CN115449936B - High-performance film-rolled micro-nano fiber yarn and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
High-performance film-rolled micro-nano fiber yarn and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115449936B CN115449936B CN202211121428.2A CN202211121428A CN115449936B CN 115449936 B CN115449936 B CN 115449936B CN 202211121428 A CN202211121428 A CN 202211121428A CN 115449936 B CN115449936 B CN 115449936B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/222—Stretching in a gaseous atmosphere or in a fluid bed
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of preparing high-performance film roll micro-nano fiber yarns, in particular to a high-performance film roll micro-nano fiber yarn and a preparation process thereof, comprising the following steps: (1) Preparing spinning solution, and preparing micro-nanofiber yarns by an electrostatic spinning combined film winding process; (2) Carrying out heat drafting treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare a high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, or carrying out twisting treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare a high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, or carrying out compound twisting treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of heat drafting treatment to obtain a high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn; the micro-nano fiber yarn with uniform structure, high fiber orientation degree, high crystallinity and strong mechanical property is obtained by combining electrostatic spinning, film winding process, hot drawing and twisting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparing high-performance micro-nanofiber yarns, in particular to a high-performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn and a preparation process thereof.
Background
The electrostatic spinning micro-nano fiber yarn is a novel spinning technology for preparing micro-nano fibers by utilizing an electrostatic spinning technology, and then collecting and twisting the micro-nano fibers into yarns, compared with the conventional spinning technology, the fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning has a thinner diameter and a higher specific surface area, the formed micro-nano fiber yarn replaces the traditional micro-fiber yarn, and is prepared into a high-performance textile product by the technical means of weaving, knitting, braiding and the like, so that the mechanical property of the micro-nano fiber yarn is improved or the extra physical properties and biological properties such as sound, light, electricity, magnetism, heat and the like are endowed to the micro-nano fiber yarn, and the electrostatic spinning micro-nano fiber yarn has wide application prospect in the fields of intelligent wearable textiles, biomedical textiles, sensing devices and the like.
At present, the forming modes of electrospun micro-nanofiber yarns are various, but the prepared micro-nanofiber yarns have a plurality of defects: firstly, the mechanical property and uniformity of the prepared yarn are poor, and the basic requirements of traditional spinning processing are difficult to meet; secondly, the prepared yarn has lower orientation degree and crystallinity; thirdly, the yarn has a single structure. Chinese patent 201910031510.8 is to soak the yarn containing the nanofibers in dimethylformamide solution with proper concentration, then dry the yarn, and form a crosslinked network structure through the secondary dissolution and adhesion between the nanofibers, so that the breaking strength of the yarn can be effectively improved, but the spinning material is only limited to polymers which can be dissolved in dimethylformamide, and the surface morphology of the yarn can be obviously changed. The Chinese patent 201910434699.5 can realize continuous production of oriented nanofiber yarns by designing a combined spinning device, but the device is complex and the structure diversity of the prepared yarns is insufficient. Therefore, the improvement is carried out from multiple aspects simultaneously, and the mechanical property, uniformity, orientation degree and crystallinity of the micro-nano fiber yarn are made up, so that the technical problem to be solved is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the high-performance film-rolled micro-nanofiber yarn and the preparation process thereof are provided, and the micro-nanofiber yarn with uniform structure, high fiber orientation degree, high crystallinity and strong mechanical property is obtained by combining electrostatic spinning, film rolling process, hot drawing and twisting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the high-performance film-roll micro-nano fiber yarn is prepared by combining a micro-nano fiber film prepared by electrostatic spinning with a film roll process, or further prepared by hot drawing treatment, or twisting treatment, or is prepared by carrying out compound twisting on the film-roll micro-nano fiber yarn subjected to hot drawing treatment.
The preparation process of the high-performance film roll micro-nano fiber yarn comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing spinning solution, preparing a micro-nanofiber membrane through electrostatic spinning, and then obtaining high-performance membrane-roll micro-nanofiber yarns by adopting a membrane roll process;
(2) And (3) carrying out hot drawing treatment on the film roll micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn, or carrying out twisting treatment on the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn, or carrying out compound twisting treatment on the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of hot drawing treatment to prepare high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn.
The spinning solution prepared in the step (1) comprises a polylactic acid solution, a polyglycolic acid solution, a polycaprolactone solution, a polyglycolide-lactide solution, a polylactide-glycolide solution, a polylactide-caprolactone solution, a polydioxanone solution, a polytrimethylene carbonate solution, a polyethylene glycol solution, a polyhydroxyalkanoate solution, a polybutylene succinate solution and other polymer solutions capable of being used for electrostatic spinning, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.1-50%.
The step (1) is to prepare the high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn by combining electrostatic spinning with a film winding process, and the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained by electrostatic spinning is aligned and collected on a metal winding roller to form a micro-nano fiber film with a certain thickness and width, and the micro-nano fiber film is parallelly wound and rubbed into a linear ring in a direction perpendicular to the fiber alignment, and is cut to obtain the micro-nano fiber yarn.
The preparation process of the high-performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn comprises the steps of enabling the thickness of the micro-nanofiber film to be 10 mu m to 10cm and enabling the width to be 10 mu m to 100cm.
According to the preparation process of the high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn, the external voltage of electrostatic spinning is +1kV to +150kV, the distance between a spinning nozzle and a metal winding roller is 1cm to 100cm, the liquid supply speed of a liquid supply box is 0.1 mu L/h to 50mL/h, and the rotating speed of the metal winding roller is 1rpm to 20000rpm.
In the above preparation process of the high-performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn, in the step (2), the heat drafting process in preparing the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn comprises the following steps: the drafting treatment is carried out by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, the drafting temperature is 1 ℃ to 500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1 to 1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1N to 1000N.
In the above preparation process of the high-performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn, in the step (2), the twisting process in the preparation of the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn by twisting treatment is as follows: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, and the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist.
In the above preparation process of the high performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn, in the step (2), the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat drawing treatment is subjected to composite twisting treatment to obtain the high performance micro-nanofiber yarn, wherein the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat drawing treatment is subjected to drawing treatment by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, and the process parameters are as follows: the drafting temperature is 1-500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1-1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1-1000N; the technical parameters of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of twisting treatment are as follows: the twisting degree is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist, and the technological parameters of the composite twisting treatment of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat drafting treatment are as follows: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, and the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist.
The high-performance film-rolled micro-nano fiber yarn and the preparation process thereof have the beneficial effects that the metal winding roller is adopted for collection, so that the highly oriented arrangement of micro-nano fibers can be ensured; the micro-nanofiber yarn is prepared by adopting a transverse parallel rolling mode, so that the real-time adjustment and control of the yarn diameter can be realized, and the regular and uniform arrangement of the micro-nanofiber is ensured; the orientation degree and the crystallinity degree of micro-nano fibers in the yarn can be further improved by adopting a hot drawing process, the yarn structure is obviously optimized, the yarn fineness is regulated, and the mechanical property of the yarn is improved; the twisting process can realize yarn structure diversification, reduce yarn fineness unevenness and further improve yarn mechanical properties. In a comprehensive way, the metal winding roller collects and is perpendicular to the fiber arrangement direction in a parallel winding and twisting yarn forming mode, micro-nanofiber yarns with uniform structure, high orientation and controllable diameter can be produced, micro-nanofiber drafting yarns with different drafting degrees can be obtained through a hot drafting process, the yarn orientation degree, the crystallinity and the mechanical property are remarkably improved, micro-nanofiber twisting yarns with different twisting effects and micro-nanofiber drafting and twisting yarns can be obtained through a twisting process, and the yarn structure, the uniformity and the mechanical property are optimized. The micro-nanofiber yarn prepared by the invention has the advantages of uniform and various structures, high orientation degree, high crystallinity and excellent mechanical properties.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for preparing the micro-nanofiber yarn of the film roll in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of the heat-drawing process of example 1 for preparing a high performance micro-nanofiber yarn;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram of the twisting process of example 2 to produce a high performance micro-nanofiber yarn;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of example 3 for preparing a hot drawn composite twisted high performance micro-nanofiber yarn;
FIG. 5 is an SEM image of the prepared film roll micro-nanofiber yarn, 3-fold drawn micro-nanofiber drawn yarn, single twisted micro-nanofiber twisted yarn, and 5-fold twisted micro-nanofiber drawn twisted yarn;
fig. 6 is the mechanical properties of a film roll micro-nanofiber yarn, a 3-fold drawn micro-nanofiber drawn yarn, a single twisted micro-nanofiber twisted yarn, and a 5-ply twisted micro-nanofiber drawn twisted yarn.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
The high-performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn is prepared by combining a micro-nanofiber film prepared by electrostatic spinning with a film roll process, or further prepared by hot drawing treatment, or twisting treatment, or performing compound twisting on the film roll micro-nanofiber yarn subjected to hot drawing treatment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a preparation process of the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing spinning solution, preparing a micro-nanofiber membrane through electrostatic spinning, and then obtaining high-performance membrane-roll micro-nanofiber yarns by adopting a membrane roll process;
the spinning solution prepared in the step (1) comprises a polylactic acid solution, a polyglycolic acid solution, a polycaprolactone solution, a polyglycolide-lactide solution, a polylactide-glycolide solution, a polylactide-caprolactone solution, a polydioxanone solution, a polytrimethylene carbonate solution, a polyethylene glycol solution, a polyhydroxyalkanoate solution, a polybutylene succinate solution and other polymer solutions capable of being used for electrostatic spinning, wherein the concentration of the solution is 0.1-50%.
The step (1) is to prepare micro-nanofiber yarn through electrostatic spinning, namely, the micro-nanofiber obtained through the electrostatic spinning combined film winding process is arranged in an oriented mode and collected on a metal winding roller to form a micro-nanofiber film with a certain thickness and a certain width, the micro-nanofiber film is wound in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the fiber arrangement direction to form linear circular rings, and the micro-nanofiber yarn is obtained after cutting.
The electrostatic spinning external voltage is +1kV to +150kV, the distance between the spinning nozzle and the metal winding roller is 1cm to 100cm, the liquid supply speed of the liquid supply box is 0.1 mu L/h to 50mL/h, and the rotating speed of the metal winding roller is 1rpm to 20000rpm.
The thickness of the micro-nano fiber film is 10 mu m to 10cm, and the width is 10 mu m to 100cm.
Example 2
The same parts as those of embodiment 1 are not repeated, and the difference is that:
and (3) carrying out hot drawing treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn.
In the above preparation process of the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, in the step (2), the heat-drawing treatment process in the preparation of the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn is as follows: the drafting treatment is carried out by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, the drafting temperature is 1 ℃ to 500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1 to 1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1N to 1000N.
Example 3
The points of the embodiment that are the same as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, and the difference is that:
twisting the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn.
The twisting treatment process in the preparation of the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn comprises the following steps: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, and the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist.
Example 4
The points of the embodiment that are the same as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, and the difference is that:
twisting and compounding the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the hot drawing treatment to obtain the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn,
the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the hot drawing treatment is drawn by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, and the technological parameters are as follows: the drafting temperature is 1-500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1-1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1-1000N; the technical parameters of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of twisting treatment are as follows: the twisting degree is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist, and the technological parameters of the composite twisting treatment of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat drafting treatment are as follows: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm, and the twisting direction comprises Z twist and S twist.
Example 5
The points of the embodiment that are the same as those of embodiment 1 are not described in detail, and the difference is that:
spinning was performed using a spinning solution prepared from poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and hexafluoroisopropanol as an example. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Dissolving PLLA powder in hexafluoroisopropanol, stirring, dissolving, and standing to obtain spinning solution with concentration of 10%; (2) Filling PLLA spinning solution into a solution supply box, and supplying the solution to a spinning nozzle at the rate of 0.8mL/h; (3) Opening a high-voltage electrostatic generator to provide +12kV high-voltage electrostatic for the spinning nozzle, wherein the nano fiber sprayed by the spinning nozzle can be gathered between the spinning nozzle and the metal winding drum to form a horn shape; (4) The motor is started to set the rotating speed of the metal winding roller to 1000rpm, and the nanofibers are primarily collected into an oriented nanofiber membrane with a certain thickness; (5) Closing the motor, after the metal winding roller is static, parallelly winding the nanofiber membrane in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the fibers to form a linear ring, and cutting to obtain nanofiber yarns; (6) After the nanofiber yarn is freeze-dried for a period of time, the nanofiber yarn is sent into a hot drawing device, the temperature is 70 ℃, and the drawing multiple is set to be 3 times; (7) The nanofiber yarn and the yarn after 3-fold drafting are respectively twisted, the twisting yarn numbers are respectively 1 strand and 5 strands, and the twisting yarn numbers are respectively 120 twist/10 cm and 70 twist/10 cm. FIG. 5 shows SEM images of the prepared nanofiber yarn, 3-fold drawn nanofiber drawn yarn, single twisted nanofiber twisted yarn and 5-fold twisted nanofiber drawn twisted yarn, the diameters of 50 yarns were randomly calculated, respectively, to give a nanofiber yarn diameter of 424.65.+ -. 4.69 μm, a 3-fold drawn nanofiber drawn yarn diameter of 278.99.+ -. 6.98 μm, a single twisted nanofiber twisted yarn diameter of 305.22.+ -. 5.17 μm, and a 5-fold twisted nanofiber drawn twisted yarn diameter of 376.69.+ -. 12.61. Mu.m; the diameters of 100 nanofibers are calculated randomly respectively, the diameter of the nanofiber yarn is 990.7 +/-258 nm, the diameter of the nanofiber drawn yarn drawn by 3 times is 654.2+/-150 nm, and the diameter of the yarn after drawing and the diameter of the nanofiber are reduced. FIG. 6 shows the mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns, 3-fold drawn nanofiber drawn yarns, single twisted nanofiber twisted yarns and 5-fold twisted nanofiber drawn twisted yarns, the breaking stress of the nanofiber yarns was 29.7.+ -. 1.2MPa, the breaking stress of the 3-fold drawn nanofiber drawn yarns was 89.8.+ -. 0.9MPa, the breaking stress of the single twisted nanofiber twisted yarns was 55.4.+ -. 1.1MPa, the breaking stress of the 5-fold twisted nanofiber drawn twisted yarns was 120.7.+ -. 0.4MPa, i.e., the breaking stress of the drawn yarns was significantly higher than that of the undrawn yarns, and the breaking stress of the twisted yarns was significantly higher than that of untwisted yarns.
Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, as variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation process of a high-performance film roll micro-nano fiber yarn is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is characterized by comprising the steps of combining a micro-nanofiber membrane prepared by electrostatic spinning with a membrane roll process, and further performing hot drawing treatment, twisting treatment or composite twisting on a membrane roll micro-nanofiber yarn subjected to hot drawing treatment; the preparation process of the high-performance film roll micro-nano fiber yarn comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing spinning solution, preparing a micro-nanofiber membrane through electrostatic spinning, and then obtaining high-performance membrane-roll micro-nanofiber yarns by adopting a membrane roll process;
(2) Performing heat drawing treatment on the film roll micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, or performing twisting treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) to prepare high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, or performing compound twisting treatment on the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) subjected to heat drawing treatment to prepare high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn;
the step (1) is to prepare high-performance micro-nano fiber yarn through an electrostatic spinning combined film winding process, namely, the micro-nano fiber obtained through electrostatic spinning is arranged and collected on a metal winding drum in an oriented mode to form a micro-nano fiber film with a certain thickness and width, and the micro-nano fiber film is wound in parallel in the direction perpendicular to the fiber arrangement direction to form a linear ring, and the linear ring is cut to obtain the micro-nano fiber yarn.
2. The process for preparing the high-performance film-wound micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 1, wherein the spinning solution prepared in the step (1) comprises a polylactic acid solution, a polyglycolic acid solution, a polycaprolactone solution, a polyglycolide-lactide solution, a polylactide-glycolide solution, a polylactide-caprolactone solution, a polydioxanone solution, a polytrimethylene carbonate solution, a polyethylene glycol solution, a polyhydroxyalkanoate solution, a polybutylene succinate solution and other polymer solutions capable of being used for electrostatic spinning, and the concentration of the solution is 0.1-50%.
3. The process for preparing a high performance film roll micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the micro-nanofiber film is 10 μm to 10cm and the width is 10 μm to 100cm.
4. The process for preparing a high-performance film-wound micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 3, wherein the electrostatic spinning external voltage is +1kV to + kV, the distance between a spinning nozzle and a metal winding drum is 1cm to 100cm, the liquid supply speed of a liquid supply tank is 0.1 mu L/h to 50mL/h, and the rotating speed of the metal winding drum is 1rpm to 20000rpm.
5. The process for preparing a high-performance film-wound micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the heat-drawing treatment process in preparing the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn by heat-drawing treatment is as follows: the drafting treatment is carried out by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, the drafting temperature is 1 ℃ to 500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1 to 1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1N to 1000N.
6. The process for preparing a high-performance film-wound micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the twisting process in preparing the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn by twisting is as follows: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, and the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm.
7. The process for preparing the high-performance film-wound micro-nanofiber yarn according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat-drawing treatment is subjected to composite twisting treatment to obtain the high-performance micro-nanofiber yarn, and the micro-nanofiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the heat-drawing treatment is subjected to drawing treatment by utilizing the action of hot air and external force, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the drafting temperature is 1 ℃ to 500 ℃, the drafting multiple is 0.1 times to 1000 times, and the drafting tension is 0.1N to 1000N; the technical parameters of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of twisting treatment are as follows: the twisting degree is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm; the technological parameters of the composite twisting treatment of the micro-nano fiber yarn obtained in the step (1) of the hot drawing treatment are as follows: the number of twisted strands is 1 to 1000, and the twist is 0.5 twist/10 cm to 5000 twist/10 cm.
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| CN101302673A (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2008-11-12 | 西安工程大学 | Electrostatic spinning nano-fibre yarn system and preparation of nano-fiber yarn |
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