CN115465957A - Ecological restoration complex and method for improving water habitat in lakes and reservoirs - Google Patents
Ecological restoration complex and method for improving water habitat in lakes and reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/11—Turbidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/14—NH3-N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/16—Total nitrogen (tkN-N)
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration complex and method for improving the water body habitat of a lake reservoir, and belongs to the fields of water quality improvement, bottom sediment in-situ restoration and habitat improvement of the water body of the lake reservoir. The ecological restoration complex comprises a semi-submersible floating platform, a water quality promotion and aquatic animal inhabitation module applied to a water body and a bottom mud restoration and bottom animal reproduction module applied to bottom mud, wherein the water quality promotion and aquatic animal inhabitation module and the bottom mud restoration and bottom animal reproduction module are arranged on the semi-submersible floating platform, the water quality promotion and aquatic animal inhabitation module is used for effectively improving the water pollution condition through the synergistic effect of an aquatic plant root system and a microbial agent and providing a habitat of aquatic animals and birds, and the bottom mud restoration and bottom animal reproduction module is used for restoring the bottom mud to promote the recovery of submerged plants and provide a habitat environment for the reproduction of bottom animals. The invention has great application prospect and commercial development value in the aspect of integrally improving the water habitat from top to bottom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of water quality improvement, bottom mud in-situ remediation and habitat improvement of lake and reservoir water bodies, in particular to an ecological remediation complex and method for improving the water habitat of the lake and reservoir water bodies.
Background
Most lakes and reservoirs in China have water body pollution problems of different degrees, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient substances in the water body exceed the standard, in addition, the bottom sediment of the water body is used as the most important reservoir of the water body pollutant, a large amount of pollutants are also enriched, and the content of the pollutants is many times higher than that of the upper-layer water body. Under certain conditions, the pollutants can be released again through physical, chemical and biological exchange effects with overlying water bodies, and become important internal pollution sources influencing and restricting the water quality of the water bodies in rivers and lakes. The problem of pollution of the water body in the lake and reservoir from top to bottom poses serious threats to the health of the water ecosystem. The water ecological restoration technology is an important technology applied to water body treatment, the water ecological protection restoration work is mainly characterized in that organisms and a habitat on which the organisms depend are protected on time and space scales as a whole, and meanwhile, the relevance of each protection restoration measure is emphasized so as to improve the protection and restoration effects. Therefore, systematic water body lifting, sediment remediation and habitat improvement are problems to be solved urgently, and certain necessity and urgency are provided.
In the lake and reservoir water body ecological purification system and the purification method, substances such as N, P in the water body can be effectively degraded through the combined action of plants and microorganisms, the microorganism-plant combined remediation improves the degradation efficiency of the microorganisms on pollutants, and the microorganism-plant combined remediation has a remarkable effect on water body remediation (patent application No. CN109607793A and patent application No. CN 202010881427.2). However, the system has the problems that the water quality change cannot be quickly and efficiently responded to for treatment and the application flexibility is not enough. In the lake and reservoir sediment control technology, the method is mainly divided into an in-situ treatment technology and an ex-situ treatment technology according to different restoration modes. Wherein the in-situ treatment technology of the bottom mud is paid much attention to due to the advantages of simple operation and difficult generation of secondary pollution. The in-situ covering technology of the lake and reservoir sediment is one of the polluted sediment repairing technologies which are widely applied at home and abroad at present. The algae control and bottom sediment remediation are carried out through the in-situ bottom sediment covering by the adsorptive filter material, the submerged plant propagules and the sewage treatment microbial agent (patent application number CN 105645563A), but the system has the problems of high application cost and large installation and application difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological restoration complex and an ecological restoration method for improving the water body habitat of lakes and reservoirs by adopting a restoration technology with multiple technology synergies.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an ecological restoration complex for improving the water habitat of lakes and reservoirs, comprising: the semi-submersible floating platform comprises a semi-submersible floating platform, a water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module applied to a water body and a bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module applied to bottom mud, wherein the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module and the bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module are used for being installed on the semi-submersible floating platform, the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module is used for effectively improving the water quality pollution condition through the synergistic effect of an aquatic plant root system and a microbial agent and providing a habitat of aquatic animals and birds, and the bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module is used for repairing the bottom mud, promoting the recovery of submerged plants and providing a inhabiting environment for the breeding of bottom animals.
Further, semi-submerged flotation platform includes the module mounting bracket and installs in the antenna, the drainage valve, the pump of module mounting bracket, multi-parameter water quality analyzer, solar panel, propeller, liftable aeration equipment, side direction propeller.
Furthermore, the antenna is used for realizing positioning in lakes and reservoirs with large water areas, and the drainage valve and the pump are used for controlling the semi-submersible floating platform to submerge into the water body for underwater operation; the multi-parameter water quality analyzer is used for monitoring water quality data in real time; the solar panel is used for providing energy power for platform operation and other instrument operation; the module mounting bracket is used for installing water body promotion and aquatic animal perches module and sediment restoration and benthonic animal and breeds the module, and liftable aeration equipment is used for providing sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganism metabolism and reproduction.
Furthermore, the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module comprises a first fixed mounting frame, a plant purifying unit, an aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit and a carbon fiber purifying unit, wherein the plant purifying unit, the aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit and the carbon fiber purifying unit are mounted on the upper portion of the first fixed mounting frame.
Furthermore, a plurality of hydrophilic plants are selected for the plant purification unit and fixed in the holes of the fixed mounting frame; the biological carbon fiber purification unit selects waterweed type polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers, and screens a microbial agent culture solution for biofilm formation treatment according to the pollution characteristics of a water body to be treated; the aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit takes natural fibers as raw materials, a basal body carrier platform which is provided with holes in the middle and is compact at the periphery is woven and fixed on the first fixed mounting frame, the part with holes in the middle is used for fixing plant plants and placing a bird nest, and mineral particles are paved on the compact part at the periphery to be used as a habitat of the bionic aquatic animals and birds; the first fixed mounting frame is used for being fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform, so that the water quality is improved, the aquatic animal inhabitation module is used for purifying the water quality and improving the water surface habitat.
Further, the microbial agent is one or a combination of more of nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus accumulating bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, rhodobacter sphaeroides and lactobacillus plantarum.
Further, the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module comprises a substrate carrier, an artificial reef main body and a second fixed mounting frame, wherein the artificial reef main body is fixed at the bottom of the second fixed mounting frame, and the substrate carrier is fixed at the bottom of the artificial reef main body.
Further, the artificial reef main body is provided with a benthonic organism inhabiting hole, so that a place for breeding and providing reproduction and inhabitation for benthonic animals is provided; the substrate carrier takes natural fibers as raw materials, is woven into a pillow-shaped structure, wraps the composite microbial agent and the submerged plant seeds in two layers, and leaks on the sediment from the benthos inhabiting holes after being soaked for a long time; and the second fixed mounting frame is fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform to repair bottom mud and improve the underwater habitat.
Furthermore, the liftable aeration device keeps the dissolved oxygen between 6.0 and 9.0mg/L by setting the aeration amount and the aeration time of the microporous aeration device.
An ecological restoration method for improving the water body habitat of the lake reservoir is carried out by adopting the ecological restoration complex, and the method comprises the following steps:
monitoring water quality parameters and analyzing water quality characteristics of a water body by using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, and determining the types and concentrations of pollutants in the water body and bottom mud;
selecting a restoration area, supplementing, researching and monitoring, analyzing and determining components and optimal process parameters of the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module and the sediment restoring and benthonic animal breeding module, embedding the components into the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module, effectively improving the water quality pollution condition through the synergistic effect of the root system of the aquatic plant and the microbial agent, providing habitat of aquatic animals and birds, enhancing species diversity and improving the water surface habitat;
continuously monitoring the water quality by using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, when the water quality of the water body reaches a condition suitable for the growth of submerged plants, detaching a water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module, and simultaneously embedding a bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module, wherein the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module is used for promoting the recovery of the submerged plants and providing an inhabiting environment for the breeding of the benthonic animals;
and fourthly, mounting a bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module, submerging the semi-submerged floating platform into water, firstly improving the dissolved oxygen concentration of water seeds through a liftable aeration device, then releasing and enhancing the decomposition and removal effect of pollutants in the bottom sediment through the microbial compound bacteria agent at the lowest layer after the pillow-shaped substrate carrier is soaked, releasing the submerged plant seeds at the second layer, promoting the recovery of the submerged plant, wherein the artificial reef is used for breeding the benthonic animals to improve the habitat and improve the underwater habitat.
According to the invention, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The ecological restoration complex solves the problems of poor integration and low restoration efficiency in the prior art by constructing a functional module;
(2) The ecological restoration complex solves the problems that the traditional floating bed is poor in wind and wave resistance and easy to scatter;
(3) The ecological restoration complex solves the technical problems that the traditional sediment covering technology is complex to operate, an underwater system is easy to damage, materials cannot be recycled and the like;
(4) The modularized arrangement mode of the ecological restoration complex enables the ecological restoration complex to have stronger adaptability and flexibility in the actual application process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic exploded view of an ecological restoration complex for improving the water habitat of lakes and reservoirs according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an operation mode of the ecological restoration complex for improving the water habitat of the lake and reservoir;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a semi-submersible of the present invention with (a) in front elevation, (b) in side elevation, and (c) in top plan view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a water quality improving and aquatic animal perching module according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a sediment remediation and zoobenthos propagation module according to the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are as follows:
10-a semi-submersible floating platform, 20-a water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module, and 30-a sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module;
11-antenna, 12-drainage valve, 13-pump, 14-multi-parameter water quality analyzer, 15-solar panel, 16-module mounting rack, 17-propeller, 18-liftable aeration device, 19-lateral propeller;
21-a plant purification unit, 22-a carbon fiber purification unit, 23-an aquatic animal and bird inhabitation unit, and 24-a first fixed mounting frame;
34-a substrate carrier, 32-an artificial reef main body, 33-a benthonic organism inhabiting hole and 31-a second fixed mounting frame.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological restoration complex for improving the water habitat of lakes and reservoirs, including a semi-submersible floating platform 10, a water quality improving and aquatic animal perching module 20 applied to a water body, and a bottom sediment restoring and bottom dwelling animal breeding module 30 applied to bottom sediment, wherein the water quality improving and aquatic animal perching module 20 and the bottom sediment restoring and bottom dwelling animal breeding module 30 are respectively installed on the semi-submersible floating platform 10, and can be detached and replaced in a simple manner.
As shown in fig. 3, the semi-submersible floating platform 10 comprises a module mounting rack 16, an antenna 11, a drainage valve 12, a pump 13, a multi-parameter water quality analyzer 14, a solar panel 15, a propeller 17, a lifting aerator 18 and a lateral propeller 19, wherein the antenna 11 is used for realizing positioning in lakes and reservoirs with large water areas, and the drainage valve 12 and the pump 13 are used for controlling the semi-submersible floating platform to submerge into a water body for underwater operation; the multi-parameter water quality analyzer 14 is used for monitoring water quality data in real time; the solar panel 15 is used for providing energy power for platform operation and other instrument operation; the module mounting rack 16 is used for mounting a water body lifting and aquatic animal inhabiting module 20 and a bottom sediment restoring and benthonic animal breeding module 30; the propeller 17 is used for guaranteeing the operation of the platform, the liftable aeration device 18 is used for providing sufficient oxygen for the metabolism and the propagation of aerobic microorganisms, the bottom sediment remediation efficiency is improved, the dissolved oxygen is kept between 6.0 and 9.0mg/L by setting the aeration amount and the aeration time of the microporous aeration device, and the lateral propeller 9 is used for stabilizing the platform and achieving the purposes of achieving the biocompatible moving speed and well resisting storms.
As shown in fig. 4, the water quality improving and aquatic animal habitation module 20 includes a first fixing frame 24, a plant purification unit 21 installed at an upper portion of the first fixing frame 24, an aquatic animal and bird habitation unit 23, and a carbon fiber purification unit 22 installed at a lower portion of the first fixing frame 24.
The plant purification unit 21 can select various hydrophilic plants, such as calamus flavus, arundo donax, juncus effuses, lentinus edodes, canna, watermifera, loosestrife, cattail, rhizoma alismatis, thaliana, reed, pyrrosia brevicaulis, cress, water hyacinth, dragon, water bamboo, ryegrass, vetiver, arrowhead and the like, to be fixed in the holes of the fixed installation frame 4. Various plants can construct different patterns, have good flexibility and become city business cards which can float and swim on water.
The biological carbon fiber purification unit 22 is made of waterweed-type polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers. According to the pollution characteristics of the water body to be treated, screening a microbial agent culture solution, such as one or more combinations of nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus-accumulating bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, rhodobacter sphaeroides, lactobacillus plantarum and other microorganisms, and carrying out biofilm culturing treatment. The microorganisms on the membrane can decompose and utilize pollutants in the water body, and promote the purification of the water body.
The aquatic animal and bird inhabitation unit 23 takes rattan grass, coconut fiber and other natural fibers as raw materials, a matrix carrier platform which is provided with a hole in the middle and is compact in the periphery is woven and fixed on the first fixed mounting frame 24, the part with the hole in the middle is used for fixing plant plants and placing a bird nest, and mineral particles are laid on the compact part in the periphery to serve as a habitat of bionic aquatic animals and birds;
the first fixing frame 24 is used for being fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform 10, so that the water quality is improved, and the aquatic animal inhabiting module 20 performs water quality purification and water surface habitat lifting.
As shown in fig. 5, the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module 30 comprises a substrate carrier 34, an artificial reef main body 32, a benthonic organism inhabiting hole 33 and a second fixed mounting frame 31, wherein the artificial reef main body 32 is fixed at the bottom of the second fixed mounting frame 34, the substrate carrier 34 is fixed at the bottom of the artificial reef main body 32, and all the components are fixed through screws.
The artificial reef body 32 is provided with a benthonic organism inhabiting hole 33, so as to provide a place for breeding and providing a breeding habitat for benthonic animals;
the matrix carrier 34 is woven into a pillow-shaped structure by taking natural fibers such as rattan grass, coconut fibers and the like as raw materials, is used for wrapping the composite microbial agent and submerged plant seeds, is not easy to leak under the dry/semi-dry condition, but can leak on bottom mud from holes (such as benthos inhabiting holes 33) after being soaked for a long time;
the second fixed mounting frame 34 is fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform 10 for bottom mud remediation and improving the underwater habitat.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an ecological restoration method for improving the water habitat in the lake and reservoir, which is performed by using the above apparatus, and the method includes the following steps:
step one, detecting the water quality of the water body by using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer 14. The water quality parameters monitored by the multi-parameter water quality analyzer mainly comprise: water temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll a, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential.
Step two, selecting a repair area, supplementing survey and monitoring the following indexes:
1) Water quality: TN, TP, COD, SS, ammonia nitrogen, permanganate index, water depth, transparency, illuminance, turbidity, etc.
2) Deposition: thickness, delamination characteristics, contaminant content, etc.
3) Phytoplankton and zooplankton: species, biomass, density, biodiversity index.
4) Benthonic animals: species, density, biomass, biodiversity index.
5) Aquatic plant and seed bank: the aquatic plant survey indexes mainly comprise species composition, coverage, biomass, distribution areas and the like; the seed bank survey comprises the species composition and density of the aquatic plant seed banks in different regions.
According to the results, the components and the optimal treatment process of the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module 20 and the bottom sediment restoring and benthonic animal breeding module 30 are analyzed and determined, the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module 20 is embedded, the water quality pollution condition is effectively improved through the synergistic effect of the root system of the aquatic plant and the microbial agent, the habitat of aquatic animals and birds is provided, the species diversity is enhanced, and the water surface habitat is improved;
thirdly, continuously monitoring the water quality of the water body by using the multi-parameter water quality analyzer 14, when the condition suitable for the growth of the submerged plants is achieved, detaching the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module 20, and simultaneously embedding the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module 30, wherein the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module 30 is used for promoting the recovery of the submerged plants and providing an inhabiting environment for the breeding of the benthonic animals;
step four, installing the bottom sediment repairing and semi-submerged floating platform 10 of the benthonic animal breeding module 30 to submerge, firstly improving the dissolved oxygen concentration of the water seeds through the liftable aeration device 18, releasing and enhancing the decomposition and removal effect of pollutants in the bottom sediment through the microbial compound bacteria agent of the lowest layer after the pillow-shaped substrate carrier 34 is soaked, releasing and enhancing the seeds of the suitable submerged plants of the second layer, and promoting the recovery of the submerged plants, wherein the artificial reef can improve the habitat for the breeding of the benthonic animals and improve the underwater habitat.
According to the invention, a diving device (a drainage valve 12 and a pump 13), a control device, a solar power supply device (a solar panel 15), a multi-parameter water quality analyzer 14, a liftable aeration device 18, a module mounting rack 16 and the like are arranged on a semi-submersible floating platform 10, a system suitable for water quality lifting and aquatic animal inhabiting of a water body and a system used for water quality lifting of bottom mud and breeding of benthonic animals can be constructed through the module mounting rack 16, and an ecological restoration complex suitable for improvement of the water body habitat of lakes and reservoirs is formed. The invention can be applied to water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like and substrate improvement and ecological restoration.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological restoration complex for improving the water habitat of lakes and reservoirs, which is characterized by comprising: the semi-submersible floating platform comprises a semi-submersible floating platform, a water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module applied to a water body and a bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module applied to bottom mud, wherein the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module and the bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module are used for being installed on the semi-submersible floating platform, the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module is used for effectively improving the water quality pollution condition through the synergistic effect of an aquatic plant root system and a microbial agent and providing a habitat of aquatic animals and birds, and the bottom mud repairing and bottom animal breeding module is used for repairing the bottom mud, promoting the recovery of submerged plants and providing a inhabiting environment for the breeding of bottom animals.
2. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lake reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the semi-submersible floating platform comprises a module mounting frame, and an antenna, a drainage valve, a pump, a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, a solar panel, a propeller, a liftable aeration device and a lateral propeller which are arranged on the module mounting frame.
3. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lake reservoir as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the antenna is used for realizing positioning in lakes and reservoirs with larger water areas, and the drainage valve and the pump are used for controlling the semi-submersible floating platform to submerge into the water body for underwater operation; the multi-parameter water quality analyzer is used for monitoring water quality data in real time; the solar panel is used for providing energy power for platform operation and other instrument operation; the module mounting bracket is used for installing water body promotion and aquatic animal perches module and sediment restoration and benthonic animal and breeds the module, and liftable aeration equipment is used for providing sufficient oxygen for aerobic microorganism metabolism and reproduction.
4. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lakes and reservoirs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module comprises a first fixed mounting frame, a plant purifying unit, an aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit and a carbon fiber purifying unit, wherein the plant purifying unit, the aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit and the carbon fiber purifying unit are mounted on the upper portion of the first fixed mounting frame.
5. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lakes and reservoirs as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the plant purification unit selects various hydrophilic plants to be fixed in the holes of the fixed mounting frame; the biological carbon fiber purification unit selects waterweed type polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers, and screens a microbial agent culture solution for biofilm formation treatment according to the pollution characteristics of a water body to be treated; the aquatic animal and bird inhabiting unit takes natural fibers as raw materials, a basal body carrier platform which is provided with holes in the middle and is compact at the periphery is woven and fixed on the first fixed mounting frame, the part with holes in the middle is used for fixing plant plants and placing a bird nest, and mineral particles are paved on the compact part at the periphery to be used as a habitat of the bionic aquatic animals and birds; the first fixed mounting frame is used for being fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform, so that the water quality is improved, the aquatic animal inhabitation module is used for purifying the water quality and improving the water surface habitat.
6. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lakes and reservoirs as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the microbial agent is one or a combination of more of nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacteria, phosphorus accumulating bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, rhodobacter sphaeroides and lactobacillus plantarum.
7. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lakes and reservoirs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module comprises a substrate carrier, an artificial reef main body and a second fixed mounting frame, wherein the artificial reef main body is fixed at the bottom of the second fixed mounting frame, and the substrate carrier is fixed at the bottom of the artificial reef main body.
8. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lake reservoir as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the artificial reef main body is provided with a benthonic organism inhabiting hole, so that a place for breeding and providing reproduction and inhabitation for benthonic animals is provided; the substrate carrier takes natural fibers as raw materials, is woven into a pillow-shaped structure, wraps the composite microbial agent and the submerged plant seeds in two layers, and leaks on the sediment from the benthos inhabiting holes after being soaked for a long time; and the second fixed mounting frame is fixed on the semi-submersible floating platform to repair bottom mud and improve the underwater habitat.
9. The ecological restoration complex for improving the water body habitat of the lake reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the liftable aeration device keeps the dissolved oxygen between 6.0 and 9.0mg/L by setting the aeration amount and the aeration time of the microporous aeration device.
10. An ecological restoration method for improving the water body habitat of lakes and reservoirs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the ecological restoration complex of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
monitoring water quality parameters and analyzing water quality characteristics of a water body by using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, and determining the types and concentrations of pollutants in the water body and bottom mud;
selecting a restoration area, supplementing, researching and monitoring, analyzing and determining components and optimal process parameters of the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module and the sediment restoring and benthonic animal breeding module, embedding the components into the water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module, effectively improving the water quality pollution condition through the synergistic effect of the root system of the aquatic plant and the microbial agent, providing habitat of aquatic animals and birds, enhancing species diversity and improving the water surface habitat;
continuously monitoring the water quality by using a multi-parameter water quality analyzer, when the water quality of the water body reaches a condition suitable for the growth of submerged plants, detaching a water quality improving and aquatic animal inhabiting module, and embedding a bottom sediment repairing and benthonic animal breeding module which is used for promoting the recovery of the submerged plants and providing an inhabiting environment for the breeding of the benthonic animals;
and step four, mounting a semi-submerged floating platform of a bottom sediment repairing and bottom animal breeding module, submerging the semi-submerged floating platform into water, firstly improving the dissolved oxygen concentration of water seeds through a liftable aeration device, then releasing and enhancing the decomposition and removal effects of pollutants in the bottom sediment through the microbial compound microbial inoculum of the lowermost layer after the pillow-shaped substrate carrier is soaked, releasing the submerged plant seeds of the second layer, promoting the recovery of the submerged plant, wherein the artificial reef is used for breeding the bottom animals to improve the habitat and improve the underwater habitat.
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