CN115444023B - Self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns - Google Patents
Self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns Download PDFInfo
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- CN115444023B CN115444023B CN202210926116.2A CN202210926116A CN115444023B CN 115444023 B CN115444023 B CN 115444023B CN 202210926116 A CN202210926116 A CN 202210926116A CN 115444023 B CN115444023 B CN 115444023B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C29/00—Processing shellfish or bivalves, e.g. oysters, lobsters; Devices therefor, e.g. claw locks, claw crushers, grading devices; Processing lines
- A22C29/02—Processing shrimps, lobsters or the like ; Methods or machines for the shelling of shellfish
- A22C29/024—Opening, shelling or peeling shellfish
- A22C29/026—Mechanically peeling and shelling shrimps, prawns or other soft-shelled crustaceans
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C29/00—Processing shellfish or bivalves, e.g. oysters, lobsters; Devices therefor, e.g. claw locks, claw crushers, grading devices; Processing lines
- A22C29/02—Processing shrimps, lobsters or the like ; Methods or machines for the shelling of shellfish
- A22C29/021—Cleaning operations on shellfish, e.g. evisceration, brushing
- A22C29/022—Deveining shellfish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C29/00—Processing shellfish or bivalves, e.g. oysters, lobsters; Devices therefor, e.g. claw locks, claw crushers, grading devices; Processing lines
- A22C29/02—Processing shrimps, lobsters or the like ; Methods or machines for the shelling of shellfish
- A22C29/023—Conveying, feeding or aligning shellfish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns, comprising: a frame; the feeding hopper is arranged on the rack and is used for realizing smooth change of the downward sliding direction of the prawns and constraint of the side postures of the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack corresponding to the feeding hopper, is used for bidirectional conveying and is used for ensuring split conveying of different ventral backs towards the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism comprises a double-circular-belt conveying mechanism, a spacing adjusting mechanism and an abdomen-back splitting mechanism, wherein the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism is positioned above the spacing adjusting mechanism, and the abdomen-back splitting mechanism is arranged below the spacing adjusting mechanism; and the peeling mechanism is arranged on the frame and comprises an upper peeling mechanism and a lower peeling mechanism which are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the two-way conveying tail ends of the directional conveying mechanism and used for separating the shells, the intestines and the shelled shrimps from different belly-back directions of split conveying to obtain complete and clean shelled shrimps. The invention realizes the whole process mechanization of the directional shelling of the integrated prawns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preliminary processing technology of aquatic products, in particular to a self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns.
Background
The penaeus vannamei is a global main economic shrimp, and along with the development of the shrimp processing industry and the rise of labor cost, the traditional production mode of manual processing cannot meet the requirement of large-scale production of the penaeus vannamei, and the mechanized initial processing of the penaeus vannamei becomes a main development direction. The initial processing process of the prawn is divided into four parts of cleaning, grading, removing heads and peeling, wherein peeling is an important link of the initial processing of the prawn. The final purpose of the peeling is to obtain complete and contaminant free shelled shrimps, thus requiring removal of the gut and crust. The directional shelling generally comprises the procedures of sequencing and orienting, clamping, back opening, removing intestinal lines, kernel taking and the like, and can sequentially remove the intestinal lines and shrimp shells. The directional peeling of the prawns can produce complete and higher-quality peeled prawns, but the directional feeding link still highly depends on manual work, the directional peeling is a mode of cooperative cooperation of manual orientation and mechanical peeling, single directional feeding is realized by manually grabbing the prawns, and then back opening, intestinal line removing and kernel taking processes are carried out by a mechanical mechanism. Due to the influence of factors such as irregular shape, different postures, fragile meat quality and easy damage of the prawns, the mechanical orientation of the prawns is difficult to realize, and a complete device suitable for ordering and directional peeling of the prawns does not exist. The method has the advantages that the problems of weak process, lack of key devices and the like in the aspect of mechanical orientation of the prawns are solved, the automatic orientation is a short plate link for realizing the whole-process mechanization of the directional peeling of the prawns, and the method is a key factor for influencing the peeling quality and efficiency improvement of the prawns. The problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and easy shrimp meat pollution exist by relying on manual sequencing and orientation. Therefore, the mechanical aspect of the prawn shelling technology is not completely realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the technical problems of the prior art, and provides a self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns, which can finish the procedures of head-tail and abdomen-back orientation, self-adaptive clamping, back opening, intestinal line removing, kernel taking and the like of the prawns, and realize the mechanized directional shelling of the prawns.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns, comprising:
a frame;
the feeding hopper is arranged on the rack and is used for realizing smooth change of the downward sliding direction of the prawns and constraint of the side postures of the prawns;
the directional conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack corresponding to the feeding hopper and is used for bidirectional conveying and is used for ensuring split conveying of different ventral backs towards the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism comprises a double-circular-belt conveying mechanism, a spacing adjusting mechanism and an abdomen-back shunting mechanism, wherein the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism is positioned above the spacing adjusting mechanism, and the abdomen-back shunting mechanism is arranged below the spacing adjusting mechanism; and
the shelling mechanism is arranged on the frame and comprises an upper shelling mechanism and a lower shelling mechanism which are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the two-way conveying tail ends of the directional conveying mechanism and used for separating shells, intestines and shelled shrimps from the different ventral-dorsal-orientation shrimps in split conveying to obtain complete and clean shelled shrimps.
The self-adaptive directional prawn peeling device comprises a frame, a distance adjusting mechanism, a double circular belt conveying mechanism, a peeling mechanism and a peeling mechanism, wherein the distance adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the directional conveying distance of the double circular belt conveying mechanism and comprises a screw rod sliding table, a sliding rail and a horizontal plate; the screw rod sliding table is connected with the movable horizontal plate and drives the movable horizontal plate to realize position adjustment relative to the fixed horizontal plate.
The self-adaptive directional shelling device for the prawns comprises a driving wheel, a large driven wheel, a small driven wheel, a circular belt, a transmission mechanism and a circular belt motor which are symmetrically arranged on the fixed horizontal plate and the movable horizontal plate respectively, wherein the two circular belts are positioned at the same height, the driving wheel is connected with the corresponding circular belt motor through the corresponding transmission mechanism, the two circular belts are respectively tensioned on the corresponding driving wheel, the large driven wheel and the small driven wheel, the corresponding driving wheel respectively drives the two circular belts to synchronously rotate, and the symmetrical support and head-tail orientation of the prawns are realized by adjusting the directional conveying distance formed between the two circular belts under the control of the movable horizontal plate.
According to the self-adaptive directional prawn peeling device, each circular belt is supported by the driving wheel, the large driven wheel and the small driven wheel to form an isosceles trapezoid structure, and the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid structure, which is close to the inner side of the circular belt, is further provided with the tensioning wheel for balancing and adjusting the insufficient tensioning of the circular belt caused by the directional conveying interval.
The self-adaptive directional prawn peeling device comprises a belly-back shunt mechanism, a peeling mechanism and a peeling mechanism, wherein the belly-back shunt mechanism comprises a photoelectric switch, a space regulating and controlling track, an electromagnetic push rod, an upper conveying track, a push sheet, an upper push belt, an upper motor, a lower conveying track and a lower push belt; the photoelectric switch is arranged below the circular belt and is used for detecting the abdominal back orientation of the prawns; the distance regulating and controlling track is connected with the electromagnetic push rod, and the electromagnetic push rod stretches and contracts to control the distance of the distance regulating and controlling track; the interval regulating and controlling track is arranged below the tail end of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism and is used for receiving the fallen prawns; the upper pushing belt and the lower pushing belt are respectively and uniformly provided with a plurality of pushing sheets, the upper conveying track is positioned above the lower conveying track and adopts stepped shunt conveying, the upper conveying track is matched with the upper pushing belt to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen right, the lower conveying track is matched with the lower pushing belt to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen left, and the directions of the abdomen faces are kept consistent with the conveying directions on the upper conveying track and the lower conveying track.
The self-adaptive directional prawn peeling device comprises an upper peeling mechanism and a lower peeling mechanism, wherein the upper peeling mechanism and the lower peeling mechanism respectively comprise a segmented clamping mechanism, a kernel taking mechanism, an intestine removing mechanism and a back opening mechanism, the segmented clamping mechanism is connected with a turntable motor and is driven by the turntable motor to rotate at a uniform speed, and directional clamping and loosening of the prawns are realized through axial opening and closing and radial circular movement; the back opening mechanism is arranged corresponding to the sectional clamping mechanism and is used for cutting open the back of the passing prawn; the sausage removing mechanism is arranged corresponding to the back opening mechanism and is used for brushing sausage lines in the shelled shrimps; the kernel taking mechanism is arranged corresponding to the intestine removing mechanism and is used for taking kernels and releasing shelled shrimps into the shelled shrimp hopper.
The self-adaptive directional shelling device for the prawns, wherein the kernel taking mechanism comprises a kernel taking needle, a crank connecting rod mechanism and a kernel taking motor; the kernel taking needle is of a flat trapezoid structure, is connected with the crank connecting rod mechanism and is driven by the crank connecting rod mechanism to reciprocate; the crank connecting rod mechanism is connected with the kernel taking motor.
The self-adaptive directional shrimp peeling device comprises an upper peeling mechanism, a lower peeling mechanism, a residual shrimp shell removing mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the upper peeling mechanism and the lower peeling mechanism further comprise residual shrimp shells removing mechanisms used for removing residual shrimp shells on the sectional clamping mechanisms, so that the sectional clamping mechanisms are kept clean when entering a new working cycle.
According to the self-adaptive directional shelling device for the prawns, the circle center of the segmented clamping mechanism is used as an origin, and the phase angles of the hairbrush of the residual shell removing mechanism, the back opening knife of the back opening mechanism, the hairbrush of the intestinal thread removing mechanism and the kernel taking needle of the kernel taking mechanism are sequentially 0 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees and 270 degrees.
The self-adaptive directional shelling device for the prawns, wherein the conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism meets the following conditions:
wherein p is 0 The feeding rate of the prawns is the unit of only per minute; t is t 8 The unit of the time for the prawn to finish the head-tail steering is s; l (L) 5 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the tail of the prawn is in mm; v 5 The unit is mm/s for the conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism; h is a 6 The height of the track is adjusted for the double circular belts and the space, and the unit is mm; l (L) 6 Adjusting tracks for spacingLength in mm; l (L) 7 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the photoelectric sensor is in mm.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention adopts a double-circular belt directional conveying structure, realizes the integration of head-to-tail directional and linear conveying of the prawns, and improves the reliability of head-to-tail directional conveying; the step type conveying structure can be used for completing the split-flow conveying of the ventral back directions of the prawns, so that the bidirectional directional conveying is realized, and the ventral back directional efficiency is improved; the directional conveying mechanism can realize automatic adjustment of the conveying interval of the shrimps, can meet the directional requirements of the shrimps with different specifications and sizes, and has the directional conveying capability of the shrimps with all specifications; the integrated prawn peeling operation of head-tail orientation, abdomen-back orientation, orientation and clamping, back opening, intestinal line removal, kernel removal and residual shell removal can be realized, the dependence on manual orientation is eliminated, and the whole-process mechanization of the prawn directional peeling is realized.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a feeding hopper according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a directional conveyor mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a back knife according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a brush roller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a kernel taking needle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the directional delivery of the present invention.
Wherein, reference numeral 1 feeding hopper
11 sliding surface
12 side constraint surface
13 support surface
14 mounting surface 2 directional conveying mechanism
21 double round belt conveying mechanism
211 driving wheel
212 large driven wheel
213 small driven wheel
214 tensioning wheel
215 circular band
216 transmission mechanism
217 round belt charger
22-pitch adjusting mechanism
221 screw rod slip table
222 slide rail
223 fixed horizontal plate
224 moving horizontal plate
23 abdomen back shunt mechanism
231 photoelectric switch
232-space regulating rail 233 electromagnetic push rod
234 upper conveying rail
235 pushing sheet
236 push-up belt
237 upper motor
238 lower motor
239 lower conveying rail
230 push belt
3 shelling mechanism
31 sectional clamping mechanism
32 mechanism for removing residual shell
33 shrimp shell hopper
34 shrimp meat hopper
35 kernel taking mechanism
36 kernel-taking photoelectric switch
37 intestinal line removing mechanism
38 back opening mechanism
4 machine frame
Detailed Description
The structural and operational principles of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a rear view of fig. 1. The invention relates to a self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns, which comprises the following components: a frame 4; the feeding hopper 1 is arranged on the frame 4 and is used for realizing smooth change of the downward sliding direction of the prawns and constraint of the side postures of the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism 2 is arranged on the frame 4 corresponding to the feeding hopper 1, and the directional conveying mechanism 2 is used for bidirectional conveying and ensuring split conveying of different ventral backs towards the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism 2 comprises a double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21, a spacing adjusting mechanism 22 and an abdomen-back shunting mechanism 23, wherein the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21 is positioned above the spacing adjusting mechanism 22, and the abdomen-back shunting mechanism 23 is arranged below the spacing adjusting mechanism 22; and the peeling mechanism 3 is arranged on the frame 4 and comprises an upper peeling mechanism 3 and a lower peeling mechanism 3, which are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the two-way conveying tail ends of the directional conveying mechanism 2 and are used for respectively separating shells, intestines and shelled shrimps from different belly-back facing shrimps in split conveying to obtain complete and clean shelled shrimps.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding hopper 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The feed hopper 1 includes a J-shaped slide surface 11, a side constraint surface 12, a support surface 13, and a mounting surface 14. The feeding hopper 1 is fixed on a fixed horizontal plate 223 of the directional conveying mechanism 2 through a mounting surface 14, and the side constraint surface 12, the supporting surface 13 and the mounting surface 14 are all arranged above two circular belts 215 of the directional conveying mechanism 2. The J-shaped sliding surface 11 is a main contact surface in the feeding process of the prawns, the prawns can slide downwards along the J-shaped sliding surface 11, the side constraint surface 12 is a vertical plane, the side constraint surface 12 is arranged opposite to the J-shaped sliding surface 11, and smooth change of the sliding direction of the prawns and constraint of the side postures of the prawns can be realized through cooperation of the J-shaped curve and the side constraint surface 12.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a top view of the directional conveyor 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The spacing adjusting mechanism 22 is used for adjusting the directional conveying spacing of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21, and comprises a screw rod sliding table 221, a sliding rail 222 and a horizontal plate, wherein the horizontal plate comprises a fixed horizontal plate 223 and a movable horizontal plate 224, the fixed horizontal plate 223 and the movable horizontal plate 224 are respectively kept horizontal and at the same height, the fixed horizontal plate 223 is installed on the frame 4, and two ends of the movable horizontal plate 224 are supported on the sliding rail 222 to realize stable support; the screw rod sliding table 221 is arranged in the middle of the movable horizontal plate 224 and is connected with the movable horizontal plate 224, and the screw rod sliding table 221 is driven by a motor provided with the screw rod sliding table 221 to reciprocate, so that the movable horizontal plate 224 is driven to realize position adjustment relative to the fixed horizontal plate 223, and the adjustment of the position of a part fixed on the movable horizontal plate 224 can be realized.
The double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21 comprises a driving wheel 211, a large driven wheel 212, a small driven wheel 213, a circular belt 215, a transmission mechanism 216 and a circular belt motor 217 which are respectively and symmetrically arranged on the fixed horizontal plate 223 and the movable horizontal plate 224, wherein the two circular belts 215 are symmetrically arranged and positioned at the same height, the driving wheel 211 is connected with the corresponding circular belt motor 217 through the corresponding transmission mechanism 216, the two circular belts 215 are respectively tensioned on the corresponding driving wheel 211, the large driven wheel 212 and the small driven wheel 213, the corresponding driving wheel 211 respectively drives the two circular belts 215 to synchronously rotate, the movement speed and the movement direction of the double circular belts at the position of the directional conveying interval are consistent, the synchronous movement of the double circular belts can realize stable conveying of the prawns, and the directional conveying interval formed between the two circular belts 215 is controlled by adjusting the movable horizontal plate 224 to realize symmetrical support and head-tail orientation of the prawns.
Each circular belt 215 is supported by one driving wheel 211, a large driven wheel 212 and 2 small driven wheels 213 to form an isosceles trapezoid structure, and a tensioning wheel 214 is further arranged on the inner side of the circular belt 215 at the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid structure (i.e. on the side close to the sliding rail 222) and used for balancing and adjusting the insufficient tensioning of the circular belt 215 caused by the directional conveying interval. The driving wheel 211 and the large driven wheel 212 are arranged on the frame 4, and the small driven wheel 213 and the tensioning wheel 214 are arranged on a horizontal plate. The transmission mechanism 216 includes a gear, a shaft, and a belt-seat bearing, and the power of the belt motor 217 is transmitted to the driving wheel 211 by a pair of spur gears. There are two circular belt motors 217, and the movement of each circular belt 215 is driven by one circular belt motor 217.
The ventral-dorsal shunt mechanism 23 comprises a photoelectric switch 231, a spacing regulating rail 232, an electromagnetic push rod 233, an upper conveying rail 234, a pushing sheet 235, an upper pushing belt 236, an upper motor 237, a lower motor 238, a lower conveying rail 239 and a lower pushing belt 230; the photoelectric switch 231 is arranged below the circular belt 215 and is used for detecting the abdominal back orientation of the prawns; the distance regulating and controlling track 232 is connected with the electromagnetic push rod 233, and the electromagnetic push rod 233 stretches and contracts to control the distance of the distance regulating and controlling track 232; the interval regulating and controlling track 232 is arranged below the tail end of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21 and is used for receiving the fallen prawns; the upper pushing belt 236 and the lower pushing belt 230 are respectively and uniformly provided with a plurality of pushing sheets 235, the upper conveying rail 234 is positioned above the lower conveying rail 239 and adopts stepped split conveying, the upper conveying rail 234 is a first step, the lower conveying rail 239 is a second step, the upper conveying rail 234 and the upper pushing belt 236 are matched to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen to the right, and the lower conveying rail 239 and the lower pushing belt 230 are matched to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen to the left. By the stepwise track arrangement, it is possible to ensure the split flow of the different shrimps facing the back of the abdomen, the shrimps facing the right of the abdomen are transported from the upper transport track 234, and the shrimps facing the left of the abdomen fall on the lower transport track 239 and are transported to the left. The upper pushing belt 236 and the lower pushing belt 230 rotate to realize circular motion, so that the prawns on the corresponding upper conveying track 234 or lower conveying track 239 are pushed to achieve the purpose of uniform conveying of the prawns. Each track is in a double-track symmetrical arrangement mode, the distance between the double tracks is kept consistent, and the regulation and control of the track distance are uniformly completed by the movement of the screw rod sliding table 221. The screw rod sliding table 221 moves outwards, so that the directional conveying interval of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21 and the conveying interval of the abdomen-back splitting mechanism 23 can be increased, and the directional requirements of the shrimps with different specifications can be met.
Referring to fig. 5-6, fig. 5 is a schematic view of a back opening knife according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 6 is a schematic view of a brush according to an embodiment of the present invention. The upper peeling mechanism 3 and the lower peeling mechanism 3 of the embodiment respectively comprise a segmented clamping mechanism 31, a shrimp shell hopper 33, a shrimp meat hopper 34, a kernel taking mechanism 35, a kernel taking photoelectric switch 36, an intestine removing line mechanism 37 and a back opening mechanism 38, wherein the segmented clamping mechanism 31 is connected with a turntable motor, is driven by the turntable motor to rotate at a uniform speed, can receive the shrimp after directional conveying, and realizes directional clamping and loosening of the shrimp through axial opening and closing and radial circular movement; the back opening mechanism 38 is arranged corresponding to the segmented clamping mechanism 31 and is used for cutting the back of the passing prawn, the back opening mechanism 38 comprises a back opening knife, a rotating shaft, a bearing with a seat, a coupling and a motor, the back opening knife is a main working part, and the back of the passing prawn is cut off by high-speed rotation of the back opening knife; the sausage removing mechanism 37 is arranged corresponding to the back opening mechanism 38, and is used for brushing the sausage in the shelled shrimps, the main working part of the sausage removing mechanism 37 is a brush roller, the outer edge of the brush roller is densely and uniformly distributed by fine and soft plastic wires to form a sausage brush, and the sausage brush rotates to brush the sausage in the shelled shrimps; the kernel taking mechanism 35 is arranged corresponding to the intestine removing mechanism 37 and is used for taking kernels and releasing shelled shrimps into the shelled shrimp hopper 34.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view of a kernel taking needle according to an embodiment of the invention. Wherein the kernel taking mechanism 35 comprises a kernel taking needle, a kernel unloading table, a crank connecting rod mechanism and a kernel taking motor; the kernel taking needle is of a flat trapezoid structure, is connected with the crank connecting rod mechanism and is driven by the crank connecting rod mechanism to reciprocate, and the kernel taking needle is driven by a crank to reciprocate up and down so as to finish the kernel taking process of penetrating the shrimp meat by the kernel taking needle; the crank connecting rod mechanism is connected with the kernel taking motor. The starting time point of the kernel taking mechanism 35 mainly depends on the detection signal of the kernel taking photoelectric switch 36 arranged in front of the kernel taking mechanism, when the kernel taking photoelectric switch 36 detects the shrimps, the kernel taking mechanism 35 starts to execute a reciprocating cycle action to finish the release of the kernels and the shrimps.
The upper peeling mechanism 3 and the lower peeling mechanism 3 of this embodiment further include a residual peeling mechanism 32 for removing residual shrimp shells remaining on the segmented clamping mechanism 31, so that the segmented clamping mechanism 31 is kept clean when entering a new cycle of operation, that is, the residual peeling mechanism 32 brushes off residual shrimp shells remaining on the clamping plate through rotation of the brush, so that the clamping plate is kept clean after entering the new cycle of operation. The structure of the residual shell removing mechanism 32 and the structure of the residual shell removing mechanism 37 are the same, and each of the residual shell removing mechanism and the residual shell removing mechanism comprises a hairbrush roller, a rotating shaft, a bearing with a seat, a coupler and a motor, wherein the hairbrush roller is a main part for removing the residual shell and the residual shell.
Wherein, the working components of the peeling mechanism 3 are arranged around the segmented clamping mechanism 31, a plane rectangular coordinate system is established by taking the center of the segmented clamping mechanism 31 as the origin, the distribution position of each main component of the peeling mechanism 3 can be represented by a phase angle, and the positive half axis of the abscissa axis is taken as the starting position, so that the phase angles of the brush of the residual peeling mechanism 32, the back knife of the back opening mechanism 38, the brush of the intestinal thread removing mechanism 37 and the kernel taking needle of the kernel taking mechanism 35 are preferably 0 °, 180 °, 225 ° and 270 ° in sequence.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of directional delivery in accordance with the present invention. The prawn can make steering movement around the supporting point after falling to the double circular belts and simultaneously make speed v along with the circular belts 5 To the right and then falls on the pitch adjustment rail in a flat throwing motion, and is conveyed to the upper conveying rail 234 by the pushing of the pushing sheet 235. In the feeding process of the prawns, in order to prevent the prawns B3 from interfering with the sliding-off and head-tail steering processes of the prawns A3, the movement distance l of the prawns A3 from sliding down to the double-circular-belt front prawns B3 needs to be ensured 5 . In order to ensure smooth diversion during the process of the prawn falling to the interval adjusting track, the prawn is prevented from falling on the upper conveying track 234 directly due to excessive speed. The conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism 2 thus satisfies:
wherein p is 0 The feeding rate of the prawns is the unit of only per minute; t is t 8 The unit of the time for the prawn to finish the head-tail steering is s; l (L) 5 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the tail of the prawn is in mm; v 5 The unit is mm/s for the conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism 2; h is a 6 The height of the track is adjusted for the double circular belts and the space, and the unit is mm; l (L) 6 The length of the track is adjusted for the distance, and the unit is mm; l (L) 7 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the photoelectric sensor is in mm.
The prawn falls into the directional conveying mechanism 2 from the feeding hopper 1, the head and tail orientation of the prawn is realized under the action of gravity, and the prawn moves forwards under the conveying action of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism 21. Then detecting the back and abdomen orientation of the prawns through the photoelectric switch 231, controlling the interval of the interval regulating and controlling rail 232 by the interval regulating mechanism 22 to realize the sorting of different back and abdomen orientation prawns, conveying the prawns with the right abdomen from the upper conveying rail 234 to the right, and dropping the prawns with the left abdomen on the lower conveying rail 239 and conveying the prawns to the left. The shrimp maintain the posture of the abdomen facing the same direction as the conveying direction in both the left and right conveying directions. The prawn then falls into the holding plate of the segmented holding mechanism 31 in a directional posture under the action of the symmetrical guide surfaces at the ends of the upper conveying rail 234 or the lower conveying rail 239, rotates with the holding mechanism and is stably held by the holding plate. The back-opening knife, the intestinal thread brush and the residual shell removing brush rotate at a directional speed, and the clamped prawns sequentially pass through the back-opening knife and the intestinal thread brush to finish back-opening and intestinal thread removing. Then the prawn continues to rotate, when the prawn shields the laser signal of the kernel taking photoelectric switch 36, the system controls the kernel taking mechanism 35 to start moving, and in each kernel taking process, the crank rotates for one circle, and the kernel taking needle reciprocates up and down for one cycle. When the shrimp rotates to the kernel taking position, the kernel taking needle is pricked into the shrimp meat, at the moment, the shrimp continues to rotate along with the clamping mechanism, the shell meat is separated by generating interaction force between the shrimp meat and the shrimp shell, then the shrimp meat moves downwards along with the kernel taking needle, the kernel discharging position is reached to finish kernel discharging, and then the shrimp meat slides into the shrimp meat hopper 34. The shrimp shell continues to rotate under the centre gripping of fixture, reaches and opens the blend zone division board and opens, and the shrimp shell drops to shrimp shell hopper 33 under the action of gravity in, and the remaining shrimp shell on the division board can be got rid of by incomplete shell brush later, and the division board continues to rotate into next centre gripping circulation, and this whole decortication work is accomplished.
The invention has the functions of head-tail orientation, abdomen-back orientation, orientation and clamping, back opening, intestinal line removal, kernel removal and residual shell removal, realizes the integrated prawn peeling operation, gets rid of the dependence on manual orientation, and realizes the full-range mechanization of prawn directional peeling.
Of course, the present invention is capable of other various embodiments and its several details are capable of modification and variation in light of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns, comprising:
a frame;
the feeding hopper is arranged on the rack and is used for realizing smooth change of the downward sliding direction of the prawns and constraint of the side postures of the prawns;
the directional conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack corresponding to the feeding hopper and is used for bidirectional conveying and is used for ensuring split conveying of different ventral backs towards the prawns; the directional conveying mechanism comprises a double-circular-belt conveying mechanism, a spacing adjusting mechanism and an abdomen-back shunting mechanism, wherein the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism is positioned above the spacing adjusting mechanism, and the abdomen-back shunting mechanism is arranged below the spacing adjusting mechanism; and
the shelling mechanism is arranged on the frame and comprises an upper shelling mechanism and a lower shelling mechanism which are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the two-way conveying tail ends of the directional conveying mechanism and used for separating shells, intestines and shelled shrimps respectively from different ventral-dorsal facing shrimps in split conveying to obtain complete and clean shelled shrimps;
the space adjusting mechanism is used for adjusting the directional conveying space of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism and comprises a screw rod sliding table, a sliding rail and a horizontal plate, wherein the horizontal plate comprises a fixed horizontal plate and a movable horizontal plate, the fixed horizontal plate and the movable horizontal plate are respectively kept horizontal and at the same height, the fixed horizontal plate is installed on the frame, and the movable horizontal plate is supported on the sliding rail; the screw rod sliding table is connected with the movable horizontal plate and drives the movable horizontal plate to realize position adjustment relative to the fixed horizontal plate;
the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism comprises a driving wheel, a large driven wheel, a small driven wheel, circular belts, a transmission mechanism and a circular belt motor which are respectively and symmetrically arranged on the fixed horizontal plate and the movable horizontal plate, wherein the two circular belts are positioned at the same height, the driving wheel is connected with the corresponding circular belt motor through the corresponding transmission mechanism, the two circular belts are respectively tensioned on the corresponding driving wheel, the large driven wheel and the small driven wheel, the corresponding driving wheel respectively drives the two circular belts to synchronously rotate, and the directional conveying interval formed between the two circular belts is controlled by adjusting the movable horizontal plate so as to realize symmetrical support and head-tail orientation of the prawns;
the abdomen-back shunt mechanism comprises a photoelectric switch, a distance regulating and controlling track, an electromagnetic push rod, an upper conveying track, a push sheet, an upper push belt, an upper motor, a lower conveying track and a lower push belt; the photoelectric switch is arranged below the circular belt and is used for detecting the abdominal back orientation of the prawns; the distance regulating and controlling track is connected with the electromagnetic push rod, and the electromagnetic push rod stretches and contracts to control the distance of the distance regulating and controlling track; the interval regulating and controlling track is arranged below the tail end of the double-circular-belt conveying mechanism and is used for receiving the fallen prawns; the upper pushing belt and the lower pushing belt are respectively and uniformly provided with a plurality of pushing sheets, the upper conveying track is positioned above the lower conveying track and adopts stepped shunt conveying, the upper conveying track is matched with the upper pushing belt to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen right, the lower conveying track is matched with the lower pushing belt to realize stable conveying of the prawns with the abdomen left, and the directions of the abdomen faces are kept consistent with the conveying directions on the upper conveying track and the lower conveying track.
2. The self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns as claimed in claim 1, wherein each circular belt is supported by one driving wheel, a large driven wheel and a small driven wheel to form an isosceles trapezoid structure, and a tensioning wheel is further arranged at the lower bottom edge of the isosceles trapezoid structure and close to the inner side of the circular belt for balancing and adjusting the insufficient tensioning of the circular belt caused by the directional conveying interval.
3. The self-adaptive directional prawn peeling device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper peeling mechanism and the lower peeling mechanism respectively comprise a segmented clamping mechanism, a kernel taking mechanism, an intestinal line removing mechanism and a back opening mechanism, the segmented clamping mechanism is connected with a turntable motor and is driven by the turntable motor to rotate at a constant speed, and the directional clamping and loosening of the prawns are realized through axial opening and closing and radial circular movement; the back opening mechanism is arranged corresponding to the sectional clamping mechanism and is used for cutting open the back of the passing prawn; the sausage removing mechanism is arranged corresponding to the back opening mechanism and is used for brushing sausage lines in the shelled shrimps; the kernel taking mechanism is arranged corresponding to the intestine removing mechanism and is used for taking kernels and releasing shelled shrimps into the shelled shrimp hopper.
4. A self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns as claimed in claim 3, wherein the kernel taking mechanism comprises a kernel taking needle, a crank link mechanism and a kernel taking motor; the kernel taking needle is of a flat trapezoid structure, is connected with the crank connecting rod mechanism and is driven by the crank connecting rod mechanism to reciprocate; the crank connecting rod mechanism is connected with the kernel taking motor.
5. A self-adaptive directional shrimp peeling apparatus as in claim 3 wherein the upper and lower peeling mechanisms further comprise a residual peeling mechanism for removing residual shrimp shells remaining on the segmented clamping mechanism to keep the segmented clamping mechanism clean when it enters a new cycle of operation.
6. The self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns according to claim 5, wherein the phase angles of the brush of the residual shell removing mechanism, the back opening knife of the back opening mechanism, the brush of the intestinal thread removing mechanism and the kernel taking needle of the kernel taking mechanism are sequentially 0 degrees, 180 degrees, 225 degrees and 270 degrees by taking the circle center of the segmented clamping mechanism as an origin.
7. The self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns according to claim 1, wherein the conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism is as follows:
wherein p is 0 The feeding rate of the prawns is the unit of only per minute; t is t 8 The unit of the time for the prawn to finish the head-tail steering is s; l (L) 5 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the tail of the prawn is in mm; v 5 The unit is mm/s for the conveying speed of the directional conveying mechanism; h is a 6 The height of the track is adjusted for the double circular belts and the space, and the unit is mm;
l 6 the length of the track is adjusted for the distance, and the unit is mm; l (L) 7 The distance from the support point of the prawn to the photoelectric sensor is in mm.
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| CN202210926116.2A CN115444023B (en) | 2022-08-03 | 2022-08-03 | Self-adaptive directional shelling device for prawns |
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| CN115444023B true CN115444023B (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3566437A (en) * | 1968-12-16 | 1971-03-02 | Gregor Jonsson Associates Inc | Shrimp processing machine and method |
| CN205305862U (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-06-15 | 青岛小岛食品机械有限公司 | Automatic belt cleaning device that peels off of prawn |
| CN105767115B (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2017-12-15 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of belt-type prawn opens back of the body device |
| CN206118978U (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-04-26 | 珠海鸿伸机器有限公司 | Shrimp opens back of body device |
| EP3639670B1 (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-09-22 | Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. Baader GmbH + Co. KG | Apparatus and method for aligning the abdomen and back of a fish |
| CN110477083A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-22 | 华中农业大学 | Fish body abdomen back orientation conveying device |
| CN111631251B (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2021-03-26 | 浙江大学 | Device and method for fish singulation and head, tail, abdomen and back orientation |
| CN114600939A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-10 | 华南农业大学 | Intelligent feeding device for prawn posture touch recognition |
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