CN115413666B - 一种猕猴桃授粉液及制备方法和猕猴桃授粉方法 - Google Patents
一种猕猴桃授粉液及制备方法和猕猴桃授粉方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及猕猴桃种植领域,具体涉及一种猕猴桃授粉液及制备方法和猕猴桃授粉方法,该一种猕猴桃授粉液由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:芸苔素甾醇0.05~0.07%;DSPE‑MPEG2000 1.5~3%;大球盖菇多糖1~3%;白砂糖0.3~0.7%,植物源胶30%,其余为水。本发明通过猕猴桃授粉配方的优化设计,使得花粉无论在阴雨天还是正午午后(雌花花柱粘液稀少时)都可以稳定的吸附在雌花柱头上,授粉质量稳定,协同芸苔素甾醇和大球盖菇多糖的添加,可以显著提高猕猴桃的座果率和优果率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及猕猴桃种植领域,具体涉及一种猕猴桃授粉液及制备方法和猕猴桃授粉方法。
背景技术
猕猴桃为雌雄异株授粉植物,人工辅助授粉的质量是决定最终产品数量及品质的关键环节。目前,国内猕猴桃人工授粉主要以干粉授粉为主,其用时长,受限制条件多,如正午午后柱头干燥或阴雨天等均会影响其授粉的质量。急需提供一种授粉质量稳定且限制条件少的猕猴桃人工授粉技术。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种猕猴桃授粉液及制备方法和猕猴桃授粉方法,在正午午后柱头干燥后或阴雨天均可进行授粉,授粉质量稳定。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05~0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 1.5~3 %;大球盖菇多糖1~3%;白砂糖0.3~0.7%,植物源胶30%,其余为水。
作为优选,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05%;DSPE-MPEG2000 1.5%;大球盖菇多糖1%;白砂糖 0.3%,植物源胶30%,其余为水。
作为优选,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 3 %;大球盖菇多糖3%;白砂糖 0.7%,植物源胶30%,其余为水。
作为优选,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.06%;DSPE-MPEG2000 2.25%;大球盖菇多糖2%;白砂糖 0.5%,植物源胶30%,其余为水。
本发明还提供了一种制备上述的猕猴桃授粉液的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、按质量百分比称取各组分;
S2、将植物源胶超声分散于水中,形成植物源胶悬混液;
S3、在65~70℃,0.06MP条件下,向植物源胶悬混液中依次加入大球盖菇多糖、芸苔素甾醇、白砂糖、DSPE-MPEG2000,超声分散30min,冷却至常温,密封保存。
本发明还提供了一种猕猴桃授粉方法,采用上述的猕猴桃授粉液与花粉混合后,通过喷雾器向猕猴桃雌株的花朵上进行喷洒授粉,其中,猕猴桃授粉液与花粉的体积质量比为:100:1~2,按每株猕猴桃雌株0.1mL~0.2mL的进行喷洒授粉。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
通过猕猴桃授粉配方的优化设计,使得花粉无论在阴雨天还是正午午后(雌花花柱粘液稀少时)都可以稳定的吸附在雌花柱头上,授粉质量稳定,协同芸苔素甾醇和大球盖菇多糖的添加,可以显著提高猕猴桃的座果率和优果率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05%;DSPE-MPEG2000 1.5%;大球盖菇多糖1%;白砂糖 0.3%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
实施例2
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 3 %;大球盖菇多糖3%;白砂糖 0.7%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
实施例3
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.06%;DSPE-MPEG2000 2.25%;大球盖菇多糖2%;白砂糖 0.5%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
制备方法:
S1、按质量百分比称取各组分;
S2、将魔芋胶超声分散于水中,形成植物源胶悬混液;
S3、在65~70℃,0.06MP条件下,向植物源胶悬混液中依次加入大球盖菇多糖、芸苔素甾醇、白砂糖、DSPE-MPEG2000,超声分散30min,冷却至常温,密封保存。
对比例1
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05%;大球盖菇多糖1%;白砂糖 0.3%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
制备时,将魔芋胶超声分散于水中,形成植物源胶悬混液;在65~70℃,0.06MP条件下,向植物源胶悬混液中依次加入大球盖菇多糖、芸苔素甾醇、白砂糖,超声分散30min,冷却至常温,密封保存。
对比例2
一种猕猴桃授粉液,由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 3 %;白砂糖 0.7%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
制备时,将魔芋胶超声分散于水中,形成植物源胶悬混液;在65~70℃,0.06MP条件下,向植物源胶悬混液中依次加入芸苔素甾醇、白砂糖、DSPE-MPEG2000,超声分散30min,冷却至常温,密封保存。
供试品种为8年生的高接红阳猕猴桃,在猕猴桃果园划定3个试验区A、B、C和3对照区D、E、F,各20株。
试验区A:在1/2~2/3的雌花开放时,于露水干后进行喷雾授粉,大风天不宜进行,将实施例1所得的猕猴桃授粉液与花粉按100:2的比例混合后,通过喷雾器向猕猴桃雌株的花朵上进行喷雾授粉,喷雾器距离花约15cm左右,每朵花喷2下,也就是0.2mL。
试验区B:采用实施例2所得的猕猴桃授粉液,其余设计同试验区A;
试验区C:采用实施例3所得的猕猴桃授粉液,其余设计同试验区A;
对照区D:采用对比例1所得的猕猴桃授粉液,其余设计同试验区A;
对照区E:采用对比例2所得的猕猴桃授粉液,其余设计同试验区A
对照区F:采用人工点粉,用毛笔或棉签对供试花朵进行人工点授。
检测指标:花朵坐果率。
结果:
可见,试验区A、B和C的花朵坐果率均显著高于对照区D、E、F,同时,基于对照区D和对照区E和试验区的对比情况,可以得出DSPE-MPEG2000 、大球盖菇多糖两者同时添加时,具有协同增效的作用。
另,选取两个试验区,各20株,其中一个试验区选择阴雨天,采用试验区A的授粉方式授粉;另一个试验区选择在正午午后(雌花花柱粘液稀少时)采用试验区A的授粉方式授粉,统计两个试验区的花朵坐果率,结果:阴雨天组:81.17%;正午午后组:81.39%,可见,本发明的授粉方法无论在阴雨天还是正午午后(雌花花柱粘液稀少时)都可以使得花粉稳定的吸附在雌花柱头上,授粉质量稳定。
选取各试验区和对照区的15个典型果实(个头最大的),测定其单果质量,结果:试验区所得的猕猴桃单果质量均显著高于对照区E和F,高于对照区D,较对照区F,增重20%左右。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。
Claims (8)
1.一种猕猴桃授粉液,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05~0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 1.5~3 %;大球盖菇多糖1~3%;白砂糖0.3~0.7%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种猕猴桃授粉液,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.05%;DSPE-MPEG2000 1.5%;大球盖菇多糖1%;白砂糖 0.3%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种猕猴桃授粉液,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇0.07%;DSPE-MPEG2000 3 %;大球盖菇多糖3%;白砂糖 0.7%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种猕猴桃授粉液,其特征在于:由以下质量百分比的原料制备所得:
芸苔素甾醇 0.06%;DSPE-MPEG2000 2.25%;大球盖菇多糖2%;白砂糖 0.5%,魔芋胶30%,其余为水。
5.一种制备如权利要求1~4任一项所述的猕猴桃授粉液的方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、按质量百分比称取各组分;
S2、将魔芋胶超声分散于水中,形成魔芋胶悬混液;
S3、在65~70℃,0.06MP条件下,向魔芋胶悬混液中依次加入大球盖菇多糖、芸苔素甾醇、白砂糖、DSPE-MPEG2000,超声分散30min,冷却至常温,密封保存。
6.一种猕猴桃授粉方法,其特征在于:采用权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的猕猴桃授粉液与花粉混合后,通过喷雾器向猕猴桃雌株的花朵上进行喷洒授粉。
7.如权利要求6所述的猕猴桃授粉方法,其特征在于:猕猴桃授粉液与花粉的体积质量比为:100:1~2。
8.如权利要求6所述的猕猴桃授粉方法,其特征在于:按每株猕猴桃雌株0.1mL~0.2mL的进行喷洒授粉。
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