CN115467168B - 一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115467168B
CN115467168B CN202211109701.XA CN202211109701A CN115467168B CN 115467168 B CN115467168 B CN 115467168B CN 202211109701 A CN202211109701 A CN 202211109701A CN 115467168 B CN115467168 B CN 115467168B
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邢丽丽
王宝亮
邢铁玲
陈国强
卢焦生
刘萍
向中林
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,包括:S1、将尼龙56/棉混纺织物预处理后,浸泡在多巴胺水溶液中进行改性处理,得到多巴胺改性织物;S2、将多巴胺改性织物浸入季戊四醇四‑3‑巯基丙酸酯溶液中进行反应,得到巯基改性织物;S3、提供含有四烯丙基硅烷和甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物的混合溶液,然后将巯基改性织物浸泡于混合溶液中,在紫外光照下发生反应;反应结束后清洗、烘干,得耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。本发明制备的棉/尼龙56混纺织物,静态接触角为166°,滑动角为7.5°,具有较好的耐环境性能,能够耐酸碱、水洗、摩擦、紫外光照等性能,同时兼具油水分离、自清洁等多种功能。

Description

一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性纺织品技术领域,具体涉及一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着超疏水材料在自清洁、油水分离、流体减阻等方面的应用越来越多,有关超疏水表面的研究也越发成为一个热点。目前,疏水材料也不仅仅存在于化工、机械、轻化工等领域,一些精密化工领域,如电子信息,生物医药行业等也开始深入研究超疏水材料。超疏水材料是指水在其表面静态接触角大于150°,滚动角小于10°的材料,可以通过构造粗糙的微纳表面结构和修饰低表面能物质获得。超疏水纺织品由于成本相对低廉,使用需求多,是超疏水材料中非常重要的一类。然而,目前超疏水纺织品还存在一些不足,比如耐久性不佳,难以承受高温、紫外线辐射、腐蚀性液体,多次水洗、摩擦等。此外,大多数方法使用含氟试剂,严重破坏了气候环境,上述这些缺点极大地限制了超疏水表面的实际应用。因此,寻求一种无氟、耐久超疏水纺织品制备工艺是所急需的。
棉纤维是生活中最为常见,来源广泛的一类纤维,其柔软舒适,吸汗透湿、不易起毛球,服用性能优异,具有可再生性和生物降解性。然而,棉纤维弹性较差,缩水率较大,易发黄、起皱,强力不佳。聚酰胺56,俗称尼龙56,是一种新的功能性纤维,其强度、回弹性都优于尼龙6、尼龙66产品,且具有出色的耐用性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。棉/尼龙56混纺织物可以综合上述两种纤维的优势。通过赋予棉/尼龙56混纺织物超疏水、油水分离以及自清洁等功能性,可以进一步拓展其应用领域,提高其商业价值。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种无氟、耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将尼龙56/棉混纺织物预处理后,浸泡在多巴胺水溶液中进行改性处理,得到多巴胺改性织物;
S2、将所述多巴胺改性织物浸入季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)溶液中进行反应,得到巯基改性织物;
S3、提供含有四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)和甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMSDC)的混合溶液,然后将所述巯基改性织物浸泡于所述混合溶液中,在紫外光照下发生反应;反应结束后清洗、烘干,得所述耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
进一步地,步骤S1中,所述棉/尼龙56混纺织物中,混纺比例为1:1。
进一步地,步骤S1中,所述预处理为:将棉/尼龙56混纺织物依次用乙醇、去离子水超声清洗,每种溶剂超声清洗15-30min;清洗结束后,取出棉/尼龙56混纺织物并烘干。
进一步地,步骤S1中,所述多巴胺水溶液的浓度为1-3g/L,并用Tris-HCl缓冲溶液调节pH至8-9。
进一步地,步骤S1中,所述棉/尼龙56混纺织物与多巴胺水溶液的浴比为:1:100-200。
进一步地,步骤S1中,所述改性处理的条件为:在30-45℃的温度下振荡反应10-24h;反应结束后,所得改性织物采用去离子水清洗2-3次,60-80℃下干燥。所述振荡机器优选为低噪声振动染色机。
进一步地,步骤S2中,所述季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯溶液为季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯的二甲基亚砜溶液,其浓度为8-12g/L。
进一步地,步骤S2中,所述多巴胺改性织物与季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯的二甲基亚砜溶液的浴比为1:100-200。
进一步地,步骤S2中,所述反应的条件为:30-35℃下反应1-3h;反应结束后,采用去离子水清洗织物2-3次,120-140℃下干燥。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述混合溶液的溶剂为由去离子水和乙醇组成的混合溶剂,所述混合溶剂中去离子水和乙醇的体积比为1:1-2。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述巯基改性织物与所述混合溶液的浴比为1:100-200。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述反应的条件为:巯基改性织物与紫外光源的距离为10-20cm,在紫外光源下照射的时间为20-30min;反应开始后10-15min将织物翻转,继续光照10-15min;反应结束后,采用去离子水清洗织物2-3次,120-140℃下干燥。所述紫外光源可为紫外灯,所用的紫外灯参数优选为250W,λ=365nm。
进一步地,步骤S3中,所述混合溶液中,四烯丙基硅烷、甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物的浓度分别为1.0-1.4g/L、4.0-4.8g/L。
本发明另一方面还提供了由所述的方法制备的耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
请参见附图1,本发明的化学原理是:
1、多巴胺的氧化聚合:首先利用多巴胺(DA)氧化聚合在棉/尼龙56混纺织物表面形成聚多巴胺涂层,聚多巴胺层通过共价键以及氢键、π-π堆积作用,范德华力等多种分子间非共价作用与织物结合,并作为后续巯基改性反应提供平台。
2、季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯与多巴胺的迈克尔加成反应:通过Michael加成反应将季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)接枝到聚多巴胺涂层表面,季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)中的巯基与聚多巴胺中双键发生加成反应,得到巯基改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
3、季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯的巯基与四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)、甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMSDC)的巯基-烯烃点击反应:在紫外光照条件下,巯基改性织物与含碳碳双键的四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)发生巯基-烯烃点击化学反应,共价接枝疏水性物质四烯丙基硅烷;然后,四烯丙基硅烷与水解后的甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷和二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMSDC)发生脱水缩合,使得改性织物表面能大大降低,并具有一定的粗糙度,最终获得优异的超疏水性和自清洁性。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明通过迈克尔加成反应、巯基-烯烃点击反应对棉/尼龙56混纺织物进行超疏水改性,疏水物质通过共价键接枝在织物表面,并形成了一定的粗糙度,这大大提高了改性织物的功能耐久性。因此,本发明制备的超疏水纺织品可以耐受重复多次摩擦,长时间洗涤,酸碱溶液以及有机溶剂的浸泡。
2.本发明无需含氟试剂,得到的改性织物具有优异的超疏水性能、自清洁性能、油水分离能力、耐久性、服用性以及工业价值,且工艺简单,环境友好。
3.棉纤维弹性较差,易起皱,强力不佳,限制了其应用领域。尼龙56具有优异的强力和回弹性,出色的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。而本发明所用织物为棉/尼龙56混纺织物,棉纤维来源广泛、柔软舒适,吸汗透湿、不易起毛球,服用性能优异。棉/尼龙56混纺织物可以综合上述两种纤维的优势,取长补短,具有更广的应用领域和更高的商业价值。
4.本发明所用的制备方法,所需设备简单,对材料尺寸无限制,设备成本低,可规模化生产。
附图说明
图1为棉/尼龙56混纺织物超疏水整理的原理图;
图2为实施例1制得的棉/尼龙56混纺织改性前后的扫描电镜图:(a)原尼龙56纤维;(b)原棉纤维;(c)多巴胺改性尼龙56纤维;(d)多巴胺改性棉纤维;(e)巯基改性尼龙56纤维;(f)巯基改性棉纤维;(g)超疏水尼龙56纤维;(h)超疏水棉纤维;
图3为实施例2制得的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角WCA、滚动角SA随摩擦次数的变化图;
图4为实施例2制得的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角WCA、滚动角SA随水洗时间的变化图;
图5为实施例3制得的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角WCA、滚动角SA随溶液酸碱性的变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)棉/尼龙56混纺织物的清洗:棉/尼龙56混纺织物依次用乙醇,去离子水超声清洗30分钟,烘干备用。
(2)多巴胺改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为2g/L的多巴胺水溶液,并用Tris和Tris-HCl调节溶液pH至8.5。随后将清洗烘干后的的棉/尼龙56混纺织物置于上述溶液中,并于40℃温度下振荡反应摇24小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗3次,60℃干燥。
(3)巯基改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为10g/L的季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)二甲基亚砜溶液,然后将多巴胺改性织物浸入该溶液中,并于30℃下反应2小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗织物3次,120℃真空干燥。
(4)棉/尼龙56混纺织物超疏水整理:配制含有1.2g/L四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)、4.6g/L甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMSDC)的去离子水/乙醇混合溶液(去离子水体积:乙醇体积=1:1),然后将巯基改性织物浸入该溶液中,并在紫外灯(250W,λ=365nm)光源下照射30min,织物距离光源15cm处。此外,在反应开始后15分钟将织物翻转。反应结束后,去离子水清洗织物3次,120℃真空干燥,得到超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
经检测,本实施例得到的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物,其静态水接触角为164.1°±0.8°,滚动角为8.1°±0.3°。
图2为改性前后棉/尼龙56混纺织物的扫描电镜图。从图中可以看到,改性前尼龙56纤维和棉纤维表面十分光滑;经多巴胺氧化聚合改性后,两者表面均出现了分散较为均匀,形状不规则的聚多巴胺团聚物;巯基进一步改性后,两者表面粗糙度进一步增大;硅烷类低表面能物质加入后,表面粗糙度没有明显的变化,但表面似乎被改性剂层紧紧包裹着。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)棉/尼龙56混纺织物的清洗:棉/尼龙56混纺织物依次用乙醇,去离子水超声清洗15分钟,烘干备用。
(2)多巴胺改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为2.5g/L的多巴胺水溶液,并用Tris和Tris-HCl调节溶液pH至8.5。随后将清洗烘干后的棉/尼龙56混纺织物置于上述溶液中,并于45℃温度下振荡反应摇24小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗3次,80℃干燥。
(3)巯基改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为12g/L的季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)二甲基亚砜溶液,然后将多巴胺改性织物浸入该溶液中,并于35℃下反应2小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗织物3次,130℃真空干燥。
(4)棉/尼龙56混纺织物超疏水整理:配制含有1.4g/L四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)、4.8g/L甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMS DC)的去离子水/乙醇混合溶液(去离子水体积:乙醇体积=1:1),然后将巯基改性织物浸入该溶液中,并在紫外灯(250W,λ=365nm)光源下照射30min,织物距离光源15cm处。此外,在反应开始后15分钟将织物翻转。反应结束后,去离子水清洗织物3次,130℃真空干燥,得到超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
经检测,本实施例得到的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物,其静态水接触角为165.3°±0.4°,滚动角为7.9°±0.2°。
请参见图3,将该超疏水改性织物经过负荷100g砝码的砂纸摩擦5/10/15/20/25次后,静态水接触角分别为157.8°±0.3°、157.6°±0.6°、154.6°±0.4°、153.0°±0.3°、152.1°±0.7°,滚动角分别为9.0°±0.2°、10.3°±0.5°、11.6°±0.4°、12.8°±0.4°、14.7°±0.3°。从中可以看出,在经过负荷100g砝码的砂纸摩擦25次后,超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角仅从165.3°±0.4°下降到152.1°±0.7°,滚动角从7.9°±0.2°下降到14.7°±0.3°,仍然保持着较好的超疏水性,这表明本发明所制得的改性织物具有出色的耐摩擦性能。
按照标准AATCC Test Method61-2006,采用SWB-12A型耐洗色牢度试验机测试超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的耐水洗牢度。请参见图4,分别皂洗45/90/135/180/225/270min后,超疏水改性织物的静态水接触角分别为157.2°±0.2°、156.8°±0.1°、157.3°±0.6°、157.3°±0.7°、156.9°±0.3°、156.7°±0.2°,滚动角分别为9.8°±0.2°、9.9°±0.2°、9.8°±0.1°、10.8°±0.3°、11.1°±0.1°。可以发现,在经历270min连续不断的皂洗后,超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角仅从165.3°±0.4°下降到156.7°±0.2°,滚动角从7.9°±0.2°下降到11.1°±0.1°,仍然保持着较好的超疏水性,这表明本发明所制得的改性织物具有出色的耐水洗性能。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)棉/尼龙56混纺织物的清洗:棉/尼龙56混纺织物依次用乙醇,去离子水超声清洗15分钟,烘干备用。
(2)多巴胺改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为1.5g/L的多巴胺水溶液,并用Tris和Tris-HCl调节溶液pH至8.5。随后将清洗烘干后的棉/尼龙56混纺织物置于上述溶液中,并于45℃温度下振荡反应摇16小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗3次,80℃干燥。
(3)巯基改性棉/尼龙56混纺织物:配制浓度为8g/L的季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯(PETMP)二甲基亚砜溶液,然后将多巴胺改性织物浸入该溶液中,并于35℃下反应2小时。反应结束后,所得改性织物用去离子水清洗织物3次,140℃真空干燥。
(4)棉/尼龙56混纺织物超疏水整理:配制含有1g/L四烯丙基硅烷(TETRA)、4g/L甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物(MMSDC)的去离子水/乙醇混合溶液(去离子水体积:乙醇体积=1:2),然后将巯基改性织物浸入该溶液中,并在紫外灯(250W,λ=365nm)光源下照射20min,织物距离光源15cm处。此外,在反应开始后10分钟将织物翻转。反应结束后,去离子水清洗织物2次,140℃真空干燥,得到超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
经检测,本实施例得到的超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物,其静态水接触角为163.5°±0.3°,滚动角9.6°±0.2°。
请参见图5,将该超疏水改性织物置于pH分别为1/3/5/7/9/11/13溶液中,放置48h后的接触角分别为160.1°±0.4°、162.3°±0.3°、162.6°±0.5°、163.5°±0.3°、162.9°±0.3°、162.5°±0.5°、159.7°±0.3°;滚动角分别为11.9°±0.2°、11.2°±0.3°、10.5°±0.1°、9.6°±0.2°、10.9°±0.5°、11.2°±0.1°、11.8°±0.3°。从中可以看出,在经过不同pH溶液浸渍后,超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物静态水接触角变化基本不大,在强酸性溶液下(pH=1)浸渍48h后,静态接触角仅从163.5°±0.3°下降到160.1°±0.4°,滚动角从9.6°±0.2°下降到11.9°±0.2°;在强碱性溶液下(pH=13)浸渍48h后,静态接触角仅从163.5°±0.3°下降到159.7°±0.3°,滚动角从9.6°±0.2°下降到11.8°±0.3°;这表明本发明所制得的改性织物具有出色的耐酸碱腐蚀性。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例,本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换,均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将尼龙56/棉混纺织物预处理后,浸泡在多巴胺水溶液中进行改性处理,得到多巴胺改性织物;
S2、将所述多巴胺改性织物浸入季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯溶液中进行反应,得到巯基改性织物;
S3、提供含有四烯丙基硅烷和甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物的混合溶液,然后将所述巯基改性织物浸泡于所述混合溶液中,在紫外光照下发生反应;反应结束后清洗、烘干,得所述耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述预处理为:将棉/尼龙56混纺织物依次用乙醇、去离子水超声清洗,每种溶剂超声清洗15-30 min;清洗结束后,取出棉/尼龙56混纺织物并烘干。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述多巴胺水溶液的浓度为1-3 g/L,并用Tris- HCl缓冲溶液调节pH至8-9。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述棉/尼龙56混纺织物与多巴胺水溶液的浴比为:1:100-200;
所述改性处理的条件为:在30-45℃的温度下振荡反应10-24 h;反应结束后,所得改性织物采用去离子水清洗2-3次,60-80℃下干燥。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯溶液为季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯的二甲基亚砜溶液,其浓度为8-12 g/L。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述多巴胺改性织物与季戊四醇四-3-巯基丙酸酯的二甲基亚砜溶液的浴比为1:100-200;
所述反应的条件为:在30-35℃下反应1-3 h;反应结束后,采用去离子水清洗织物2-3次,120-140℃下干燥。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述混合溶液的溶剂为由去离子水和乙醇组成的混合溶剂,所述混合溶剂中去离子水和乙醇的体积比为1:1-2。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述巯基改性织物与所述混合溶液的浴比为1:100-200;
所述反应的条件为:巯基改性织物与紫外光源的距离为10-20 cm,在紫外光源下照射的时间为20-30 min;反应开始后10-15 min将织物翻转,继续光照10-15 min;反应结束后,采用去离子水清洗织物2-3次,120-140℃下干燥。
9. 如权利要求1所述的一种耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述混合溶液中,四烯丙基硅烷、甲基乙酰氧基丙基甲基硅氧烷/二甲基硅氧烷的共聚物的浓度分别为1.0-1.4 g/L、4.0-4.8 g/L。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法制备的耐久超疏水棉/尼龙56混纺织物。
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