CN115428741A - Dead-angle-free and cleaning-free three-transposition pig feeding trough groove shape and molded line design method thereof - Google Patents
Dead-angle-free and cleaning-free three-transposition pig feeding trough groove shape and molded line design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115428741A CN115428741A CN202211175550.8A CN202211175550A CN115428741A CN 115428741 A CN115428741 A CN 115428741A CN 202211175550 A CN202211175550 A CN 202211175550A CN 115428741 A CN115428741 A CN 115428741A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
- A01K5/01—Feed troughs; Feed pails
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Abstract
A three-transposition pig feeding trough shape without dead corners and cleaning and a molded line design method thereof particularly relate to the technical field of agricultural engineering. The pig feeding trough aims to solve the problem that the existing pig feeding trough is difficult to thoroughly clean due to dead corners. The trough shape of the pig trough comprises a trough body and a rotating shaft, wherein the trough body is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft in a sleeved mode, the trough body is horizontally arranged in a cylindrical mode, three trough bodies are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the trough body along the circumferential direction, and the shape of the molded line of each trough body is in a curve shape. The invention is used for automatic pig raising.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural engineering, in particular to a three-position pig feed trough shape without dead corners and cleaning and a molded line design method thereof.
Background
The traditional pigsty is built on the ground, the three-dimensional pig raising becomes the mainstream in recent years, and because the technology of modern pig raising is continuously changed, in order to reduce manpower, a plurality of procedures need to be automated,
traditional pig feed groove slot shape cross-section is mostly trapezoidal or square, also has the lower part to be semicircular, installs inside the pigsty usually, and the slot shape of pig feed groove is used flat more to give first place to, snatchs the food when preventing the pig to eat, still separates with the division board, has a lot of dead angles when clean, is unfavorable for inclining end cleanness, is unfavorable for drainage and feeds the food for the pig when wasing simultaneously. Therefore, the trough shape and the structure of the existing pig feeding trough are particularly not beneficial to the completion of the automatic scouring process.
In order to enable pigs to obtain sufficient nutrition during breeding and breeding in pens, the pig feed trough is a main appliance for supplying pig feed, but the existing pig feed trough is used for supplying pig feed in the pen, a partition plate is often welded for preventing snatching between pigs, dead angles exist in the trough shape of the pig feed trough, and the difficulty is brought by more cleaning. It is often desirable to reduce the number of brushings. Sometimes, retention of pig feed and rotting can occur due to unreasonable curves in the pig feed trough, and if the pigs are not cleaned in time, the pigs in a pen can be pulled to be rotten. Especially, the cleaning of a pig feeding trough is emphasized in a key period for piglets with low immunity and sows in a gestation period. In order to ensure that the pig feed is fresh and cleaned in time, workers can enter the piggery to clean, and meanwhile, the conventional pig feed trough is not beneficial to cleaning quickly due to the structure, so that the workers have to spend a long time to complete thorough cleaning. Especially, the bottom area of the flat-bottom pig feeding trough is large, and the food waves are large in the area where the pig can not eat food at the bottom of the feeding trough. The existing pig feed trough is generally very heavy and is not beneficial to pouring.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing pig feed trough has dead corners and is difficult to thoroughly clean, and further provides a three-position pig feed trough shape without dead corners and capable of cleaning and a molded line design method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the three-transposition trough shape without dead corners and beneficial to cleaning comprises a trough body and a rotating shaft, wherein the trough body is sleeved and fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft, the trough body is horizontally arranged in a cylindrical shape, three troughs are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the trough body along the circumferential direction, and the molded line shape of each trough is in a curve shape.
Furthermore, the three trough-shaped sections are arranged in central symmetry.
Furthermore, the groove-shaped cross sections of the three food grooves sequentially comprise a feeding position food groove, a dumping position food groove and a killing position food groove along the clockwise direction.
Furthermore, the inner side wall of the crib is a food gathering curve section, the inner side section of the outer side wall of the crib is a food feeding guide straight-line section, the outer side section of the outer side wall of the crib is a crib edge transition curve section II, the outer side end of the food feeding guide straight-line section is in transition connection with the inner side end of the crib edge transition curve section II, the outer side end of the food gathering curve section is in transition connection with the outer side end of the crib edge transition curve section II through the crib edge transition curve section I, and the inner side end of the food gathering curve section is in transition connection with the inner side end of the food feeding guide straight-line section of the adjacent crib.
Furthermore, the outer side end of the feeding guide straight-line section is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section II, the outer side end of the food gathering curve section is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section I, the outer side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section II is tangent to the outer side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section I, and the inner side end of the food gathering curve section is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding guide straight-line section of the adjacent feeding trough.
A design method of a three-transposition trough-shaped profile of a pig feeding trough without dead corners and cleaning comprises the following steps:
step one, taking a circle O 1 Circle O 2 Circle O 3 Three reference circles, circle O 1 Circle of O 2 Circle of O 3 The centers of the three circles are arranged in a collinear manner, and the circle O 1 And the circle O 2 Arranged in a circumscribed circle, circle O 2 And the circle O 3 Arranged in a circumscribed circle of circle O 1 As base circle, circle O 2 The lower semicircle is taken as a food gathering curve segment and a circle O 3 The upper semicircle is taken as a first transition curve section of the edge of the trough;
step two, passing through the circle O 3 Making a vertical tangent L at the right quadrant point 1 The tangent point is A point and a circle O is formed at an angle of 60 DEG 1 Tangent line L 2 The tangent point is C point, and an angle bisector and a circle of 60 degrees are madeO 1 And a circle O 2 The straight line of the center of the circle intersects at the intersection point O 4 Point, with O 4 Point as center of circle, O 4 Making a circle O with the distance between the point A and the point A as a radius 4 Circle of O 4 And the tangent line L 2 The tangent point of (A) is a point B, a line segment between a point C and the point B is taken as a feeding guide straight line segment, and a line segment between the point B and the point A is taken as a feeding trough edge transition curve segment II;
step three, a line segment between the point C and the point B, a line segment between the point B and the point A and a circle O 3 Upper semicircle and circle O 2 The lower semicircle forms a trough with a base circle O 1 The circle center of the pig feeding trough is a matrix center, three feeding troughs are formed in an annular array mode, the cross section shape of the whole trough body is formed, and the trough shape of the pig feeding trough formed by the cross section is stretched along the required length of the pig feeding trough, so that the three-position pig feeding trough without dead corners and capable of being cleaned can be formed.
Further, in the first step, the circle O 1 The radius of the feed is matched with the material of the pig feed trough and the weight of the feed, and the circle is O 2 The radius of the round O is matched with the size of the enclosed pig 3 The radius of the pig is matched with the size of the pig and the length of the neck of the pig.
Further, in the first step, the radius of the rotating shaft is smaller than the circle O 1 Of (c) is used.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a dead-angle-free cleaning-free three-position pig feeding trough groove shape and a molded line design method thereof for the modernized pig raising requirement, wherein the pig feeding trough groove shape is divided into three positions: feeding position, dumping position and killing position.
2. The invention is connected into a trough shape by non-abrupt multiline: the feeding guide line is the lower side outside the feeding trough when the feeding guide line is in the curve at the single position, but can be perfectly connected with the feeding gathering arc line without any abrupt connection after the feeding guide line is arrayed, and the design can ensure that the pig food can be smoothly guided to the feeding gathering position when the pig food is fed.
3. According to the three-transposition groove-shaped pig feed trough, after transposition positioning, pigs can feed after the feeding equipment feeds the pigs at the feeding position, meanwhile, the pig feed trough at the lower position is cleaned after the pig feed trough is flushed by high-pressure water flow, different grades of killing can be carried out at the killing position according to requirements, a conventional grade can be flushed by hot water, and if high-grade sterilization treatment requirements exist, the pig feed trough can be flushed by chemical liquid. When the pig feed trough is in the pouring position and the killing position, the inner curve and the outer curve of the pig feed trough are beneficial to the drainage of waste water and waste liquid in relevant working procedures.
4. Through the dead-angle-free cleaning and brushing three-transposition pig feed trough shape, when modern three-dimensional pig raising is carried out, people do not need to enter a piggery to clean the pig feed trough by adopting the three-transposition pig feed trough developed by the three-transposition pig feed trough shape, and the transposition feed trough is automatically washed step by step to kill the pig. The pig feeding trough can be cleaned greatly by saving manpower, and core technical support is provided for realizing automatic dead-angle-free cleaning of the pig feeding trough.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the trough shape of a three-index pig of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph of the trough shape of a single trough 3 in fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the first step of the method of designing a three-index trough-shaped profile for a pig feed trough of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the design method of the three-index trough-shaped profile of a pig according to the invention in step two;
fig. 5 is a graph of the three steps of the design method of the three-transposition trough-shaped profile of the pig feed trough of the invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the three-position pig feeding trough without dead angle and easy cleaning comprises a trough body 1 and a rotating shaft 2, wherein the trough body 1 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 2, the trough body 1 is horizontally cylindrical, three feeding troughs 3 are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the trough body 1 along the circumferential direction, and the shape of the profile of each feeding trough 3 is curved.
According to the automatic flushing requirement of the pig feed trough, the invention knows that the trough shape of the existing pig feed trough needs to be improved urgently to realize the automatic flushing of the pig feed trough, and is beneficial to automatic control and cleaning.
When the three-position-changing design is adopted, the middle separation fence is arranged outside the pig feeding trough body. And through the reasonable design of the trough shape of the pig trough, a favorable scheme can be provided for realizing the automatic cleaning and brushing of the pig trough. At present, no relevant design is found for what pig feed trough shape is more beneficial to feeding, scouring and killing. Therefore, the brand-new transposition pig feeding trough with no cleaning dead angle is the key for realizing the elimination and killing of the pig feeding trough without the dead angle in the automatic pig raising process.
The dead-angle-free cleaning-free three-transposition pig feed trough is suitable for automatic transposition pig feed troughs, the pig feed trough body is not provided with a separation plate, and the separation plate is arranged outside the pig feed trough in the specific automatic transposition pig feed trough. The three-transposition pig feeding trough is free of dead angles, the trough shape of the three-transposition pig feeding trough is cleaned, feeding of pigs is not affected when automatic pig raising is facilitated through the three-transposition design, through reasonable curve design, the pig feeding trough can be guaranteed not to have dead angles in the feeding area feeding, dumping area washing and killing area high-temperature washing processes, better washing is facilitated, and the influence of retention of pig feeding on pig health is reduced.
The trough shape of the pig trough without dead angles and with three transposition positions can be reasonably designed, and a smooth transition line is formed for connection.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the three troughs 3 of the present embodiment are arranged with a central symmetry in the trough-shaped cross section. Technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment.
3 flute profile sections of three trough are central symmetry and set up, and link up along the axis, do not have the baffle, more do benefit to cleanly, when setting up the pig trough, have plus jube to prevent robbing between pig and the pig and eat.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the three troughs 3 of the present embodiment have a trough-shaped cross section comprising a feeding position trough, a dumping position trough and a killing position trough in the order of clockwise. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the second embodiment.
The three-transposition trough shape of the pig feed trough designed by the invention is divided into three parts: feeding position, dumping position and killing position. The required transposition can be completed in a clockwise direction under the driving of the motor.
Can realize that the pig food smoothly slides down along the curve in the pig feed trough when feeding, ensure that the food can gather at the bottom of the trough when feeding, ensure that the retained pig food smoothly dumps under the action of high-pressure water flow when dumping, and be beneficial to the killing work at the killing position,
the fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, in the embodiment, the inner side wall of the feeding trough 3 is a food gathering curve segment 3-1, the inner side segment of the outer side wall of the feeding trough 3 is a food feeding guiding straight segment 3-2, the outer side segment of the outer side wall of the feeding trough 3 is a feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3, the outer side end of the feeding guiding straight segment 3-2 is in transition connection with the inner side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3, the outer side end of the food gathering curve segment 3-1 is in transition connection with the outer side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3 through a feeding trough edge transition curve segment one 3-4, and the inner side end of the food gathering curve segment 3-1 is in transition connection with the inner side end of the feeding guiding straight segment 3-2 of the adjacent feeding trough 3. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, in which the outer end of the feeding guiding straight line segment 3-2 is tangent to the inner end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3, the outer end of the food gathering curve segment 3-1 is tangent to the inner end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment one 3-4, the outer end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3 is tangent to the outer end of the feeding trough edge transition curve segment one 3-4, and the inner end of the food gathering curve segment 3-1 is tangent to the inner end of the feeding guiding straight line segment 3-2 of the adjacent feeding trough 3. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: referring to fig. 1 to 5, the embodiment is described, and the method for designing a three-position pig feeding trough shaped profile without dead angle and clean includes the following steps:
step one, taking a circle O 1 Circle O 2 Circle of O 3 Three reference circles, circle O 1 Circle O 2 Circle O 3 The centers of the three circles are arranged in a collinear manner, and the circle O 1 And the circle O 2 Arranged in a circumscribed circle, circle O 2 And the circle O 3 Arranged in a circumscribed circle of circle O 1 As base circle, circle O 2 The lower semicircle is taken as a food gathering curve segment 3-1 and a circle O 3 The upper semicircle is taken as a first transition curve section 3-4 of the edge of the feeding trough;
step two, passing through the circle O 3 Making a vertical tangent L at the right quadrant point 1 The tangent point is A point and a circle O is formed at an angle of 60 DEG 1 Tangent line L 2 The tangent point is C point, and an angle bisector of 60 degrees and a circle O are made 1 And a circle O 2 The straight line of the center of the circle intersects at the intersection point O 4 Point with O 4 Point as center of circle, O 4 The distance between the point and the point A is taken as a radius to form a circle O 4 Circle of O 4 And the tangent line L 2 The tangent point of the point B is a point B, and the line segment between the point C and the point B is taken as a feeding guide straight line segment 3-2,B and the line segment between the point A is taken as a feeding trough edge transition curve segment two 3-3;
step three, a line segment between the point C and the point B, a line segment between the point B and the point A and a circle O 3 Upper semicircle and circle O 2 The lower half circle forms a trough 3 with a base circle O 1 The circle center of the trough body is a matrix center, three feeding troughs 3 are formed in an annular array mode, the cross section shape of the whole trough body 1 is formed, and the trough shape of the pig feeding trough formed by the cross section is stretched along the required length of the pig feeding trough, so that the three-position-transfer pig feeding trough without dead corners and capable of being cleaned can be formed.
And in the third step, obtaining a line segment between the C1 point and the B1 point, a line segment between the B1 point and the A1 point, a line segment between the C2 point and the B2 point, and a line segment between the B2 point and the A2 point after the matrix processing.
The seventh embodiment: in the embodiment, the circle O in the first step of the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5 1 The radius of the feed is matched with the material of the pig feed trough and the weight of the feed, and the circle is O 2 The radius of the round O is matched with the size of the enclosed pig 3 Radius of the pig and neck of the pigThe lengths are matched. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: in the first step of the present embodiment, the radius of the rotating shaft 2 is smaller than the circle O 1 Of (c) is used. The technical features not disclosed in the present embodiment are the same as those of the sixth embodiment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a three transposition pig feed groove flute shapes of no dead angle benefit brush, its characterized in that: the novel food processing device comprises a groove body (1) and a rotating shaft (2), wherein the groove body (1) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft (2) in a sleeved mode, the groove body (1) is horizontally cylindrical, three food grooves (3) are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the groove body (1) along the circumferential direction, and the molded lines of the food grooves (3) are curved.
2. The three-position pig feeding trough with no dead angle and convenient cleaning and brushing as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the three feeding grooves (3) are arranged in a centrosymmetric manner in the groove-shaped cross section.
3. The three-position pig feeding trough with no dead angle and convenient cleaning and brushing as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the three manger (3) groove-shaped cross sections are a feeding position manger, a dumping position manger and a killing position manger in turn along the clockwise direction.
4. The three-position pig feeding trough without dead corners and cleaning is characterized in that: the food feeding guide device is characterized in that the inner side wall of the food groove (3) is a food gathering curve section (3-1), the inner side section of the outer side wall of the food groove (3) is a food feeding guide straight section (3-2), the outer side section of the outer side wall of the food groove (3) is a food groove edge transition curve section II (3-3), the outer side end of the food feeding guide straight section (3-2) is in transition connection with the inner side end of the food groove edge transition curve section II (3-3), the outer side end of the food gathering curve section (3-1) is in transition connection with the outer side end of the food groove edge transition curve section II (3-3) through the food groove edge transition curve section I (3-4), and the inner side end of the food gathering curve section (3-1) is in transition connection with the inner side end of the food feeding guide straight section (3-2) of the adjacent food groove (3).
5. The no-dead-angle clean three-transposition trough shape for pigs of claim 4 is characterized in that: the outer side end of the feeding guide straight line section (3-2) is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section II (3-3), the outer side end of the food gathering curve section (3-1) is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section I (3-4), the outer side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section II (3-3) is tangent to the outer side end of the feeding trough edge transition curve section I (3-4), and the inner side end of the food gathering curve section (3-1) is tangent to the inner side end of the feeding guide straight line section (3-2) of the adjacent feeding trough (3).
6. A design method of a three-transposition trough-shaped profile of a pig feeding trough without dead corners and cleaning is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, taking a circle O 1 Circle of O 2 Circle O 3 Three reference circles, circle O 1 Circle O 2 Circle O 3 The centers of the three circles are arranged in a collinear manner, and the circle O 1 And the circle O 2 Arranged in a circumscribed circle, circle O 2 And the circle O 3 Arranged in a circumscribed circle with a circle O 1 As base circle, circle O 2 The lower semicircle is a food gathering curve segment (3-1) and a circle O 3 The upper semicircle is taken as a first transition curve section (3-4) of the edge of the crib;
step two, passing through the circle O 3 Making a vertical tangent L at the right quadrant point 1 The tangent point is A point and a circle O is formed at an angle of 60 DEG 1 Tangent line L 2 The tangent point is C point, and an angle bisector of 60 degrees and a circle O are made 1 And a circle O 2 The straight line of the center of the circle intersects at the intersection point O 4 Point with O 4 Point as center of circle, O 4 The distance between the point and the point A is taken as a radius to form a circle O 4 Circle of O 4 And the tangent line L 2 The tangent point of the point B is a point B, a line segment between the point C and the point B is a feeding guide straight line segment (3-2), and a line segment between the point B and the point A is a feeding trough edge transition curve segment II (3-3);
step three, a line segment between the point C and the point B, a line segment between the point B and the point A and a circle O 3 Upper semi-circle and circle O 2 The lower semicircle forms a trough (3) with a base circle O 1 The circle center of the pig feeding trough is a matrix center, three feeding troughs (3) are formed in an annular array mode, the cross section shape of the whole trough body (1) is formed, and the trough shape of the pig feeding trough formed by the cross section is stretched along the required length of the pig feeding trough, so that the three-position pig feeding trough without dead corners and capable of being cleaned is formed.
7. The design method of the dead-corner-free and clean-brushing three-transposition trough-shaped profile of the pig feeding trough according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the first step, the circle O 1 The radius of the feed is matched with the material of the pig feed trough and the weight of the feed, and the circle is O 2 The radius of the round O is matched with the size of the enclosed pig 3 The radius of the pig is matched with the size of the pig and the length of the neck of the pig.
8. The design method of the dead-corner-free and clean-brushing three-transposition trough-shaped profile of the pig feeding trough according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the first step, the radius of the rotating shaft (2) is smaller than the circle O 1 Of (c) is used.
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