CN115450048A - 一种高效阻燃无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高效阻燃无纺布及其制备方法,所述高效阻燃无纺布包括以下重量份的原料:100‑150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、300‑400份阳离子浸渍液、300‑400份阴离子浸渍液和300‑400份纳米填充液。所述高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:S1:制备阳离子浸渍液、阴离子浸渍液和纳米填充液;S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡12‑24h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡12‑24h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡12‑24h,再取出进行热烘处理,得高效阻燃无纺布。本发明的高效阻燃无纺布及其制作方法,工艺过程环保简单可靠,具有良好的阻燃性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造布技术领域,具体涉及一种高效阻燃无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
当前,非织造产业正欣欣向荣的发展,非织造布在日常生活中已扮演着愈加重要的角色,在医用材料、过滤材料、服用材料、装饰材料、卫生用品、擦拭用材料、土工和建筑等领域的应用已十分普遍。由聚丙烯或聚丙烯组成的非织造布表现出原料来源稳定、强度高、耐磨、化学稳定性良好和成本低廉等优点,在非织造布中占有较大的份额。现有的无纺布具有基本的阻燃功能,燃点较高,且是由有机物质制造而成,较为环保,但是随着人们生活质量的不断提高,人们对布料的燃点和环保性要求也逐渐的增加,传统的无纺布制备方法已经无法达到社会的需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种高效阻燃无纺布及其制作方法,工艺过程环保简单可靠,具有良好的阻燃性。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种高效阻燃无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:100-150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、300- 400份阳离子浸渍液、300-400份阴离子浸渍液和300-400份纳米填充液。
优选地,包括以下重量份的原料:150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、400份阳离子浸渍液、400份阴离子浸渍液和400份纳米填充液。
一种高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液、阴离子浸渍液和纳米填充液;
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡12-24h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡 12-24h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡12-24h,再取出进行热烘处理,得高效阻燃无纺布。
优选地,所述步骤S1中阳离子浸渍液的制备方法具体为:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于30-40℃下搅拌12- 24h,得阳离子浸渍液。
优选地,所述壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5。
优选地,所述步骤S1中阴离子浸渍液的制备方法具体为:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于70-80℃下搅拌2-4h,得阴离子浸渍液。
优选地,所述琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10。
优选地,所述步骤S1中纳米填充液的制备方法具体为:
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于30-40℃下搅拌12-24h,得纳米填充液。
优选地,所述纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5。
优选地,所述热烘处理为高温50-60℃烘焙8-10min。
本发明中的壳聚糖季铵盐溶于水电离形成﹣NH3+和季铵基团,形成聚阳离子电解质溶液,琼脂加柠檬酸钠溶于水电离形成﹣COO-形成聚阴离子电解质溶液,使得织物表面先负载阳离子电解质液,再通过离子结合和分子作用,吸引附着阴离子电解质溶液,以提高织物表面的凹凸度,使得离子能够稳定的接枝在织物表面和织物骨架中。
本发明中的聚丙烯酸酯将纳米二氧化硅组分枝接在一起以构建更牢固的化学键合的作用,并可迁移到织物的表面起到了保护层的作用,隔离内部基质与空气之间烟气的传递,亦可填充渗透到在孔隙、裂纹处,使无纺布内部孔隙减少,改变织物孔结构,同时亦能够扦插至离子交联物之间,抑制孔隙间连通并堵塞孔隙通道,提高自身密实度,达到较好的致密性,有效减少与空气中的氧接触,提高阻燃性能。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。另,特别说明,本发明原料和设备均可从市售所得,不再一一列举。
实施例一:
一种高效阻燃无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、400份阳离子浸渍液、400份阴离子浸渍液和400份纳米填充液。
一种高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于的体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于40℃下搅拌24h,得阳离子浸渍液,其中,壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5;
制备阴离子浸渍液:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于80℃下搅拌4h,得阴离子浸渍液,其中,琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10;
制备纳米填充液;
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于40℃下搅拌24h,得纳米填充液,其中纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5,
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡24h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡24h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡24h,再取出并于高温60℃下烘焙10min,得高效阻燃无纺布。
实施例二:
一种高效阻燃无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:100份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、300份阳离子浸渍液、300份阴离子浸渍液和300份纳米填充液。
一种高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于的体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于30℃下搅拌12h,得阳离子浸渍液,其中,壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5;
制备阴离子浸渍液:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于70℃下搅拌2h,得阴离子浸渍液,其中,琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10;
制备纳米填充液;
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于30℃下搅拌12h,得纳米填充液,其中纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5,
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡20h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡20h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡20h,再取出并于高温50℃下烘焙8min,得高效阻燃无纺布。
实施例三:
一种高效阻燃无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:120份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、350份阳离子浸渍液、350份阴离子浸渍液和350份纳米填充液。
一种高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于的体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于35℃下搅拌18h,得阳离子浸渍液,其中,壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5;
制备阴离子浸渍液:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于75℃下搅拌3h,得阴离子浸渍液,其中,琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10;
制备纳米填充液;
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于35℃下搅拌18h,得纳米填充液,其中纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5,
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡12h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡12h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡12h,再取出并于高温55℃下烘焙9min,得高效阻燃无纺布。
对比例1:
对比例1与实施例1的组分重量份和制备方法基本相同,不同的是,不包括阳离子浸渍液和阴离子浸渍液,具体为:
一种无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布和400份纳米填充液。
一种无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备纳米填充液;
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于40℃下搅拌24h,得纳米填充液,其中纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5,
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先于纳米填充液中浸泡24h,再取出并于高温60℃下烘焙10min,得无纺布。
对比例2:
对比例2与实施例1的组分重量份和制备方法基本相同,不同的是,不包括纳米填充液,具体为:
一种无纺布,包括以下重量份的原料:150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、400份阳离子浸渍液和400份阴离子浸渍液。
一种无纺布的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于的体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于40℃下搅拌24h,得阳离子浸渍液,其中,壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5;
制备阴离子浸渍液:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于80℃下搅拌4h,得阴离子浸渍液,其中,琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10;
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡24h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡24h,最后取出并于高温60℃下烘焙10min,得无纺布。
下面对实施例1-3和对比例1-2所得无纺布沿纵向各剪取5个50mm×200mm的条状试样,进行断裂强度和冲击韧性的测试,分别测试5次取平均值。其中,断裂强度、冲击韧性采用GB/T 24218.3-2010标准。极限氧指数(LOI)测试;依据纺织品燃烧性能试验(垂直法)GB/T 5455-1997,在氧指数测试仪上进行测试;LOI值越大,阻燃性能越好。结果如表1 所示。
表1
从上表可以看出,实施例1-3的断裂强度、冲击韧性和阻燃性能较对比例1和对比例2 均有所提高,说明本发明制得的无纺布具有良好的阻燃性和力学性能。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种高效阻燃无纺布,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:100-150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、300-400份阳离子浸渍液、300-400份阴离子浸渍液和300-400份纳米填充液。
2.如权利要求1所述的高效阻燃无纺布,其特征在于,包括以下重量份的原料:150份聚丙烯纤维无纺布、400份阳离子浸渍液、400份阴离子浸渍液和400份纳米填充液。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括下列步骤:
S1:制备阳离子浸渍液、阴离子浸渍液和纳米填充液;
S2:将聚丙烯纤维无纺布先在阳离子浸渍液中浸泡12-24h,再于阴离子浸渍液中浸泡12-24h,最后于纳米填充液中浸泡12-24h,再取出进行热烘处理,得高效阻燃无纺布。
4.如权利要求3所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中阳离子浸渍液的制备方法具体为:
将壳聚糖季铵盐和PEG溶于体积分数为50%的醋酸水溶液中,于30-40℃下搅拌12-24h,得阳离子浸渍液。
5.如权利要求4所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述壳聚糖季铵盐、PEG和醋酸水溶液的重量份比为1:2:5。
6.如权利要求3所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中阴离子浸渍液的制备方法具体为:
将琼脂粉和柠檬酸钠溶于蒸馏水中,于70-80℃下搅拌2-4h,得阴离子浸渍液。
7.如权利要求6所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述琼脂粉、柠檬酸钠和蒸馏水的重量份比为1:2:10。
8.如权利要求4所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中纳米填充液的制备方法具体为:
将纳米二氧化硅和聚丙烯酸酯溶于体积分数为50%的乙醇溶液中,于30-40℃下搅拌12-24h,得纳米填充液。
9.如权利要求8所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯和乙醇溶液的重量份比为1:1:5。
10.如权利要求3所述的高效阻燃无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热烘处理为高温50-60℃烘焙8-10min。
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