CN1154451C - 髋臼假肢 - Google Patents

髋臼假肢 Download PDF

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CN1154451C
CN1154451C CNB988140713A CN98814071A CN1154451C CN 1154451 C CN1154451 C CN 1154451C CN B988140713 A CNB988140713 A CN B988140713A CN 98814071 A CN98814071 A CN 98814071A CN 1154451 C CN1154451 C CN 1154451C
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antelabium
undercut surfaces
shell
artificial limb
bearing shell
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CN1294507A (zh
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A·克勒
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Waldemar Link GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

一种髋臼假肢，包括通过一个锁定装置(3)保持在一起的一个外壳(1)和一个轴瓦(2)。该锁定装置包括一个弹性唇缘(6)和一个与该唇缘配合作用的底切面(4)。其尺寸这样选择，即在装配状态中，唇缘顶部(9)在唇缘(6)弯曲变形时贴靠到底切面(4)上。为实现之，底切面(4)与假肢中间轴线所夹的角小于唇缘顶部(9)的变形线的角。

Description

髋臼假肢
本发明涉及一种髋臼假肢，其轴瓦通过一个锁定装置保持在一外壳中，该锁定装置包括一个在外壳上的一个底切面和一个啮合在其后面的、从轴瓦相对假肢开口侧斜向外伸出的弹性唇缘。
在已知的这种髋臼假肢中，用聚乙烯制成的轴瓦备有一个弹性夹持唇缘，该唇缘卡扣到外壳的凸起后面(US-A 5,133,764)。为了使轴瓦固定在外壳中，人们努力避免唇缘和底切面之间的所有间隙。但因为必须考虑到制造公差，这个目标无法实现。
本发明的任务是，提供一种髋臼假肢，其能无间隙地、因而能补偿公差地将轴瓦夹持在外壳中。
根据本发明，该任务借助这样一种髋臼假肢实现：其轴瓦通过一个锁定装置保持在一外壳中，该锁定装置包括一个在外壳上的一个底切面和一个啮合在其后面的、从轴瓦相对假肢开口侧斜向外伸出的弹性唇缘，其中，底切面与假肢中间轴线的夹角小于唇缘顶部的变形线在接触点处的切线与底切面的夹角，唇缘顶部在唇缘的弯曲变形力作用下自锁地贴靠到底切面上。
该变形线是唇缘顶部在唇缘弯曲变形时在底切面作用到其顶部的力的作用下运动的曲线。该曲线在接触点的方向是被底切面夹持的唇缘顶部在不存在底切面时可能的继续向外移动的方向。上述的底切面和唇缘变形线的参考方向是轴瓦的安装方向。选择哪个参考方向来比较这两个方向本身是不重要的。为简单起见，为此采用了假肢的中间轴线，其中不涉及如何在复杂的假肢形状下获得该中间轴线方向，因为其精确方向并不重要，只要其能确定即可。
在唇缘弯曲变形力的作用下，唇缘顶部沿径向尤其是沿轴线对底切面施加一个弹性力，其反作用力将轴瓦进一步压进外壳中，直到达到一挡块上的无间隙的最终位置，该挡块例如由髋臼底部构成。因此唇缘与底切面相互自锁。可理解为，唇缘与底切面的相互作用的几何比例这样选择，即，在将轴瓦从外壳中松开所需的力作用下，唇缘不能被弹性地压到底切面上向外滑动并脱扣，而是因摩擦而固定。
为了总能实现该安装位置，底切面和唇缘的尺寸应这样选择，即，即使在公差偏差最大时，唇缘也总能接触到底切面。这个条件很容易保持，因为底切面可以具有一段轴向延伸，该轴向延伸大于所有可能出现的该方向的尺寸公差。另外，底切面的用来与唇缘顶部接触的所有部位的直径都小于唇缘放松时的直径。
在已知的这种假肢中，唇缘平坦地从假肢开口侧向内伸出(US-A-5,507,828)并径向压向外壳；唇缘与接触面不能自锁，而在相对假肢开口侧轴向作用力的作用下可以向外滑动并脱扣。
轴瓦的唇缘与之相互作用的底切面可以是一凸起例如一凸缘的部分，也可以是一凹陷例如一槽尤其是一环槽的部分。该凹陷或凸起可以沿着整个周边或者仅在其部分上设置，相应地唇缘可以实施为环形唇或者由多段组成，例如指状地与凸耳状的凸起相互作用。
在伸出的实施结构中一如通常结构一采取，唇缘设置在轴瓦上而底切面设置在髋臼上，但是如果材料许可也可以反过来，唇缘设置在髋臼上而底切面设置在轴瓦上。
下面参考附图详细描述本发明，附图示出了一种优选实施例。图示为：
图1髋臼在安装的两个不同阶段的纵剖面图，
图2表示唇缘在安装时所产生的变形状态的部分截面放大图，
图3与图1相应的处于完全装配状态的纵剖面图，
图4锁定装置在装配状态的部分截面放大图，
图5唇缘接触点处的几何比例示意图。
髋臼假肢包括一个外壳1和一个轴瓦2。外壳由例如金属制成，外部以任意方式成型以适于植入到髋骨中。
轴瓦2用聚乙烯或者另一种合适的轴承材料制成。因为在这里所说的情况下该唇缘的构成应能够弹性变形。外壳1的内部构形与轴瓦2的外部构形这样对应，即轴瓦通过外壳被充分支撑。在所示例中，它们是球形的并完全贴靠在一起。这种贴靠应尽可能保障无间隙。
轴瓦2通过一锁定装置保持在外壳1中，该锁定装置在图3中整体以参考标记3表示并在图4中详细示出。它由一个底切面4和一个唇缘6构成，其中底切面4由外壳内表面中的一个槽5形成，唇缘6环绕轴瓦向外突出并与底切面4相互作用。为使唇缘6具有足够的长度，以能够得到一种适当的顺从性，其被两个槽7，8所围。唇缘具有一顶部9，与底切面4共同作用。锁定装置3位于外壳的自由边缘10附近。轴瓦2具有一个径向向外伸出的边缘法兰11，该法兰不仅起到加强的作用，而且也有助于操作者将轴瓦安装到外壳1中。该法兰的后面以很小的间隙与外壳边缘10的前面共同作用，并由此强迫在安装的最终状态接近理想的最终位置并保证唇缘6啮合入槽5中。
唇缘6在放松的原始制造好的状态(见图1左)其横截面是直的。其整个构成一个锥体，锥体的顶端朝向假肢的底部。因此唇缘相对假肢开口侧斜向上伸出。在图2中以标记A示出在放松的直线状态的外部唇缘法兰。
开始安装，唇缘6要通过一个部位13，该部位13的直径明显小于唇缘顶部9。因此唇缘受力弯曲，如图1右所示。在图2中以标记B示出该强烈弯曲的位置。
一旦唇缘到达槽5，其便通过径向伸出而锁定在该槽中，直到贴靠到底切面4上，如图4所示。唇缘的该弯曲状态在图2中以标记C示出。
在图2中还示出了线15，沿此线唇缘顶部9处于不同的变形状态。该线用来表示唇缘顶部的变形线。该底切面4这样设置，即，变形线在任何情况下都能接触到该底切面，即使在考虑到轴瓦的最大尺寸公差情况下。此外，其半径与唇缘顶部半径的比例这样选择，即，任何情况下底切面4可被唇缘顶部接触到的部分的直径都小于唇缘顶部的直径。由此保证了在安装状态，唇缘顶部在唇缘弯曲变形时总能贴靠到底切面4上。
在该位置，唇缘的变形力产生一反作用力，该反作用力进一步将轴瓦压进外壳中。由此封闭尚可能存在的间隙空间。最后这在轴瓦的机械应力作用下实现。
如果在图4中以α表示的底切面4与平行于假肢中间轴线16的参考线17的夹角，小于该参考线与唇缘顶部变形线15在接触点处的切线方向18之间的夹角β，则保证了唇缘顶部9与底切面4的共同作用。所述的切线方向在这里也就是贴靠在底切面4上的唇缘顶部9可能进一步移动的方向。
为使唇缘顶部贴靠到底切面4上，槽5的内界面20与唇缘6总是保持足够的距离。
如果选择唇缘6与底切面4相互作用的角度使得产生自锁，或者至少使唇缘6在底切面4上能沿安装方向向回滑动的力大于安装假肢时所需的松开力，则保证了轴瓦2总能无间隙地保持在外壳1中。为此不需要使唇缘6长期保持在安装后仍起作用的弹性力。相反，如果采用聚乙烯或类似材料，则该力可逐渐减小。而这并不影响或不明显影响夹持作用。
角度α最好位于15°到40°之间，更优选的是20°到30°之间。角度α和β之间的差值最好不大于30°，优选在20°的量级。

Claims (2)

1.髋臼假肢，其轴瓦(2)通过一个锁定装置(3)保持在一外壳(1)中，该锁定装置包括一个在外壳(1)上的一个底切面(4)和一个啮合在其后面的、从轴瓦(2)相对假肢开口侧斜向外伸出的弹性唇缘(6)，其特征在于，底切面(4)与假肢中间轴线(16)的夹角(α)小于唇缘顶部的变形线(15)在接触点(19)处的切线(18)与底切面的夹角，唇缘顶部(9)在唇缘的弯曲变形力作用下自锁地贴靠到底切面(4)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假肢，其特征在于，底切面(4)通过一槽(5)形成。
CNB988140713A 1998-05-25 1998-05-25 髋臼假肢 Expired - Lifetime CN1154451C (zh)

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