CN1676646A - High-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy and its preparing method - Google Patents

High-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy and its preparing method Download PDF

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CN1676646A
CN1676646A CN 200510025251 CN200510025251A CN1676646A CN 1676646 A CN1676646 A CN 1676646A CN 200510025251 CN200510025251 CN 200510025251 CN 200510025251 A CN200510025251 A CN 200510025251A CN 1676646 A CN1676646 A CN 1676646A
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magnesium
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CN100387743C (en
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何上明
曾小勤
彭立明
丁文江
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

This invention is a high-intensive heat-fast magnesium alloy and its preparation method, and the magnesium alloy has the following components with their weight percentages: 6-15%Gd, 1-6%Y, 0.35-0.8%Zr, 0-1.5%Ca, and impurity elements Si, Fe, Cu and Ni with their gross less than 0.02%, and the rest percentage is Mg. while melting, add Gd, Y, Zr in the Mg melt in Mg-Gd, Mg-Y, Mg-Zr forms, then carry out solution treatment to the magnesium alloy under 450-500deg.C for 6-12 hours, squeeze in in 350-450deg.C, treat in time the squeezing stick for 10-16 hours in 225deg.C to improve its strength.

Description

High-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of by adding alloying element (Gd, Y) or change high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy that melting, hot-work and process of thermal treatment condition obtain and preparation method thereof, this type of magnesium alloy that makes has mechanical propertys such as the room temperature strength more superior than traditional commerce magnesium alloy, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE intensity and hardness.Belong to class of metal materials and field of metallurgy.
Background technology
The not good and erosion resistance of undercapacity, thermotolerance has not seriously hindered the paces of magnesium alloy material such as substitution of Al alloy in aerospace, military project and other industry by force.Rare earth element, especially Y, Nd etc., improving aspect magnesium alloy strength, thermotolerance, the resistance to corrosion effect remarkable, as WE54 and WE43 etc.In nearest 30~40 years, Rokhlin etc. find successively that again some heavy rare earth elements (Gd, Dy, Tb etc.) are in the intensity that improves magnesium alloy, thermotolerance aspect particularly, effect is better than other rare earth element (R.Ciach such as Y, Nd, Advanced Light Alloys and Composites, 1998, the 443-448).In these heavy rare earth elements, the price of Gd is relatively cheap, acts on also comparatively remarkable.
At eutectic temperature, the limit solid solubility of Gd in Mg is 23.5%, and significantly descends with the reduction of temperature, this means that the Mg-Gd binary alloy is that the typical case can be by the magnesium alloy of heat treatment precipitation reinforcement.Rokhlin etc. and Kamado etc. have been found that the hot strength of Mg-20%Gd alloy is better than traditional WE54A heat resistance magnesium alloy and 332.0 aluminium alloys; As cast condition Mg-20%Gd tensile strength of alloys and unit elongation are respectively 310MPa and 2% at 250 ℃, its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation have only 220MPa and less than 0.3% (S.Kamado, S.Iwasawa, K.Ohuchi etc., Journal of Japan Institute of LightMetals, Vol.42, No.12,1992, the 727-733 pages or leaves).Yet the magnesium alloy cost that merely adds a large amount of heavy rare earth Gds is too high, and density is higher and the room temperature unit elongation is low excessively; Therefore be necessary to add the consumption that other lighter, more cheap alloying element reduces Gd, develop the magnesium alloy that a kind of price is relatively cheap, have higher room temperature and hot strength.
For this reason, Rokhlin etc. use Y instead of part Gd, and add the 0.5Mn thinning microstructure and improve mechanical property, developed the Mg-9.5Gd-4.8Y-0.5Mn alloy, obtained good effect, its tensile strength under hot extrusion (extrusion ratio λ=34.81) T5 state can reach 400~435MPa, but this alloy at room temperature unit elongation is still very low, has only 4% (L.L.Rokhlin, N.I.Nikitina, Magnesium-gadolinium andmagnesium-gadolinium-yttrium alloys, Z.Metallkd., 75 (12), 1994, the 819-823 page or leaf), and its as cast condition room temperature unit elongation is almost nil, is difficult to use.
Kamado etc. use Zr to replace Mn, the one-step optimization alloying constituent of going forward side by side in the Mg-Gd-Y alloy on the basis of people such as Rokhlin work.Because Zr far is better than Mn in the effect of refinement magnesium alloy crystal grain, be expected to further improve the processing performance of this alloy system.The Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy of designs such as Kamado has obtained higher mechanical property after through the hot rolling system of 80% total reduction and timeliness, and its room temperature tensile strength can reach 460MPa, and unit elongation is less than 0.5%; Its tensile strength is 420MPa in the time of 200 ℃, and unit elongation is 6%; Its tensile strength is 230MPa in the time of 300 ℃, and unit elongation is 9%.(S.Kamado, Y.Kojima:Proc.of 3rd International Magnesium Conference, ed.by G.W. Lorimer, TheInstitute of Materials, London, 1997, the 327~342), Kamado etc. are in that to improve aspect the alloy ductility effect also bad, and tensile strength of alloys descends very fast between 200-300 ℃.They have observed oxide compound or the not existence of dissolved rare earth phase at fracture surface, and think that this is the reason that the alloy room-temperature property worsens.Their melting technology is as follows: melt out the Mg-Gd-Y ternary alloy with the vacuum high-frequency induction under the protection of argon gas earlier, melting and teeming temperature are up to 800 ℃; Be 1: 100 SF again with the Mg-Gd-Y ternary alloy in throughput ratio 6And CO 2Mixed gas protected remelting down adds the Mg-30%Zr crystal grain thinning at 830 ℃, and stirs under this temperature, is incubated and cast.Because adopt dystectic pure rare earth as raw material, the smelting temperature that they adopt when melting Mg-Gd-Y ternary alloy is very high, but lacks dilution step in subsequent handling; And, certainly will increase the weight of the air-breathing consequence of alloy melt oxidation like this for the grain refining effect that guarantees Zr has adopted again up to 830 ℃ of insulations and teeming temperature.In addition, melting and cast under so high temperature, also give very easily the incendiary liquid magnesium alloy has brought great difficulty in extensive melting production protection.
As seen from the above analysis, further optimize alloying constituent and improve alloy smelting process, for the hot strength and unit elongation and the large-scale production and application that continue to improve the Mg-Gd-Y alloy, and to make this be that alloy is directly used significant under as-cast condition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy of a kind of optimization and preparation method thereof is provided, by adding alloying element (Gd, Y) or change melting, hot-work and process of thermal treatment condition, obtain high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy, make this type of magnesium alloy have mechanical properties such as the room temperature strength more superior, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE intensity and hardness than traditional commerce magnesium alloy.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: adopting Gd is first component, because Gd is 3.82% 200 ℃ of solid solubility in Mg sosoloid, for guaranteeing that alloy obtains good timeliness precipitation strength and solid solution strengthening effect, the add-on of Gd is not less than 6%, too many for avoiding cost of alloy and density to increase, and the undue embrittlement of alloy, the add-on of Gd is not higher than 15%; Adopting Y is second component, Y can reduce the solid solubility of Gd in Mg slightly, thereby increase the timeliness precipitation strength effect of Gd, the adding of Y also helps to increase the fire-retardant and resistance of oxidation of alloy in addition, but add the appearance that too much Y can postpone timeliness hardness peak, cause the timeliness required time to prolong, and intensity is reduced, so the content of Y is controlled at 1-6%; Adopt Zr as grain-refining agent, with toughness that improves alloy and the processing performance of improving alloy.This magnesium alloy can further add yield strength and the hot strength of a spot of Ca with the raising alloy, but adds the unit elongation that too much Ca can seriously reduce alloy, so the content of Ca is controlled at 0~1.5%.
In sum, a kind of high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy provided by the present invention, its component and weight percent thereof are: 6~15%Gd, 1~6%Y, 0.35~0.8%Zr, 0~1.5%Ca, the total amount of impurity element: Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.
High-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy preparation method provided by the invention comprises melting technology and thermal treatment process:
The melting technology of Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy is: earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr are preheating to 180 ℃~220 ℃, then pure magnesium have been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; treat that magnesium ingot has just melted the back at 670~690 ℃ of pure Ca that add 0~1.5wt%; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720~740 ℃; the Mg-Gd master alloy of 20~50wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy of 3.4~20wt% again when ging up to 720~740 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr master alloy that adds 1.2~2.7wt% after 760~780 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 2~3 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 780~800 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 750~755 ℃ after 20~30 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 6~10 minutes; time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25~40 minutes; treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 690~720 ℃ casts, cast is heated to 200~250 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The concrete thermal treatment process of the present invention is:
The solid solution temperature of Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy is 450~500 ℃, 6~12 hours.The Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy that pushes carries out 0.5~2 hour preheating 350~450 ℃ temperature, pushes afterwards.Then the hot extrude pressure bar is carried out 225 ℃ * 10~16 hours ageing treatment.
Substantive distinguishing features that the present invention had and obvious improvement are:
(1) adopts Mg-Gd and Mg-Y master alloy to add Gd and Y element indirectly, can bring more inclusion in enough pure Mg ingot dilution master alloy fusion process, and significantly reduce the smelting temperature of alloy and reduce the residence time of alloy under comparatively high temps; During with the Zr crystal grain thinning, accomplished to try one's best and reduced, and stirred refining at a lower temperature, successfully realized under the lower normal pouring temperature of magnesium alloy, pouring into a mould, and do not reduced the thinning effect of crystal grain in the residence time of high temperature section; This has not only reduced the The amount of inclusions of alloy after the melting effectively, and the difficulty of protecting when having reduced melting effectively, and making this is that the suitability for industrialized production of alloy becomes a reality.
(2) adopt above melting technology under the situation that keeps original intensity, improved the unit elongation of casting Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy effectively, it is more real to make this alloy be directly used in as-cast condition.
(3) adopt above melting technology to realize continuing to increase room temperature and the high temperature instantaneous stretching intensity that alloying element content improves alloy extruding T5 attitude.The high temperature instantaneous stretching intensity and the room temperature yield strength of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy have further been improved by interpolation Ca element.
(4) the Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy is along with the raising of Gd, y alloy constituent content, tensile strength and yield strength raise, unit elongation reduces, after overaging, the rangeability of its room temperature tensile strength and unit elongation is respectively 230~450MPa according to heterogeneity and technology, unit elongation is from 1~24%, and strength degradation is not obvious under 250 ℃ temperature, thereby can satisfy the alloy that various application occasions requires by regulating Gd, Y, Ca content and technological design.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr are preheating to 180 ℃, then pure magnesium have been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720 ℃; the Mg-Gd master alloy of 20wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy of 3.4wt% again when ging up to 720 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr master alloy that adds 1.2wt% after 760 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 2 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 780 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 750 ℃ after 20 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 6 minutes; time of repose after the refining was controlled at 25 minutes, treated that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 690 ℃ casts.Cast is heated to 200 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The solid solution temperature of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is 450 ℃, 6 hours.The Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy that pushes carries out 0.5 hour preheating 350 ℃ temperature, pushes afterwards.Then the hot extrude pressure bar is carried out 225 ℃ * 10 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy at last.
The room-temperature mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy casting state is:
Tensile strength: 220MPa, yield strength: 120MPa, unit elongation: 15%.
The mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy extruding T5 attitude is:
Room temperature: tensile strength: 369MPa, yield strength: 288MPa, unit elongation: 20.5%.
200 ℃: tensile strength: 305MPa, yield strength: 220MPa, unit elongation: 54.6%.
300 ℃: tensile strength: 175MPa, yield strength: 132MPa, unit elongation: 154.8%.
Embodiment 2
Earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr are preheating to 200 ℃, then pure magnesium have been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 730 ℃; the Mg-Gd master alloy of 34wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy of 10wt% again when ging up to 730 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr master alloy that adds 2wt% after 770 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 2.5 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 790 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 753 ℃ after 25 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 8 minutes; time of repose after the refining was controlled at 30 minutes, treated that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 705 ℃ casts.Cast is heated to 225 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The solution treatment system of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is 475 ℃, 9 hours.The Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy that pushes carries out 1 hour preheating 400 ℃ temperature, pushes afterwards.Then the hot extrude pressure bar is carried out 225 ℃ * 13 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy at last.
The room-temperature mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy casting state is:
Tensile strength: 370MPa, yield strength: 239MPa, unit elongation: 4.0%.
The mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy extruding T5 attitude is:
Room temperature: tensile strength: 403MPa, yield strength: 311MPa, unit elongation: 15.3%.
200 ℃: tensile strength: 367MPa, yield strength: 286MPa, unit elongation: 16.1%.
300 ℃: tensile strength: 191MPa, yield strength: 153MPa, unit elongation: 145.4%.
Embodiment 3
Earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr are preheating to 220 ℃, then pure magnesium have been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 740 ℃; the Mg-Gd master alloy of 50wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy of 20wt% again when ging up to 740 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr master alloy that adds 2.7wt% after 780 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 3 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 800 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 755 ℃ after 30 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 10 minutes; time of repose after the refining was controlled at 40 minutes, treated that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 720 ℃ casts.Cast is heated to 250 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The solution treatment system of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is 500 ℃, 11 hours.The Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy that pushes carries out 2 hours preheating 450 ℃ temperature, pushes afterwards.Then the hot extrude pressure bar is carried out 225 ℃ * 16 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy at last.
The room-temperature mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy casting state is:
Tensile strength: 328MPa, yield strength: 246MPa, unit elongation: 1.1%.
The mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy extruding T5 attitude is:
Room temperature: tensile strength: 459MPa, yield strength: 360MPa, unit elongation: 5.1%.
200 ℃: tensile strength: 410MPa, yield strength: 320MPa, unit elongation: 5.7%.
300 ℃: tensile strength: 253MPa, yield strength: 208MPa, unit elongation: 38.4%.
Embodiment 4
Earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr are preheating to 200 ℃, then pure magnesium have been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; treat that magnesium ingot has just melted the back at 680 ℃ of pure Ca that add 1wt%; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 730 ℃; the Mg-Gd master alloy of 34wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y master alloy of 10wt% again when ging up to 730 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr master alloy that adds 2wt% after 770 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 2.5 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 790 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 753 ℃ after 25 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 8 minutes, and the time of repose after the refining was controlled at 30 minutes, treated that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 705 ℃ casts.Cast is heated to 225 ℃ in advance with steel die.
The solution treatment system of Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy is 475 ℃, 9 hours.The Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy that pushes carries out 1 hour preheating 400 ℃ temperature, pushes afterwards.Then the hot extrude pressure bar is carried out 225 ℃ * 13 hours ageing treatment.Obtain high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy at last.
The room-temperature mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy casting state is:
Tensile strength: 368MPa, yield strength: 246MPa, unit elongation: 2.8%.
The mechanical property of high-strength temperature-resistant Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy extruding T5 attitude is:
Room temperature: tensile strength: 449MPa, yield strength: 371MPa, unit elongation: 14.1%.
200 ℃: tensile strength: 360MPa, yield strength: 292MPa, unit elongation: 15.0%.
300 ℃: tensile strength: 190MPa, yield strength: 165MPa, unit elongation: 98%.

Claims (4)

1. high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy is characterized in that the weight percent of its component is: 6~15%Gd, 1~6%Y, 0.35~0.8%Zr, and 0~1.5%Ca, the total amount of impurity element Si, Fe, Cu and Ni is less than 0.02%, and surplus is Mg.
2. the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy of a claim 1 is characterized in that earlier pure magnesium, master alloy Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr being preheating to 180~220 ℃, then pure magnesium has been put into SF 6/ CO 2The melt in furnace of gas shield; treat that magnesium ingot has just melted the back at 670~690 ℃ of pure Ca that add 0~1.5wt%; after the magnesium liquid temp reaches 720~740 ℃; the Mg-Gd of 20~50wt% is directly joined in the magnesium liquid; Mg-Gd fusing back magnesium liquid temp adds the Mg-Y of 3.4~20wt% again when ging up to 720~740 ℃; the magnesium liquid temp is risen to the Mg-Zr that adds 1.2~2.7wt% after 760~780 ℃; treat to skim surface scum after its fusing; stirred 2~3 minutes; again the magnesium liquid temp is risen to 780~800 ℃ of insulations and be cooled to 750~755 ℃ after 20~30 minutes; constantly electrorefining is 6~10 minutes; time of repose after the refining was controlled between 25~40 minutes; treat that skimming surface scum after magnesium liquid is cooled to 690~720 ℃ casts, cast is heated to 200~250 ℃ in advance with steel die, obtains the Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy.
3. according to the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy of claim 2, it is characterized in that the Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy that will obtain carries out 450~500 ℃, 6~12 hours solution treatment.
4. according to the preparation method of the high-strength heat-resisting magnesium alloy of claim 3, it is characterized in that and to push under 350~450 ℃ temperature through the Mg-Gd-Y-Ca-Zr alloy after the solution treatment, then to pushing the ageing treatment that rod carried out 225 ℃ * 10~16 hours.
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