CN115420796A - Phased array ultrasonic double-area array probe-based in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method - Google Patents
Phased array ultrasonic double-area array probe-based in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115420796A CN115420796A CN202210885496.XA CN202210885496A CN115420796A CN 115420796 A CN115420796 A CN 115420796A CN 202210885496 A CN202210885496 A CN 202210885496A CN 115420796 A CN115420796 A CN 115420796A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention provides an in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on a phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe, which comprises the following steps of S1: scanning the guard ring by using a probe, and estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring; s2: adjusting working parameters of the phased array detector to obtain the optimal imaging effect; s3: scanning a chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring, and adjusting echo gain according to an echo signal to determine detection sensitivity; s4: performing initial scanning on the inner wall of the guard ring on the outer surface of the guard ring by using a phased array detector to find out regularly occurring structural reflected waves; s5: circumferential and axial scanning is carried out on the outer surface of the generator retaining ring, A scanning signals and S scanning signals are observed, structural reflected waves are eliminated, and other reflected signals are defect reflected waves. The invention has more concentrated and strong focused energy, can reflect the defects more truly, discover the tiny defects, and improve the detection accuracy and precision by eliminating the structural reflected waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of a generator retaining ring, in particular to a nondestructive detection method for an in-service generator retaining ring based on a phased array double-sided array probe.
Background
The quality of the generator guard ring is a key component of a generator system, and the quality of the generator guard ring is critical to the safe and economic operation of a thermal power generating unit. According to reports, in recent years, the production accidents of grommet cracking and even explosion of a plurality of power plants cause huge economic losses, and the extensive attention of the power generation industry on the detection and supervision of the service quality of the grommet is triggered.
The protective ring and the rotor are in interference fit to fasten windings at two ends of the rotor, so that the windings cannot fly outwards due to centrifugal force when the rotor runs, the outer surface of the protective ring structure is in a circular ring shape, and the inner surface of the protective ring structure is provided with round corners and chamfers and used for fixing a coil winding of a generator; stress concentration is easily generated at the chamfered position, and crack defects are most easily generated during operation, so that the chamfered position is a key detection area during flaw detection.
At present, common in-service unit retaining ring detection methods are a conventional ultrasonic detection method and phased array detection, the conventional ultrasonic detection method mainly adopts a single-wafer transverse wave probe or a single-transmitting-receiving double-wafer small-angle longitudinal wave probe, and the phased array detection method mainly adopts a linear array longitudinal wave probe or a linear array transverse wave probe for detection. The conventional ultrasonic detection method is not intuitive in display, structural waves and defect signal waves are sometimes difficult to distinguish, missing detection or erroneous judgment is easily caused by seriously depending on the experience and level of an operator in the actual detection process, and the phased array detection method of the linear array longitudinal wave or transverse wave probe can be intuitively displayed but the display is distorted.
The invention patent application with publication number CN112461923A discloses a method for detecting a guard ring of a generator based on phased array ultrasonic transverse waves, and provides a method for detecting the guard ring through the phased array ultrasonic transverse waves, and although the application mentions the problem that the defect reflected waves and the guard ring structure waves are difficult to distinguish in the existing detection method, the scheme does not solve the problem that the phased array transverse wave detection cannot effectively distinguish the guard ring structure reflected waves from the defect reflected waves, so that the detection precision is low, a large amount of energy is consumed for screening reflected wave signals in the actual detection work, and the use requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a nondestructive testing method for the protective ring of the in-service generator, which can improve the influence of structural reflected waves on a testing result.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a nondestructive testing method for an in-service generator retaining ring based on a phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe comprises the following steps,
s1: scanning the guard ring by using a probe, and estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring;
s2: adjusting working parameters of the phased array detector to obtain the optimal imaging effect;
s3: scanning a chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring, and adjusting echo gain according to an echo signal to determine detection sensitivity;
s4: performing initial scanning on the inner wall of the guard ring on the outer surface of the guard ring through a phased array detector to find out regularly occurring structural reflected waves;
s5: circumferential and axial scanning is carried out on the outer surface of the generator retaining ring, A scanning signals and S scanning signals are observed, structural reflection waves are eliminated, and other reflection signals are defect reflection waves.
Compared with the existing ultrasonic phased array detection based on the linear array probe, the ultrasonic phased array detection method based on the linear array probe has the advantages that the reasonable detection process is set, the detection sensitivity is higher, the focusing energy is more concentrated and stronger, the defects can be reflected more truly, the tiny defects which are difficult to be found in the prior art are found, the structural reflected wave is removed, whether the damage echo signal exists or not can be accurately determined, the damage position can be further determined, the detection accuracy and the detection precision are improved, the harmful defects of the inner wall of the guard ring can be efficiently and accurately detected, and the ultrasonic phased array detection method based on the linear array probe has important significance for accurately evaluating the internal quality of the generator guard ring.
Preferably, the method for estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring includes moving the probe on the outer surface of the guard ring, estimating the level of grain size according to the amplitude of the grain echo, and determining the sound velocity of the guard ring according to the level of grain size.
Preferably, in step S2, the display mode, the acoustic path range, the focusing depth, and the angle range of the phased array detector are adjusted based on information of the guard ring, the probe, and the wedge.
Preferably, the grommet information includes a structural outline, a size, a material and a sound velocity of the grommet;
the probe information comprises the type, frequency, array element number and array element spacing of the probe;
the wedge signal comprises refraction angles of a longitudinal wave wedge and a transverse wave wedge.
Preferably, the probe adopts a one-transmitting one-receiving double-sided array probe, the frequency is 1 MHz-4 MHz, the number of main axis array elements is more than 8, and the number of secondary axis array elements is more than 2; the refraction angle of the longitudinal wave wedge block and the transverse wave wedge block is 45-60 degrees, the display mode is A scanning and S scanning, the vertical sound path range is 1.3-1.6 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, the focusing depth is 1-1.2 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, and the angle range is 25-70 degrees.
Preferably, when the phased array detector is provided with an automatic encoder, the display mode further comprises D-scanning or E-scanning.
Preferably, the method for determining the detection sensitivity of the phased array detector in step S3 is to scan the chamfered area on the inner surface of the guard ring through the probe, adjust the gain to make the chamfer signal echo reach 80% of the full screen, and then gain 6DB as the detection sensitivity.
The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe provided by the invention has the advantages that: compared with the existing ultrasonic phased array detection based on the linear array probe, the ultrasonic phased array detection method based on the linear array probe has the advantages that the reasonable detection process is set, the detection sensitivity is higher, the focusing energy is more concentrated and stronger, the defects can be reflected more truly, the tiny defects which are difficult to be found in the prior art are found, the structural reflected wave is removed, whether the damage echo signal exists or not can be accurately determined, the damage position can be further determined, the detection accuracy and the detection precision are improved, the harmful defects of the inner wall of the guard ring can be efficiently and accurately detected, and the ultrasonic phased array detection method based on the linear array probe has important significance for accurately evaluating the internal quality of the generator guard ring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an in-service generator guard ring nondestructive testing method based on a phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a grommet test block used in a method for nondestructive testing of a grommet of an in-service generator based on a phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of echo signals obtained by the in-service generator guard ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a nondestructive testing method for an in-service generator retaining ring based on a phased array double-sided array probe, which includes the following steps,
s1: scanning the guard ring by using a probe, and estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring;
in this embodiment, a guard ring test block is used for testing, a cross-sectional structure of the guard ring test block refers to fig. 2, and the method for estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring can use the requirements of a standard file/T10326 for measurement.
S2: adjusting working parameters of the phased array detector to obtain the optimal imaging effect;
specifically, the display mode, the sound path range, the focusing depth and the angle range of the phased array detector are adjusted based on the information of a retaining ring, a probe and a wedge block;
the guard ring information comprises the structural outline, the size, the material and the sound velocity of the guard ring;
the probe information comprises the type, frequency, array element number and array element spacing of the probe;
the wedge signal includes refraction angles of the longitudinal wave wedge and the transverse wave wedge.
5. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 4, characterized in that: the probe adopts a one-transmitting one-receiving double-sided array probe, the frequency is 1 MHz-4 MHz, the number of main axis array elements is more than 8, and the number of secondary axis array elements is more than 2; the refraction angle of the longitudinal wave wedge block and the transverse wave wedge block is 45-60 degrees, the display mode is A scanning and S scanning, the vertical sound path range is 1.3-1.6 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, the focusing depth is 1-1.2 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, and the angle range is 25-70 degrees.
The probe adopts a one-transmitting-one-receiving double-sided array probe, the frequency is 1 MHz-4 MHz, the number of main axis array elements is more than 8, and the number of secondary axis array elements is more than 2; the refraction angle of the longitudinal wave wedge block and the transverse wave wedge block is 45-60 degrees, the display mode is A scanning and S scanning, and when an automatic encoder is provided, the display mode can also comprise D scanning or E scanning; the vertical acoustic path range is 1.3-1.6 times of the thickness of the guard ring wall, the focusing depth is 1-1.2 times of the thickness of the guard ring wall, and the angle range is 25-70 degrees.
S3: scanning a chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring, and adjusting echo gain according to an echo signal to determine detection sensitivity;
the method for determining the sensitivity comprises the steps of scanning a chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring through a probe, adjusting the gain to enable the echo of a chamfer signal to reach 80% of a full screen, and then, taking a gain of 6DB as the detection sensitivity.
S4: performing initial scanning on the inner wall of the guard ring on the outer surface of the guard ring by using a phased array detector to find out regularly occurring structural reflected waves;
s5: circumferential and axial scanning is carried out on the outer surface of the generator retaining ring, A scanning signals and S scanning signals are observed, structural reflected waves are eliminated, and other reflected signals are defect reflected waves.
In one embodiment of the invention, a double-sided array probe with 2.5MHZ frequency and 8 multiplied by 4 array elements is adopted to detect the guard ring, the wedge block adopts a 63.52-degree longitudinal wave wedge block, the wall thickness of the guard ring is about 75mm, and the inner surface of the guard ring is processed with artificial defects; the sound velocity of the test retaining ring is 5755m/S, the information of the probe, the workpiece and the wedge block is set, the display mode is A scanning and S scanning, the sound path range is 120mm, and the focusing depth is 80mm; the angle range is 30-70 degrees, the probe is aligned to the inner wall end angle of the guard ring after the parameters are adjusted, the reflected echo reaches 80 percent of the screen, the gain value of the system is recorded to be 40.5dB, and the scanning sensitivity is obtained by increasing 6 dB.
Referring to fig. 3, after rough scanning, it is determined that the guard ring has two chamfer structural waves, then circumferential and axial scanning detection is performed on the outer surface of the guard ring, after structural reflection waves are provided, defect reflection waves are determined according to remaining reflection signals, and defect positions can be determined through signal processing.
Compare in current ultrasonic phased array based on linear array probe and detect, this embodiment can realize higher detectivity through setting for reasonable detection technology, its focused energy is concentrated more and powerful, can be more real reaction out the defect, discover the small defect that prior art is difficult to discover, and through rejecting the structure back wave, whether there is the damage echo signal in the determination that can be accurate, and can further confirm the damage position, improve and detect accuracy and detection precision, can be high-efficient and accurate detect out the harm defect of grommet inner wall, it has important meaning to the inside quality of assurance evaluation generator grommet.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nondestructive testing method for an in-service generator retaining ring based on a phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) preparing a solution,
s1: scanning the guard ring by using a probe, and estimating the sound velocity of the guard ring;
s2: adjusting working parameters of the phased array detector to obtain the optimal imaging effect;
s3: scanning a chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring, and adjusting echo gain according to an echo signal to determine detection sensitivity;
s4: performing initial scanning on the inner wall of the guard ring on the outer surface of the guard ring through a phased array detector to find out regularly occurring structural reflected waves;
s5: circumferential and axial scanning is carried out on the outer surface of the generator retaining ring, A scanning signals and S scanning signals are observed, structural reflected waves are eliminated, and other reflected signals are defect reflected waves.
2. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method for estimating the sound velocity of the retaining ring comprises the steps of moving a probe on the outer surface of the retaining ring, estimating the grade of grain size according to the amplitude of grain echo, and determining the sound velocity of the retaining ring according to the grade of grain size.
3. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S2, the display mode, the sound path range, the gathering depth and the angle range of the phased array detector are adjusted based on the information of the guard ring, the probe and the wedge block.
4. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 3, characterized in that: the grommet information comprises the structural outline, size, material and sound velocity of the grommet;
the probe information comprises the type, frequency, array element number and array element spacing of the probe;
the wedge signal comprises refraction angles of a longitudinal wave wedge and a transverse wave wedge.
5. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 4, characterized in that: the probe adopts a one-transmitting-one-receiving double-sided array probe, the frequency is 1 MHz-4 MHz, the number of main axis array elements is more than 8, and the number of secondary axis array elements is more than 2; the refraction angle of the longitudinal wave wedge block and the transverse wave wedge block is 45-60 degrees, the display mode is A scanning and S scanning, the vertical sound path range is 1.3-1.6 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, the focusing depth is 1-1.2 times of the wall thickness of the guard ring, and the angle range is 25-70 degrees.
6. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: when the phased array detector is provided with an automatic encoder, the display mode further comprises D scanning or E scanning.
7. The in-service generator retaining ring nondestructive testing method based on the phased array ultrasonic double-sided array probe according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S3, scanning the chamfer area on the inner surface of the guard ring through the probe, adjusting the gain to enable the chamfer signal echo to reach 80% of the full screen, and then taking the gain 6DB as the detection sensitivity.
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