CN115463956A - Method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco - Google Patents
Method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN115463956A CN115463956A CN202210730808.XA CN202210730808A CN115463956A CN 115463956 A CN115463956 A CN 115463956A CN 202210730808 A CN202210730808 A CN 202210730808A CN 115463956 A CN115463956 A CN 115463956A
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001304120 Trichoderma pseudokoningii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-QHBHMFGVSA-N 24-epi-brassinolide Chemical compound C1OC(=O)[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C[C@]2(C)[C@H]2CC[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]21 IXVMHGVQKLDRKH-QHBHMFGVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and comprising the following steps: A. mixing powdery zeolite with an organic material and a strain, and then fermenting to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to form a modified material; B. sterilizing the modified material; C. granulating the modified material to generate a granular material; D. applying the particulate material in the target soil; E. planting a crop in a target soil; F. e, mixing the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism with the heavy metal reducing preparation, spraying the mixture on tobacco leaves, and washing the zeolite powder on the tobacco leaves after a preset time; G. after a period of time or after harvesting of the crop, screening the particulate material from the target soil; H. and repeating the steps A-F for a plurality of times until the content of the heavy metal in the soil is lower than the target value. The invention can reduce the heavy metal content in the tobacco by utilizing the adsorbability of the zeolite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco.
Background
The zeolite is a general name of zeolite minerals, and the crystal structure of the zeolite is that cavities and channels with different sizes exist in a grid frame, so that the zeolite has great openness, and has a plurality of characteristics such as ion exchange property, adsorption and separation property, catalysis property, stability, chemical reactivity, reversible dehydration property, conductivity and the like, and has wide application prospects.
At present, in the tobacco planting process, how to reduce the heavy metal pollution in tobacco is an important subject. There are two main ways to solve this problem. One is to treat heavy metals in soil by adopting an adsorption and deposition mode, so that the root system of a plant is more difficult to absorb the heavy metals so as to reduce the enrichment of the heavy metals in tobacco, but after the method is adopted, the heavy metals exist in the soil and are slowly released, and the heavy metal pollution cannot be eradicated; the other is to spray inhibitor (i.e. agent for reducing heavy metal accumulation in tobacco leaf) in the tobacco growth process to inhibit the absorption and accumulation of heavy metal by tobacco, but this method is still in theoretical stage, difficult to be applied rapidly, and does not reduce the content of heavy metal in soil, and once not used, heavy metal is enriched in tobacco. For this reason we intend to solve this problem comprehensively with zeolite materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco, which aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for reducing the heavy metal pollution of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
A. mixing powdery zeolite with an organic material and a strain, and then fermenting to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to form a modified material;
C. granulating the modified material to generate a granular material;
D. applying the particulate material to a target soil;
E. planting a crop in a target soil;
G. after a period of time or after harvesting of the crop, the particulate material is screened from the target soil.
In a possible implementation manner, between step a and step C, the method further includes:
B. sterilizing the modified material;
after step F, further comprising:
H. and repeating the steps A-F for a plurality of times until the content of the heavy metal in the soil is lower than the target value.
In a possible implementation manner, in the step B, the modified material is sterilized by adding quicklime into the modified material and stirring uniformly, and meanwhile, aeration is performed; in step C, the modified material is granulated by briquetting to produce a granulated material.
In one possible implementation, the organic material is one or more of organic materials in the form of feces, straw, kitchen waste, organic-rich soil, organic-rich industrial byproducts that do not have a toxic effect on crops, and the like.
In a possible implementation mode, in the step A, adding the organic material, the decomposing agent and the microbial inoculum into the powdery zeolite, uniformly stirring, heating to 65-75 ℃, fermenting for 4-6h, and then sealing and aging for 10-15h at 65-75 ℃; wherein the microbial inoculum is bacillus subtilis and/or trichoderma pseudokoningii; the mass parts of the materials are 240-340 parts of organic materials, 1-9 parts of decomposing inoculant, 1-9 parts of microbial inoculum and 600-800 parts of powdery zeolite; the powdery zeolite is 60-80 meshes; in step C, the particle size of the granular material is 0.5mm-10mm.
In a possible implementation manner, between step E and step G, further comprising:
F. e, mixing the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism with a heavy metal reduction preparation, spraying the mixture on tobacco leaves, and washing the zeolite powder on the tobacco leaves after a preset time, wherein the heavy metal reduction preparation is a preparation capable of reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the tobacco leaves;
in step G, the ferromagnetic zeolite powder is adsorbed by a magnetic attraction mode, so that the zeolite powder is screened from the target soil.
In one possible implementation, in step F, zeolite powder with ferromagnetism is mixed with the heavy metal reduction agent, then mixed with the starch solution, and then sprayed on the tobacco leaves.
In one possible implementation, in step C, the modifying material is doped with a ferromagnetic substance before it is granulated to form a granulated material.
In a possible implementation manner, in the step E, the planted crop is tobacco, in the step D, part of the granular material is uniformly buried in the ridge, and the other part of the granular material is sprinkled in the furrow, in the step G, after the crop is harvested or before the next crop is sown, soil on the ridge and surface soil of the furrow are screened by using soil screening equipment, and the granular material is screened out from the soil.
In a possible implementation manner, in the step C, the modified material is subjected to draining before the modified material is granulated, and a cementing agent is doped in the modified material before or during the granulation of the modified material; the cementing agent is one or more of materials with cementing property, such as cement, hydrated lime, gypsum, asphalt, rubber and the like.
The method for reducing the heavy metal pollution of the tobacco has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the organic material and the strains are utilized to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to increase the porosity of the powdery zeolite, so that the adsorbability of the powdery zeolite is enhanced, the powdery zeolite can adsorb heavy metals more, meanwhile, the organic material is decomposed by flora metabolism to become high-quality fertilizer which can be absorbed by plants, and then the high-quality fertilizer is prepared into granular material; simultaneously, apply granular materials in soil, can also improve the gas permeability and the moisture retention of soil, promote soil fertility, reduce soil hardening, be favorable to the growth of crop, later screening step is equivalent to the ploughing to soil, can improve the gas permeability, reduce the emergence of plant diseases and insect pests, be favorable to the growth of next crop, and when the screening, can be with bigger stone in the soil, plant roots also sieves out, be favorable to improving the soil property, reduce the demand of soil to nitrogenous fertilizer, and reduce ruderal growth.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco provided by the invention is now explained.
The method for reducing the heavy metal pollution of the tobacco provided by the first embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
A. mixing powdery zeolite with an organic material and a strain, and then fermenting to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to form a modified material;
C. granulating the modified material to generate a granular material;
D. applying the particulate material in the target soil;
E. planting a crop in a target soil;
G. after a period of time or after harvesting of the crop, the particulate material is screened from the target soil.
Compared with the prior art, the method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco provided by the embodiment has the advantages that the organic material and the strain are utilized to biologically modify the powdery zeolite, so that the porosity of the powdery zeolite is increased, the adsorbability of the powdery zeolite is further enhanced, the powdery zeolite can adsorb heavy metals more, meanwhile, the organic material is decomposed by flora metabolism to become a high-quality fertilizer which can be absorbed by plants, and then the high-quality fertilizer is prepared into a granular material, at the moment, the pores of the zeolite in the granular material are filled with the fertilizer, the granular material is applied to soil and used as a base fertilizer after crops are planted in the soil, the fertilizer in the granular material is gradually separated out of the soil and used by the plants, so that the pores in the zeolite can adsorb a large amount of substances such as the heavy metals, and the like, and after the substances such as the heavy metals enter the pores of the zeolite, the granular material can be easily screened from the target soil through screening, so that the contents of the substances such as the heavy metals in the target soil are reduced, and the enrichment of the heavy metals in the crops such as tobacco is further reduced; simultaneously, apply granular materials in soil, can also improve the gas permeability and the moisture retention of soil, promote soil fertility, reduce soil hardening, be favorable to the growth of crop, later screening step is equivalent to the ploughing to soil, can improve the gas permeability, reduce the emergence of plant diseases and insect pests, be favorable to the growth of next crop, and when the screening, can be with bigger stone in the soil, plant roots also sieves out, be favorable to improving the soil property, reduce the demand of soil to nitrogenous fertilizer, and reduce ruderal growth.
The present invention provides a further embodiment based on the first embodiment as follows.
The method for reducing the heavy metal pollution of the tobacco comprises the following steps:
A. mixing powdery zeolite with an organic material and a strain, and then fermenting to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to form a modified material;
B. sterilizing the modified material;
C. granulating the modified material to generate a granular material;
D. applying the particulate material in the target soil;
E. planting a crop in a target soil;
G. after a period of time or after harvesting of the crop, screening the particulate material from the target soil;
H. and repeating the steps A-F for a plurality of times until the content of the heavy metal in the soil is lower than the target value.
In the step B, the modified material is sterilized by adding quicklime into the modified material and uniformly stirring, and meanwhile, aeration is carried out; in step C, the modified material is granulated by compaction to form a granulated material.
The adding amount of the quicklime can be determined according to actual conditions such as the water content and the pH value of the modified material and consolidation requirements in the subsequent granulation process, the specific optimal adding amount can be determined through experiments, the adding amount of the quicklime is preferably 1% -10% of the weight of the modified material, and the pH value of the modified material is alkalescent, so that soil hardening and salinization caused by excessive adding of the quicklime in soil are avoided.
The pH value of the modified material can be adjusted to be neutral or alkaline by adding quicklime, most pathogenic bacteria can be killed, the quicklime can also react with sulfur-based substances to reduce volatilization of malodorous substances, and the quicklime can also play a role in consolidation after the reaction, so that stable and difficultly decomposed particles can be formed in the subsequent granulation process, and the particle materials can be conveniently screened out from the soil in the subsequent granulation process; aeration lets in the air in to the material promptly, and aeration can kill most anaerobes on the one hand to make modified material contact reaction with the air earlier, strengthen its stability after using, a small amount of carbon dioxide in the on the other hand air persists in modified material, and can combine with quick lime under the effect of the water in the modified material, can strengthen the consolidation effect, make the granule material that follow-up pelletization in-process generated form intensity rapidly. In order to improve the consolidation effect, after the modified material is sterilized in the above manner, the modified material is rapidly introduced into a granulation device and is compacted to form a granular material.
The organic materials are one or more of organic materials in the forms of excrement, straws, kitchen waste, soil rich in organic matters, industrial byproducts rich in organic matters and having no toxic or harmful effect on crops and the like.
In the step A, adding the organic material, the decomposing agent and the microbial inoculum into the powdery zeolite, uniformly stirring, heating to 65-75 ℃, fermenting for 4-6h, and then sealing and aging for 10-15h at 65-75 ℃; wherein the microbial inoculum is bacillus subtilis and/or trichoderma pseudokoningii; the mass parts of the materials are 240-340 parts of organic materials, 1-9 parts of decomposing inoculant, 1-9 parts of microbial inoculum and 600-800 parts of powdery zeolite; the powdery zeolite is 60-80 meshes; in step C, the particle size of the granular material is 0.5mm-10mm.
The present invention provides a further embodiment based on the first embodiment as follows.
Between step E and step G also includes:
F. e, mixing the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism with a heavy metal reduction preparation, spraying the mixture on tobacco leaves, and washing the zeolite powder on the tobacco leaves after a preset time, wherein the heavy metal reduction preparation is a preparation capable of reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the tobacco leaves;
in step G, the ferromagnetic zeolite powder is adsorbed by a magnetic attraction mode, so that the zeolite powder is screened from the target soil.
The zeolite powder with ferromagnetism can be made of natural zeolite materials with ferromagnetism, and can also be prepared by a magnetic modification mode. The zeolite powder is mainly used for adsorbing the heavy metal reducing preparation in the initial stage and is attached to the tobacco leaves, so that the heavy metal reducing preparation is slowly released on the leaves, and after the zeolite powder is washed off from the tobacco leaves, the zeolite powder falls into soil and can continuously absorb heavy metals in the soil, and then the heavy metals are screened out in a magnetic absorption mode, so that part of the heavy metals in the soil can be taken away. The heavy metal reducing agent can be 2,4 Epibrassinolide (2,4-Epibrassinolide, EBL), a cadmium reducing agent (a mixed solution of 50-65mg/L reduced glutathione, 15-22mg/L sodium selenite and 2.5-3.5 x 103mg/L sodium silicate) and the like, and the proportion of the heavy metal reducing agent and the zeolite powder can be determined according to the effective using amount of the heavy metal reducing agent.
In step F, the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism is mixed with the heavy metal reducing agent, then mixed with the starch solution, and then sprayed on the tobacco leaves.
The starch solution is the water solution of starch, on one hand, the starch solution can help the zeolite powder to be adhered to the tobacco leaves, on the other hand, the starch solution can close the pores of the zeolite powder, thereby being beneficial to the slow release of the heavy metal reducing preparation, having no adverse effect on the growth of the tobacco, and being beneficial to the growth of the tobacco after being decomposed by microorganisms.
In step C, a ferromagnetic substance is added to the modified material before the modified material is granulated to form a granulated material, so that the granulated material can be better screened out by a magnetic screening device in step G.
In step E, the planted crops are tobaccos, in step D, part of the particle materials are uniformly buried in the ridges, the other part of the particle materials are sprayed in the furrows, in step G, after the crops are harvested or before the next crop is sown, soil of the ridges and the surface soil of the furrows are screened by using soil screening equipment, and the particle materials are screened out of the soil.
By adopting the mode, the granular materials can be conveniently and fully screened, the screening is equivalent to ploughing shallow soil once, and the screened soil is looser, so that the air permeability is favorably improved, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the growth of the next crop is favorably realized. Because the granular materials are screened out, the larger stones and the plant roots in the soil can be screened out together, thereby the method can be used for screening out the granular materials
In the step C, the modified material is drained before being granulated, and a cementing agent is doped in the modified material before or during the granulation of the modified material; the cementing agent is one or more of materials with cementing property, such as cement, hydrated lime, gypsum, asphalt, rubber and the like.
The modified material is subjected to draining so as to avoid the problem that the cementing and granulating effects are poor due to excessive water in the modified material, and the stability of the prepared granular material is reduced, and the draining degree and the optimal addition amount of the cementing agent are determined through tests according to the actual condition of the modified material. If step B is present, the modified material should be drained before step B.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. mixing powdery zeolite with an organic material and a strain, and then fermenting to biologically modify the powdery zeolite to form a modified material;
C. granulating the modified material to generate a granular material;
D. applying the particulate material in the target soil;
E. planting a crop in a target soil;
G. after a period of time or after harvesting of the crop, the particulate material is screened from the target soil.
2. The method for reducing heavy metal pollution of tobacco according to claim 1, further comprising, between step a and step C:
B. sterilizing the modified material;
after step F, further comprising:
H. and repeating the steps A-F for a plurality of times until the content of the heavy metal in the soil is lower than the target value.
3. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 2, wherein: in the step B, the modified material is sterilized by adding quicklime into the modified material and uniformly stirring, and meanwhile, aeration is carried out; in step C, the modified material is granulated by briquetting to produce a granulated material.
4. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: the organic materials are one or more of excrement, straws, kitchen waste, soil rich in organic matters and industrial byproducts rich in organic matters and having no toxic or harmful effect on crops.
5. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A, adding the organic material, the decomposing agent and the microbial inoculum into the powdery zeolite, uniformly stirring, heating to 65-75 ℃, fermenting for 4-6h, and then sealing and aging for 10-15h at 65-75 ℃; wherein the microbial inoculum is bacillus subtilis and/or trichoderma pseudokoningii; the mass parts of the materials are 240-340 parts of organic materials, 1-9 parts of decomposing inoculant, 1-9 parts of microbial inoculum and 600-800 parts of powdery zeolite; the powdery zeolite is 60-80 meshes; in step C, the particle size of the granular material is 0.5mm-10mm.
6. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: between step E and step G also includes:
F. e, mixing the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism with a heavy metal reduction preparation, spraying the mixture on tobacco leaves, and washing the zeolite powder on the tobacco leaves after a preset time, wherein the heavy metal reduction preparation is a preparation capable of reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the tobacco leaves;
in step G, the ferromagnetic zeolite powder is adsorbed by a magnetic attraction mode, so that the zeolite powder is screened from the target soil.
7. The method of reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 6, wherein: in step F, the zeolite powder with ferromagnetism is mixed with the heavy metal reducing agent, then mixed with the starch solution, and then sprayed on the tobacco leaves.
8. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: in step C, a ferromagnetic substance is added to the modified material before it is granulated to form a granulated material.
9. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: in step E, the planted crops are tobaccos, in step D, the granular materials are partially and uniformly buried in the ridges, another part of the granular materials are sprinkled in the furrows, in step G, after the crops are harvested or before the next crop is sown, soil of the ridges and the surface soil of the furrows are screened by using soil screening equipment, and the granular materials are screened out of the soil.
10. The method for reducing heavy metal contamination of tobacco according to claim 1, wherein: in the step C, the modified material is drained before being granulated, and a cementing agent is doped in the modified material before or during the granulation of the modified material; the cementing agent is one or more of cement, hydrated lime, gypsum, asphalt and rubber.
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