CN115463091B - 一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂 - Google Patents
一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115463091B CN115463091B CN202211321751.4A CN202211321751A CN115463091B CN 115463091 B CN115463091 B CN 115463091B CN 202211321751 A CN202211321751 A CN 202211321751A CN 115463091 B CN115463091 B CN 115463091B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂,包括以下质量份的原辅料:2.5‑5.0份米诺环素和/或米诺环素衍生物的微粉,60‑80份疏水油,3‑7份硅酮类溶剂,5‑10份脂肪醇,2‑4份脂肪酸,3‑5份蜡,2‑3份二糖和/或单糖,0.5‑0.7份海藻酸,5‑10份抛射剂;米诺环素微粉占泡沫剂2.5‑5.0wt%。本发明制备得到米诺环素泡沫剂不使用水和表面活性剂,稳定性好,保证了治疗效果。本发明泡沫剂患者每日用药一次就能将米诺环素有效递送至皮肤,给患者用药带来便利性,也减少了全身毒副作用以及不稳定且吸收差的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药品技术领域,尤其涉及一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂。
背景技术
米诺环素,是一种广谱抗菌的四环素类抗生素,为蛋白质合成抑制剂,与微生物中的30S核糖体亚基结合,抑制tRNA氨基酰基mRNA核糖体复合物的形成,达到抑菌作用。米诺环素属于四环素类化合物,亲脂性高,组织穿透力强,而且米诺环素比同类药物具有更广的抗菌谱,对革兰阳性菌包括耐四环素的金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和革兰阴性菌中的淋病奈瑟球菌均有很强的作用;对革兰阴性杆菌的作用一般较弱;对沙眼衣原体和溶脲支原体亦有较好的抑制作用。因此米诺环素常规用于口服治疗皮肤病症,如痤疮,可以明显一直生物性痤疮菌株,抑制皮脂腺的分泌,减少面部皮肤有利脂肪酸水平。但口服制剂的毒副作用对患者治疗造成影响,每日一次用药容易导致血药浓度峰值偏高,进而引起中枢神经副反应,且批次间差异较大,产品稳定性不佳。
目前国内的米诺环素外用制剂,存在不稳定及外用吸收差的问题。比如现有技术中有将米诺环素制备为乳膏剂型。但是乳膏涂膜存在油腻感,涂膜不均匀等问题。而且对于毛发浓密的皮肤区域,治疗效果下降。更重要的是,乳膏制剂没有克服米诺环素不稳定的问题。
CN104274499A公开了一种水包油型复方米诺环素抗菌药物,其实将米诺环素额银杏叶水提物,在表面活性剂,水和油的存在下,制备为水包油型的纳米乳液。其仍为口服剂型。
泡沫剂是治疗皮肤疾病的一种新型剂型,可以直接涂膜在病患处,药物活性成分和病患部位直接接触,直达病灶,相比于口服疗效更加显著。而且泡沫剂相比于乳膏剂,凝胶剂,泡沫剂的密度小,更易于在病患部位渗透,没有膏状等带来的不适感,患者依从性更高。因此在皮肤病的治疗中,泡沫剂是目前最希望研发的剂型。目前美国食品和药物管理局FDA于2019年10月18日批准了米诺环素的泡沫剂剂型,根据浓度商品名分别为Amzeeq(4wt%)和Zilxi(1.5wt)。根据文献(Paik J. Topical Minocycline Foam 4%: A Reviewin Acne Vulgaris. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020; 21(3): 449-456.)的报道,临床试验显示米诺环素4wt%浓度的泡沫剂能够显著降低患者的验证病变。米诺环素泡沫剂能够有效将米诺环素疏松至毛囊皮脂腺部位,其他部位渗透较少,相比于口服米诺环素,全身吸吸收少,安全性明显提高。
申请人经过大量研究发现,米诺环素及其盐酸盐泡沫剂不稳定,主要是对水、高温和表面活性成分比较敏感,易降解或者形成其他杂质。用于泡沫剂时,需要克服其稳定性的问题,避免活性成分降解,或者产生影响治疗效果的杂质。目前市售的米诺环素泡沫剂存在稳定性不足的缺陷,开封使用前需要贮存在冰箱(2-8℃)中,开封后,保存期限在室温条件只有90天左右,如果温度更高,保存周期更短,即有效期更短。而且一旦开封,就不能再贮存在冰箱中,否则会导致药效下降。米诺环素泡沫剂的上述特点,使得在高温高湿的条件下使用不便,疗效不显著的缺陷,比如我国南方城市的夏天。
发明内容
为了克服米诺环素在外用制剂中不稳定和外用吸收差的问题,本发明采用皮肤局部用米诺环素泡沫剂(2.5wt%~5.0wt%)用于痤疮治疗。本发明不使用表面活性剂和水,使用特定组合的疏水油,与脂肪醇、脂肪酸等成分配合,在抛射剂作用下形成触感良好、稳定的泡沫制剂剂型。本发明制备得到米诺环素泡沫剂稳定性好,在30℃的加速条件下存放,杂质含量增加少,药剂稳定性显著增强,保证了治疗效果。本发明泡沫剂患者每日用药一次就能将米诺环素有效递送至皮肤,给患者用药带来便利性,也减少了全身毒副作用以及不稳定和吸收差的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂,包括以下质量份的原辅料:2.5-5.0份米诺环素和/或米诺环素衍生物的微粉,60-80份疏水油,3-7份硅酮类溶剂,5-10份脂肪醇,2-4份脂肪酸,3-5份蜡,2-3份二糖和/或单糖,0.5-0.7份海藻酸,5-10份抛射剂。
所述米诺环素衍生物是米诺环素的盐酸盐,或者水合物,其衍生物都是具有治疗活性的有效成分。
进一步地,泡沫剂中米诺环素及其衍生物的含量为4.0-4.5份。
进一步地,所述米诺环素微粉和/或米诺环素衍生物微粉D90为3-50μm,优选在3-20μm。较大的粒径和较宽的粒径分布,一方面不利于米诺环素在泡沫剂中的分散和稳定性;另一方面大粒径的米诺环素容易聚集,造成分散不均,局部聚集导致对毛发,头皮的损伤风险加大。本发明控制米诺环素微粉的D90在合适范围,能够解决原料药分散不均匀的状况,进而制备良好混悬状态的泡沫剂。另外米诺环素粒径小,能够增加药物和皮肤的粘附,延长了治疗时间,进而提高了米诺环素的生物利用度,小剂量的米诺环素即可完成治疗的目的。但是米诺环素微粉粒径不能太小,低于3μm有进入真皮层导致米诺环素引起毒副作用的风险。
泡沫剂广泛适用于药品行业,其特点主要在于使用方便,密度小,更容易分布于表皮,不粘连,保证药物的的吸附或作用时间,且容易清洗,顺应性强。要将米诺环素药品开发为泡沫剂,首先需要解决的是米诺环素的稳定性和分散性问题,其次需要考虑使用时的方便程度和感官体验。本发明提供的米诺环素泡沫剂,由于没有使用水和表面活性剂成分,制备工艺温和,米诺环素能够均匀、稳定存在于泡沫剂中;泡沫细腻,使用者感官体验佳。通过配方中成分和用量的选择,使得米诺环素在较少用量下达到治疗各类皮肤症状的功效。
所述疏水油选自大豆油、椰子油、轻质矿物油、蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油、葵花油、菜籽油、硅油中的至少一种。疏水油作为药物载体的部分,以促进或增强药物的皮内渗透或递送,可逆地改变角质层外层的阻隔特性,从而推动药物通过细胞内途径穿过皮肤膜。所述硅酮类溶剂选自环甲基硅酮。
优选地,所述疏水油选自椰子油和轻质矿物油按照质量比2.5-4:1的复配。对皮肤有良好的亲和力,泡沫细腻,患者使用感受良好。有助于改善泡沫剂对患者的依从性。
所述单糖选自葡萄糖,所述二糖选自蔗糖,麦芽糖。发明人发现,本发明泡沫剂配方中加入单糖和/或多糖,与少量的海藻酸一起复配使用,可以在不加入水和表面活性剂的情况下获得稳定的泡沫,使本发明泡沫剂米诺环素稳定性得到明显的改善,不管在泡沫剂制备贮存过程中,以及患者使用过程中,都存在很大的便利性和优势。
所述脂肪醇选自十四醇、十六醇、十八醇、十六十八醇、二十二醇、二十四醇、二十六醇中的至少一种;所述脂肪酸选自十二酸、十四酸、十六酸、十七酸、十八酸、二十二酸、二十六酸、二十八酸、三十二酸中的至少一种;所述蜡选自棕榈蜡、石蜡、蜂蜡、固体石蜡、动物蜡、白蜡中的至少一种。表面活性剂具有刺激性,重复使用引起皮肤干燥;更重要的是,申请人发现,在水/醇的存在下,特别是在水/醇和表面活性共同作用下,会出现米诺环素稳定性下降的情况,比如发生降解等反应,导致杂质含量增加。说明水,醇和/或表面活性剂的存在是米诺环素稳定性不好的诱因之一,故本发明不使用水和表面活性剂,采用特定的泡沫剂配方,能够延长泡沫的坍塌时间和稳定性,其从加压容器中释放时应为稳定的并且暴露于皮肤表面不破碎,但在施加温和剪切力时其应易于扩散、分解并被皮肤吸收。
所述抛射剂是指非氟利昂类抛射剂,如四氟乙烷、七氟丙烷中的至少一种。本发明的优势还体现在抛射剂的选择上:国内外一些厂家所使用的抛射剂常为丙烷、异丁烷、丁烷混合物,均是极易燃易爆的物品,对生产安全控制不利,且成本很高,对人们日常使用也带来极大隐患。本发明的抛射剂选用氟代烷烃制得良好的泡沫剂。考虑到氟氯烷烃类抛射剂如三氯一氟甲烷等可能对地球大气臭氧层产生严重破坏,而不建议采用。二氟乙烷具有与丙烷、丁烷等烷烃或烷烃混合物抛射剂类似的性质,高度易燃易爆。所以最佳的抛射剂选择是使用四氟乙烷、七氟丙烷或二者按照任意比例的混合物,比如质量比1-5:1-5。
本发明还提供了所述米诺环素泡沫剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将疏水油混合,加热至60~90℃,搅拌状态下加入脂肪醇、脂肪酸、蜡、硅酮类溶剂、二糖和/或单糖、海藻酸,使物料完全溶解;
S2、将S1所得体系冷却至20-30℃,在搅拌状态下加入米诺环素和/或米诺环素衍生物,搅拌并均质完全;封口,压盖,填充适量抛射剂。
本发明制备出的半成品呈淡黄色混悬状,以铝罐(环氧酚醛树脂涂层)分装后罐压抛射剂,喷出物呈微黄色泡沫,且泡沫柔软细腻,具有一定的强度,能迅速在皮肤上涂布均匀,无异物感,使用者感官体验佳。在研制米诺环素泡沫剂的过程中,采用高低温试验,对制剂稳定性进行考察。将成品在30℃放置24小时,振摇,观察泡沫状态,再低温2~8℃放置24小时,振摇,观察泡沫状态,为一个循环。持续观察十五个循环。结果显示,十五个循环考察结束后,喷出泡沫状态仍良好。
按本方法制备的样品,进行使用稳定性考察。每天按照单次使用量喷出观察泡沫状态,直至喷完,最终喷出总量大于90%,且每次喷出泡沫状态均良好。
按本方法制备的样品,进行稳定性考察。结果显示,泡沫剂样品具有非常好的稳定性,产品能维持良好泡沫状态。
附图说明
图1是新配制的米诺环素泡沫剂HPLC图;
图2是处方1-2经过加速实验三个月后的HPLC图;
图3是对比处方1经过加速实验3个月后的HPLC图。
具体实施方式
以下用具体实施例对本发明米诺环素泡沫剂的制备和性能做进一步解释说明。
米诺环素干粉采购自CURIA ITALY S.R.L.(广东利玮医药有限公司代理),D90约100μm。
对于泡沫剂的发泡质量用4个等级来评价,如下:1)优:外观丰富,泡沫支撑性好,不含有气泡结构,泡沫在在皮肤扩散时保留非常明显的乳脂性;2)良好:外观丰富,具有少量微小气泡结构,薄膜在在皮肤扩散时有一定的乳脂性;3)一般:可见泡沫乳脂少,具有可见的气泡结构,皮肤上扩散时外观变薄变湿;4)差:未见乳脂,泡沫干燥,大且弱的气泡,难以在皮肤扩散。
对泡沫剂对患者依从性是请十名受试者,在面部喷涂少量本发明制得泡沫剂,停留20秒后洗去,喷涂下一组泡沫剂。请受试者依次对泡沫的细腻程度,皮肤触感进行打分,按照四个等级来评价,如下:1)4分:泡沫丰富、细腻、触感良好;2)3分:泡沫较粗糙,但无颗粒感;3)2分:泡沫粗糙,有轻微颗粒感;4)1分:泡沫粗糙,有明显的颗粒感。取平均分。
制备例1
将D90约100μm的米诺环素在超微粉碎机中粉碎30min,最终得到D90约8μm的米诺环素微粉。
制备例2
按照配比称量各组分,按照以下步骤制备米诺环素泡沫剂:
S1、将各种疏水油混合,加热至70℃,搅拌状态下加入脂肪醇、脂肪酸、蜡、硅酮类溶剂、二糖和/或单糖、海藻酸,搅拌条件下使各组分完全溶解;
S2、将S1所得体系冷却至20℃,在搅拌状态下加入盐酸米诺环素,搅拌并均质完全;封口,压盖,填充适量抛射剂。
实施例 以下实施例中各原料用量均为质量百分比。
实施例1 疏水油种类的研究:
按照制备例2的方法制备米诺环素泡沫剂,泡沫剂成分质量百分比配方如下表1所示,配方中各组分均以质量份计:
表1 泡沫剂成分
矿物油和植物油对比,发现矿物油和植物油结合呈现的溶液状态相比更好,优选植物油的比例高于矿物油的比例,具有一定粘性,使原料药的混悬程度最佳,且疏水油的总用量范围最优为60~80%。并且以椰子油和轻质矿物油按照质量比2.5-4:1的组合,泡沫剂触感最为优异,受试者依从性好。
实施例2 泡沫促进剂的研究
按照制备例2的方法制备米诺环素泡沫剂,泡沫剂成分质量百分比配方如下表2所示,配方中各组分均以质量份计:
表2 泡沫剂成分
从表2可知,为保证泡沫质量和消泡时间,脂肪酸、脂肪醇和蜡结合可以实现较好的泡沫质量,脂肪酸的用量过低,或者过少也不利于形成较好的泡沫,三者组合在无表面活性剂条件下能生成高质量的符合要求的泡沫。此外,仅加入白蜡无法形成泡沫,因此,没有列举实施例。
实施例3 抛射剂的研究
按照制备例2的方法制备米诺环素泡沫剂,除抛射剂外,其他成分用量和处方1-2相同,泡沫剂成分质量份用量如下表3所示,配方中各组分均以质量份计:
表3 泡沫剂成分
抛射剂用量决定泡沫的成型性,抛射剂加入量过少或过多,均不利于泡沫的成型,表3数据可以看出,4-12%范围的抛射剂可形成良好的泡沫,优选5-10%,且四氟乙烷和七氟丙烷均适用。
实施例4 米诺环素粒径的影响
泡沫剂配方和实施例3中处方3-4相同,区别在于米诺环素粒径不同。结果如下表4所示:
表4 不同粒径米诺环素泡沫剂对比
说明本发明将米诺环素干粉处理后,减少其粒径,有利于原料药分散均匀,经过验证,原料药的粒径D90控制在50μm以下为宜,优选3-20μm。
实施例5 -促进药物的皮内渗透或递送
本发明通过疏水油作为药物载体的部分,以促进或增强药物的皮内渗透或递送,可逆地改变角质层外层的阻隔特性,从而推动药物通过细胞内途径穿过皮肤膜。
本实施例研究了米诺环素泡沫剂通过1.05mm厚人工合成硅橡胶膜模拟泡沫剂(处方1-2)对皮肤渗透的机制,来模拟载体对经皮吸收的影响。
具体操作是建立Franz扩散池,将1.05mm厚硅橡胶膜固定,接受池为和人体血浆具有相同pH、相同渗透压的生理盐水接受液,控制接受池水浴温度为32℃,待接受池接受液温度达到32℃后,取0.1g实施例的处方1-2制备的米诺环素泡沫剂在1.05mm厚硅橡胶膜上,涂抹面积1cm2,在给药24小时后,接受液经过微孔滤膜过滤后,HPLC检测米诺环素含量,计算透皮率。
表5 不同处方透皮率对比
通过表5数据可以看出,本发明联合使用矿物油和植物油,以及最优米诺环素粒径范围,可以明显改善米诺环素的透皮率,保证疗效。
实施例6
对处方1-2的米诺环素泡沫剂进行检测,结果如下表6所示:
表6 米诺环素泡沫剂指标
实施例7 稳定性实验
为了证实蔗糖和海藻酸对本发明泡沫剂中米诺环素的稳定性有改善作用,进行了以下稳定性的实验。对实施例1中处方1-2的泡沫剂进行加速试验(40℃,75%RH),测试稳定性。同时还进行了对比处方的实验:
对实施例1中处方1-2的泡沫剂进行加速试验(40℃,75%RH),测试稳定性,结果如下表7所示:
处方7-1:其他和处方1-2相同,区别在于蔗糖替换为等质量的麦芽糖。
处方7-2:其他和处方1-2相同,区别在于蔗糖用量改为3份,海藻酸用量改为0.7份。
对比处方1:市售4wt%米诺环素泡沫剂(含有水和表面活性剂)
对比处方2:其他和处方1-2相同,区别在于不加入蔗糖。
对比处方3:其他和处方1-2相同,区别在于不加入海藻酸。
表7 米诺环素含量在加速实验条件下的相对含量变化
图1是新配制的米诺环素泡沫剂HPLC图,图2是处方1-2经过加速实验三个月后的HPLC图。其米诺环素相对于进行加速实验前(第0天),相对含量仅下降至99.45%(以第0天米诺环素含量为100%,计算得到的相对值)。图3是对比处方1经过加速实验3个月后的HPLC图。其由于有水和表面活性剂的存在, 稳定性明显不如本发明稳定性改善的米诺环素泡沫剂。
表7的稳定性测试结果说明本发明制备的米诺环素泡沫剂加速实验条件下3个月内稳定性都优异,相比于市售的含有水和表面活性剂的米诺环素泡沫剂,本发明泡沫剂有效成分米诺环素的含量没有发生明显变化。
Claims (6)
1.一种改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂,其特征在于,包括以下质量份的原辅料:2.5-5.0份米诺环素微粉和/或米诺环素衍生物微粉,60-80份疏水油,3-7份硅酮类溶剂,5-10份脂肪醇,2-4份脂肪酸,3-5份蜡,2-3份二糖,0.5-0.7份海藻酸,5-10份抛射剂;
所述疏水油选自椰子油和轻质矿物油按照质量比2.5-4:1的复配;
所述脂肪醇选自十四醇、十六醇、十八醇、二十二醇、二十四醇、二十六醇中的至少一种;所述脂肪酸选自十八酸;所述蜡选自白蜡;
所述二糖选自蔗糖,麦芽糖。
2.如权利要求1所述的米诺环素泡沫剂,其特征在于,所述米诺环素衍生物是米诺环素的盐酸盐,或者水合物;所述泡沫剂中米诺环素微粉和/或米诺环素衍生物微粉的总含量为4.0-4.5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的米诺环素泡沫剂,其特征在于,所述米诺环素微粉和/或米诺环素衍生物微粉的D90为3-50μm。
4.如权利要求3所述的米诺环素泡沫剂,其特征在于,所述米诺环素微粉和/或米诺环素衍生物微粉的D90为3-20μm。
5.如权利要求1所述的米诺环素泡沫剂,其特征在于,所述抛射剂为四氟乙烷、七氟丙烷中的至少一种。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述改善稳定性的米诺环素泡沫剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将疏水油混合,加热至60~90℃,搅拌状态下加入脂肪醇、脂肪酸、蜡、硅酮类溶剂、二糖、海藻酸,使物料完全溶解;
S2、将S1所得体系冷却至20-30℃,在搅拌状态下加入米诺环素和/或米诺环素衍生物,搅拌并均质完全;封口,压盖,填充适量抛射剂。
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