CN108396428B - Short-process double-twisting yarn forming method for high-rigidity brittle fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a short-process double-twisting yarn-forming method for high-rigidity brittle fibers, and belongs to the technical field of textiles. The invention utilizes the characteristic that the high-rigidity brittle fiber is easy to be made into a non-woven flexible surface material, a non-woven flexible surface material roll made of a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material is arranged on a splitting machine, the non-woven surface material is cut into fiber strips, a strip-shaped high-rigidity brittle fiber prepolymer is quickly made, and then the strip-shaped high-rigidity brittle fiber prepolymer is directly and continuously converted into linear cylindrical yarns by adopting the double-twisting action of a double-twisting disk of a double-twisting machine. The method has short process flow and is easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Short-process double-twisting yarn forming method for high-rigidity brittle fibers

Technical Field

The invention relates to a short-process double-twisting yarn-forming method for high-rigidity brittle fibers, and belongs to the technical field of textiles.

Background

Textile fabrics for garments can be divided into three main categories: woven (tatted), knitted and non-woven fabrics. The woven and knitted fabrics are made of yarns or filaments by a weaving process; nonwoven fabrics (also known as nonwovens) are made by bonding, fusing or other mechanical and chemical processes to textile fibers. The woven fabric is a fabric formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns vertically, and the fabric weave comprises plain weave, twill weave, satin weave and weave formed by the three basic weaves and the intersection change of the three basic weaves. The knitted fabric is formed by forming loops by yarns or filaments and then mutually stringing and sleeving the loops, and most of the knitted fabric has good elasticity due to the structural characteristics of the loops and large yarn storage amount in unit length. Machine weaving and knitting all belong to traditional textile processing category, and traditional weaving adopts and spins earlier, weaves the process after, and specific machine weaving step is: loose fiber opening and impurity removal, mixing, carding, combing, primary drawing, secondary drawing, roving, spinning, spooling, warping, slashing, tying warp, weft preparation and weaving; the specific weft knitting steps are as follows: loose fiber opening and impurity removing, mixing, carding, combing, primary drawing, secondary drawing, roving, spinning, spooling, heat setting and weft knitting. In traditional textile processing, there are three major technical problems: firstly, the traditional ring spinning method has the advantages that the process steps, the process flow and the labor are more, the time consumption is more, the cost is high, and the high-efficiency, high-quality and short-process spinning is the basis for shortening the spinning process; secondly, weaving preparation and weaving process flows after the spinning and spinning process are longer, the running speed is high, the requirements on the quality of the yarn such as wear resistance, strength and hairiness are higher, the yarn hairiness is more likely to cause needle breakage of knitting yarns around crochet hooks or unclear weaving opening so that the weft insertion efficiency is reduced, the yarn wear resistance and the strength are low, the broken end frequency of weaving warps is high, the weaving efficiency is low, and the quality of final products is poor; thirdly, although the traditional ring spinning has high cohesive force of finished yarn and wide range of spun yarn, the spinning is restricted by factors such as fiber length, rigidity, fiber number and the like, especially the fiber length is too short (the length is less than 20 mm), the internal and external transfer cohesive force of the fiber is insufficient in the yarn forming process, the strength of finished yarn is low, the broken ends of the spun yarn are frequent, and continuous spinning cannot be carried out.

In order to solve the problem of long process of the traditional ring spinning process, various free-end high-speed spinning technologies are developed. The vortex spinning is a new spinning method which utilizes a fixed vortex spinning tube to replace a spinning cup, a spinning spindle and a steel wire ring which rotate at a high speed for spinning. Because the eddy current replaces the mechanical twisting and coagulation without rotating machine parts, the method has the advantages of high speed, high yield, short process flow, high yield and the like. However, the air-jet vortex spinning is a spinning method in which the free end yarn tail is pushed by vortex to rotate and twist at high speed in a ring shape to form yarn, and belongs to a free end non-holding spinning method, so that the holding force on fibers in the spinning process is insufficient, the degree of transfer inside and outside the fibers is low, the degree of cohesion of the fibers is poor, the spinning strength is low, and therefore fibers with poor cohesion, short length, high rigidity and bending fluffiness cannot be spun into yarn by vortex. The friction spinning is a spinning method with short process flow, simple equipment, low speed and high yield, and the mechanical and air combination is used for adsorbing the condensed fiber, and the fiber is adsorbed and simultaneously the fiber strands are twisted into yarn by the friction force of the rotary dust cage friction roller. However, the friction spinning yarn is a layer-twisted wrapping structure yarn, internal and external transfer is lacked among fibers in the yarn, cohesion force among the fibers is poor, and strength of the finished yarn is low. Therefore, when the bending rigidity of the fiber is large and the length is too short, the dust cage twisting can not effectively turn, wind and twist into yarn, the friction spinning yarn forming difficulty is large, and the yarn forming quality is low. The raw material used by rotor spinning is fiber thick sliver, is different from roving used in ring spinning, can be directly fed into a rotor spinning machine for rotor spinning without multiple times of fine drafting and carding, and the rotor spinning twisting and winding are separately carried out, so that the spinning speed is not influenced by yarn packages, and the rotor spinning rotating speed is extremely high, therefore, the rotor spinning has the advantages of high spinning speed, large packages, low cost, low requirement on raw materials and the like. However, the mechanism of rotor spinning is that the fiber is lapped at the free end of a sliver, which easily causes that the control force of the fiber lapped at the outer layer of a yarn body is small in the spinning process, so that the rotor spinning has poor fiber holding forming control capability and is not suitable for fiber spinning with poor cohesion, short length, large rigidity and bending fluffiness. In conclusion, compared with the traditional ring spinning technology, the spinning speed is greatly improved by end spinning respectively, and the process is shortened by canceling a roving process; however, the free-end spinning still can not avoid the traditional procedures of carding, combing, drawing and the like, the flow is still longer, and the free-end spinning principle determines that the resultant yarn cohesive force is insufficient, the resultant yarn strength is low, the cohesive force is poor, the length is short, the rigidity is large, and the difficult-to-spin fiber with bending and fluffiness can not be continuously, effectively and high-quality free-end spinning.

In order to solve the technical problems that the fiber length is too short (the length is less than 20 mm) in the traditional ring spinning and free-end spinning processes, the internal and external transfer cohesive force of the fiber is insufficient in the yarn forming process, the yarn forming strength is low, the yarn breakage is frequent, and the continuous spinning cannot be carried out, a filament and short fiber composite yarn method is usually adopted. Chinese patent publication No. CN101492843B, published 5/12/2010, entitled an embedded system positioning spinning method, which is characterized in that two filaments are fed into a front roller at a certain interval, two strands are respectively fed into the front roller at a certain interval in a bilateral symmetry manner, the filaments at one side and the staple fiber strands at the side are formed and pre-wrapped firstly, and then the filaments and the pre-wrapped composite yarn strands at the other side are subjected to converging and twisting to form composite yarns with more complex structures; the yarn forming area of the embedded spinning is a yarn forming area with large symmetrical acute triangle shape formed by the filaments, and the two strands are fed into the yarn forming area with the acute triangle shape formed by the filaments, so that the filaments can effectively and automatically contact and capture-type winding on the short fiber strands, the spinnable fiber type and yarn number range is expanded, and the non-spinnable fiber strands can be smoothly ring spun into yarns. The invention discloses a vortex composite spinning method for producing fancy yarn, which is invented and named in China patent publication No. CN103215700B, 2016, 01, 06, and actually discloses a clamping type vortex spinning method for carrier filament and short fiber, which can effectively capture the short fiber, so that the short fiber can be effectively spun into a yarn body, and the vortex spinning of the difficult-to-spin short fiber strands can be smoothly carried out. Although the problem that the difficult-to-spin fiber cannot be spun into yarn can be solved to a certain extent, the technology is not adopted in a large area, and the key point is that the technology still adopts fiber strips or roving as corresponding process raw materials, and the difficult-to-spin raw materials such as ultra-short fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and the like are difficult to produce the fiber strips or the roving. Therefore, it is very difficult to directly prepare the raw materials difficult to spin such as ultrashort fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and the like into the cylindrical holding type linear body which is longitudinally and orderly arranged, so that the continuous linear body of the raw materials difficult to spin such as the ultrashort fibers, the high-rigidity brittle fibers, the high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, the powdery materials and the like is produced in a short flow, is used for a spinning system for efficiently clamping and embedding the fibers, and is the key for solving the problem of smooth spinning of the raw materials difficult to spin.

The non-woven fabric does not need spinning and weaving processes, only the fibers or filaments are directionally or randomly arranged to form a fiber web structure, and then the fiber web structure is reinforced by adopting methods such as mechanical, thermal bonding or chemical and the like to form the non-woven fabric; compared with the traditional textile processing that the yarns are interwoven and knitted together to form the fabric, the non-woven fabric is usually finished by a one-step method (for example, polypropylene granules are used as raw materials, and polypropylene non-woven fabric is produced by a continuous one-step method of high-temperature melting, spinning, line laying and hot-pressing coiling), breaks through the traditional textile principle, and has the advantages of short process flow, high production rate, high yield, low cost, wide application, multiple raw material sources and the like. According to different non-weaving key technical methods, the method mainly comprises the following steps: spunlacing, needle punching, melt blowing, spunbonding, hot rolling, stitch bonding, composite processes, and the like. The spunlace method is to spray high-pressure micro water flow onto one or more layers of fiber webs to entangle the fibers with each other, so that the fiber webs are reinforced to have certain strength, and the spunlace method is divided into two process routes according to different quality requirements of processed products: A. fiber raw material → opening and mixing → carding → lapping → drafting → prewetting (water treatment circulation) → forward and reverse spunlace (water treatment circulation) → after finishing → drying → winding; B. fiber raw material → opening and mixing → carded and disordered web → prewetting (water treatment circulation) → positive and negative hydroentangling (water treatment circulation) → after finishing → drying → winding. The process A has good adjustment on the longitudinal and transverse strength ratio of the fiber web, and is suitable for producing spunlace synthetic leather base cloth; the process B is suitable for producing the spunlace materials. Needle punching is a type of dry nonwoven forming, which utilizes the piercing action of needles to consolidate a lofty web into a fabric. The melt-blown method is one of the non-woven processes of the polymer extrusion method, the process of the method is originally to utilize high-speed hot air to draw polymer melt trickle extruded from spinneret orifices, thereby forming superfine fibers, condensing the superfine fibers on a condensing net curtain or a roller, and forming non-woven fabrics by self-adhesion, and the specific process comprises the following steps: polymer feeding, melt extrusion, fiber formation, fiber cooling, web forming and cloth reinforcement. The spun-bonded method is also a melt spinning web-forming method, belongs to a one-step method for forming non-woven fabric, and utilizes a chemical fiber spinning method, and uses quenching air to cool extruded melt filaments in the process of forming polymer spinning, so that the filaments are acted by drawing air flow in the cooling process to form continuous filaments, then forms a web on a coagulation net curtain, and lays the web on the net curtain, and then forms the non-woven fabric by the spun-bonded method after being processed by a consolidation device. In order to realize the composite performance of multi-component and various non-woven fabrics, a composite non-woven technology is often adopted, such as: SM, SMS, SMSMS, CS, CSC, etc. (S stands for spunbond nonwoven, M stands for meltblown nonwoven, C stands for spunbond nonwoven). With the continuous development of the application technology of fiber materials in various fields, nanofiber materials become a hot topic for research and functional application. The diameter of the nano fiber is in the range of 1nm-100nm, the nano fiber has the performance advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large length-diameter ratio, high surface energy and activity and the like, embodies excellent functions of reinforcement, antibiosis, water repellency, filtration and the like, and is applied to various fields of separation filtration, biological medical treatment, energy materials, polymer reinforcement, photoelectric sensing and the like. With the expansion and the demand of the application field of the nano-fiber, the forming preparation technology of the nano-fiber is further developed and innovated; up to now, methods for producing nanofibers mainly include chemical methods, phase separation methods, self-assembly methods, spinning methods, and the like. The spinning processing method is considered as the most promising method for preparing the high polymer nano-fiber in a large scale, and mainly comprises an electrostatic spinning method, a two-component composite spinning method, a melt-blowing method, a laser drawing method and the like. The laser ultrasonic stretching method is characterized in that the fiber is heated by laser irradiation, and simultaneously is stretched under the ultrasonic condition to generate a stretching ratio of about 105 times, so that the nano-fiber filament is prepared, and the method belongs to a conventional filament post-processing method; in addition, other nano-spinning processes are also directed to spinnerets, all in common: the diameter of the fiber reaches the nanometer scale by adopting the spinning synergistic drafting effect. The invention discloses a multi-responsiveness controllable filtration electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, which are disclosed by the intellectual property office 2016, 11/2016, and the patent application No. ZL201611005678.4, the application publication provides a method for forming a nanofiber membrane by placing a temperature-sensitive and PH-responsive polymer solution into an electrostatic spinning instrument and spraying and laying the solution by the electrostatic spinning instrument. The key problem of electrostatic spinning is that electrostatic spinning belongs to non-positive holding drawing spinning, a Taylor cone is formed in the spinning process of electrostatic jet, jet fibers are difficult to effectively draw at high power, the drawing is insufficient, so that the alignment orientation degree of macromolecules in the nanofibers is poor, the fineness of the nanofibers needs to be further refined, the strength is too low, and the size needs to be further refined; in addition, the spinning process of the Taylor cone-shaped state causes that the fibers obtained by electrostatic spinning can not be longitudinally laid in order, and the fibers are difficult to be linearly collected and gathered, so that the method is mainly used for producing nano-fiber membrane materials. The invention patent 'a coaxial centrifugal spinning device and method' disclosed in 2016, 08, 29 of the Chinese intellectual property office, and patent application No. ZL201610753443.7, discloses a centrifugal spinning method for realizing large-scale production of superfine fibers and even nano fibers by rotating a coaxial centrifugal tube at a high speed through arranging an inner layer needle and an outer layer needle on the coaxial centrifugal tube; the patent of invention patent 'titanium dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride micro/nano fiber membrane and centrifugal spinning preparation method thereof', which is disclosed by the intellectual property office 2016, 12, month and 14, patent application No. ZL201611154055.3, provides a method for preparing a micro-nano fiber membrane by mixing self-made anatase type TiO2 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare centrifugal spinning solution and carrying out centrifugal spinning on a centrifugal spinning machine. The key problem of centrifugal spinning is that spinning is carried out through high-speed rotation and centrifugal action, the jetted jet flow filamentation is correspondingly laid into filaments in a ring type, and the fibers are difficult to longitudinally and orderly arrange, linearly collect and gather together, and are mainly used for producing nano fiber membrane materials; in the centrifugal spinning process, the method also belongs to non-positive holding and drawing spinning, the drawing force of centrifugal jet flow is limited by factors such as rotating speed, air resistance and the like, so that the spinning drafting is insufficient, the macromolecule arrangement orientation degree in the nanofiber is poor due to insufficient drafting, the fineness of the nanofiber is required to be further refined, the strength is too low, and the size is required to be further refined. However, the diameter of the nanofiber is too small, so that the absolute strength of the nanofiber is too low and the nanofiber is easy to wear, the nanofiber coated on the surface of a fabric is easy to wear and fall off, and the durability of the function of a coated textile product is poor, so that the nanofiber can be only slightly lapped and processed into a nanofiber membrane, and conventional drafting and twisting cannot be carried out to form yarns, and the industrial application of the nanofiber is severely restricted. If the nano-fiber is processed into macroscopic structure, products such as various functional medical and functional clothes, industrial fabrics and the like can be produced by adopting modern textile means, the performance and value of the traditional textile products can be broken through, and the application prospect is wide. Therefore, insufficient drafting in the nano spinning production causes poor alignment degree of macromolecules in the nano fibers, the fineness of the nano fibers to be further refined, too low strength and scale to be further refined, and poor adhesion and durability, the nano fibers coated on the surface of a fabric are easy to wear and fall off and cannot be processed by conventional spinning, so that the nano fibers can only be processed into non-woven fabrics or nano films in textile industrial production, high-speed short-flow textile processing cannot be carried out, and the textile industrial application of the nano fibers is severely restricted. Therefore, the non-woven web forming or film forming process has very short process flow, and is particularly easy to prepare the non-woven raw materials such as various ultra-short fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and other non-woven raw materials into planar or sheet aggregates meeting the strength required by subsequent processing application, so that the products are endowed with higher strength, bulkiness, softness, air permeability and hydrophilicity. However, the nanofiber non-woven membrane and the conventional fineness fiber non-woven fabric have the following defects: 1) the strength and durability of the non-woven fabric are poor, the non-woven fabric cannot be compared with the traditional textile fabric, and the non-woven fabric cannot be used for replacing the traditional textile clothing product; 2) the fabric can not be cleaned like other fabrics and is difficult to be used for clothing fabrics; 3) the fibers are arranged in a certain direction and are easy to split from a right angle direction, and the like. Therefore, the method is characterized in that the planar or sheet aggregate of the non-woven membrane or the non-woven fabric is made of materials which are difficult to spin, such as ultra-weak materials (nano fibers and the like), ultra-short materials (short fibers), high-rigidity brittleness materials (carbon fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and the like), high-resilience ultra-fluffiness materials (down-like fibers), powder materials (fiber whiskers, carbon nano tubes, graphene, various nano microspheres and nano particles) and the like, and then the planar or sheet aggregate is quickly converted into the traditional textile, so that the strength and the durability of the textile are improved, meanwhile, the performances of fluffiness, air permeability, softness, antibiosis and the like of the non-woven membrane and the non-woven fabric are kept, and the method is a key for.

Aiming at the technical key, the Chinese patent publication No. CN202247124U, published as 2012, 05 and 30, invents a bidirectionally-coated non-woven fabric flat bar fancy yarn, which is a core yarn and two monofilament bidirectionally-coated core yarns, wherein the non-woven fabric flat bar is not twisted and cohered, only the outer layer is coated with filaments, is a fancy yarn essentially and has a structure different from that of the traditional twisted and cohered yarn; the invention provides a fluffy yarn made of non-woven fabric, which is a continuous flat pressing strip formed by longitudinally hot-pressing non-woven fabric, wherein the fibers of the pressing strip tend to be longitudinally arranged and are softened and bonded into a compact state by hot pressing, and fluffy fiber hairs which are not pressed are arranged on the two outer sides of the pressing strip. Obviously, although the yarns provided by the above two publications have a certain strong linear continuous characteristic, the yarn morphology structure is a flat strip state, lacks a fiber twisting cohesion type cylindrical structure, is different from the structure of a conventional textile yarn, is not suitable for yarn feeding and yarn guiding channels of conventional textile equipment, cannot be really integrated into conventional batch yarn weaving equipment and production processes, and does not solve the technical problem of how to spin and weave difficult-to-spin materials such as ultra-weak (nano fibers and the like), ultra-short (short fibers), high rigidity brittleness (carbon fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and the like), high resilience ultra-fluffiness (down fibers), powder (fiber whiskers, carbon nano tubes, graphene, various nano microspheres, nano particles) and the like, so that the ultra-short fibers are generally applied to the paper industry and the development of reinforcing fillers and flocking products of composite materials at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that a material difficult to spin is difficult to form yarns, the invention aims to provide a method for forming yarns by short-process double-twisting of fragile fibers with high rigidity. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:

a method for forming yarn by short-process double-twisting of high-rigidity brittle fiber comprises the following steps:

cutting A non-woven flexible surface material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven flexible surface material roll with the surface density of 50-300 g/square meter, which is made of a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material, on a cutting machine, cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 90-600 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll;

b fiber band double-twist finished yarn

The bobbin packages are respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin packages respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, the fiber strip positioned at the section from the tensioner to the jaw of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a traction acting force, the traction acting force pulls fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, under the combined action of inner magnetic steel and fixed magnetic steel arranged on the two-for-two twister, the yarn storage tank and the static disc are static, the flyer drives, the method comprises the steps of implementing a primary twisting action on a tensioned fiber strip between a flyer and a twisting disc, enabling fibers in the primary twisting action force three-dimensionally twisted fiber strip to be tightly cohered and increase cohesion among the fibers, converting the linear flaky fiber strip into linear cylindrical yarn, leading the linear cylindrical yarn out of a bobbin outlet of the twisting disc, receiving a secondary twisting action of a rotary twisting disc before entering a yarn drawing roller jaw, enabling the secondary twisting action force three-dimensionally twisted fibers in the yarn to further increase cohesion among the fibers in the yarn, finally forming the yarn with the fineness of 100-.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for double-twisting the high-rigidity brittle fibers into yarns in a short process has the advantages that: the invention rolls a non-woven flexible surface material with the surface density of 50-300 g/square meter, which is prepared from a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material, and places the non-woven flexible surface material on a cutting machine, cuts the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 90-600 g/kilometer, skillfully utilizes the characteristics of the non-woven flexible surface material formed by the easy random laying and felting of the high-rigidity brittle fiber, quickly prepares a flexible prepolymer of the strip-shaped high-rigidity brittle fiber, breaks the technical bottleneck that the ultra-short fiber is difficult to be carded and collected into strips by the traditional carding, prepares for directly twisting the non-woven fiber strips into yarns, omits a series of processes of multiple drafting and drawing before the traditional spinning, drafting and twisting the drawn strips into roving during the traditional spinning, and greatly shortens the fiber strip making process during the traditional spinning. The yarn drawing roller jaw and the tensioner of the two-for-one twister are adopted to draw the fiber strip from the tensioner to the yarn drawing roller jaw section together, the drawing acting force draws the fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, and the form that the high-rigidity brittle fibers in the fiber strip are excessively scattered and randomly distributed is changed; the twisting disc of the two-for-one twister is adopted to rotate the fiber strips from the tensioner to the jaw section of the yarn drawing roller for one time to apply two-for-one twisting, the twisting acting force is used for twisting the fibers in the fiber strips in a three-dimensional twisting manner to tightly embrace and increase the cohesion among the fibers, the linear flaky fiber strips are converted into linear cylindrical yarns, the form that the short fibers in the fiber strips are too loose and randomly distributed is changed, the technical problems that the cohesion tightness of high-rigidity fragile fibers in untwisted flat strips or flat yarns is low, the non-cylindrical fibers are difficult to adapt to the textile processing requirements and the like are solved, the yarns are processed by high-efficiency two-for-one twisting, the working procedures of winding and drafting, spinning and twisting into cop, processing the cop into cheese and the like in the traditional spinning are omitted, and the yarn forming process is further effectively shortened. The method adopts two steps of cutting the non-woven flexible surface material of the high-rigidity brittle non-spinnable fiber into fiber strips and twisting the fiber strips into yarn, realizes short-process yarn formation of the high-rigidity brittle fiber, solves the technical problem of yarn formation of the high-rigidity brittle fiber, and provides a quick and effective method for preparing high-function high-quality yarn and garment fabric from the high-rigidity brittle fiber. The method has the advantages of obvious yarn forming advantages, short flow and easy large-area popularization and application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a short run two-for-one twist yarn of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The method for forming yarn by short-process double-twisting brittle fiber with high rigidity according to the invention is further described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

See the attached drawings.

A method for forming yarn by short-process double-twisting of high-rigidity brittle fiber comprises the following steps:

cutting A non-woven flexible surface material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven flexible surface material roll with the surface density of 50-300 g/square meter, which is made of a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material, on a cutting machine, cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 90-600 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll; the method skillfully utilizes the characteristics of the non-woven flexible surface material formed by the high-rigidity brittle fiber through easy random laying and felting, the non-woven flexible surface material of the high-rigidity brittle fiber is directly, accurately and uniformly cut into fiber strips, the strip-shaped flexible prepolymer of the high-rigidity brittle fiber is quickly prepared, the technical bottleneck that the high-rigidity brittle fiber is difficult to be carded and collected into strips in the traditional way is broken, the preparation is prepared for directly twisting the difficult-to-spin fiber strips into yarns, a series of processes of drawing and drawing the difficult-to-spin fiber strips for multiple times, drawing and twisting the drawn strips into rough yarns in the traditional spinning are omitted, and the fiber strip making process in the traditional spinning is greatly shortened.

B fiber band double-twist finished yarn

The bobbin packages are respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin packages respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, the fiber strip positioned at the section from the tensioner to the jaw of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a traction acting force, the traction acting force pulls fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, the over-scattering and random distribution form of high-rigidity brittle fibers in the fiber strip is changed, and the yarn storage tank and a static disc are static under the combined, the spindle belt drives the twisting disc of the two-for-one twister to rotate at the rotating speed of 3000-, The yarn guide traversing device and the grooved drum are finally wound on the bobbin, so that the yarn is efficiently processed by double twisting, the procedures of drawing the spun yarn, twisting the spun yarn into the cop and winding the cop into the cheese in the traditional spinning process are omitted, and the yarn forming process is further effectively shortened.

The following is a further detailed description of the present invention in connection with the short-flow yarn-forming process of high-stiffness brittle fibers of different materials.

Example 1 short run yarn formation with high stiffness brittle carbon fibers

The carbon fiber has large elastic modulus, large friction coefficient and high brittleness, so that the surface of the carbon fiber is rough, the carbon fiber is easy to bend and break, and the carbon fiber is difficult to be directly twisted and bent into yarn by adopting a conventional twisting mode; therefore, when the carbon fiber section is formed, the carbon fiber avoids large torsion bending, and the carbon fiber section is easy to be processed into flexible felt, belt, paper and other sections. In addition, in the traditional use, the carbon fiber is not used independently except for being used as a heat insulation material, and is often used as a reinforcing material to be added into materials such as resin, metal, ceramic, concrete and the like to form a composite material. The carbon fiber reinforced composite material can be used as structural materials of airplanes, electromagnetic shielding electricity removing materials, artificial ligaments and other body substitute materials, and can be used for manufacturing rocket shells, motor boats, industrial robots, automobile leaf springs, driving shafts and the like. In order to solve the technical problem that carbon fibers are difficult to be directly twisted and bent into yarns, firstly, carbon fibers which are cut into a certain length are made into a carbon fiber thin felt through a new dry (wet) forming process, the thin felt has the characteristics of uniform fiber distribution, smooth surface, high air permeability and strong adsorbability, and then the thin felt is wound on a paper tube to be made into a non-woven flexible surface material package with the surface density of 50 g/square meter; then the invention is adopted to carry out short-process yarn formation, and the specific steps are as follows:

cutting A non-woven flexible surface material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven flexible surface material roll with the surface density of 50 g/square meter, which is made of a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material, on a cutting machine, cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 90 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll; the method skillfully utilizes the characteristics of non-woven flexible surface material formed by easy random laying and felting of carbon fibers, directly and accurately cuts the non-woven flexible surface material of the carbon fibers into fiber strips, quickly prepares the flexible prepolymer of the strip-shaped carbon fibers, breaks the technical bottleneck that the carbon fibers are difficult to be carded and collected into strips traditionally, prepares for directly twisting the difficult-to-spin fiber strips into yarns, removes a series of processes of multiple drafting and drawing in the front spinning and drawing in the drawn and twisted strips to form rough yarns in the traditional spinning, and greatly shortens the fiber strip making process in the traditional spinning.

B fiber band double-twist finished yarn

The bobbin packages are respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin packages respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, the fiber strip positioned at the section from the tensioner to the jaw of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a traction acting force, the traction acting force pulls fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, the state that carbon fibers in the fiber strip are scattered and randomly distributed is changed, the yarn storage tank and a static disc are static under the combined action of internal magnetic steel and fixed magnetic steel arranged on the two-for, the tensioned fiber strip between the flyer and the twisting disc is twisted for the first time, the fiber inside the fiber strip is twisted for the first time, the primary twisting acting force is used for tightly holding and increasing the holding among the fibers, the linear sheet fiber strip is converted into linear cylindrical yarn, the technical problems that the holding tightness of high-rigidity fragile carbon fiber in a flat untwisted strip or flat yarn is small, the non-cylindrical yarn is difficult to adapt to the textile processing requirement and the like are solved, the linear cylindrical yarn is led out from the outlet of a yarn outlet tube of the twisting disc and is subjected to the secondary twisting action of a rotary twisting disc before entering a jaw of a yarn leading roller, the fiber inside the yarn is twisted for the second time, the holding among the fibers in the yarn is further increased, the yarn with the fineness of 100 tex is finally formed, the formed yarn sequentially passes through a yarn guide hook, a yarn guide device and a grooved drum and is finally wound on a bobbin, the yarn is efficiently processed by two-time, and the procedures of drafting spun yarn, twisting spun yarn into cop yarn, and then winding the cop yarn into cone yarn and the like of the traditional spinning are omitted, and the yarn forming process is further effectively shortened.

Example 2 short run yarn formation with high stiffness brittle glass fibers

The glass fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance, has various varieties, has the advantages of good insulativity, strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength, but has the defects of brittleness and poor wear resistance. Therefore, the glass fiber is twisted directly into yarn which is easy to be brittle and broken, and is generally used for manufacturing untwisted yarn and glass felt. The method comprises the steps of cutting glass fiber roving into 50mm pieces, randomly laying the glass fiber roving pieces on a substrate which is placed on a conveyor belt in advance, then needling the glass fiber roving pieces by using barbed needles, wherein the short fibers are needled into the substrate by using the barbed needles, and the barbed needles take some fibers upwards to form a three-dimensional structure, so that the short glass fiber needled felt is formed. The substrate can be glass fiber or other fiber thin fabric, the needle felt has fluffy feeling, and the main application of the needle felt comprises heat and sound insulation materials, heat lining materials and filtering materials. Winding the needled glass fiber felt on a paper tube to prepare a non-woven flexible surface material roll with the surface density of 300 g/square meter; then the invention is adopted to carry out short-process yarn formation, and the specific steps are as follows:

cutting A non-woven flexible surface material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven flexible surface material roll with the surface density of 300 g/square meter, which is made of a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material, on a cutting machine, cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 600 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll; the method skillfully utilizes the characteristics of the non-woven flexible surface material formed by the easy random laying and felting of the glass fiber, directly, accurately and uniformly cuts the non-woven flexible surface material of the glass fiber into fiber strips, quickly prepares the flexible prepolymer of the strip-shaped glass fiber, breaks the technical bottleneck that the glass fiber is difficult to be carded and collected into strips in the traditional way, prepares for directly twisting the difficult-to-spin fiber strips into yarn, removes a series of processes of multiple drafting and drawing of the traditional spinning front spinning, drafting and twisting of drawn strips into roving and the like, and greatly shortens the fiber strip making process in the traditional spinning.

B fiber band double-twist finished yarn

The bobbin packages are respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin packages respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, the fiber strip positioned at the section from the tensioner to the jaw of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a traction acting force, the traction acting force pulls fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, the state that carbon fibers in the fiber strip are scattered and randomly distributed is changed, the yarn storage tank and a static disc are static under the combined action of internal magnetic steel and fixed magnetic steel arranged on a two-for, the tensioned fiber strip between the flyer and the twisting disc is twisted for the first time, the fiber inside the fiber strip is twisted for the first time, the primary twisting acting force is used for tightly holding and increasing the holding among the fibers, the linear sheet fiber strip is converted into linear cylindrical yarn, the technical problems that the holding tightness of high-rigidity fragile carbon fiber in a flat untwisted strip or flat yarn is small, the non-cylindrical yarn is difficult to adapt to the textile processing requirement and the like are solved, the linear cylindrical yarn is led out from the outlet of a yarn outlet tube of the twisting disc and is subjected to the secondary twisting action of a rotary twisting disc before entering a jaw of a yarn leading roller, the fiber inside the yarn is twisted for the second time, the holding among the fibers in the yarn is further increased, the yarn with the fineness of 620 tex is finally formed, the formed yarn sequentially passes through a yarn guide hook, a yarn guide device and a grooved drum and is finally wound on a bobbin, the yarn is efficiently processed by two-time, and the procedures of drafting spun yarn, twisting spun yarn into cop yarn, and then winding the cop yarn into cone yarn and the like of the traditional spinning are omitted, and the yarn forming process is further effectively shortened.

Claims (1)

1. A method for forming yarn by short-process double-twisting fragile fibers with high rigidity is characterized by comprising the following steps:

cutting A non-woven flexible surface material into fiber strips

Preparing a high-rigidity brittle fiber raw material into a fiber felt, winding the fiber felt on a paper tube to prepare a non-woven flexible surface material package with the surface density of 50-300 g/square meter, placing the non-woven flexible surface material package on a cutting machine, cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips with the linear density of 90-600 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin package;

b fiber band double-twist finished yarn

The bobbin packages are respectively arranged in a yarn storage tank of a two-for-one twister, each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin packages respectively passes through a flyer of the two-for-one twister, enters a hollow shaft of a hollow spindle of the two-for-one twister, sequentially passes through a tensioner in the hollow shaft and a yarn inlet pipe in a positioning sleeve of the two-for-one twister, is led out from a yarn outlet pipe of a twisting disc of the two-for-one twister, passes through a yarn guide ring and enters a jaw of a yarn guide roller, under the combined action of the jaw of the yarn guide roller and the tensioner, the fiber strip positioned at the section from the tensioner to the jaw of the yarn guide roller is subjected to a traction acting force, the traction acting force pulls fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increases the fiber orientation, under the combined action of inner magnetic steel and fixed magnetic steel arranged on the two-for-two twister, the yarn storage tank and the static disc are static, the flyer drives, the method comprises the steps of implementing a primary twisting action on a tensioned fiber strip between a flyer and a twisting disc, enabling fibers in the primary twisting action force three-dimensionally twisted fiber strip to be tightly cohered and increase cohesion among the fibers, converting the linear flaky fiber strip into linear cylindrical yarn, leading the linear cylindrical yarn out of a bobbin outlet of the twisting disc, receiving a secondary twisting action of a rotary twisting disc before entering a yarn drawing roller jaw, enabling the secondary twisting action force three-dimensionally twisted fibers in the yarn to further increase cohesion among the fibers in the yarn, finally forming the yarn with the fineness of 100-.

Images