CN113774215A - Method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag - Google Patents
Method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN113774215A CN113774215A CN202111070243.9A CN202111070243A CN113774215A CN 113774215 A CN113774215 A CN 113774215A CN 202111070243 A CN202111070243 A CN 202111070243A CN 113774215 A CN113774215 A CN 113774215A
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004137 mechanical activation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009858 zinc metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADQNPFZCWLOCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxolead oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Pb]=O.[O-2].[Zn+2] ADQNPFZCWLOCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/80—Interaction of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel with other processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag, which comprises the following steps: 1) mechanical activation; 2) reducing in a rotary hearth furnace; 3) a DRI output system; 4) and melting and separating in a submerged arc furnace. The invention increases the specific surface area of various materials through treatment, mixes the materials evenly, the materials are contacted fully, and the surface charges generated by activation are combined together tightly, which can bring: the using amount of the binder is reduced; the cost is reduced, the water content of the pelletizing balls is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the balling rate is improved, and the strength is increased; the reduction time can be shortened, the volatilization rate of lead and zinc is improved, and the metallization rate of the reduced pellets is increased; by utilizing the method, iron, zinc and lead in the metallurgical slag of lead and zinc can be recovered, and secondary utilization of the metallurgical slag is realized; meanwhile, high-temperature steam generated in the rotary hearth furnace reduction and submerged arc furnace melting process is utilized for recovering waste energy and utilizing waste heat for power generation, so that green and low-carbon metallurgy is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial waste residue recycling, in particular to a method for recycling valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag.
Background
The lead and zinc metal yield of China is the first in the world for many years. While the product capacity is rapidly developed, the problem of treating various smelting slags in the production process is gradually highlighted, and the slags often contain a large amount of lead, zinc and other valuable metals. The research on the method for recovering valuable elements from lead-zinc slag can relieve the environmental pressure and effectively utilize secondary resources.
Because lead and zinc are mostly present in a mutual association form in the primary process of minerals, the general pattern of lead and zinc combination in the smelting process is formed. Lead-zinc metallurgy, as an industry for healthy development, must form a closed and perfect production system, and must face and solve the severe problem of slag treatment.
According to statistics, 7100t of waste slag is discharged when each ten thousand tons of lead are produced by the lead smelting system, and 9600t of slag is discharged when each ten thousand tons of zinc are produced, and the quantity of slag fields is over hundred million tons, so that the recycling and harmless treatment of the lead-zinc smelting waste slag is a necessary way for the future sustainable development of the lead-zinc industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag comprises the following steps:
1)1) mechanical activation, namely crushing and grinding high-zinc high-lead smelting slag and a reducing agent by using mechanical activation equipment, performing mechanical activation to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 0.074mm and the content of more than 80%, feeding the material into a batching system, adding an adhesive, feeding the material into a mixing and pelletizing system to obtain green pellets, and feeding the green pellets into a chain grate for drying, dehydrating and preheating to meet the technical requirement of the green pellets for reduction in a rotary hearth furnace; pretreating high-zinc high-lead smelting slag and a reducing agent to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 0.074mm and the content of more than 80%, adding the material into a mixture, adding an adhesive, feeding the mixture into a mixing and pelletizing system to obtain raw pellets with the particle size of 8-16 mm and the water content of 9-12%; the green pellets enter a chain grate machine for drying, dehydrating and preheating to meet the technical requirement of the reduction of the green pellets entering a rotary hearth furnace;
2) reducing in a rotary hearth furnace, feeding green pellets meeting the technical requirements into the rotary hearth furnace continuously, distributing the materials uniformly on an annular hearth, rotating at a constant speed along with the bottom of the furnace, passing the green pellets through a charging area, a drying area, a smoke exhaust area, a preheating area, a medium-temperature reduction area, a high-temperature reduction area and a discharging area in sequence, changing the retention and reduction time of the green pellets in the furnace by adjusting the rotating speed of the bottom of the furnace, and reducing the green pellets in the furnace for 20-40 min;
the green pellets are subjected to reduction reaction in a rotary hearth furnace, a large amount of lead and zinc escapes through high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas finally enters a bag dust collector through a heat exchanger process, and meanwhile, hot DRI pellets are obtained;
3) the DRI output system is characterized in that two material receiving tanks are arranged below the spiral discharging machine, each material receiving tank is provided with a lifting type sealing cover, and each material receiving tank is provided with a relatively independent rail conveying line; the material receiving tank car is transported to a submerged arc furnace workshop through a track;
4) melting and separating in a submerged arc furnace: and (3) feeding the hot DRI pellets into an ore smelting furnace through a hot feeding system for melting separation, separating slag and iron to obtain molten iron and molten slag, casting the molten iron into iron blocks by an iron casting machine, and treating the molten slag to obtain water slag.
A rotary hearth furnace made of high-compactness alkali resistant materials is adopted in the rotary hearth furnace;
the physicochemical properties of the high-compactness alkali resistant material are as follows:
index of physical and chemical properties of magnesite
Physical and chemical property indexes of castable
Physical and chemical property indexes of anchoring brick
The reduction reaction temperature of the rotary hearth furnace in the step 2) is 1200-1350 ℃;
as a preferable technical scheme, the zinc content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag in the step 1) is more than or equal to 6%, and the lead content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag is more than or equal to 2%.
As a preferred technical scheme, the high-lead and high-zinc smelting slag, the reducing agent and the adhesive are ground and fully mixed by a mixer to be pelletized by a disc pelletizer to obtain raw pellets with the diameter of 8-16 mm and the water content of 9-12%.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 1), a flue gas furnace system is adopted to dry, dehydrate and preheat the green pellets entering the chain grate machine, so that physical water and crystal water in the green pellets are removed, meanwhile, the oxidation of magnetite occurs, the moisture of the dried green pellets is less than 1.5%, and the temperature is less than 150 ℃.
As a preferable technical scheme, the DRI pellets which are hot in the step 2) are discharged out of the rotary hearth furnace through a spiral discharging machine.
As a preferable technical scheme, after the DRI pellets in the step 3) enter the charging bucket through the rotary discharging machine, the liftable sealing cover is lowered, so that secondary oxidation of the DRI pellets is avoided; after one material receiving tank is full, the other material receiving tank is automatically switched to, and the circulation is repeated.
As a preferred technical scheme, each submerged arc furnace for melting and separating the submerged arc furnace is provided with 1 iron outlet and 1 slag outlet, each slag and iron outlet is provided with one opening and blocking machine, the molten iron and the molten slag are separated by arranging the furnace outlets with different heights by utilizing the difference of specific gravity between the molten slag and the molten iron, the molten iron enters the pig casting machine to be cast into blocks, and the molten slag enters the slag flushing tank to realize slag-iron separation.
As an optimal technical scheme, a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated in the reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace in the step 2) and the melting and separating process of the submerged arc furnace in the step 4), the temperature of the flue gas reaches 1000-1150 ℃, residual energy is recovered by arranging a waste heat boiler on an outlet flue, and power is generated by using the residual heat, so that great economic and energy-saving benefits are achieved.
As a preferred technical scheme, the reducing agent is a mixture of limestone and reduced coal; the adhesive is a mixture of bentonite and sodium humate.
The method for recovering valuable metals in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag comprises the following steps of 1) mechanically activating, crushing and grinding the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag and a reducing agent by using mechanical activation equipment, mechanically activating to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 0.074mm and the content of more than 80%, feeding the material into a batching system, adding an adhesive, feeding the material into a mixing and pelletizing system to obtain green pellets, and feeding the green pellets into a chain grate machine for drying, dehydrating and preheating to meet the technical requirement of reducing the green pellets in a rotary hearth furnace;
2) reducing in a rotary hearth furnace, feeding green pellets meeting the technical requirements into the rotary hearth furnace continuously, distributing the materials uniformly on an annular hearth, rotating at a constant speed along with the bottom of the furnace, passing the green pellets through a charging area, a drying area, a smoke exhaust area, a preheating area, a medium-temperature reduction area, a high-temperature reduction area and a discharging area in sequence, changing the retention and reduction time of the green pellets in the furnace by adjusting the rotating speed of the bottom of the furnace, and reducing the green pellets in the furnace for 20-40 min;
the green pellets are subjected to reduction reaction in a rotary hearth furnace, a large amount of lead and zinc escapes through high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas finally enters a bag dust collector through a heat exchanger process, and meanwhile, hot DRI pellets are obtained;
3) the DRI output system is characterized in that two material receiving tanks are arranged below the spiral discharging machine, each material receiving tank is provided with a lifting type sealing cover, and each material receiving tank is provided with a relatively independent rail conveying line; the material receiving tank car is transported to a submerged arc furnace workshop through a track;
4) melting and separating in a submerged arc furnace: and (3) feeding the hot DRI pellets into an ore smelting furnace through a hot feeding system for melting separation, separating slag and iron to obtain molten iron and molten slag, casting the molten iron into iron blocks by an iron casting machine, and treating the molten slag to obtain water slag.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention increases the specific surface area of various materials through treatment, mixes the materials evenly, the materials are contacted fully, and the surface charges generated by activation are combined together tightly, which can bring: the using amount of the binder is reduced; the cost is reduced, the water content of the pelletizing balls is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the balling rate is improved, and the strength is increased; the reduction time can be shortened, the volatilization rate of lead and zinc is improved, and the metallization rate of the reduced pellets is increased;
by utilizing the method, iron, zinc and lead in the metallurgical slag of lead and zinc can be recovered, and secondary utilization of the metallurgical slag is realized; meanwhile, high-temperature steam generated in the processes of reduction of the rotary hearth furnace and melting and separating of the submerged arc furnace is utilized for recovering waste energy and generating power by utilizing waste heat, so that green and low-carbon metallurgy is realized;
aiming at the problems that minerals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag are closely symbiotic and have fine embedded particle size, separation and recovery of iron, lead and zinc are difficult to realize by a conventional method, mechanical activation batching and high-compactness alkaline refractory rotary hearth furnace reduction are performed, pellet ore is fed into a submerged arc furnace by a DRI output system to perform a melting and separating combined treatment process, lead and zinc dust is recovered by high-temperature flue gas, metallic iron and molten slag are obtained after melting and separating, the grade of the obtained iron is more than 93%, the recovery rate exceeds 85%, the dezincification rate is more than 88%, the deleading rate is more than 85%, high-efficiency utilization of iron, zinc and lead is realized, and resource waste is avoided; meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas generated by the rotary hearth furnace system and the submerged arc furnace system is subjected to waste energy recycling and waste heat power generation, so that the utilization efficiency of fossil energy is greatly improved, green and low-carbon metallurgy is realized, and great economic and social benefits are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a rotary hearth furnace reduction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the DRI output system layout of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the melting and separating process of the submerged arc furnace of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make up for the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a method for recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag to solve the problems in the background art.
A method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag comprises the following steps:
1) mechanical activation, namely crushing and grinding the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag and a reducing agent by using mechanical activation equipment, performing mechanical activation to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 0.074mm and the content of more than 80%, feeding the material into a batching system, adding an adhesive, feeding the material into a mixing and pelletizing system to obtain green pellets, and feeding the green pellets into a chain grate for drying, dehydrating and preheating to meet the technical requirement of the green pellets on reduction in a rotary hearth furnace;
2) reducing in a rotary hearth furnace, feeding green pellets meeting the technical requirements into the rotary hearth furnace continuously, distributing the materials uniformly on an annular hearth, rotating at a constant speed along with the bottom of the furnace, passing the green pellets through a charging area, a drying area, a smoke exhaust area, a preheating area, a medium-temperature reduction area, a high-temperature reduction area and a discharging area in sequence, changing the retention and reduction time of the green pellets in the furnace by adjusting the rotating speed of the bottom of the furnace, and reducing the green pellets in the furnace for 20-40 min;
the green pellets are subjected to reduction reaction in a rotary hearth furnace, a large amount of lead and zinc escapes through high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas finally enters a bag dust collector through a heat exchanger process, and meanwhile, hot DRI pellets are obtained;
3) the DRI output system is characterized in that two material receiving tanks are arranged below the spiral discharging machine, each material receiving tank is provided with a lifting type sealing cover, and each material receiving tank is provided with a relatively independent rail conveying line; the material receiving tank car is transported to a submerged arc furnace workshop through a track;
4) melting and separating in a submerged arc furnace: and (3) feeding the hot DRI pellets into an ore smelting furnace through a hot feeding system for melting separation, separating slag and iron to obtain molten iron and molten slag, casting the molten iron into iron blocks by an iron casting machine, and treating the molten slag to obtain water slag.
A high-compactness alkaline resistant material is adopted in the rotary hearth furnace;
the zinc content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag in the step 1) is more than or equal to 6%, and the lead content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag is more than or equal to 2%.
After being levigated, the high-lead and high-zinc smelting slag and the reducing agent are fully mixed with the adhesive through a mixer, and then are pelletized by a disc pelletizer to obtain green pellets with the diameter of 8-16 mm, and the moisture content is 9-12%.
And in the step 1), the green pellets entering the chain grate machine are dried, dehydrated and preheated by adopting a flue gas furnace system, physical water and crystal water in the green pellets are removed, the magnetite oxidation is carried out simultaneously, the moisture of the dried green pellets is less than 1.5%, and the temperature is less than 150 ℃.
And discharging the hot DRI pellets in the step 2) out of the rotary hearth furnace through a spiral discharging machine.
After the DRI pellets in the step 3) enter the charging bucket through the rotary discharging machine, the liftable sealing cover is lowered, so that secondary oxidation of the DRI pellets is avoided; after one material receiving tank is full, the other material receiving tank is automatically switched to, and the circulation is repeated.
Each submerged arc furnace for melting by the submerged arc furnace is provided with 1 iron outlet and 1 slag outlet, each slag and iron outlet is provided with one opening and plugging machine, the molten iron and the molten slag are separated by arranging the furnace outlets with different heights according to the different specific gravity of the molten slag and the molten iron, the molten iron enters the pig casting machine to be cast into blocks, and the molten slag enters the slag flushing tank to realize slag-iron separation.
And 2) generating a large amount of high-temperature flue gas in the reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace in the step 2) and the melting and separating process of the submerged arc furnace in the step 4), wherein the temperature of the flue gas is as high as 1000-1150 ℃, residual energy is recovered by arranging a waste heat boiler on an outlet flue, and power is generated by utilizing the residual heat, so that the method has great economic and energy-saving benefits.
The reducing agent is a mixture of limestone and reduced coal; the adhesive is a mixture of bentonite and sodium humate.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example (b):
the lead-zinc smelting slag is obtained from a certain smelting plant of Yunnan Huading, and comprises the following chemical components:
analysis of high zinc high lead zinc smelting slag composition%
1. Feeding the high-zinc high-lead-zinc smelting slag, limestone and reducing coal by a grab bucket, and conveying the high-zinc high-lead-zinc smelting slag, the limestone and the reducing coal to a fine grinding chamber by a large-inclination-angle belt conveyor, wherein the fine grinding chamber is provided with three ore grinding machines which respectively correspond to the high-zinc high-lead-zinc smelting slag, the limestone and the reducing coal; the content of less than 200 meshes in the finely ground material is more than 80 percent.
2. Conveying the finely ground materials to a bag dust collector at the top of a batching chamber by a fan system, and conveying the materials to corresponding batching bins by a discharge screw for batching in proportion; conveying bentonite and sodium humate to a batching bin by a tank truck, wherein the bentonite and the sodium humate are used as binders, the batching ratio of high-zinc high-lead-zinc smelting slag, limestone, reducing coal and the binders is 100:20:5:3, the spraying ratio of the bentonite and the sodium humate in the binders is 75:25, the batching is completed, the characteristics of poor surface hydrophilicity and poor balling performance of the lead-zinc slag due to high temperature are improved, and the green ball quality is improved.
3. The materials are conveyed to a double-roller ball mill of a mechanical activation system by a batching belt below a batching chamber bin, the materials are mechanically activated and sent into a powerful mixer chamber, and the materials are fully mixed and then fed into a disc pelletizer for pelletizing to obtain green pellets with the diameter of 8-16 mm and the water content of 9-12%.
4. Raw pellets are fed into a chain grate machine through a shuttle distributor and a wide belt, a heat source required by the chain grate machine is mainly provided by a flue gas furnace, and the temperature of the flue gas is 300-350 ℃; the water content after drying is less than or equal to 1.5 percent, the pellet temperature is less than 150 ℃, and the dried pellets are discharged through a slide carriage and conveyed to a rotary hearth furnace.
5. After entering a rotary hearth furnace made of high-compactness alkaline refractory, the pellets respectively pass through a preheating zone, a medium-temperature zone, a high-temperature zone and a cooling zone, mixed gas is introduced into the rotary hearth furnace, and the temperature distribution and the atmosphere in the furnace are controlled by adjusting various adjusting valves through preheated combustion-supporting air and secondary air; roasting and reducing green pellets for 20-30min, and discharging DRI pellets by a spiral discharging machine, wherein the pellet temperature is 1000 ℃. When the pellets are discharged, zinc oxide lead oxide dust escapes along with high-temperature flue gas, and finally enters the bag dust collector through the flue gas recovery system.
6. The hot DRI pellets enter the material receiving tank through the spiral discharging machine, two tank car conveying lines are relatively independent, when one material receiving tank is full, the DRI pellets automatically descend from the material receiving tank with a sealing cover and are conveyed to a submerged arc furnace workshop, and the discharging device is automatically switched to the other material receiving tank to circularly receive materials; periodically, quantitatively and stably transporting the high-temperature DRI pellets produced by the rotary hearth furnace to a storage bin of the submerged arc furnace.
After the melting and separating operation, each submerged arc furnace is provided with 1 iron outlet and 1 slag outlet, each slag and iron outlet is provided with one opening and blocking machine, the molten iron and the molten slag are separated by utilizing the specific gravity difference between the molten slag and the molten iron and arranging the furnace outlets with different heights, the molten iron enters the pig casting machine to be cast into blocks, and the molten slag enters the slag flushing tank to realize the slag-iron separation. The final product obtained was: the iron grade is more than 93 percent, the recovery rate is more than 85 percent, the dezincification rate is more than 88 percent, and the deleading rate is more than 85 percent.
7. A large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated in the reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace and the melting and separating process of the submerged arc furnace, the temperature of the flue gas reaches 1000-1150 ℃, residual energy is recovered by arranging the waste heat boiler on the outlet flue, and power is generated by utilizing the residual heat, so that the rotary hearth furnace has great economic and energy-saving benefits.
In the embodiment, 1 rotary hearth furnace and 2 submerged arc furnaces are arranged, and 1 set of waste heat boiler is arranged behind the rotary hearth furnace; 1 set of waste heat boiler is arranged behind each ore-smelting furnace.
The examples were subjected to the following comparative experiments
Experimental group 1 used the method of the above example;
the experimental group 2 adopts the method of the embodiment, but the content ratio of the grain diameter of the finely ground material which is less than 0.074mm is less than 50%, the finely ground material is sent into a batching mixer to be mixed, and the finely ground material is sent into a disc pelletizer to be pelletized, so that green pellets with the grain diameter of 8-16 mm are obtained;
the following table is obtained through tests
As can be seen from the above table, the specific surface area of various materials is increased and uniformly mixed by the treatment of the invention, the materials are fully contacted, and the surface charges generated by activation are tightly combined together, so that the method can bring about: the using amount of the binder is reduced; the cost is reduced, the water content of the pelletizing balls is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the balling rate is improved, and the strength is increased; the reduction time can be shortened, the volatilization rates of lead and zinc are improved, and the metallization rate of the reduced pellets is increased.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering valuable metals in high-zinc high-lead smelting slag is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) mechanical activation, namely crushing and grinding the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag and a reducing agent by using mechanical activation equipment, performing mechanical activation to obtain a material with the particle size of less than 0.074mm and the content of more than 80%, feeding the material into a batching system, adding an adhesive, feeding the material into a mixing and pelletizing system to obtain green pellets, and feeding the green pellets into a chain grate for drying, dehydrating and preheating to meet the technical requirement of the green pellets on reduction in a rotary hearth furnace;
2) reducing in a rotary hearth furnace, wherein the rotary hearth furnace is a high-compactness alkali-resistant rotary hearth furnace, raw pellet pellets meeting technical requirements are continuously fed into the rotary hearth furnace, are uniformly distributed on an annular hearth and rotate at a constant speed along with the bottom of the furnace, the raw pellet sequentially passes through a loading area, a drying area, a smoke exhaust area, a preheating area, a medium-temperature reducing area, a high-temperature reducing area and a discharging area, the staying reduction time of the raw pellet in the furnace is changed by adjusting the rotation speed of the bottom of the furnace, and the reduction time of the raw pellet in the furnace is 20-40 min;
the green pellets are subjected to reduction reaction in a rotary hearth furnace, a large amount of lead and zinc escapes through high-temperature flue gas, the high-temperature flue gas finally enters a bag dust collector through a heat exchanger process, and meanwhile, hot DRI pellets are obtained;
3) the DRI output system is characterized in that two material receiving tanks are arranged below the spiral discharging machine, each material receiving tank is provided with a lifting type sealing cover, and each material receiving tank is provided with a relatively independent rail conveying line; the material receiving tank car is transported to a submerged arc furnace workshop through a track;
4) melting and separating in a submerged arc furnace: and (3) feeding the hot DRI pellets into an ore smelting furnace through a hot feeding system for melting separation, separating slag and iron to obtain molten iron and molten slag, casting the molten iron into iron blocks by an iron casting machine, and treating the molten slag to obtain water slag.
2. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: the mechanical activation equipment is one or more of a vertical mill, a stirring mill, a double-roller ball mill and a ball mill.
3. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: the zinc content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag in the step 1) is more than or equal to 6%, and the lead content in the high-zinc high-lead smelting slag is more than or equal to 2%.
4. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: after being levigated, the high-lead and high-zinc smelting slag and the reducing agent are fully mixed with the adhesive through a mixer, and then are pelletized by a disc pelletizer to obtain green pellets with the diameter of 8-16 mm, and the moisture content is 9-12%.
5. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: and in the step 1), the green pellets entering the chain grate machine are dried, dehydrated and preheated by adopting a flue gas furnace system, physical water and crystal water in the green pellets are removed, the magnetite oxidation is carried out simultaneously, the moisture of the dried green pellets is less than 1.5%, and the temperature is less than 150 ℃.
6. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: and discharging the hot DRI pellets in the step 2) out of the rotary hearth furnace through a spiral discharging machine.
7. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: after the DRI pellets in the step 3) enter the charging bucket through the rotary discharging machine, the liftable sealing cover is lowered, so that secondary oxidation of the DRI pellets is avoided; after one material receiving tank is full, the other material receiving tank is automatically switched to, and the circulation is repeated.
8. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: each submerged arc furnace for melting by the submerged arc furnace is provided with 1 iron outlet and 1 slag outlet, each slag and iron outlet is provided with one opening and plugging machine, the molten iron and the molten slag are separated by arranging the furnace outlets with different heights according to the different specific gravity of the molten slag and the molten iron, the molten iron enters the pig casting machine to be cast into blocks, and the molten slag enters the slag flushing tank to realize slag-iron separation.
9. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: and 2) generating a large amount of high-temperature flue gas in the reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace in the step 2) and the melting and separating process of the submerged arc furnace in the step 4), wherein the temperature of the flue gas is as high as 1000-1150 ℃, residual energy is recovered by arranging a waste heat boiler on an outlet flue, and power is generated by utilizing the residual heat, so that the method has great economic and energy-saving benefits.
10. The method of recovering valuable metals from high-zinc high-lead smelting slag according to claim 1, characterized by: the reducing agent is a mixture of limestone and reduced coal; the adhesive is a mixture of bentonite and sodium humate.
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| AU2022200483A AU2022200483B1 (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-26 | Method for recovering valuable metal from high-zinc and high-lead smelting slag |
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| CN115786728A (en) * | 2023-01-29 | 2023-03-14 | 中南大学 | Method for strengthening reduction recovery of valuable metals in high-zinc melt |
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| CN105671329A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-15 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Rotary hearth furnace and method for treating lead-zinc smelting slag |
| CN111979424A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-24 | 云南华鼎再生资源开发有限公司 | Metallurgy method of high-sulfur lead slag containing zinc and tin |
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| JP2001152222A (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | Discharge device for reducing furnace |
| US7938882B2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2011-05-10 | Midrex Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for the supply of hot direct reduced iron for multiple uses |
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| CN105671329A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-15 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Rotary hearth furnace and method for treating lead-zinc smelting slag |
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