CN115419541B - Flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and working method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115419541B CN115419541B CN202210970195.7A CN202210970195A CN115419541B CN 115419541 B CN115419541 B CN 115419541B CN 202210970195 A CN202210970195 A CN 202210970195A CN 115419541 B CN115419541 B CN 115419541B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
Abstract
The invention relates to a flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and a working method thereof, and provides the flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and the working method thereof, so as to solve the problems that a pumped storage station depends on geographical conditions, is high in cost, is long in construction time and the like. The method is suitable for the technical fields of geological energy utilization and energy storage. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the system comprises: the surface reservoir is used for storing normal-pressure water; the underground water storage layer is arranged in a hard rock stratum at the depth of the underground and is used for storing high-pressure water, and rocks which are extruded by the high-pressure water and elastically deform on the side wall of the water storage layer can provide back pressure for water in the water storage layer; the medium-high pressure air ball is provided with a plurality of air balls which are arranged in the underground water storage layer; the balloon is provided with a shell made of polyethylene film, and medium-high pressure nitrogen and a plurality of phase change material capsules which can stabilize the temperature in the balloon within a certain range through heat absorption and release are arranged in the shell; the water pump turbine is respectively communicated with the surface reservoir and the underground water storage layer through water pipes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and a working method thereof. The method is suitable for the technical fields of geological energy utilization and energy storage.
Background
Pumped storage, namely, water is used as an energy storage medium, and electric energy is stored and managed through mutual conversion of electric energy and potential energy. And pumping water to an upper reservoir by using the electric energy in the low valley of the electric load, and discharging water to a lower reservoir to generate electricity in the peak period of the electric load. The redundant electric energy when the load of the power grid is low can be converted into high-value electric energy in the peak period of the power grid. The method is suitable for frequency modulation and phase modulation, stabilizes the frequency and voltage of the power system, and can also improve the efficiency of thermal power stations and nuclear power stations in the system.
Pumped storage is the most mature technology, optimal economy and the energy storage mode with the largest scale development condition. However, the construction of pumped-storage power stations has a great geographical limitation, because the upper and lower reservoirs are required to be located at relatively close distances and have relatively high height differences. Under the condition of limited height difference, the energy density of the pumped storage power station is limited. Therefore, the pumped storage has high site selection requirement, long construction period, high investment cost and long return period, and usually requires more than 30 years of return period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: aiming at the problems, a flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and a working method thereof are provided to solve the problems that a pumped storage station depends on geographical conditions, has high cost, long construction time and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a flexible pumped storage system based on a ground mass energy, comprising:
the surface reservoir is used for storing normal-pressure water;
the underground water storage layer is arranged in a hard rock stratum at the depth of the underground and is used for storing high-pressure water, and rocks which are extruded by the high-pressure water and elastically deform on the side wall of the water storage layer can provide back pressure for water in the water storage layer;
the medium-high pressure air ball is provided with a plurality of air balls which are arranged in the underground water storage layer; the balloon is provided with a shell made of polyethylene film, and medium-high pressure nitrogen and a plurality of phase change material capsules which can stabilize the temperature in the balloon within a certain range through heat absorption and release are arranged in the shell;
the water pump turbine is respectively communicated with the surface reservoir and the underground water storage layer through water pipes and is used for pumping water in the surface reservoir into the underground water storage layer under the working condition of the water pump; the water turbine is used for generating electricity by utilizing high-pressure water flowing out of an underground water storage layer under the working condition of the water turbine.
The underground water storage layer is communicated with the underground high-pressure well, the lower end of the underground high-pressure well is communicated with the underground water storage layer, and the upper end of the underground high-pressure well extends to the ground surface and is communicated with the water outlet under the working condition of the water pump and the water turbine through the water pipe.
A pressure valve I is arranged on a water pipe between the water pump turbine and the surface reservoir; and a pressure valve II is arranged on a water pipe between the water pump turbine and the underground water storage layer.
The hard rock stratum is selected from granite, basalt or limestone stratum.
The water pump turbine adopts a full-variable-frequency water pump turbine.
The flexible pumped storage system based on the ground energy is characterized in that:
the working state process of pumping and energy storage comprises the following steps:
the water pump turbine is driven to work under the working condition of the water pump by using the redundant electric quantity, and pumps water in the surface reservoir into the underground water storage layer;
the water extrudes underground rock in the underground water storage layer, and the high-pressure water is converted into deformation potential energy of the rock for storage;
in the process of extruding the underground rock by high-pressure water, the water pressure is continuously increased, and at the moment, the volume of the medium-high pressure balloon in the underground water storage layer is reduced when the external pressure is increased; meanwhile, as compression heat is generated at the interface of water and rock, the temperature is increased, the phase-change material in the phase-change material capsule absorbs heat and melts, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the expansion of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by heating is avoided;
the drainage power generation working state process comprises the following steps:
the water in the pressure-acting underground water storage layer flows into a water pump water turbine to drive the water pump water turbine to reversely rotate so as to generate electricity, and the water which does work in the water pump water turbine flows into a surface water storage pool to be stored;
as water drains from the underground reservoir, the groundwater pressure decreases. At the moment, the medium-high pressure balloon in the underground water storage layer expands in volume when the external pressure is reduced; meanwhile, because the underground water does work to the outside to generate electricity, the temperature of the underground water is reduced, the phase-change material in the phase-change material capsule releases heat and solidifies, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the shrinkage of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by the reduction of the external temperature is avoided.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the invention, the normal pressure water in the surface reservoir is pumped into the underground water storage layer in the hard rock stratum in the deep underground by utilizing the redundant electric quantity, high-pressure water is formed in the underground water storage layer, the high-pressure water extrudes underground rock in the underground water storage layer, and the high-pressure water is converted into deformation potential energy of the rock for storage. The invention uses the ground energy to store energy, simplifies the structure of the pumping and storing power station, shortens the construction period and reduces the initial investment cost.
According to the invention, a plurality of medium-high pressure balloons are placed in the underground water storage layer, and the volume of the medium-high pressure balloons is changed along with the change of the external pressure, and the characteristics of heat absorption and heat release of the phase change material capsules are utilized, so that when the underground water storage layer stores water, the volume of the medium-high pressure balloons contracts, and more storage space is provided for the underground water storage layer; when the underground water storage layer discharges water, the medium-high pressure air sphere expands in volume to provide stable back pressure for the water pump turbine, and ensure continuous and stable operation of the system.
According to the invention, nitrogen is filled in the medium-high pressure balloon, and the nitrogen is used as inert gas to avoid oxidation and deterioration of the phase-change material such as polyol in the phase-change material capsule after repeated melting and solidification cycles, so that the service life of the material is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment.
1. Clean energy connection lines; 2. a super capacitor; 3. clean energy steady flow electric outlet line; 4. a motor generator; 5. a water pump turbine; 6. a transmission structure; 7. a motor generator power supply line; 8. a water pump turbine water pipe I; 9. a water pump turbine water pipe II; 10. a pressure valve I; 11. a surface reservoir; 12. a pressure valve II; 13. underground high-pressure well; 14. an underground water storage layer; 15. medium-high pressure balloons; 16. a phase change material capsule; 17. and a control center.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is a flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy, which comprises an earth surface reservoir, an underground water storage layer, a water pump turbine, a control center and the like.
The earth surface reservoir is arranged on the earth surface and is used for storing normal-pressure water; the underground water storage layer is arranged in a hard rock stratum deep in the underground and is used for storing high-pressure water. The upper part of the underground water storage layer is communicated with an underground high-pressure well, the lower end of the underground high-pressure well is communicated with the underground water storage layer, and the upper end of the underground high-pressure well extends to the ground surface.
In this embodiment, a plurality of medium-high pressure balloons are placed in the underground water storage layer. The medium-high pressure balloon is provided with a balloon shell made of polyethylene film, and is internally provided with medium-high pressure nitrogen and a plurality of phase change material capsules. The phase change material capsule contains polyalcohol phase change materials such as galactitol, mannitol, etc., and their phase change temperature is 80-250deg.C.
In this example, the medium-high pressure balloon can be reduced in volume when the external pressure increases, and expanded in volume when the external pressure decreases. When the external temperature is high, the polyol in the phase change material capsule absorbs heat and melts, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and expansion caused by heating is avoided; when the external temperature is low, the polyol in the phase change material capsule is heat-released and solidified, so that the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the shrinkage of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by cooling is avoided. The nitrogen is used as inert gas to avoid oxidation and deterioration of the polyol in the phase change material capsule after repeated melting and solidification circulation.
In the embodiment, the water pump water turbine is connected with the motor generator through transmission of the transmission structure, the motor generator is connected with the clean energy steady-flow electric outlet line through the clean energy connecting line and the super capacitor circuit, and the motor generator is also connected with the motor generator power supply line. The water inlet of the water pump turbine under the working condition is communicated with the surface reservoir through the water pump turbine water pipe I and the pressure valve I, and the water outlet of the water pump turbine under the working condition is communicated with the upper end of the underground high-pressure well through the water pump turbine water pipe II and the pressure valve II.
The water pump water turbine adopts the full-variable-frequency water pump water turbine, can realize stable operation and ensure output power of the water pump water turbine under the working condition that the back pressure is continuously changed, does not need to be connected with a plurality of water pump water turbines in parallel, and enables different water pump water turbines to work under different working conditions, thereby saving the cost of the pump and also saving water resources.
In the embodiment, the control center is respectively connected with a motor generator, pressure valves I and II, a surface reservoir, monitoring sensors in the underground water storage layer and the like, and is used for remotely monitoring and controlling all main equipment in the system.
In the embodiment, the hard rock stratum is granite, basalt, limestone and the like, and the hard rock geology has the advantages of high strength and large deformation modulus. Granite is widely distributed in the western, north, northeast and southeast areas; basalt is mainly distributed in the inner Mongolia, hebei, heilongjiang, liaoning, guangdong, hainan province and other partial areas; besides the fact that the distribution of the provinces of Xinjiang, tibet, inner Mongolia, qinghai, heilongjiang and Jilin is small, limestone is distributed in a large quantity in other provinces in China. From the view point of the mechanical property and the distribution of the rock stratum, the granite, basalt, limestone and the like are selected, so that the limitation of site selection on the geographical conditions can be eliminated.
The working principle of this embodiment is as follows:
A. the working state process of pumping and energy storage comprises the following steps:
in the electricity consumption valley period, redundant fluctuation and unstable current generated by renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like flow into the super capacitor through the clean energy connecting wire, the super capacitor modulates the frequency of the current, and stable current is output through the clean energy steady-current electric outlet wire. The current flows into the motor generator from the clean energy steady flow electric outlet line, and the motor generator drives the water pump turbine to start working. At this time, the pressure valve I and the pressure valve II are opened, the water pump turbine flows the water in the surface reservoir into the water pump turbine along the water pump turbine water pipe branch III, and the water in the water pump turbine flows out from the water pump turbine water pipe II, flows into the underground high-pressure well through the pressure valve II, and finally flows into the underground water storage layer.
The water extrudes underground rock in the underground water storage layer, and the high-pressure water is converted into deformation potential energy of the rock for storage.
In the process of pressing underground rock by high-pressure water, the water pressure is continuously increased. At this time, the medium-high pressure balloon is reduced in volume when the external pressure increases. At the same time, the temperature rises due to the heat of compression generated at the water and rock interface. At this time, the polyol in the phase change material capsule absorbs heat and melts, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the expansion of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by heating is avoided. Therefore, under the actions of the pressure rise of the underground water and the heat absorption of the phase change material capsule, the whole volume of the medium-high pressure balloon is reduced, so that more high-pressure water is stored in the underground water storage layer. After the energy storage is completed, the pressure valve I and the pressure valve II are closed.
B. The drainage power generation working state process comprises the following steps:
rock in the underground water storage layer, which is squeezed by high-pressure water to generate elastic deformation, can give water a high back pressure. In the electricity peak period, the pressure valve I and the pressure valve II are opened, and water in the underground water storage layer can flow out of the pressure valve II under the action of pressure and flow into the water pump turbine along the water pump turbine water pipe II. The water flowing into the water pump turbine drives the water pump turbine to rotate reversely, drives the motor generator to rotate reversely to generate electricity, and outputs electric energy through the power supply line of the motor generator to supply power outwards. The water which does work in the water pump turbine flows out through the water pipe I of the water pump turbine and flows into the surface reservoir through the pressure valve I for storage.
As water drains from the underground reservoir, the groundwater pressure decreases. At this time, the medium-high pressure balloon expands in volume when the external pressure decreases. Meanwhile, because the underground water does work to the outside to generate electricity, the temperature of the underground water is reduced according to a first law of thermodynamics. At this time, the polyol in the phase change material capsule is heat-released and solidified, so that the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the shrinkage of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by the reduction of the external temperature is avoided. Therefore, under the action of the reduction of the pressure of the underground water and the heat release of the phase change material capsule, the whole volume of the medium-high pressure balloon expands to provide pressure for the underground water so as to maintain constant back pressure and push the underground water to flow out stably. When the power generation is finished, the pressure valve I and the pressure valve II are closed immediately.
The embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any other modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A flexible pumped storage system based on a ground mass energy, comprising:
the surface reservoir is used for storing normal-pressure water;
the underground water storage layer is arranged in a hard rock stratum at the depth of the underground and is used for storing high-pressure water, and rocks which are extruded by the high-pressure water and elastically deform on the side wall of the water storage layer can provide back pressure for water in the water storage layer;
the medium-high pressure air ball is provided with a plurality of air balls which are arranged in the underground water storage layer; the balloon is provided with a shell made of polyethylene film, and medium-high pressure nitrogen and a plurality of phase change material capsules which can stabilize the temperature in the balloon within a certain range through heat absorption and release are arranged in the shell;
the water pump turbine is respectively communicated with the surface reservoir and the underground water storage layer through water pipes and is used for pumping water in the surface reservoir into the underground water storage layer under the working condition of the water pump; the water turbine is used for generating electricity by utilizing high-pressure water flowing out of an underground water storage layer under the working condition of the water turbine.
2. The ground-based flexible pumped-storage system of claim 1, wherein: the underground water storage layer is communicated with the underground high-pressure well, the lower end of the underground high-pressure well is communicated with the underground water storage layer, and the upper end of the underground high-pressure well extends to the ground surface and is communicated with the water outlet under the working condition of the water pump and the water turbine through the water pipe.
3. The ground-based flexible pumped-storage system of claim 1, wherein: a pressure valve I is arranged on a water pipe between the water pump turbine and the surface reservoir; and a pressure valve II is arranged on a water pipe between the water pump turbine and the underground water storage layer.
4. The ground-based flexible pumped-storage system of claim 1, wherein: the hard rock stratum is selected from granite, basalt or limestone stratum.
5. The ground-based flexible pumped-storage system of claim 1, wherein: the water pump turbine adopts a full-variable-frequency water pump turbine.
6. A flexible pumped storage system based on a mass energy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that:
the working state process of pumping and energy storage comprises the following steps:
the water pump turbine is driven to work under the working condition of the water pump by using the redundant electric quantity, and pumps water in the surface reservoir into the underground water storage layer;
the water extrudes underground rock in the underground water storage layer, and the high-pressure water is converted into deformation potential energy of the rock for storage;
in the process of extruding the underground rock by high-pressure water, the water pressure is continuously increased, and at the moment, the volume of the medium-high pressure balloon in the underground water storage layer is reduced when the external pressure is increased; meanwhile, as compression heat is generated at the interface of water and rock, the temperature is increased, the phase-change material in the phase-change material capsule absorbs heat and melts, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the expansion of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by heating is avoided;
the drainage power generation working state process comprises the following steps:
the pressure drives water in the underground water storage layer to flow into a water pump water turbine, drives the water pump water turbine to reversely rotate for generating electricity, and flows into a surface water storage pool for storage after work is done in the water pump water turbine;
as water is discharged from the underground water storage layer, the pressure of the underground water is reduced, and at the moment, the medium-high pressure balloon in the underground water storage layer expands in volume when the external pressure is reduced; meanwhile, because the underground water does work to the outside to generate electricity, the temperature of the underground water is reduced, the phase-change material in the phase-change material capsule releases heat and solidifies, the temperature of the medium-high pressure balloon is kept constant, and the shrinkage of the medium-high pressure balloon caused by the reduction of the external temperature is avoided.
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| CN202210970195.7A CN115419541B (en) | 2022-08-12 | 2022-08-12 | Flexible pumped storage system based on ground energy and working method thereof |
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| US10707802B1 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-07 | AquaEnergy, LLC | Pressurized pumped hydro storage system |
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| CN114016988A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 王瀚艺 | Method and system for storing and releasing energy through formation |
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| US8950181B2 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2015-02-10 | Steven Thomas Ivy | Energy storage system |
| EP3768966B1 (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2022-10-19 | Hans Gude Gudesen | Underwater energy storage system |
| CN115013220B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2023-10-13 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Compact geothermal energy compressed air energy storage system and method based on medium-deep dry-hot rock |
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| CN101027480A (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2007-08-29 | 特拉瓦特控股公司 | Method of developing and producing deep geothermal reservoirs |
| US10707802B1 (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-07-07 | AquaEnergy, LLC | Pressurized pumped hydro storage system |
| CN111173486A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-19 | 奎德奈特能源股份有限公司 | Hydrogeological fracture energy storage system with desalination |
| CN113677885A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-11-19 | 莫罗·佩德里蒂 | Method and apparatus for storing energy |
| CN114016988A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-02-08 | 王瀚艺 | Method and system for storing and releasing energy through formation |
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