CN115449644B - System and method for extracting gold from sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore by segmented sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension and roasting - Google Patents
System and method for extracting gold from sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore by segmented sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension and roasting Download PDFInfo
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 estramur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052957 realgar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical group N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/10—Roasting processes in fluidised form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore sectional sulfur-fixing oxidation suspension roasting gold extraction system and method, which are used for sulfur-fixing decarburization oxidation pretreatment of sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore and gold extraction; in the gold extraction system, the crushed sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore is mixed with a curing agent, the mixed material is conveyed to a first-stage preheating cyclone separator, and the mixed material enters a first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace after being preheated in the first-stage preheating cyclone separator; the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting enters a second-stage cyclone separator after being dehydrated by a dryer; the materials separated by the second-stage cyclone separator enter a second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace; and cooling the solid material subjected to the two-stage oxidizing roasting by a cooling cyclone separator, and then feeding the cooled solid material into a gold leaching device to obtain gold leaching liquid. The gold extraction system and the gold extraction method have the advantages of high heat and mass transfer efficiency, less sulfide emission, thorough removal of carbonaceous matters, strong adaptability to different ores, easy realization of large-scale industrial production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and particularly relates to a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore segmented sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system and method.
Background
With the increasing reduction of easily-collected gold ore resources, the problem of harmless and efficient separation of sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ores is increasingly concerned. Sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore is a typical refractory gold ore, and because of the strong gold robbing effect of carbonaceous materials, sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing components such as pyrite, arsenopyrite and the like have the effects of wrapping gold particles and consuming leaching agents, so that the conventional leaching rate of the ore is very low. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore is usually pretreated by roasting, namely the material is roasted at high temperature, and carbonaceous matters and cyanide in the ore are oxidized to lose adsorptivity and toxicity, so that the high-efficiency utilization of difficult-to-treat resources is realized. The traditional roasting technology has the advantages that the system has open flame combustion, uncontrollable temperature and uncontrollable atmosphere, so that the materials are partially overheated to generate secondary package, and the resource utilization rate is reduced. Particularly, when the sulfur-containing ore material is treated, a great amount of sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing toxic gas is generated in the oxidizing roasting process, and serious environmental pollution is generated. Therefore, new equipment for economic and efficient solidification roasting pretreatment is lacking for sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ores.
Patent CN200610048718.3 discloses an integrated process for extracting gold by kiln type oxidation roasting of refractory gold ore, and provides that roasting treatment and cyanidation extraction Jin Chuli of refractory gold ore are all completed in the same tunnel kiln, and the process has the characteristics of small investment, simple equipment, easiness in manufacturing, short process flow and the like. However, the method belongs to static roasting, and carbon powder, coke powder or coal dust combustion improver is required to be mixed, so that sintering is easy to generate, and the leaching effect is influenced.
Patent CN201610902405.3 discloses a pretreatment method of refractory gold ores containing antimony and arsenic, which comprises pulverizing gold ores, adding into a closed vertical tube type heating furnace, introducing neutral protective gas for roasting, and cooling to obtain calcine. However, the method generates a large amount of sulfur-containing and arsenic-containing tail gas, needs further recovery treatment, is easy to generate secondary pollution and increases the operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the current situation that the existing sulfur-containing mineral roasting treatment process is high in energy consumption and heavy in pollution, the invention provides a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore segmented sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system and method.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore sectional sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension and roasting gold extraction system comprises a crushing and mixing device, a storage and feeding device, a primary preheating cyclone separator, a primary sulfur fixation, suspension and roasting furnace, a dryer, a secondary cyclone separator, a secondary oxidation, suspension and roasting furnace, a cooling cyclone separator and a gold leaching device which are connected in sequence; the crushing and mixing device is used for crushing the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore and then mixing the crushed sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore with a curing agent to obtain a mixed material; the storage and feeding device is used for storing and conveying the mixed materials to a section of preheating cyclone separator; the mixed material enters a first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated in a first-stage preheating cyclone separator; the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting enters a second-stage cyclone separator after being dehydrated by a dryer; the materials separated by the second-stage cyclone separator enter a second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace; and cooling the solid material subjected to the two-stage oxidizing roasting by a cooling cyclone separator, and then feeding the cooled solid material into a gold leaching device to obtain gold leaching liquid.
Further, the crushing and mixing device comprises a high-pressure roller mill and a mixer which are connected in sequence; the storage and feeding device comprises a storage bin and a screw feeder which are connected in sequence; the outlet of the mixer is connected with the bin through a belt feeder; the discharge port of the storage bin is connected with the feed port of a section of preheating cyclone separator through a screw feeder; the discharge port of the primary preheating cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of the primary sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace through a primary flow sealing valve, and the primary suspension roasting furnace is provided with a combustion station; the discharge port of the second-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace through a second-stage flow sealing valve, and the discharge port of the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace is communicated with the cooling cyclone separator.
Further, the cold air inlet of the cooling cyclone separator is connected with an air compressor for blowing cold air, the cold air outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is connected with the air inlet of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace, and the cold air is fed into the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace as oxidation gas after heat conversion; and the material outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is communicated with a stirring mill, and the outlet of the stirring mill is matched with a subsequent leaching device.
Further, the flue gas outlet of the second-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the feed inlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator, the flue gas outlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator is connected with a dust removing device, the dust outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a dust collecting bin, the flue gas outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a desulfurization absorption tower, and the desulfurization absorption tower is connected with a chimney through a draught fan.
Further, the flue gas outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is communicated with a lower feed inlet of the sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace; the one-stage curing suspension roasting furnace is provided with a water vapor inlet.
Further, the bottoms of the first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace and the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace are respectively provided with an air inlet, an oxygen inlet and a nitrogen inlet, and are respectively communicated with air sources, oxygen sources and nitrogen sources through gas pipelines.
The gold extraction method based on the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore segmented sulfur-fixing oxidation suspension roasting gold extraction system comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore as a treatment raw material, crushing and finely grinding the raw material;
(2) Mixing the raw materials with a curing agent to obtain a mixed material; delivering the mixed material to a section of preheating cyclone separator;
(3) The mixed material entering the preheating cyclone separator is heated to 200-300 ℃ by high-temperature flue gas, and the preheated material enters a section of sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace;
(4) Heating the mixed material in the first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace to 300-500 ℃, and reacting the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore with a curing agent under the action of weak oxygen or weak oxygen auxiliary steam atmosphere to generate sulfate with stable properties; discharging the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting from the first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace under the action of negative pressure, and dehydrating in a dryer;
(5) The dehydrated solidified material enters a two-stage cyclone separator and then enters a two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace;
(6) Introducing air or a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen into the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace through an air path, heating to 500-700 ℃ to enable carbonaceous matters, residual sulfide ores, cyanide and the like in the materials to be fully oxidized and removed; the residual solid materials after the reaction are taken as oxidation materials, discharged from a discharge hole at the upper part of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace, and enter a cyclone cooling separator;
(7) And (3) carrying out heat exchange and cooling on the oxidized material to normal temperature through a cyclone cooling separator, grinding and conveying the oxidized material into a gold leaching device for cyanide leaching to obtain gold leaching liquid and leaching slag.
Further, the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore in the step (1) contains 1.0-50.0 g/t of gold, 0.5-30 wt% of sulfur, 0.2-15 wt% of arsenic and 0.2-20 wt% of carbon; crushing and finely grinding the raw materials until the particle diameter of the raw materials is-0.074 mm and the total mass of the raw materials is more than or equal to 80 percent; the gold ore is from sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore obtained from gold mining or gold concentrate obtained by flotation, gravity separation and the like; the sulfur element in the materials is mainly from pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and other metal sulfide ores; the arsenic element mainly exists in the forms of realgar, estramur, arsenopyrite, arsenicantimonite and the like; the carbon exists mainly in the forms of activated carbon, humic acid, long-chain alkane and the like.
Further, the curing agent in the step (2) is an additive for enabling sulfide ores in the gold ores to generate stable compounds in a one-stage curing roasting process, and preferably calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and dolomite; the addition amount of the curing agent in the mixed material is 1.1 to 1.4 times of the theoretical calculated amount of the oxidation reaction of sulfur, arsenic and carbon in the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore.
In the step (4), the one-stage curing roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of nitrogen, water vapor and oxygen, and the volume concentration of the water vapor is adjusted to be 0-20% and the volume concentration of the oxygen is adjusted to be 0-20% according to the composition characteristics of the ore. The water vapor is used for providing a medium for the curing reaction and accelerating the reaction.
Further, in the step (4), the main chemical reactions in the one-stage curing suspension roasting furnace are as follows:
4FeS 2 +11O 2 ＝2Fe 2 O 3 +8SO 2
2FeAsS+5O 2 ＝Fe 2 O 3 +As 2 O 3 +2SO 2
2CaO+2SO 2 +O 2 ＝2CaSO 4
3CaO+As 2 O 3 +O 2 ＝Ca 3 (AsO 4 ) 2
As 2 O 3 +O 2 ＝As 2 O 5
As 2 O 5 +Fe 2 O 3 ＝2FeAsO 4
further, in the step (4), the residence time of the mixed material in the one-stage curing suspension roasting furnace is 30-120 min. Further, in the step (6), the main reaction formula of the solidified material in the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace is as follows:
C+O 2 ＝CO 2
CO 2 +CaO＝CaCO 3
further, in the step (6), the residence time of the solidified material in the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace is 30-120 min.
The gold extraction system and the gold extraction method can coordinate the proportion of the mixed curing agent according to the types and the contents of the sulfide ores contained in the gold ore raw materials, and have strong adaptability to minerals with different components. The sectional roasting modes with different roasting atmospheres and roasting temperatures are adopted, so that the sulphide minerals are fixed in the materials in the form of stable sulfate under the low-temperature weak-oxygen roasting condition, and ultra-low emission is realized; the method realizes the thorough removal of carbonaceous matters and residual sulfide minerals under the high-temperature oxygen-enriched roasting condition, and achieves the aim of improving the gold leaching rate. The suspension roasting system operates under negative pressure, the materials are fluidized in the roasting system, the oxidation treatment effect is ensured to the maximum extent, and the phenomena of 'under-burning' and 'over-burning' are avoided.
The method has the advantages of short and efficient process flow, low energy consumption, low treatment cost, good economy, environmental friendliness and easy realization of large-scale industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system structure and flow in an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure: 1. the high-pressure roller mill, 2, the blendor, 3, the belt feeder, 4, the edulcoration sieve, 5, the feed bin, 6, the screw feeder, 7, the one-stage preheating cyclone, 8, the one-stage flow seal valve, 9, the one-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace, 10, the combustor, 11, the venturi dryer, 12, the two-stage cyclone, 13, the two-stage flow seal valve, 14, the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace, 15, the gas pipeline, 16, the air compressor, 17, the cooling cyclone, 18, the stirring mill, 19, the leaching tank, 20, the leaching solution, 21, the leaching residue, 22, the dust remover, 23, the dust collection bin, 24, the absorption tower, 25, the induced draft fan, 26 and the chimney.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The belt feeder, the screw feeder, the Venturi dryer, the cyclone separator, the dust remover, the air compressor and the induced draft fan adopted in the embodiment of the invention are all commercial products.
The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore in the embodiment of the invention contains 1.0 to 50.0g/t of gold, 0.5 to 30 weight percent of sulfur, 0.2 to 15 weight percent of arsenic and 0.2 to 20 weight percent of carbon.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sulfur element in the material to be treated is mainly from pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, galena and other metal sulfide ores; the arsenic element mainly exists in the forms of realgar, estramur, arsenopyrite, arsenicantimonite and the like; the carbon exists mainly in the forms of activated carbon, humic acid, long-chain alkane and the like.
In the embodiment of the invention, the grinding conditions of the stirring mill are as follows: the diameter of the ceramic ball is 15-20 mm, the medium filling rate is 60-80%, the grinding concentration is 35-75%, and the grinding fineness is-0.038 mm and the grain fraction content is 70-90%.
The leaching method in the embodiment of the invention is a conventional method in the field, the leaching agent is sodium cyanide, the liquid-solid ratio is 2:1-5:1, the cyanide mass concentration is 1.0-3.0%, the pH value is controlled to be 10-12, and the leaching time is 24-48 h.
Example 1
A sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore sectional sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension and roasting gold extraction system is shown in figure 1, and comprises a crushing and mixing device, a storage and feeding device, a primary preheating cyclone separator 7, a primary sulfur fixation, suspension and roasting furnace 9, a Venturi dryer 11, a secondary cyclone separator 12, a secondary oxidation, suspension and roasting furnace 14, a cooling cyclone separator 17 and a gold leaching device which are connected in sequence; the crushing and mixing device is used for crushing the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore and then mixing the crushed sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore with a curing agent to obtain a mixed material; the storage and feeding device is used for storing and conveying the mixed materials to a section of preheating cyclone separator; the mixed material enters a first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated in a first-stage preheating cyclone separator; the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting enters a second-stage cyclone separator after being dehydrated by a dryer; the materials separated by the second-stage cyclone separator enter a second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace; and cooling the solid material subjected to the two-stage oxidizing roasting by a cooling cyclone separator, and then feeding the cooled solid material into a gold leaching device to obtain gold leaching liquid.
The crushing and mixing device comprises a high-pressure roller mill 1 and a mixer 2 which are sequentially connected; the storage and feeding device comprises a storage bin 5 and a screw feeder 6 which are connected in sequence; the high-pressure roller mill is matched with the mixer, and the outlet of the mixer is connected with the bin through a belt feeder 3; the discharge port of the bin is connected with the feed port of a section of preheating cyclone separator 7 through a screw feeder; the discharge port of the primary preheating cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of a primary sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace 9 through a primary flow sealing valve 8, and the primary suspension roasting furnace is provided with a combustion station 10; the discharge port of the primary sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace, the Venturi dryer 11 and the secondary cyclone separator 12 are communicated and connected in series, the discharge port of the secondary cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of the secondary oxidation suspension roasting furnace 14 through the secondary flow sealing valve 13, and the discharge port of the secondary oxidation suspension roasting furnace is communicated with the cooling cyclone separator 17.
The cold air inlet of the cooling cyclone separator 17 is connected with the air compressor 16, the cooling cyclone separator is refrigerated in a mode that cold air is blown in by the air compressor, the cold air outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is connected with the air inlet of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace to serve as oxidizing atmosphere, and the cold air is fed into the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace to serve as oxidizing gas after heat conversion; the material outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is communicated with a stirring mill 18, and the outlet of the stirring mill is matched with a subsequent leaching device; the filling medium of the stirring mill is ceramic balls, so that the sinter in the oxidized material is fully dissociated and the influence of metal ions on leaching operation is eliminated.
The flue gas outlet of the second-stage cyclone separator 12 is communicated with the feed inlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7, the flue gas outlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7 is connected with a dust removing device 22, the dust outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a dust collecting bin 23, the flue gas outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a desulfurization absorption tower 24, and the desulfurization absorption tower is connected with a chimney 26 through a draught fan 25; flue gas discharged by the first section of preheating cyclone separator is sent to a chimney discharge system by an induced draft fan after passing through a dust removing device and a desulfurization absorption tower; the absorption tower filler is limestone and is used for absorbing a small amount of harmful impurities such as sulfur, arsenic and the like remained in the flue gas.
The impurity removing sieve 4 is arranged above the storage bin 5, the upper part of the impurity removing sieve is opposite to the outlet of the belt feeder 3, and the inlet of the belt feeder is opposite to the discharge hole of the mixer 2.
Wherein the combustion station 10 is in communication with a natural gas source via a conduit.
The flue gas outlet of the cooling cyclone separator 17 is communicated with the lower feed inlet of the sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace.
Wherein the one-stage solidification suspension roasting furnace 9 is provided with a water vapor inlet.
Wherein, the bottom of the primary sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace and the bottom of the secondary oxidation suspension roasting furnace are respectively provided with an air inlet, an oxygen inlet and a nitrogen inlet which can be switched on and off and are respectively communicated with air, oxygen and nitrogen sources through gas pipelines 15.
Wherein, the outer walls of the first-stage solidifying and suspending roasting furnace 9, the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7 and the second-stage oxidizing and suspending roasting furnace 14 are respectively provided with a heating device and a heat preservation layer.
Wherein, the first-stage solidifying and suspending roasting furnace 9, the first-stage preheating cyclone 7, the second-stage oxidizing and suspending roasting furnace 14, the cooling cyclone 17 and the dust remover 22 are respectively provided with a point couple temperature measuring device and a pressure sensor for detecting the temperature and the pressure of the system.
Example 2
The gold extraction method based on the gold extraction system of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) The roasted material is a sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore, the gold grade of the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore is 4.1g/t, the carbon content is 2.07wt%, the sulfur content is 0.85wt%, and the arsenic content is 0.39wt%; crushing gold ore to a particle size of-2 mm, and then grinding until the particle size is-0.074 mm accounting for 80% of the total mass;
(2) The gold ore is uniformly mixed with magnesia powder in a mixer to prepare a mixed material, and the consumption of magnesia is 1.3 times of the theoretical calculated amount of oxidation reaction of sulfur, arsenic and carbon in the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore; the mixed powder is put into a feed bin 5 after passing through a impurity removing sieve 4, and then is continuously conveyed into a section of preheating cyclone separator 7 through a screw feeder 6;
(3) Starting an induced draft fan to enable the dust remover 22, the absorption tower 24, the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7, the first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace 9, the Venturi dryer 11, the second-stage cyclone separator 12 and the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace 14 to form negative pressure; the mixed material entering the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7 is heated to 250 ℃ by high-temperature flue gas, and the preheated material enters the first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace 9 through the first-stage flow sealing valve 8;
(4) The heat generated by the combustion station heats the mixed material in the first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace 9 to 490 ℃ for roasting for 60min, and under the action of the mixed gas of nitrogen and oxygen (the volume concentration of oxygen is 10%), gold ore reacts with magnesia powder to generate stable sulfate; the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting is discharged from the first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace under the action of negative pressure and enters a venturi dryer 11 for dehydration;
(5) The dehydrated solidified material enters a second-stage cyclone separator 12, enters a second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace 14 through a second-stage flow sealing valve 13, and the flue gas of the second-stage cyclone separator is fed into a first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7;
(6) Introducing air into the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace 14 of the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace through an air path, heating to 620 ℃ and roasting for 60min to enable carbonaceous matters and residual sulfide ores in the materials to be fully oxidized and removed; the residual solid materials after the reaction are taken as oxidation materials, discharged from a discharge port at the upper part of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace 14 and enter a cooling cyclone separator 17;
(7) The oxidized material is conveyed into a stirring mill 18 after being subjected to heat exchange and cooling to normal temperature by a cooling cyclone separator 17, ground into particles with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounting for 80 percent of the total mass, and then conveyed into a leaching tank 19 for cyanide leaching to obtain gold leaching solution 20 and leaching slag 21;
(8) The flue gas discharged by the first-stage preheating cyclone separator 7 enters an absorption tower 24 after being collected by a dust remover 22, and is discharged out of the system through a chimney 26 by an induced draft fan 25.
Through the experimental operation of the embodiment, the technical indexes of 98.96% of sulfur fixation rate, 96.32% of arsenic fixation rate and 95.35% of gold leaching rate are obtained.
Example 3
The gold extraction method based on the gold extraction system of example 1 is different from example 2 in that:
(1) The roasted material is a certain high-sulfur high-arsenic gold concentrate, the gold grade is 43.5g/t, the carbon content is 5.63wt%, the sulfur content is 19.33wt%, and the arsenic content is 5.48wt%; grinding the materials until the particle diameter of the materials is-0.074 mm and the parts account for 85% of the total mass;
(2) Calcium oxide is selected as a curing agent, and the dosage of the calcium oxide is 1.1 times of the theoretical calculated amount of oxidation reaction of sulfur, arsenic and carbon in the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore;
(4) The primary curing roasting atmosphere is a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen, water vapor and oxygen, the volume concentration of the oxygen is 5%, and the volume concentration of the water vapor is 10%; curing and roasting at 450 ℃ for 40min;
(6) The second-stage curing roasting atmosphere is a nitrogen and oxygen mixed atmosphere, and the volume concentration of oxygen is 30%; the oxidizing roasting temperature is 650 ℃, and the roasting time is 80min;
(7) The oxidized material is cooled and then stirred and ground until the particle size of the oxidized material is-0.038 mm, wherein the oxidized material accounts for 85% of the total mass.
Through the test operation of the embodiment, the leaching rate of gold of 91.55 percent is obtained after cyanide leaching, the sulfur fixation rate is 94.68 percent, and the arsenic fixation rate is 95.08 percent.
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in the technical scheme, the protection scope of the invention cannot be limited by the technical scheme, and any changes and modifications to the technical scheme according to the technical substance of the invention belong to the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore sectional sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension and roasting gold extraction system is characterized in that: comprises a crushing and mixing device, a storage and feeding device, a primary preheating cyclone separator, a primary sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace, a dryer, a secondary cyclone separator, a secondary oxidation suspension roasting furnace, a cooling cyclone separator and a gold leaching device which are connected in sequence; the crushing and mixing device is used for crushing the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore and then mixing the crushed sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore with a curing agent to obtain a mixed material; the storage and feeding device is used for storing and conveying the mixed materials to a section of preheating cyclone separator; the mixed material enters a first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace after being preheated in a first-stage preheating cyclone separator; the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting enters a second-stage cyclone separator after being dehydrated by a dryer; the materials separated by the second-stage cyclone separator enter a second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace; cooling the solid material subjected to the second-stage oxidizing roasting through a cooling cyclone separator, and then entering a gold leaching device to obtain gold leaching liquid;
the gold extraction method by adopting the system comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore as a treatment raw material, crushing and finely grinding the raw material;
(2) Mixing the raw materials with a curing agent to obtain a mixed material; delivering the mixed material to a section of preheating cyclone separator; the curing agent is calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and dolomite;
(3) The mixed material entering the preheating cyclone separator is heated to 200-300 ℃ by high-temperature flue gas, and the preheated material enters a section of sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace;
(4) Heating the mixed material in the first-stage sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace to 300-500 ℃, and reacting the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore with a curing agent under the action of weak oxygen or weak oxygen auxiliary steam atmosphere to generate sulfate with stable properties; discharging the solidified material after the first-stage sulfur fixation roasting from the first-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace under the action of negative pressure, and dehydrating in a dryer;
(5) The dehydrated solidified material enters a two-stage cyclone separator and then enters a two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace;
(6) Introducing air or a mixed gas of oxygen and nitrogen into the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace through a gas circuit, heating to 500-700 ℃ to enable carbonaceous matters, residual sulfide ores and cyanide in the materials to be fully oxidized and removed; the residual solid materials after the reaction are taken as oxidation materials, discharged from a discharge hole at the upper part of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace, and enter a cyclone cooling separator;
(7) And (3) carrying out heat exchange and cooling on the oxidized material to normal temperature through a cyclone cooling separator, grinding and conveying the oxidized material into a gold leaching device for cyanide leaching to obtain gold leaching liquid and leaching slag.
2. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: the crushing and mixing device comprises a high-pressure roller mill and a mixer which are sequentially connected; the storage and feeding device comprises a storage bin and a screw feeder which are connected in sequence; the outlet of the mixer is connected with the bin through a belt feeder; the discharge port of the storage bin is connected with the feed port of a section of preheating cyclone separator through a screw feeder; the discharge port of the primary preheating cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of the primary sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace through a primary flow sealing valve, and the primary sulfur-fixing suspension roasting furnace is provided with a combustion station; the discharge port of the second-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the feed port of the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace through a second-stage flow sealing valve, and the discharge port of the second-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace is communicated with the cooling cyclone separator.
3. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: the cold air inlet of the cooling cyclone separator is connected with an air compressor for blowing cold air, the cold air outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is connected with the air inlet of the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace, and the cold air is fed into the two-stage oxidation suspension roasting furnace as oxidizing gas after heat conversion; and the material outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is communicated with a stirring mill, and the outlet of the stirring mill is matched with a subsequent leaching device.
4. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: the flue gas outlet of the second-stage cyclone separator is communicated with the feed inlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator, the flue gas outlet of the first-stage preheating cyclone separator is connected with a dust removing device, the dust outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a dust collecting bin, the flue gas outlet of the dust removing device is connected with a desulfurization absorption tower, and the desulfurization absorption tower is connected with a chimney through a draught fan.
5. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: the flue gas outlet of the cooling cyclone separator is communicated with a feed inlet at the lower part of the primary sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace; the one-stage sulfur fixation suspension roasting furnace is provided with a water vapor inlet.
6. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: in the step (1), the sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore contains 1.0-50.0 g/t of gold, 0.5-30 wt% of sulfur, 0.2-15 wt% of arsenic and 0.2-20 wt% of carbon; the raw materials are crushed and finely ground until the particle size is-0.074 and mm, and the total mass is more than or equal to 80 percent.
7. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: the curing agent in the step (2) is an additive for enabling sulfide ores in gold ores to generate stable compounds in a one-stage curing roasting process, and the addition amount of the curing agent in the mixed material is 1.1-1.4 times of the theoretical calculated amount of oxidation reaction of sulfur, arsenic and carbon in sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ores.
8. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: in the step (4), the one-stage curing roasting atmosphere is a mixed gas of nitrogen, water vapor and oxygen, the volume concentration of the water vapor is adjusted to be 0-20% according to the composition characteristics of the ore, and the volume concentration of the oxygen is adjusted to be 0-20%.
9. The sulfur-containing carbonaceous gold ore staged sulfur fixation, oxidation, suspension roasting and gold extraction system according to claim 1, wherein the gold extraction system is characterized in that: in the steps (4) and (6), the residence time of the materials in the primary curing suspension roasting furnace and the secondary oxidation suspension roasting furnace is respectively 30-120 min.
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