CN115448311A - Iron-loaded activated carbon and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Iron-loaded activated carbon and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 25
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 21
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001447 ferric ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000696 methanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009283 thermal hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
- C01B32/348—Metallic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/08—Ferroso-ferric oxide [Fe3O4]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses iron-loaded activated carbon and a preparation method and application thereof, and the iron-loaded activated carbon comprises the following steps: s1, pretreating organic waste to remove inorganic matters and crushing the organic waste to form organic slurry with uniform particles; s2, mixing the organic slurry with ferric trichloride, and stirring and dipping for 6-24 hours at room temperature; s3, after the impregnation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry to obtain a mud cake; s4, extruding and shaping the mud cakes, and carrying out anaerobic calcination, wherein nitrogen is introduced for protection in the anaerobic calcination process, the carbonization temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6h, so as to obtain a carbonized material; and S5, cooling and grinding the carbonized material to obtain the iron-loaded activated carbon. The method has the advantages of economic and reasonable preparation method, simple preparation flow and good methane generation promoting effect of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic waste recycling treatment, in particular to iron-loaded activated carbon and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The anaerobic digestion can efficiently degrade organic wastes and simultaneously generate biogas, can inactivate part of pathogenic bacteria and parasitic ova, and is a green and economic treatment mode. However, the reaction period of the traditional anaerobic digestion is long, the methane yield is low, and particularly for high-nitrogen organic wastes and high-organic matter and high-nitrogen organic wastewater, acid inhibition and ammonia inhibition often occur, so that the biogas production efficiency is low and even the system is broken down.
In the anaerobic digestion process, the metabolic speed difference between the anaerobic production process and the methanogenesis process is large, so that volatile organic acid generated by acid-producing bacteria cannot be metabolized by methanogenesis bacteria in time, and further system acid accumulation is caused. In recent years, researches show that the addition of the conductive material can promote the inter-species electron transfer to promote the formation of methane and relieve the accumulation of acid. Such inter-species electron transfer is not mediated by diffusive electron carriers, but rather by direct transfer of electrons to methanogens by the conductive material. The process of electron transfer between these microorganisms without the need of electron carriers such as hydrogen, formic acid, etc. is called direct inter-seed electron transfer (DIET). The surface of the iron-loaded activated carbon is loaded with a certain amount of iron and iron oxide active components, so that active sites are greatly increased, the conductivity is strong, and DIET among digestive microorganisms is enhanced so as to store methane; in addition, the activated carbon has huge specific surface area and abundant functional groups, can quickly adsorb organic compounds and ammonia nitrogen, relieve the adverse effect of overhigh concentration of organic acid or ammonia nitrogen on anaerobic digestion, and provide conditions for degrading organic matters for microorganisms on the surface of the activated carbon; meanwhile, a large amount of anaerobic bacteria can be adsorbed, and methanogenic bacteria can be effectively enriched to promote the anaerobic gas production efficiency.
Patent CN110182944A mentions loading iron ions on the finished granular carbon by coprecipitation. The invention is prepared by immersing the finished product of granular activated carbon into a solution of ferric salt and ferrous salt, carrying out coprecipitation reaction for a certain time, and then cleaning and drying solid matters. The performance of iron-loaded activated carbon is limited by the type and performance of the finished granular carbon itself; and iron ions in the iron-loaded granular carbon prepared by the method are not roasted at high temperature, and part of iron falls off from the activated carbon matrix in the adsorption experiment process.
Chinese patent CN107522375A mentions a method of promoting anaerobic digestion of sludge by adding zero-valent iron and activated carbon simultaneously. The iron powder and the activated carbon powder in the invention are added according to a specific proportion, and zero-valent iron is easy to agglomerate in a reactor to cause activity limitation.
Chinese patent CN111876173A mentions that the excess sludge is impregnated into FeCl 3 Neutralizing the solution with sodium bicarbonate to pH 7.0, dewatering the sludge, washing with high purity water, dewatering, washing for three times, and carbonizing to obtain iron-carrying carbon powder. The preparation method of the invention is complicated, and a large amount of chemical agents and high-purity water are consumed after washing for many times.
In view of the defects, the invention provides a preparation method of iron-loaded activated carbon, and the prepared iron-loaded activated carbon powder is added into an anaerobic digestion system to promote methane generation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of the iron-loaded activated carbon, which is economic and reasonable, has simple preparation flow and good methane generation promoting effect of the product, and organic waste is recycled and prepared into the iron-loaded activated carbon. In addition, the invention also provides iron-loaded activated carbon which is used for promoting methane generation in an anaerobic digestion reaction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of iron-loaded activated carbon, which comprises the following steps:
s1, directly pretreating organic waste with a solid content of 5-25% to remove inorganic matters and crush the organic waste into pasty organic slurry with uniform particles, wherein the particle size is controlled to be less than 10 mm;
s2, adding ferric trichloride into the organic slurry under a stirring state, mixing, stirring and dipping for 6-24 hours at room temperature, so that the organic slurry fully absorbs ferric ions, and the dipping effect can be enhanced through ultrasonic waves in the dipping process;
s3, after the impregnation is finished, performing solid-liquid separation on the slurry by using equipment such as a plate and frame filter press, a high-pressure belt filter press, a vertical press, a vacuum filter press and the like to obtain a mud cake;
s4, directly extruding and shaping the mud cakes without further drying so as to reduce the subsequent raised dust in the anaerobic calcination process, sending the extruded strip sample into a carbonization and activation integrated furnace (a multi-section rake furnace or a rotary kiln) for anaerobic calcination, and introducing nitrogen for protection in the anaerobic calcination process, wherein the carbonization temperature is 400-700 ℃, the carbonization time is 2-6h, so that organic matters are converted into biochar, and ferric iron is converted into ferroferric oxide to obtain a carbonized material;
and S5, cooling and grinding the carbonized material to obtain the iron-loaded activated carbon.
Specifically, in the step S2, the weight ratio of the dry basis to the ferric trichloride in the organic slurry is 1: (0.5-2). The ferric chloride added may be in powder or solution form.
Specifically, in the step S3, after the solid-liquid separation is performed on the slurry, the solid content of the obtained mud cake is 50-70%.
Specifically, in the step S3, the filtrate obtained by performing solid-liquid separation on the slurry can be reused as an iron source for impregnating organic waste because the filtrate contains a certain amount of ferric trichloride.
Specifically, in the step S1, the pretreatment steps include, but are not limited to, sorting to remove inorganic particles (screening large-particle inorganic substances, precipitating to remove small-particle inorganic substances), crushing by a crusher or a pulping machine, pulping by adding water, and removing grease by using a three-phase separation device.
Specifically, in step S1, the organic waste may be organic solid waste or organic liquid waste, which includes but is not limited to municipal sludge, livestock and poultry manure, and kitchen waste.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an iron-loaded activated carbon prepared by any one of the above-mentioned preparation methods, wherein the iron-loaded activated carbon is in the form of powder having a particle size of 10 to 100 mesh.
In a third aspect of the present invention, an application of the iron-loaded activated carbon is provided, wherein the iron-loaded activated carbon is used in anaerobic digestion reaction to promote methane production, and the anaerobic digestion system is various anaerobic digestion systems such as municipal sludge wet anaerobic system, livestock and poultry manure dry anaerobic system, kitchen wet anaerobic system, kitchen waste dry anaerobic system, and kitchen waste dry anaerobic system.
Specifically, the application steps of the iron-loaded activated carbon are as follows:
(1) Pretreating organic waste with a solid content of 5-25% (such as screening, pulping, sand settling and impurity removal, oil extraction and the like) to obtain organic slurry, conveying the organic slurry into an anaerobic reactor, adding iron-loaded activated carbon into the anaerobic reactor, wherein the iron-loaded activated carbon can be directly added as powder or added as a solution with a concentration of 20-40%, and controlling the weight ratio of the iron-loaded activated carbon in the anaerobic reactor to dry basis in the organic waste to be (1-4): 20;
(2) Normal anaerobic digestion treatment is carried out in the anaerobic reactor, other special treatment is not needed, the yield of the methane and the content of the methane in the methane are improved, and the total yield of the methane is promoted to be improved by 10-80%.
Specifically, in the step (2), the digestion liquid generated in the anaerobic digestion treatment process is discharged out of the anaerobic reactor, the iron-loaded activated carbon is discharged along with the digestion liquid, the dissolution rate of the iron-loaded activated carbon in water is low, biogas residues are intercepted through solid-liquid separation, and the biogas residues can be further used as raw materials for preparing the iron-loaded activated carbon after dehydration treatment to form a closed loop, so that the possible harm of the biogas residues to the environment is avoided; and the biogas slurry separated from solid and liquid is used as wastewater for subsequent treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method is economical and reasonable, has simple preparation flow, has good methane generation promoting effect of the product, can reduce various pollutions generated in the preparation process, realizes two resource technologies (iron-loaded activated carbon preparation and anaerobic digestion) of the same raw materials, combines and mutually promotes the two resource technologies, and really realizes the reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and resource of pollutants.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the iron-loaded activated carbon of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the application of the iron-loaded activated carbon in an anaerobic digestion system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
An iron-loaded activated carbon is prepared by taking organic waste-cow dung as a raw material and is applied to a cow dung dry anaerobic digestion system, and the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) Stirring and mixing the cow dung to obtain cow dung slurry with the water content of 20 wt%;
(2) According to the proportion that the dry basis of ferric trichloride/cow dung is 0.8:1, adding ferric trichloride powder into the cow dung slurry under the stirring state, stirring and dipping for 18 hours at room temperature, keeping low-speed stirring in the dipping process, and adopting ultrasonic wave to strengthen dipping for 10 minutes every 1 hour so that the cow dung slurry fully absorbs ferric ions;
(3) Pumping the dipped cow dung slurry into a plate and frame type filter press, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry, squeezing until the water content of a mud cake is 38wt%, and then molding the mud cake into a cylindrical mud strip with the diameter of 10mm by a noodle maker;
(4) Sending the cylindrical mud strip into a multi-section rake type carbonization and activation integrated furnace through a belt conveyor, heating the cylindrical mud strip to 680 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, introducing nitrogen for protection, discharging after maintaining the carbonization and activation time for 4 hours, and discharging the material after indirectly exchanging heat to 80 ℃;
(5) Feeding the carbonized material into a Raymond mill for grinding and screening, and obtaining an iron-loaded activated carbon finished product after sieving with a particle size of 50 meshes;
(6) Stirring and mixing the cow dung until the water content is 10wt%, adding the iron-loaded activated carbon according to the proportion that the dry basis of the iron-loaded activated carbon/cow dung is 10wt%, and feeding the mixed slurry into a CSTR anaerobic reaction tank for medium-temperature anaerobic digestion.
In the present example, the component contents of fresh cow dung are shown in table 1, and the physicochemical properties of the iron-loaded activated carbon prepared from cow dung are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 fresh cow dung composition content
| Total solids | Volatile substance | Total nitrogen | Total organic carbon | Total phosphorus |
| 18％ | 81％ | 0.6％ | 15％ | 0.3％ |
TABLE 2 physicochemical properties of iron-loaded activated carbon prepared from cow dung
| Yield of | pH | Ash content | Zeta potential |
| 35％ | 7.6 | 23％ | -29mV |
Example 2
Compared with embodiment 1, the main differences of the present embodiment are as follows:
in the step (6), the iron-loaded activated carbon is added according to the proportion that the dry basis of the iron-loaded activated carbon/cow dung is 5 wt%.
Example 3
Compared with embodiment 1, the main differences of the present embodiment are as follows:
in the step (6), the iron-loaded activated carbon is added according to the proportion that the dry basis in the iron-loaded activated carbon/cow dung is 15 wt%.
Example 4
This example is a blank control group, and compared with example 1, the main differences are that:
in the step (6), iron-loaded activated carbon is not added.
The amount of methane produced by the anaerobic digestion of cow dung in the dry anaerobic digestion system of cow dung in examples 1-4 was determined, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 amount of methane produced by anaerobic digestion of cow dung
As can be seen from the test results in table 3, compared with example 4 (blank control), the iron-loaded activated carbon added in examples 1 to 3 can effectively improve the biogas yield and the methane content in the biogas during the anaerobic digestion process of cow dung.
Example 5
An iron-loaded activated carbon is prepared by taking organic waste-kitchen waste as a raw material and is applied to a sludge wet anaerobic digestion system, and the method comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) The kitchen waste is subjected to pretreatment processes of rough separation, crushing by a crusher, pulping by adding water, screening slurry, settling sand, removing impurities, heating, extracting oil and the like, then coarse waste, gravel impurities and other unutilized substances are removed, crude oil is extracted by a three-phase separation device to obtain organic liquid phase slag and organic solid phase slag, and the organic solid phase slag with the solid content of 22wt% is separated to be used as a raw material to carry out the next process;
(2) According to the proportion that the dry basis of ferric trichloride/cow dung is 1.2:1, adding ferric trichloride powder into solid-phase organic slag with the solid content of 22wt%, stirring and soaking at room temperature for 24 hours, and keeping low-speed stirring in the soaking process to ensure that the cattle manure slurry fully absorbs ferric ions;
(3) Pumping the organic solid-phase slag into a vertical press after impregnation, performing solid-liquid separation on the organic solid-phase slag until the water content of the mud cake is 33wt%, and then molding the mud cake into a cylindrical mud strip with the diameter of 8mm through a noodle maker;
(4) Feeding the cylindrical mud strips into a rotary kiln type carbonization and activation integrated furnace through a belt conveyor, maintaining the carbonization and activation temperature at 640 ℃, introducing nitrogen for protection, discharging after 3 hours of carbonization and activation, and discharging after indirect heat exchange of materials to 80 ℃;
(5) Feeding the carbonized material into a Raymond mill for grinding and screening, and obtaining the finished product of the iron-loaded activated carbon with the particle size of 30 meshes after screening;
(6) Diluting the sludge with the water content of 80wt% to the water content of 90wt%, carrying out thermal hydrolysis reaction at 170 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, adding iron-loaded activated carbon according to the proportion of 8wt% of iron-loaded activated carbon/sludge dry basis before feeding the sludge into an anaerobic digestion tank, and feeding the mixed slurry into a CSTR anaerobic reaction tank for medium-temperature anaerobic digestion.
In this example, the component content of the kitchen waste is shown in table 4, and the physicochemical properties of the iron-loaded activated carbon prepared from the kitchen waste are shown in table 5.
TABLE 4 kitchen garbage main composition
| Composition (I) | Moisture content | Oil and fat | Domestic garbage | Solid organic matter | Total up to |
| Content (wt.) | 82％ | 3-4％ | 5％ | 9-10％ | 100％ |
TABLE 5 physicochemical Properties of iron-loaded activated carbon prepared from kitchen garbage
| Yield of the product | pH | Ash content | Zeta potential |
| 38％ | 7.1 | 25％ | -27mV |
Example 6
The main differences of this example compared with example 5 are:
in the step (6), the iron-loaded activated carbon is added according to the proportion that the dry basis in the iron-loaded activated carbon/sludge is 5 wt%.
Example 7
The main differences of this example compared with example 5 are:
in the step (6), the iron-loaded activated carbon is added according to the proportion that the dry basis in the iron-loaded activated carbon/sludge is 12 wt%.
Example 8
This example is a blank control group, and compared with example 5, the main differences are that:
in the step (6), iron-loaded activated carbon is not added.
The amount of methane produced by anaerobic digestion of sludge in the wet anaerobic digestion system for sludge in examples 5-8 was determined and the results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 wet anaerobic digestion of sludge to yield methane
As can be seen from the test results in table 6, compared with example 8 (blank control), examples 5-7 can effectively increase the biogas yield and the methane content in the biogas during the wet anaerobic digestion of the sludge due to the addition of the iron-loaded activated carbon.
In conclusion, the preparation method is economical and reasonable, has simple preparation process, has good methane generation promoting effect of the product, can reduce various pollutions generated in the preparation process, realizes two resource technologies (iron-loaded activated carbon preparation and anaerobic digestion) of the same raw materials, combines and mutually promotes the two resource technologies, and really realizes the reduction, harmlessness, stabilization and resource of pollutants.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid understanding of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the iron-loaded activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreating organic waste to remove inorganic matters and crushing the organic waste to form organic slurry with uniform particles;
s2, mixing the organic slurry with ferric trichloride, and stirring and soaking for 6-24 hours at room temperature;
s3, after the impregnation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation on the slurry to obtain a mud cake;
s4, extruding and shaping the mud cakes, and carrying out anaerobic calcination, wherein nitrogen is introduced for protection in the anaerobic calcination process, the carbonization temperature is 400-700 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6h, so as to obtain a carbonized material;
and S5, cooling and grinding the carbonized material to obtain the iron-loaded activated carbon.
2. The method for preparing iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the weight ratio of dry basis to ferric trichloride in the organic slurry is 1: (0.5-2).
3. The method for preparing iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the solid content of the mud cake obtained after solid-liquid separation of the slurry is 50-70%.
4. The method of preparing iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 1 or 3, wherein in step S3, a filtrate obtained by solid-liquid separation of the slurry can be reused as an iron source.
5. The method for preparing the iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the pretreatment step comprises sorting to remove inorganic particles, crushing to prepare pulp and removing grease.
6. The method for preparing iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the organic waste comprises municipal sludge, livestock and poultry manure and kitchen waste.
7. An iron-loaded activated carbon, which is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is in a powdery form and has a particle size of 10 to 100 meshes.
8. Use of an iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 7 for anaerobic digestion reactions to promote methane production.
9. The application of the iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 8, which is characterized by comprising the following specific application steps:
(1) Pretreating organic waste, conveying the organic waste into an anaerobic reactor, adding iron-loaded activated carbon into the anaerobic reactor, and controlling the weight ratio of the iron-loaded activated carbon in the anaerobic reactor to a dry basis in the organic waste to be (1-4): 20;
(2) Anaerobic digestion treatment is carried out in the anaerobic reactor.
10. The use of the iron-loaded activated carbon according to claim 9, wherein in the step (2), the digestion solution generated in the anaerobic digestion treatment process is discharged from an anaerobic reactor, biogas residues are retained through solid-liquid separation, and the biogas residues can be used as raw materials for preparing the iron-loaded activated carbon after dehydration treatment.
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