CN108286098B - Method for compounding yarns by using ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers in short process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for compounding yarns by ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers in a short process, belonging to the technical field of spinning. The invention utilizes the characteristic that ultra-short fiber is easy to be made into non-woven surface material, adopts a non-woven surface material roll made of ultra-short fiber raw material to be arranged on a splitting machine, the non-woven surface material is split into fiber strips, strip ultra-short fiber prepolymer is quickly made, and then a ring twisting machine is adopted to compound, twist and wind the strip ultra-short fiber prepolymer and filament and directly and continuously convert the strip ultra-short fiber prepolymer and filament into linear cylindrical composite yarn. The method has short process flow and is easy to popularize.

Description

Method for compounding yarns by using ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers in short process

Technical Field

The invention relates to a short-flow composite yarn forming method for ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers, and belongs to the technical field of spinning.

Background

Textile fabrics for garments can be divided into three main categories: woven (tatted), knitted and non-woven fabrics. The woven and knitted fabrics are made of yarns or filaments by a weaving process; nonwoven fabrics (also known as nonwovens) are made by bonding, fusing or other mechanical and chemical processes to textile fibers. The woven fabric is a fabric formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns vertically, and common weaves include plain weaves, twill weaves, satin weaves and weaves formed by the three basic weaves and the intersection change of the three basic weaves. The knitted fabric is formed by forming loops by yarns or filaments and then mutually stringing and sleeving the loops, and most of the knitted fabric has good elasticity due to the structural characteristics of the loops and large yarn storage amount in unit length. Machine weaving and knitting all belong to traditional textile processing category, and traditional weaving adopts and spins earlier, weaves the process after, and specific machine weaving step is: loose fiber opening and impurity removal, mixing, carding, combing, primary drawing, secondary drawing, roving, spinning, spooling, warping, slashing, tying warp, weft preparation and weaving; the specific weft knitting steps are as follows: loose fiber opening and impurity removing, mixing, carding, combing, primary drawing, secondary drawing, roving, spinning, spooling, heat setting and weft knitting. In traditional textile processing, there are three major technical problems: firstly, the traditional ring spinning method has the advantages that the process steps, the process flow and the labor are more, the time consumption is more, the cost is high, and the high-efficiency, high-quality and short-process spinning is the basis for shortening the spinning process; secondly, weaving preparation and weaving process flows after the spinning and spinning process are longer, the running speed is high, the requirements on the quality of the yarn such as wear resistance, strength and hairiness are higher, the yarn hairiness is more likely to cause needle breakage of knitting yarns around crochet hooks or unclear weaving opening so that the weft insertion efficiency is reduced, the yarn wear resistance and the strength are low, the broken end frequency of weaving warps is high, the weaving efficiency is low, and the quality of final products is poor; thirdly, although the traditional ring spinning has high cohesive force of finished yarn and wide range of spun yarn, the spinning is restricted by factors such as fiber length, rigidity, fiber number and the like, especially the fiber length is too short (the length is less than 20 mm), the internal and external transfer cohesive force of the fiber is insufficient in the yarn forming process, the strength of finished yarn is low, the broken ends of the spun yarn are frequent, and continuous spinning cannot be carried out.

In order to solve the problem of long process of the traditional ring spinning process, various free-end high-speed spinning technologies are developed. The vortex spinning is a new spinning method which utilizes a fixed vortex spinning tube to replace a spinning cup, a spinning spindle and a steel wire ring which rotate at a high speed for spinning. Because the eddy current replaces the mechanical twisting and coagulation without rotating machine parts, the method has the advantages of high speed, high yield, short process flow, high yield and the like. However, the air-jet vortex spinning is a spinning method in which the free end yarn tail is pushed by vortex to rotate and twist at high speed in a ring shape to form yarn, and belongs to a free end non-holding spinning method, so that the holding force on fibers in the spinning process is insufficient, the degree of transfer inside and outside the fibers is low, the degree of cohesion of the fibers is poor, the spinning strength is low, and therefore fibers with poor cohesion, short length, high rigidity and bending fluffiness cannot be spun into yarn by vortex. The friction spinning is a spinning method with short process flow, simple equipment, low speed and high yield, and the mechanical and air combination is used for adsorbing the condensed fiber, and the fiber is adsorbed and simultaneously the fiber strands are twisted into yarn by the friction force of the rotary dust cage friction roller. However, the friction spinning yarn is a layer-twisted wrapping structure yarn, internal and external transfer is lacked among fibers in the yarn, cohesion force among the fibers is poor, and strength of the finished yarn is low. Therefore, when the bending rigidity of the fiber is large and the length is too short, the dust cage twisting can not effectively turn, wind and twist into yarn, the friction spinning yarn forming difficulty is large, and the yarn forming quality is low. The raw material used by rotor spinning is fiber thick sliver, is different from roving used in ring spinning, can be directly fed into a rotor spinning machine for rotor spinning without multiple times of fine drafting and carding, and the rotor spinning twisting and winding are separately carried out, so that the spinning speed is not influenced by yarn packages, and the rotor spinning rotating speed is extremely high, therefore, the rotor spinning has the advantages of high spinning speed, large packages, low cost, low requirement on raw materials and the like. However, the mechanism of rotor spinning is that the fiber is lapped at the free end of a sliver, which easily causes that the control force of the fiber lapped at the outer layer of a yarn body is small in the spinning process, so that the rotor spinning has poor fiber holding forming control capability and is not suitable for fiber spinning with poor cohesion, short length, large rigidity and bending fluffiness. In conclusion, compared with the traditional ring spinning technology, the spinning speed is greatly improved by end spinning respectively, and the process is shortened by canceling a roving process; however, the free-end spinning still can not avoid the traditional procedures of carding, combing, drawing and the like, the flow is still longer, and the free-end spinning principle determines that the resultant yarn cohesive force is insufficient, the resultant yarn strength is low, the cohesive force is poor, the length is short, the rigidity is large, and the difficult-to-spin fiber with bending and fluffiness can not be continuously, effectively and high-quality free-end spinning.

In order to solve the technical problems that the fiber length is too short (the length is less than 20 mm) in the traditional ring spinning and free-end spinning processes, the internal and external transfer cohesive force of the fiber is insufficient in the yarn forming process, the yarn forming strength is low, the yarn breakage is frequent, and the continuous spinning cannot be carried out, a filament and short fiber composite yarn method is usually adopted. Chinese patent publication No. CN101492843B, published 5/12/2010, entitled an embedded system positioning spinning method, which is characterized in that two filaments are fed into a front roller at a certain interval, two strands are respectively fed into the front roller at a certain interval in a bilateral symmetry manner, the filaments at one side and the staple fiber strands at the side are formed and pre-wrapped firstly, and then the filaments and the pre-wrapped composite yarn strands at the other side are subjected to converging and twisting to form composite yarns with more complex structures; the yarn forming area of the embedded spinning is a yarn forming area with large symmetrical acute triangle shape formed by the filaments, and the two strands are fed into the yarn forming area with the acute triangle shape formed by the filaments, so that the filaments can effectively and automatically contact and capture-type winding on the short fiber strands, the spinnable fiber type and yarn number range is expanded, and the non-spinnable fiber strands can be smoothly ring spun into yarns. The invention discloses a vortex composite spinning method for producing fancy yarn, which is invented and named in China patent publication No. CN103215700B, 2016, 01, 06, and actually discloses a clamping type vortex spinning method for carrier filament and short fiber, which can effectively capture the short fiber, so that the short fiber can be effectively spun into a yarn body, and the vortex spinning of the difficult-to-spin short fiber strands can be smoothly carried out. Although the problem that the difficult-to-spin fiber cannot be spun into yarn can be solved to a certain extent, the technology is not adopted in a large area, and the key point is that the technology still adopts fiber strips or roving as corresponding process raw materials, and the difficult-to-spin raw materials such as ultra-short fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and the like are difficult to produce the fiber strips or the roving. Therefore, it is very difficult to directly prepare the raw materials difficult to spin such as ultrashort fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and the like into the cylindrical holding type linear body which is longitudinally and orderly arranged, so that the continuous linear body of the raw materials difficult to spin such as the ultrashort fibers, the high-rigidity brittle fibers, the high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, the powdery materials and the like is produced in a short flow, is used for a spinning system for efficiently clamping and embedding the fibers, and is the key for solving the problem of smooth spinning of the raw materials difficult to spin.

The non-woven fabric does not need spinning and weaving processes, only the fibers or filaments are directionally or randomly arranged to form a fiber web structure, and then the fiber web structure is reinforced by adopting methods such as mechanical, thermal bonding or chemical and the like to form the non-woven fabric; conventional weaving with individual yarns interwoven and knitted together to form a fabricCompared with the processing method, the non-woven fabric is usually finished by a one-step method (for example, the polypropylene non-woven fabric is produced by taking polypropylene granules as raw materials and carrying out a continuous one-step method of high-temperature melting, spinning, line laying and hot-pressing coiling), breaks through the traditional spinning principle, and has the advantages of short process flow, high production rate, high yield, low cost, wide application, multiple raw material sources and the like. According to different non-weaving key technical methods, the method mainly comprises the following steps: spunlacing, needle punching, melt blowing, spunbonding, hot rolling, stitch bonding, composite processes, and the like. The spunlace method is to spray high-pressure micro water flow onto one or more layers of fiber webs to entangle the fibers with each other, so that the fiber webs are reinforced to have certain strength, and the spunlace method is divided into two process routes according to different quality requirements of processed products: A. fiber raw material → opening and mixing → carding → lapping → drafting → prewetting (water treatment circulation) → forward and reverse spunlace (water treatment circulation) → after finishing → drying → winding; B. fiber raw material → opening and mixing → carded and disordered web → prewetting (water treatment circulation) → positive and negative hydroentangling (water treatment circulation) → after finishing → drying → winding. The process A has good adjustment on the longitudinal and transverse strength ratio of the fiber web, and is suitable for producing spunlace synthetic leather base cloth; the process B is suitable for producing the spunlace materials. Needle punching is a type of dry nonwoven forming, which utilizes the piercing action of needles to consolidate a lofty web into a fabric. The melt-blown method is one of the non-woven processes of the polymer extrusion method, the process of the method is originally to utilize high-speed hot air to draw polymer melt trickle extruded from spinneret orifices, thereby forming superfine fibers, condensing the superfine fibers on a condensing net curtain or a roller, and forming non-woven fabrics by self-adhesion, and the specific process comprises the following steps: polymer feeding, melt extrusion, fiber formation, fiber cooling, web forming and cloth reinforcement. The spun-bonded method is also a melt spinning web-forming method, belongs to a one-step method for forming non-woven fabric, and utilizes a chemical fiber spinning method, and uses quenching air to cool extruded melt filaments in the process of forming polymer spinning, so that the filaments are acted by drawing air flow in the cooling process to form continuous filaments, then forms a web on a coagulation net curtain, and lays the web on the net curtain, and then forms the non-woven fabric by the spun-bonded method after being processed by a consolidation device. To achieve the composite properties of multi-component and various non-woven fabricsAdopting a composite non-woven technology, such as: SM, SMS, SMSMS, CS, CSC, etc. (S stands for spunbond nonwoven, M stands for meltblown nonwoven, C stands for spunbond nonwoven). With the continuous development of the application technology of fiber materials in various fields, nanofiber materials become a hot topic for research and functional application. The diameter of the nano fiber is in the range of 1nm-100nm, the nano fiber has the performance advantages of high porosity, large specific surface area, large length-diameter ratio, high surface energy and activity and the like, embodies excellent functions of reinforcement, antibiosis, water repellency, filtration and the like, and is applied to various fields of separation filtration, biological medical treatment, energy materials, polymer reinforcement, photoelectric sensing and the like. With the expansion and the demand of the application field of the nano-fiber, the forming preparation technology of the nano-fiber is further developed and innovated; up to now, methods for producing nanofibers mainly include chemical methods, phase separation methods, self-assembly methods, spinning methods, and the like. The spinning processing method is considered as the most promising method for preparing the high polymer nano-fiber in a large scale, and mainly comprises an electrostatic spinning method, a two-component composite spinning method, a melt-blowing method, a laser drawing method and the like. The laser ultrasonic stretching method is characterized in that the fiber is heated by laser irradiation, and simultaneously is stretched under the ultrasonic condition to generate a stretching ratio of about 105 times, so that the nano-fiber filament is prepared, and the method belongs to a conventional filament post-processing method; in addition, other nano-spinning processes are also directed to spinnerets, all in common: the diameter of the fiber reaches the nanometer scale by adopting the spinning synergistic drafting effect. The invention discloses a multi-responsiveness controllable filtration electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, which are disclosed by the intellectual property office 2016, 11/2016, and the patent application No. ZL201611005678.4, the application publication provides a method for forming a nanofiber membrane by placing a temperature-sensitive and PH-responsive polymer solution into an electrostatic spinning instrument and spraying and laying the solution by the electrostatic spinning instrument. The key problems of electrostatic spinning are that electrostatic spinning belongs to non-positive holding drawing spinning, a Taylor cone is formed in the spinning process of electrostatic jet, jet fibers are difficult to effectively draw at high power, the drawing is insufficient, so that the alignment orientation degree of macromolecules in the nanofibers is poor, the fineness of the nanofibers needs to be further refined, the strength is too low, and the size needs to be further increasedStep refining; in addition, the spinning process of the Taylor cone-shaped state causes that the fibers obtained by electrostatic spinning can not be longitudinally laid in order, and the fibers are difficult to be linearly collected and gathered, so that the method is mainly used for producing nano-fiber membrane materials. The invention patent 'a coaxial centrifugal spinning device and method' disclosed in 2016, 08, 29 of the Chinese intellectual property office, and patent application No. ZL201610753443.7, discloses a centrifugal spinning method for realizing large-scale production of superfine fibers and even nano fibers by rotating a coaxial centrifugal tube at a high speed through arranging an inner layer needle and an outer layer needle on the coaxial centrifugal tube; the invention discloses a titanium dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride micro/nano fiber membrane and a centrifugal spinning preparation method thereof, which are disclosed by the patent application number ZL201611154055.3 of the Chinese intellectual property office 2016, 12, month and 14, and provides a method for preparing self-made anatase TiO₂And (3) carrying out centrifugal spinning on a centrifugal spinning machine by using a centrifugal spinning solution prepared by mixing the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the spinning solution to prepare the micro-nano fiber membrane. The key problem of centrifugal spinning is that spinning is carried out through high-speed rotation and centrifugal action, the jetted jet flow filamentation is correspondingly laid into filaments in a ring type, and the fibers are difficult to longitudinally and orderly arrange, linearly collect and gather together, and are mainly used for producing nano fiber membrane materials; in the centrifugal spinning process, the method also belongs to non-positive holding and drawing spinning, the drawing force of centrifugal jet flow is limited by factors such as rotating speed, air resistance and the like, so that the spinning drafting is insufficient, the macromolecule arrangement orientation degree in the nanofiber is poor due to insufficient drafting, the fineness of the nanofiber is required to be further refined, the strength is too low, and the size is required to be further refined. However, the diameter of the nanofiber is too small, so that the absolute strength of the nanofiber is too low and the nanofiber is easy to wear, the nanofiber coated on the surface of a fabric is easy to wear and fall off, and the durability of the function of a coated textile product is poor, so that the nanofiber can be only slightly lapped and processed into a nanofiber membrane, and conventional drafting and twisting cannot be carried out to form yarns, and the industrial application of the nanofiber is severely restricted. If the nano-fiber is processed into macroscopic structure, products such as various functional medical and functional clothes, industrial fabrics and the like can be produced by adopting modern textile means, the performance and value of the traditional textile products can be broken through, and the application prospect is wide. Therefore, the draft is insufficient in the production of the nano-spinningThe alignment degree of macromolecules in the nano fibers is poor, the fineness of the nano fibers needs to be further refined, the strength is too low, the size needs to be further refined, the adhesion and the durability are poor, the nano fibers coated on the surface of a fabric are easy to wear and fall off, and the conventional spinning processing cannot be carried out, so that the nano fibers can only be processed into non-woven fabrics or nano films in textile industrial production, the high-speed short-flow textile processing cannot be carried out, and the textile industrial application of the nano fibers is severely restricted. Therefore, the non-woven web forming or film forming process has very short process flow, and is particularly easy to prepare the non-woven raw materials such as various ultra-short fibers, high-rigidity brittle fibers, high-resilience ultra-fluffy fibers, powdery materials and other non-woven raw materials into planar or sheet aggregates meeting the strength required by subsequent processing application, so that the products are endowed with higher strength, bulkiness, softness, air permeability and hydrophilicity. However, the nanofiber non-woven membrane and the conventional fineness fiber non-woven fabric have the following defects: 1) the strength and durability of the non-woven fabric are poor, the non-woven fabric cannot be compared with the traditional textile fabric, and the non-woven fabric cannot be used for replacing the traditional textile clothing product; 2) the fabric can not be cleaned like other fabrics and is difficult to be used for clothing fabrics; 3) the fibers are arranged in a certain direction and are easy to split from a right angle direction, and the like. Therefore, the method is characterized in that the non-woven membrane or non-woven fabric planar or sheet aggregate is made of the non-woven membrane or non-woven fabric and other non-woven materials with ultra-weak (nano fibers and the like), ultra-short (short fibers), high rigidity and brittleness (carbon fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and the like), high resilience and ultra-fluffiness (down feather), powder (fiber whiskers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, various nano microspheres and nano particles), and the like, and then the planar or sheet aggregate is quickly converted into the traditional textile, so that the strength and the durability of the textile are improved, and meanwhile, the performances of fluffiness, air permeability, softness, antibiosis and the like of the non-woven membrane or non-woven fabric are kept, so that the method is a key for.

Aiming at the technical key, the Chinese patent publication No. CN202247124U, published as 2012, 05 and 30, invents a bidirectionally-coated non-woven fabric flat bar fancy yarn, which is a core yarn and two monofilament bidirectionally-coated core yarns, wherein the non-woven fabric flat bar is not twisted and cohered, only the outer layer is coated with filaments, is a fancy yarn essentially and has a structure different from that of the traditional twisted and cohered yarn; the invention provides a fluffy yarn made of non-woven fabric, which is a continuous flat pressing strip formed by longitudinally hot-pressing non-woven fabric, wherein the fibers of the pressing strip tend to be longitudinally arranged and are softened and bonded into a compact state by hot pressing, and fluffy fiber hairs which are not pressed are arranged on the two outer sides of the pressing strip. Obviously, although the yarns provided by the above two publications have a certain strong linear continuous characteristic, the yarn morphology structure is a flat strip state, lacks a fiber twisting cohesion type cylindrical structure, is different from the structure of a conventional textile yarn, is not suitable for yarn feeding and yarn guiding channels of conventional textile equipment, cannot be really integrated into conventional batch yarn weaving equipment and production processes, and does not solve the technical problem of how to spin and weave difficult-to-spin materials such as ultra-weak (nano fibers and the like), ultra-short (short fibers), high rigidity brittleness (carbon fibers, glass fibers, quartz fibers and the like), high resilience ultra-fluffiness (down feather), powder (fiber whiskers, carbon nano tubes, graphene, various nano microspheres, nano particles) and the like, so that the ultra-short fibers are generally applied to the paper industry, reinforced fillers of composite materials and development of flocking products at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem that ultra-short fiber raw materials are difficult to form yarns, the invention aims to provide a short-process composite yarn method for ultra-short difficult-to-spin fibers. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:

a method for compounding yarns by ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers in a short process comprises the following steps:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5-30 g/square meter made of ultra-short difficult-to-spin fiber raw materials on a splitting machine, splitting the non-woven surface material into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 5-120 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll;

twisting the B fiber strip and filament composite ring spindle into yarn

Respectively placing a bobbin package and a filament package on a bobbin supporting frame of a ring twisting machine, respectively feeding at least 1 fiber strip unwound from the bobbin package to a front roller jaw formed by meshing a front roller and an upper pressing roller of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, respectively feeding at least 1 filament unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, converging with the fiber strip at the front roller jaw, outputting the converged filament and the fiber strip from the front roller jaw at an output linear speed of 10-25 m/min, subjecting the output filament and the fiber strip to ring twisting and winding, wherein the spindle speed during ring twisting and winding is 4000-7000 r/min, and the ring twisting acting force is used for three-dimensionally twisting ultra-short fibers and filaments inside the fiber strip to increase cohesion among ultra-short fibers and filaments, the ring spindle winding acting force pulls the fibers in the fiber strips to extend along the length direction of the strips and increase the fiber orientation, the linear flaky fiber strips are directly converted into linear cylindrical filament composite yarns with the fineness of 7.2-210 tex, and the formed filament composite yarns are finally wound on the yarn tube through the yarn guide hooks and the steel collar steel wire rings.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for compounding the ultra-short difficult-to-spin fiber into the yarn in the short process has the advantages that: the invention relates to a method for preparing super-short non-woven fabric roll, which comprises that arranging a non-woven fabric roll made of super-short difficult-to-spin fiber raw material on a splitting machine, splitting the non-woven fabric into fiber strips with the linear density of 5-200 g/km, skillfully utilizing the characteristic that super-short fiber can be randomly interpenetrated and bonded to form high-strength fabric, directly and accurately cutting the non-woven fabric of super-short fiber into target fixed-weight fiber strips, simply and quickly preparing a strip-shaped super-short fiber prepolymer, providing sufficient raw material intermediate forming guarantee for the quick twisting of difficult-to-spin fiber into yarn, avoiding a series of processes of traditional spinning such as multiple drafting and drawing of pre-spinning and drafting and twisting of cooked strips to prepare roving, greatly shortening the traditional spinning flow, and breaking the defects that when super-short fiber is carded into web, the cohesive force between fibers which are longitudinally and orderly arranged is too weak, collecting the technical bottleneck of extremely difficult stretching into strips; and then the ring twisting and winding action of a ring twisting machine is adopted, ultrashort fibers and filaments in the fiber strip are twisted three-dimensionally, the cohesion between the ultrashort fibers and the filaments is increased, simultaneously the fibers in the fiber strip are drawn to extend along the length direction of the strip, the fiber orientation is increased, the linear flaky fiber strip is directly converted into the filament composite yarn with linear cylinder shape, lower fineness and higher strength, the state that the short fibers in the fiber strip are too loose and randomly distributed is changed, the technical problems that the fiber cohesion tightness in an untwisted flat strip or flat yarn is small, the textile processing requirements are difficult to adapt and the like are solved, meanwhile, the spun yarn drawing process of the traditional spinning is omitted, and the finished yarn flow is further shortened. The invention adopts two steps of cutting the non-woven surface material into fiber strips and twisting the fiber strips and filament composite ring spindle to form yarn, thereby not only effectively solving the technical problem that the ultrashort fiber is difficult to spin into yarn, but also realizing short-process yarn formation and providing a quick and effective method for preparing high-function high-quality yarn and garment fabric from the ultrashort difficult-to-spin fiber. The method has the advantages of obvious yarn forming advantages, short flow and easy large-area popularization and application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a short flow composite yarn of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of the composite twist resultant yarns of examples 1 and 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of a composite twist resultant yarn of example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The method for short-flow composite yarn formation of ultrashort difficult-to-spin fiber of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

See the attached drawings.

A short-flow composite yarn-forming method of ultrashort difficult-to-spin fiber, said method is first according to the existing non-weaving web-forming process of the ultrashort difficult-to-spin fiber raw materials, the web-forming process can adopt processes such as the water-jet method, needle punching, melt-blown method, spun-bond method, hot-rolling adhesion method, stitch-bonding method, complex method, etc., make the surface material of non-woven of 2.5-30 grams/square meter to roll up; then the method comprises the following steps:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5-30 g/square meter made of ultra-short difficult-to-spin fiber raw materials on a splitting machine, splitting the non-woven surface material into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 5-200 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll; the step skillfully utilizes the characteristic that ultrashort fibers can be randomly interpenetrated and bonded to form a high-strength non-woven fabric, the ultrashort non-woven fabric is directly and accurately cut into target fixed-weight strips, a strip-shaped ultrashort fiber prepolymer difficult to spin is simply and quickly prepared, preparation is made for directly twisting the difficult-to-spin fiber strips into yarns, a series of processes of multiple drafting and drawing in the front spinning and drawing in the cooked strips to make rough yarns in the traditional spinning are omitted, the traditional spinning process is greatly shortened, and the technical bottleneck that when the ultrashort difficult-to-spin fibers are subjected to traditional carding and web forming, the cohesion force between the fibers which are longitudinally and orderly arranged is too weak, the webs are easy to break, and the collection and stretching of the strips are extremely difficult to achieve is broken.

B fiber strip ring twisting yarn

Respectively placing a bobbin package and a filament package on a bobbin supporting frame of a ring twisting machine, respectively feeding each fiber strip unwound from the bobbin package to a front roller jaw formed by meshing a front roller and an upper pressing roller of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, respectively feeding at least 1 filament unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, converging with the fiber strip at the front roller jaw, outputting the converged filament and the fiber strip from the front roller jaw at an output linear speed of 10-25 m/min, subjecting the output filament and the fiber strip to ring twisting and winding, wherein the ingot speed during ring twisting and winding is 4000 and 7000 r/min, and the ring twisting acting force is used for three-dimensionally twisting ultra-short fibers and filaments inside the fiber strips to increase cohesion among ultra-short fibers and among filaments, the ring spindle winding acting force pulls the fibers in the fiber strips to extend along the length direction of the strips and increase the fiber orientation, the linear flaky fiber strips are directly converted into linear cylindrical filament composite yarns with the fineness of 7.2-210 tex, and the formed filament composite yarns are finally wound on the yarn tube through the yarn guide hooks and the steel collar steel wire rings.

The following process of combining ultra-short fiber short-flow composite yarns of different materials is used to further explain the specific application of the invention in detail.

Example 1 a short-run composite yarn was made using vortex spun noil fiber and polypropylene filament.

The length of the vortex spun noil fiber main body is 17 mm, which belongs to ultra-short fiber and is difficult to strip and spin by adopting the traditional spinning process, therefore, the vortex spun noil fiber and the polypropylene fiber are mixed, carded, lapped, formed by a needle punching method and thermally bonded and solidified to reinforce the fiber web according to 85/15 proportion to prepare a non-woven surface material package with the surface density of 30 g/square meter; then adopt

The invention carries out short-process composite yarn synthesis, which comprises the following specific steps:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven fabric roll with the surface density of 30 g/square meter made of a noil fiber raw material on a non-woven fabric splitting machine, splitting the non-woven fabric into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 200 g/kilometer, wherein the cutting speed is 120 m/min, the cutting width is 6.7 mm, and winding each fiber strip on a bobbin respectively to form a bobbin roll;

twisting the B fiber strip and filament composite ring spindle into yarn

Respectively placing a bobbin package and a filament package on a bobbin supporting frame of an SW-140 ring twisting machine, feeding 1 fiber strip of 40 g/km unwound from the bobbin package to a front roller jaw formed by meshing a front roller and an upper pressing roller of the SW-140 ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, feeding 1 polypropylene filament unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, converging the polypropylene filament and the fiber strip at the front roller jaw, outputting the converged filament and the fiber strip from the front roller jaw at an output linear velocity of 25 m/min, wherein the filament is positioned in the middle of the fiber strip (see figure 2), the filament and the fiber strip are subjected to combined action of ring twisting and winding, and the spindle speed during ring twisting and winding is 4000 revolutions/min, the invention relates to a ring twisting acting force three-dimensional twisting fiber strip internal ultrashort fibers and filaments are tightly clasped to increase ultrashort fiber space and filament space clasping, wherein the filaments are positioned on a yarn core, the fiber strip is wrapped on the outer layer of the filaments to form a filament core-wrapping composite structure, the ring twisting acting force pulls the fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increase fiber orientation, and a directional heating device can be additionally arranged in a ring twisting yarn forming area and can adopt Chinese patent publication No. CN201245734Y, published Japanese 2009.05.27, the invention provides a heating device in the forms of ironing spinning device or other resistance wire heating, high-temperature steam heating and the like, the directional heating device is fixedly arranged on the table top of a ring twisting machine through a fixing frame, and the heating end plane of the directional heating device is contacted with the fiber strip, and fully heating and softening the short fibers to enable the fibers to be easier to draw, deform and orient, directly converting the linear flaky fiber strips into linear cylindrical filament core-spun composite yarns with the fineness of 210 tex, and finally winding the formed filament core-spun composite yarns on a yarn bobbin through a yarn guide hook and a steel collar steel wire ring.

Example 2 short-run composite spinning was carried out using kapok tow.

Kapok fiber is fruit fiber of kapok plant of Malvales, generally has a length of about 8-32mm and a diameter of about 20-45 μm, is the finest, lightest, highest-hollowness and warmth-keeping fiber material in natural ecological fiber, has the fineness of only 1/2 of cotton fiber, has a hollow rate of more than 86%, is 2-3 times of that of common cotton fiber, has the characteristics of smoothness, antibiosis, moth prevention, mildew prevention, softness, difficulty in tangling, water tightness, heat non-conduction, ecology, warmth keeping, strong hygroscopicity and the like, and is widely applied to various home textile products. However, kapok fiber is difficult to be spun independently due to short length, low strength, poor cohesion and poor elasticity, so that the application of kapok fiber in the aspect of spinning is greatly limited. When the kapok fiber and the cotton fiber are blended and spun, the shorter and thinner kapok fiber is easier to form flying and falling fibers. Therefore, the kapok fiber falling main body is shorter and 10-12 mm long, belongs to ultra-short fiber, and is difficult to sliver and spin by adopting the traditional textile process, therefore, the kapok fiber is firstly carded, paved into a fiber net by a needle punching method, polypropylene filaments which are arranged in parallel and have the interval of 2mm are paved on the fiber net, the specification of the polypropylene filaments is 15D/6F, the polypropylene filaments and the fiber net are subjected to hot melt adhesion, and the reinforced nonwoven surface material package which is made of the ultra-short kapok fiber raw material and has the surface density of 5 g/square meter is obtained; then the invention is adopted to carry out short-process composite yarn, and the specific steps are as follows:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5 g/square meter made of each kapok fiber raw material on a paper splitting machine, splitting the non-woven surface material into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 7.5 g/kilometer, wherein the cutting speed is 50 m/min, the cutting width is 3 mm, and each fiber strip is respectively wound on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll;

twisting the B fiber strip and the water-soluble vinylon filament composite ring spindle to form yarn

Respectively placing the bobbin package and filament package on the bobbin supporting frame of SW-140 ring twisting machine, feeding 2 fiber strips (7.5 g/km) unwound from the bobbin package to the front roller jaw of SW-140 ring twisting machine and the front roller jaw formed by meshing the upper pressing roller via yarn guide, feeding 2 20 denier vinylon filaments unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the ring twisting machine via yarn guide, converging the fiber strips at the front roller jaw, delivering the converged filaments and fiber strips from the front roller jaw at output linear speed of 10 m/min, wherein 2 filaments are respectively positioned at the outer side of 2 fiber strips (see figure 3) to form an embedded spinning component arrangement form, the right filaments and the right fiber strips are subjected to ring twisting and winding, and the spindle speed during ring twisting and winding is 6000 r/min, ring twisting acting force is used for three-dimensionally twisting the ultra-short fibers and the right filaments in the right fiber strip, cohesion among the ultra-short fibers and the right filaments are increased, ring winding acting force is used for drawing the fibers in the right fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increasing fiber orientation, and a right pre-twisted composite sliver is formed; the method is characterized in that yarn areas are symmetrically formed by embedding, the left filament and the left fiber strip are subjected to combined action of ring twisting and winding, ultrashort fibers and the left filament in the left fiber strip are twisted three-dimensionally by ring twisting acting force, cohesion among the ultrashort fibers and the filament are increased, the fibers in the left fiber strip are drawn by ring winding acting force to extend along the length direction of the strip and increase fiber orientation to form a left pre-twisted composite yarn strip, the left pre-twisted composite yarn strip and the right pre-twisted composite yarn strip are combined and twisted into a composite strip again, at the moment, the linear flaky fiber strip is directly converted into linear cylindrical embedded composite yarn with the fineness of 20.4 tex (after the vinylon fibers are finally removed, the fineness of the yarn in the fabric is 8.9 tex), and the formed embedded composite yarn is finally wound on a yarn tube through a yarn guide hook and a steel collar steel wire ring.

Example 3 a short-run composite yarn was made using noil and polypropylene filaments.

The noil fiber with the main body length of 15 mm belongs to ultra-short fiber and is difficult to be formed into strips and spun by adopting the traditional spinning process, so that the noil fiber and the polypropylene fiber are mixed, carded, lapped, formed into a net by a needle punching method and thermally bonded and solidified to form a reinforced fiber net according to the proportion of 80/20 to prepare a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5 g/square meter; then the invention is adopted to carry out short-process composite yarn, and the specific steps are as follows:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

Placing a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5 g/square meter made of a noil fiber raw material on a film splitting machine, splitting the non-woven surface material into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 5 g/kilometer, wherein the cutting speed is 50 m/min, the cutting width is 2mm, and each fiber strip is respectively wound on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll;

twisting the B fiber strip and filament composite ring spindle into yarn

Respectively placing the bobbin package and the filament package on a bobbin supporting frame of an SW-140 ring spindle twisting machine, feeding 1 fiber strip of 5 g/km unwound from the bobbin package to a front roller jaw formed by meshing a front roller and an upper pressing roller of the SW-140 ring spindle twisting machine through a yarn guide, feeding 1 polypropylene filament unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the SW-140 ring spindle twisting machine through a yarn guide, converging the polypropylene filament and the fiber strip at the front roller jaw, outputting the converged filament and the fiber strip from the front roller jaw at the output linear velocity of 10 m/min, wherein the filament is positioned in the middle of the fiber strip (see figure 2), the filament and the fiber strip are subjected to ring spindle twisting and winding combined action, and the spindle speed during ring spindle twisting and winding is 7000 r/min, the invention relates to a ring twisting acting force three-dimensional twisting fiber strip internal ultrashort fibers and filaments are tightly clasped to increase ultrashort fiber space and filament space clasping, wherein the filaments are positioned on a yarn core, the fiber strip is wrapped on the outer layer of the filaments to form a filament core-wrapping composite structure, the ring twisting acting force pulls the fibers in the fiber strip to extend along the length direction of the strip and increase fiber orientation, and a directional heating device can be additionally arranged in a ring twisting yarn forming area and can adopt Chinese patent publication No. CN201245734Y, published Japanese 2009.05.27, the invention provides a heating device in the forms of ironing spinning device or other resistance wire heating, high-temperature steam heating and the like, the directional heating device is fixedly arranged on the table top of a ring twisting machine through a fixing frame, and the heating end plane of the directional heating device is contacted with the fiber strip, and fully heating and softening the short fibers to enable the fibers to be easier to draw, deform and orient, directly converting the linear flaky fiber strips into linear cylindrical filament core-spun composite yarns with the fineness of 7.2 tex, and finally winding the formed filament core-spun composite yarns on a yarn bobbin through a yarn guide hook and a steel collar steel wire ring.

Claims (1)

1. The method for compounding the ultra-short difficult-to-spin fiber into the yarn in the short process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

slitting of A nonwoven surface Material into fiber strips

The method comprises the following steps of (1) preparing a non-woven surface material roll with the surface density of 2.5-30 g/square meter by using an ultra-short difficult-to-spin fiber raw material according to a non-woven net forming process, placing the non-woven surface material roll on a splitting machine, splitting the non-woven surface material into linear flaky fiber strips with the linear density of 5-200 g/kilometer, and respectively winding each fiber strip on a bobbin to form a bobbin roll;

twisting the B fiber strip and filament composite ring spindle into yarn

Respectively placing a bobbin package and a filament package on a bobbin supporting frame of a ring twisting machine, respectively feeding at least 1 fiber strip unwound from the bobbin package to a front roller jaw formed by meshing a front roller and an upper pressing roller of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, respectively feeding at least 1 filament unwound from the filament package to the front roller jaw of the ring twisting machine through a yarn guide, converging with the fiber strip at the front roller jaw, outputting the converged filament and the fiber strip from the front roller jaw at an output linear speed of 10-25 m/min, subjecting the output filament and the fiber strip to ring twisting and winding, wherein the spindle speed during ring twisting and winding is 4000-7000 r/min, and the ring twisting acting force is used for three-dimensionally twisting ultra-short fibers and filaments inside the fiber strip to increase cohesion among ultra-short fibers and filaments, the ring spindle winding acting force pulls the fibers in the fiber strips to extend along the length direction of the strips and increase the fiber orientation, the linear flaky fiber strips are directly converted into linear cylindrical filament composite yarns with the fineness of 7.2-210 tex, and the formed filament composite yarns are finally wound on the yarn tube through the yarn guide hooks and the steel collar steel wire rings.

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