second reactor 2 is 150-250 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the second cylinder is 100-1000mm, the access voltage of the second corona electrode 205 is 20-100KV, the access current is 0.05-0.10A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the second reactor is 50-100s;
the temperature in the third reactor 3 is 100-250 ℃, the diameter of the third cylinder is 20-500mm, the access voltage of the third corona electrode 305 is 10-100KV, the access current is 0.12-0.50A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the third reactor is 1-25s.
In the tar collecting process, water in the first reactor 1 is decomposed into hydroxyl free radical OH and hydrogen atom under the action of corona, then tar molecules are combined with the hydroxyl free radicals to generate addition reaction, so that the tar molecules carry OH radicals, the hydroxyl free radicals have high hydrophilicity, further the tar molecules have high conductivity, the tar is adsorbed on the inner wall of the first corona electrode or the second corona electrode under the action of corona, and is downwards gathered through a groove, and finally discharged from a discharge port.
Saturated water vapor is filled in the first reactor and the second reactor, parameters such as access voltage, access power and temperature of the first reactor and the second reactor are limited, tar in waste gas is easy to have an emulsion reaction with water molecules, namely the tar is combined with hydroxyl free radicals to have an addition reaction, and the tar has strong conductivity.
Example one
The tar content in the waste gas is 15.5%, two plasma torches are arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor, one plasma torch is arranged in the third reactor, the diameters of the first cylinder and the second cylinder are both 100mm and the length of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is 1000mm, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of high-temperature resistant ceramics; the first corona electrode and the second corona electrode are both made of copper layers; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are made of stainless steel meshes. The diameter of the third cylinder is 20mm, the length of the third cylinder is 500mm, the material of the third cylinder is quartz, the wall thickness of the third cylinder is 3mm, the material of the third corona electrode is a phi 5mm copper rod, the material of the third grounding electrode is a stainless steel net with the thickness of 3mm, the catalyst in the third reactor is phi 4mm porous particles, and the carrier of the third cylinder is Al 2 O 3 The coating is Co 2 O 3 . The tar-containing gas is in the first reactor and the second reactorThe internal residence time was 50s, the residence time in the third reactor was 1.0s. The control parameters are shown in table 1.
Table 1 control parameters in example one
Figure BDA0003771649690000091
Figure BDA0003771649690000101
Example two
The tar content in the waste gas is 15.5%, two plasma torches are arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor, one plasma torch is arranged in the third reactor, the diameters of the first cylinder and the second cylinder are both 1000mm and 5000mm, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of high-temperature-resistant ceramics; the first corona electrode and the second corona electrode are both made of copper layers; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are made of stainless steel meshes. The diameter of the third cylinder is 500mm, the length of the third cylinder is 5000mm, the third cylinder is made of quartz, the wall thickness of the third cylinder is 10mm, the third corona electrode is made of a 10mm copper rod, the third grounding electrode is made of a 10mm stainless steel mesh, the catalyst in the third reactor is phi 5mm porous particles, and the carrier of the third cylinder is Al 2 O 3 The coating is Co 2 O 3 . The residence time of the tar-containing gas in the first reactor and the second reactor is 100s, and the residence time in the third reactor is 25s. The control parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 control parameters in example two
Figure BDA0003771649690000102
EXAMPLE III
The tar content in the waste gas is 15.5 percent, two plasma torches are respectively arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor, one plasma torch is arranged in the third reactor, the diameter of the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body is 300mm, the length of the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body is 1m, and the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body are respectively provided with a gas inlet and a gas outletThe material of the body is high temperature resistant ceramic; the first corona electrode and the second corona electrode are both made of copper layers; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are made of stainless steel meshes. The diameter of the third cylinder is 100mm, the length of the third cylinder is 1000mm, the material of the third cylinder is quartz, the wall thickness of the third cylinder is 6mm, the material of the third corona electrode is a phi 10mm copper rod, the material of the third grounding electrode is a stainless steel net with the thickness of 5mm, the catalyst in the third reactor is phi 4mm porous particles, and the carrier of the third cylinder is Al 2 O 3 The coating is Co 2 O 3 . The residence time of the tar-containing gas in the first reactor and the second reactor is 100s, and the residence time in the third reactor is 12s. The control parameters are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 control parameters in EXAMPLE III
Figure BDA0003771649690000103
Figure BDA0003771649690000111
Comparative example 1
The tar content in the waste gas is 15.5%, two plasma torches are arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor, one plasma torch is arranged in the third reactor, the diameters of the first cylinder and the second cylinder are both 100mm and the length of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is 1000mm, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of high-temperature resistant ceramics; the first corona electrode and the second corona electrode are made of copper layers; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are made of stainless steel meshes. The diameter of the third cylinder is 100mm, the length is 1000mm, the material of the third cylinder is quartz, the wall thickness is 5mm, the material of the third corona electrode is a phi 10mm copper rod, the material of the third grounding electrode is a stainless steel net with the thickness of 5mm, the catalyst in the third reactor is phi 10mm porous particles, and the carrier is Al 2 O 3 The coating is Co 2 O 3 . The residence time of the tar-containing gas in the first reactor and the second reactor is 50s, and the residence time in the third reactor is 50s. The control parameters are shown in table 4.
Table 4 control parameters in comparative example one
Figure BDA0003771649690000112
Comparative example No. two
The tar content in the waste gas is 15.5%, two plasma torches are arranged in the first reactor and the second reactor, one plasma torch is arranged in the third reactor, the diameter of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is 600mm, the length of the first cylinder and the second cylinder is 100mm, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are made of high-temperature resistant ceramics; the first corona electrode and the second corona electrode are both made of copper layers; the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode are made of stainless steel meshes. The diameter of the third cylinder is 100mm, the length is 500mm, the material of the third cylinder is quartz, the wall thickness is 5mm, the material of the third corona electrode is a phi 8mm copper rod, the material of the third grounding electrode is a stainless steel net with the thickness of 5mm, the catalyst in the third reactor is phi 4mm porous particles, and the carrier is Al 2 O 3 The coating is Co 2 O 3 . The residence time of the tar-containing gas in the first reactor and the second reactor is 30s, and the residence time in the third reactor is 0.5s. The control parameters are shown in table 5.
Table 5 control parameters for comparative example two
Figure BDA0003771649690000121
The results of tar purification efficiency of examples and comparative examples are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 Tar cleanup efficiency of examples and comparative examples
Figure BDA0003771649690000122
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below.

Claims (10)

1. A tar separation and removal device is characterized by comprising a first reactor, a second reactor and a third reactor which are sequentially communicated, wherein the first reactor is communicated with an air inlet pipeline and is used for introducing waste gas containing tar, a first steam inlet is formed in the side wall of the first reactor, and a first discharge port is formed in the bottom of the first reactor; the first reactor is communicated with the second reactor through a first pipeline, a second water vapor inlet is formed in the side wall of the second reactor, and a second discharge port is formed in the bottom of the second reactor; the second reactor is communicated with the third reactor through a second pipeline, the bottom of the third reactor is provided with a third discharge port, and the side wall of the third reactor is also provided with a gas outlet;
the first reactor comprises a first shell, at least one first plasma torch is arranged inside the first shell, the first plasma torch comprises an insulated first cylinder body with an upper opening and a lower opening, a first grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the first cylinder body, and a first corona electrode is arranged at the center inside the first cylinder body.
2. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 1, wherein the second reactor comprises a second shell, at least one second plasma torch is arranged inside the second shell, the second plasma torch comprises an insulated second cylinder body with an upper opening and a lower opening, a second grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the inner wall of the second cylinder body, and a second corona electrode is arranged in the center inside the second cylinder body.
3. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the inner walls of the first grounding electrode and the second grounding electrode, so as to facilitate the collection of the liquid tar.
4. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 1, wherein the third reactor comprises a third shell, at least one third plasma torch is arranged inside the third shell, the third plasma torch comprises an insulated third cylinder with an upper opening and a lower opening, a third grounding electrode is arranged on the circumference of the outer wall of the third cylinder, and a third corona electrode is arranged in the center of the inside of the third cylinder; and a catalyst is filled between the third corona electrode and the inner wall of the third cylinder.
5. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 4, wherein the catalyst comprises a carrier and a coating layer on the surface of the carrier, the carrier is porous particles made of Al 2 O 3 、CaNaSiOAlO、3/4CaO1/4Na 2 OAl 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 One or more of; the plating layer is metal oxide.
6. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 1, wherein a first sensor is disposed on the air inlet pipe for detecting the tar concentration;
the first pipeline is provided with a second sensor for detecting the concentration of tar; the tar concentration detected by the second sensor is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor, and the tar purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the first reactor is calculated;
a third sensor is arranged on the second pipeline and used for detecting the concentration of tar; the tar concentration detected by the third sensor is removed from the tar concentration detected by the first sensor, and the tar purification efficiency of the waste gas after passing through the second reactor is calculated;
the gas outlet is connected with an outlet pipeline, and a fourth sensor for detecting tar content is arranged on the outlet pipeline.
7. The tar separation and removal device according to claim 1, wherein the inlet end of the first pipe is disposed near the top of the first reactor, and the outlet end of the first pipe is disposed at the bottom of the second reactor; the inlet end of the second pipeline is arranged close to the top of the second reactor, and the outlet end of the second pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the third reactor.
8. The tar separating and removing device according to claim 1, further comprising a thermal cracking furnace, wherein the thermal cracking furnace is disposed at a front end of the first reactor, and the thermal cracking furnace is communicated with the first reactor through an air inlet pipe; a material inlet is formed above the thermal cracking furnace and used for putting organic garbage, a plasma torch is arranged inside the thermal cracking furnace, a reducing gas inlet is formed in the side wall of the thermal cracking furnace, and a slag outlet is formed in the bottom of the thermal cracking furnace;
the plasma torch comprises a shell with an upper opening and a lower opening, a thermal cracking corona electrode is arranged in the center of an inner cavity of the shell, an insulating layer is wrapped on the outer surface of the thermal cracking corona electrode, the thermal cracking corona electrode is connected with an external power supply, a thermal cracking grounding electrode is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and a thermal cracking corona area is formed between the thermal cracking corona electrode and the thermal cracking grounding electrode; the area above the plasma torch and between the top wall of the thermal cracking furnace is a waste drying area.
9. A tar separation and removal method applied to the tar separation and removal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising:
s1, introducing waste gas containing tar into a first reactor through an air inlet pipeline, and simultaneously introducing water vapor into the first reactor through a first water vapor inlet; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the first reactor and the voltage and current of the first corona electrode to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state in the first reactor and is subjected to an emulsion reaction with water molecules, and meanwhile, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the decomposition of the water molecules to be degraded;
s2, the emulsified tar molecules are adsorbed on a first grounding electrode in a first reactor, and are discharged from a first discharge port after being gathered, and the rest gas is introduced into a second reactor through a first pipeline, and simultaneously, water vapor is introduced into the second reactor through a second water vapor inlet; adjusting the temperature and humidity in the second reactor and the voltage and current of the second corona electrode to ensure that the tar is in a gaseous state in the first reactor and is subjected to an emulsification reaction with water molecules, and meanwhile, a part of tar molecules are attacked by hydroxyl radicals after the water molecules are decomposed to be degraded;
and S3, introducing the gas purified by the second reactor into a third reactor through a second pipeline, adjusting the temperature in the third reactor and the voltage and current of a third corona electrode, further collecting tar, and simultaneously further degrading and removing residual trace tar.
10. The tar separation and removal method according to claim 9, wherein the temperature in the first reactor is 200 to 800 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the first cylinder is 100 to 1000mm, the access voltage of the first corona electrode is 20 to 100KV, the access current is 0.05 to 0.10A, and the retention time of the exhaust gas in the first reactor is 50 to 100s;
the temperature in the second reactor is 150-250 ℃, the humidity is 100%, the diameter of the second cylinder is 100-1000mm, the access voltage of the second corona electrode is 20-100KV, the access current is 0.05-0.10A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the second reactor is 50-100s;
the temperature in the third reactor is 100-250 ℃, the diameter of the third cylinder is 20-500mm, the access voltage of the third corona electrode is 10-100KV, the access current is 0.12-0.50A, and the retention time of the waste gas in the third reactor is 1-25s.
CN202210903195.5A 2022-07-29 2022-07-29 Tar separation and removal device and method Pending CN115468168A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116877038A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-10-13 中国矿业大学(北京) System and method for treating coal seam underground gasified tar
CN117366606A (en) * 2023-09-15 2024-01-09 华中科技大学 Detachable multistage desorption device of domestic waste incineration flue gas tar

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116877038A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-10-13 中国矿业大学(北京) System and method for treating coal seam underground gasified tar
CN116877038B (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-12-05 中国矿业大学(北京) System and method for treating coal seam underground gasified tar
CN117366606A (en) * 2023-09-15 2024-01-09 华中科技大学 Detachable multistage desorption device of domestic waste incineration flue gas tar
CN117366606B (en) * 2023-09-15 2024-04-19 华中科技大学 Detachable multistage desorption device of domestic waste incineration flue gas tar

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