CN115449685B - Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115449685B CN115449685B CN202211189790.3A CN202211189790A CN115449685B CN 115449685 B CN115449685 B CN 115449685B CN 202211189790 A CN202211189790 A CN 202211189790A CN 115449685 B CN115449685 B CN 115449685B
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019021 Mg 2 Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020935 Sn-Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008757 Sn—Sb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KPQBNQRPQKZQNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sm].[Mg] Chemical compound [Sm].[Mg] KPQBNQRPQKZQNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VMRKBRPOZSOJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ho] VMRKBRPOZSOJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/06—Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.8% of Sm, 2.2-2.8% of Ho, 0.8-1.2% of Bi, 0.8-1.2% of Sn, 0.3-0.5% of Sb and the balance of Mg. The preparation method comprises the following steps: the deformed magnesium alloy is prepared through a plurality of steps of alloy casting, solution treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment. The deformation magnesium alloy prepared by the method has the tensile strength higher than 420MPa at room temperature and the elongation after fracture higher than 6 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of magnesium alloy, and particularly relates to a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The density of the magnesium alloy is lower than that of steel and aluminum alloy, and the magnesium alloy has great application potential in the fields of automobiles, aviation, electronics and the like. However, the strength of the traditional magnesium alloy is not high, and the application of the magnesium alloy is severely limited. Therefore, the development of the high-strength magnesium alloy has important significance. In recent years, rare earth magnesium alloys have attracted attention as a high-strength magnesium alloy, and many studies have been made on adding rare earth elements such as Gd, Y, nd, etc. to magnesium alloys, and Mg-Y-RE (WE) and Mg-Gd-Y (GW) high-strength magnesium alloys have been developed accordingly. The tensile strength of the Mg-5Y-4RE (Nd) -0.5Zr (WE 54) alloy reaches 280MPa after solid solution and aging treatment, and the tensile strength of the Mg-10Gd-5.7Y-1.6Zn-0.6Zr (GW 105) alloy reaches 542MPa after extrusion and aging treatment. Although the alloy achieves higher strength, the rare earth content is higher, the alloy cost is greatly increased, and the industrial application problem of the magnesium alloy is difficult to fundamentally solve. Therefore, the development of the novel low-cost high-strength deformed rare earth magnesium alloy has important application value in high-technology industries such as aerospace, automobile industry, rail transit and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wrought magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the tensile strength of the wrought magnesium alloy at room temperature is far higher than that of WE54 alloy, and the rare earth content of the wrought magnesium alloy is far lower than that of WE54 alloy.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.8% of Sm, 2.2-2.8% of Ho, 0.8-1.2% of Bi, 0.8-1.2% of Sn, 0.3-0.5% of Sb and the balance of Mg.
The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following preparation steps: alloy casting, solution treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment.
Further optimizing, the alloy casting method comprises the following steps: adding pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into an electromagnetic induction furnace, and adding the pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into a CO 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Is 99:1, heating and melting the alloy liquid under the protection atmosphere of the mixed gas, continuously heating the alloy liquid to 730-750 ℃, adding pure antimony, pure bismuth and pure tin to obtain an alloy liquid, casting and molding the alloy liquid in a steel metal mold preheated to 150-200 ℃, and cooling the alloy liquid to obtain the magnesium alloy cast ingot.
Further optimizing, the heating temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-8 hours.
Further optimizing, the hot extrusion method comprises the following steps: preheating a magnesium alloy ingot subjected to solution treatment at 360-400 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and performing hot extrusion at 360-400 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 0.4-0.6 mm/s and an extrusion ratio of 10:1-20:1, and performing air cooling to room temperature after extrusion to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
And further optimizing, namely carrying out aging treatment on the prepared wrought magnesium alloy, wherein the heating temperature of the aging treatment is 210-230 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 hours.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the alloy component of the wrought magnesium alloy of the invention is Mg-Sm-Ho-Bi-Sn-Sb, and adopts light weightThe rare earth element Sm is taken as a first component and is added in combination with the heavy rare earth element Ho, and the maximum solid solubility of Sm and Ho in magnesium is 5.8 weight percent and 28 weight percent respectively; the addition amount of Sm is 3.2-3.8wt%, so that the generation amount of the Sm-containing strengthening phase can be increased, and the strength of the alloy is improved; the addition amount of Ho is 2.2-2.8wt% to ensure the strengthening effect and control the alloy cost; in addition, 0.8-1.2 wt% of Bi, 0.8-1.2 wt% of Sn and 0.3-0.5 wt% of Sb are added, so that not only can grains be refined, but also high-melting-point strengthening phase Mg can be generated 3 Bi 2 、Mg 2 Sn and Mg 3 Sb 2 The strength of the alloy is improved, and the strength of the alloy is further improved by utilizing the comprehensive effect of multi-element alloying;
2. the total mass percent of Sm and Ho is less than or equal to 6%, the rare earth magnesium alloy is added by adopting two rare earth elements with lower content in a combined way, so that the cost is effectively reduced, and compared with a commercial heat-resistant high-strength magnesium alloy WE54 with 9wt% of rare earth elements, the deformed magnesium alloy has the room temperature tensile strength higher than 420MPa and the elongation after break not lower than 6% under the condition of lower rare earth elements content.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clear and complete.
The raw materials involved in the following examples are all commercial products, including pure magnesium with purity of 99.8%, pure bismuth, pure tin and pure antimony with purity of 99.5%, magnesium samarium and magnesium holmium master alloys with purity of 99.8%; the mass content of rare earth elements in the two intermediate alloys is 25%.
Example 1
The wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.8% of Sm, 2.2-2.8% of Ho, 0.8-1.2% of Bi, 0.8-1.2% of Sn, 0.3-0.5% of Sb and the balance of Mg.
The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloy casting: adding pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into an electromagnetic induction furnace, and adding the pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into a CO 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Is 99:1, under the protection atmosphere of the mixed gas, heating and melting are continued to raise the temperature to 730 ℃ for heat preservation, and pure bismuth and pure are addedAnd (3) tin and pure antimony to obtain alloy liquid, then casting and molding in a steel metal mold preheated to 150 ℃, and cooling to obtain a magnesium alloy cast ingot.
(2) Solution treatment: heating to 510 ℃ and preserving heat for 8 hours.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the magnesium alloy ingot after solution treatment at 360 ℃ for 2 hours, performing hot extrusion at 360 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 0.4mm/s and an extrusion ratio of 20:1, and performing air cooling to room temperature after extrusion.
(4) Aging treatment: heating at 210 ℃ and preserving the heat for 12 hours.
Example 2
A preparation method of a wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following steps: intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm, intermediate alloy Mg-25Ho, bismuth ingot, tin ingot, antimony ingot and magnesium ingot; the weight percentages of the elements of the raw materials are as follows: sm 3.5%, ho 2.5%, bi 1.0%, sn 1.0%, sb 0.4% and the balance Mg.
The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloy casting: adding pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into an electromagnetic induction furnace, and adding the pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into a CO 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Is 99:1, heating and melting the alloy liquid under the protection atmosphere of the mixed gas, continuously heating the alloy liquid to 740 ℃, preserving heat, adding pure bismuth, pure tin and pure antimony to obtain the alloy liquid, then casting and molding the alloy liquid in a steel metal mold preheated to 160 ℃, and cooling the alloy liquid to obtain the magnesium alloy cast ingot.
(2) Solution treatment: heating temperature is 520 ℃, and heat preservation time is 7h.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the magnesium alloy ingot after solution treatment at 380 ℃ for 1.5 hours, performing hot extrusion at 380 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 0.5mm/s and an extrusion ratio of 15:1, and performing air cooling to room temperature after extrusion.
(4) Aging treatment: heating temperature is 220 ℃, and heat preservation time is 11h.
Example 3
A preparation method of a wrought magnesium alloy comprises the following steps: intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm, intermediate alloy Mg-25Ho, bismuth ingot, tin ingot, antimony ingot and magnesium ingot; the weight percentages of the elements of the raw materials are as follows: sm 3.8%, ho 2.2%, bi 0.8%, sn 1.2%, sb 0.3% and the balance Mg.
The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Alloy casting: adding pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into an electromagnetic induction furnace, and adding the pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into a CO 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Is 99:1, heating and melting the alloy liquid under the protection atmosphere of the mixed gas, continuously heating to 750 ℃, preserving heat, adding pure bismuth, pure tin and pure antimony to obtain an alloy liquid, then casting and molding the alloy liquid in a steel metal mold preheated to 170 ℃, and cooling to obtain a magnesium alloy cast ingot.
(2) Solution treatment: heating to 530 ℃ and preserving heat for 6h.
(3) Hot extrusion: preheating the magnesium alloy ingot after solution treatment at 400 ℃ for 1h, performing hot extrusion at 400 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 0.6mm/s and an extrusion ratio of 10:1, and performing air cooling to room temperature after extrusion.
(4) Aging treatment: heating temperature is 230 ℃, and heat preservation time is 10h.
Example 4
The magnesium alloys of examples 1 to 3 of the high strength wrought magnesium alloys were subjected to tensile tests and compared with commercial heat resistant high strength magnesium alloy WE54 (Mg-5Y-4 RE-0.5 Zr). The specific test method comprises the following steps: the alloy was processed to standard tensile specimens according to national standards. Room temperature tensile test was performed on an electronic tensile tester model Shimadzu AG-I250 kN at a tensile rate of 1mm/min. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of tensile Strength at Room temperature and elongation after Break
As can be seen from table 1, the wrought magnesium alloy of the present invention has excellent room temperature strength. Compared with WE54 alloy, the alloy has lower rare earth content and higher tensile strength, and is superior to WE54 alloy in terms of alloy raw material cost and room temperature strength performance.
While the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are described in the foregoing description merely illustrate the principles of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the wrought magnesium alloy is characterized in that the magnesium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.2-3.8% of Sm, 2.2-2.8% of Ho, 0.8-1.2% of Bi, 0.8-1.2% of Sn, 0.3-0.5% of Sb and the balance of Mg; the specific preparation method comprises alloy casting, solution treatment, hot extrusion and aging treatment, wherein the alloy casting method comprises the following steps: adding pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into an electromagnetic induction furnace, and adding the pure magnesium and rare earth intermediate alloy Mg-25Sm and Mg-25Ho into a CO 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Is 99:1, heating and melting the alloy liquid under the protection atmosphere of the mixed gas, continuously heating the alloy liquid to 730-750 ℃ for heat preservation, adding pure antimony, pure bismuth and pure tin to obtain an alloy liquid, casting and molding the alloy liquid in a steel metal mold preheated to 150-200 ℃, and cooling the alloy liquid to obtain the magnesium alloy cast ingot.
2. The method for preparing a wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the solution treatment is 510-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-8 hours.
3. The method for preparing a wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the hot extrusion method is as follows: preheating a magnesium alloy ingot subjected to solution treatment at 360-400 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and performing hot extrusion at 360-400 ℃ at an extrusion rate of 0.4-0.6 mm/s and an extrusion ratio of 10:1-20:1, and performing air cooling to room temperature after extrusion to obtain the deformed magnesium alloy.
4. The method for preparing a wrought magnesium alloy according to claim 3, wherein the prepared wrought magnesium alloy is subjected to aging treatment, the heating temperature of the aging treatment is 210-230 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-12 h.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211189790.3A CN115449685B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202211189790.3A CN115449685B (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Deformable magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115449685B true CN115449685B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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