CN115411473B - TE based on E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide n0 Mode exciter - Google Patents

TE based on E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide n0 Mode exciter Download PDF

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CN115411473B
CN115411473B CN202210966439.4A CN202210966439A CN115411473B CN 115411473 B CN115411473 B CN 115411473B CN 202210966439 A CN202210966439 A CN 202210966439A CN 115411473 B CN115411473 B CN 115411473B
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branch
waveguide
plane
section
exciter
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CN115411473A (en
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舒国响
许福兴
廖家财
林广新
何敬聪
任浚辰
林举建
李琪
何文龙
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/16—Auxiliary devices for mode selection, e.g. mode suppression or mode promotion; for mode conversion

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Abstract

The application is suitable forThe technical field of Hertz vacuum electronic devices provides a moment TE based on an E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide n0 A mode actuator comprising: the device comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an E-plane Y-shaped branching junction, n branching waveguides and an overmode output waveguide; wherein n is an integer not less than 2; the first end of the input rectangular waveguide is accessed to TE 10 The second end of the fundamental mode signal is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction; the first end of the branch waveguide is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, and the second end of the branch waveguide is connected with the overmode output waveguide; the branched waveguide has only one electromagnetic wave propagation path, and the difference between the lengths of the electromagnetic wave propagation paths of the adjacent branched waveguides is the TE 10 Odd multiples of the fundamental mode signal half waveguide wavelength. The application can obtain TE with arbitrary n value by reasonably setting the number of n and the propagation path length n0 The signal has wider applicability.

Description

TEn0 mode exciter based on E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of terahertz vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide.
Background
Millimeter wave/terahertz wave has wide application prospect in a plurality of application fields such as security check imaging, high data rate communication, high-precision radar detection and the like due to the characteristics of high spectrum bandwidth, more portable information, low photon energy, high safety, good directionality and the like.
The mode exciter is used as one of key components of a terahertz application system, and can be used for measuring high-frequency characteristics of a high-order overmode plane slow wave structure, constructing a rectangular-to-round mode converter, constructing a rotating joint of a radar, constructing a rotary traveling wave input coupler and other related application scenes.
However, the mode exciter in the prior art has a certain limitation in the type of mode for outputting electromagnetic waves due to its structure. If the prior art is such, only TE can be excited 20 Or TE (TE) 2m,0 Mode (m=1, 2, …, even number of modes). The prior art is difficult to meet the application scene with complete output mode type requirements. Therefore, how to provide a method capable of outputting arbitrary higher-order modes TE n0 Mode drivers for (n=2, 3, 4.) signals are a technical problem that needs to be addressed in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide, which can solve the problems that the existing mode exciter is limited in output electromagnetic wave mode types and cannot be widely applied.
In order to solve the problems, the application provides a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branch waveguide, which comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, n branch waveguides and an overmode output waveguide; wherein n is an integer not less than 2;
the first end of the input rectangular waveguide is accessed to TE 10 The second end of the fundamental mode signal is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction;
the first end of the branch waveguide is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, and the second end of the branch waveguide is connected with the overmode output waveguide;
the branched waveguide has only one electromagnetic wave propagation path, and the difference between the lengths of the electromagnetic wave propagation paths of the adjacent branched waveguides is the TE 10 Odd multiples of the fundamental mode signal half waveguide wavelength.
TE (TE) for connecting input rectangular waveguide based on E-plane Y-shaped branching junction by using mode exciter 10 The power of the fundamental mode signal is distributed to n branch waveguides, and the electromagnetic wave propagation path length of the adjacent branch waveguides is reasonably set so thatElectromagnetic waves output by adjacent branch waveguides are signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase, and at least n branch waveguide output signals are integrated by utilizing the overmode output waveguides to obtain high-order TE n0 And (5) a mode signal.
In addition, the TE 10 The mode of the fundamental mode signal and the number n of branch waveguides jointly determine the output signal of the mode exciter, so that TE 10 The fundamental mode signal is TE 10 For example, the mode driver with n branch waveguides can output TE n0 The signal, that is, the mode exciter can obtain TE with arbitrary n value by reasonably setting the number of n and the propagation path length n0 The signal has wider applicability.
In one possible embodiment, the actuator coordinate system is:
there are at least two of the branched waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the z-axis; and, in addition, the processing unit,
there are at least two of the branched waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the xy plane;
the exciter coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system established by taking the direction from the input rectangular waveguide to the overmode output waveguide as the positive direction of the y axis and taking the plane of the E face of the branch waveguide as the xy plane.
According to the mode exciter, the branch waveguides are staggered in the z-axis direction, so that the size of the mode exciter can be reduced, and the mode exciter can be applied more flexibly; on the other hand, a sufficient space is provided for adjusting the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave of the branch waveguide.
In one possible embodiment, the branched waveguide includes a first branched section, a second branched section, and a third branched section;
The first end of the third branch section is connected with the second branch section, and the second end of the third branch section is connected with the overmode output waveguide; the first end of the second branch section is connected with the first branch section, and the second end of the second branch section is connected with the third branch section; the first end of the first branch section is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the first branch section is connected with the second branch section;
the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave in the branch waveguide is closely related to the mode conversion efficiency of the target mode; modulating the phase difference of each adjacent branch signal by adjusting the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the n-branch waveguide to obtain a high-order TE n0 And (5) molding.
In a possible implementation manner, the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides are on the same plane and are sequentially arranged in the x-axis direction;
the length of the overmode output waveguide in the x-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides in the x-axis direction;
the length of the overmode output waveguide in the z-axis direction is the same as the length of the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides in the z-axis direction.
The mode exciter is connected with the overmode output rectangular waveguide in a size matching way by the structure of the third branch section, so that the size of the mode exciter is further reduced, and the mode excitation efficiency is improved.
In one possible embodiment, the E-plane Y-branch junction includes a main branch waveguide and an n-branch mechanism;
the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the n branch mechanism; the first end of the n branch mechanism is connected with the main branch waveguide, and the second end to the n+1th end are respectively connected with n branch waveguides;
the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism are sequentially arranged in the z-axis direction; the length of the first end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction, and the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction are equal; the length of the first end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction is the same as the length of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction, so that the signals fed to the respective branch waveguides have a constant-amplitude characteristic.
The mode exciter connects the TE with the main E-face Y-shaped branch structure and the n branch structure 10 The base mode signal is distributed to the second to n+1 th ends of the n-branch mechanism and the distributed signals are in the same mode so as to modulate the phase difference of each adjacent branch signal by adjusting the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the n-branch waveguide and finally to be converted into the high-order mode signal by the overmode output waveguide.
In a possible embodiment, the xz cross-sectional dimension of the main branch waveguide, the projected dimension of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane, and the projected dimension of the first end of the n branch office on the xz plane are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
The mode exciter distributes the TE through a main branch waveguide matched with the input rectangular waveguide in size 10 The fundamental mode signal is sent to the n branch mechanism, so that the input rectangular waveguide adaptability is better.
In a possible implementation manner, the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction further comprises a gradual matching step; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide through the gradual-change matching step;
the first end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the main branch waveguide; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the gradual change type matching step;
the projection of the first end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane is the same as the projection of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane in size; the projection size of the second end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane, the xz section size of the main branch waveguide and the xz section size of the n branch mechanism are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
According to the mode exciter, the main branch waveguide and the input rectangular waveguide are connected by introducing the gradual matching steps, so that the main branch waveguide and the n branch mechanism have better flexibility in size, and the adaptability to the branch waveguides of all sizes is better. In addition, the introduction of the matching steps is favorable for realizing impedance matching, and the reflection coefficient of the port can be effectively reduced.
In a possible embodiment, the projection of the second and third branch sections on the xy plane is rectangular, and the projection rectangle of the second and third branch sections on the xy plane has two sides parallel to the y axis;
the projection of the first branch section on the xy plane is a parallelogram, and the projections of the first end and the second end of the first branch section on the xy plane form a pair of parallel sides of the parallelogram.
According to the mode exciter, the branch waveguides are staggered in the x-axis direction through the first branch sections so as to be matched with the connection positions of the over-mode output waveguides, and meanwhile, the second branch sections and the third branch sections of rectangular projection with better continuity are adopted, so that the discontinuous areas of the mode exciter are more concentrated, and reflection coefficient increment caused by the introduction of the discontinuity can be better restrained through the electromagnetic wave transmission path length of the second branch sections.
In a possible embodiment, the projection size of the first end of the first branch section on the xz plane is the same as the projection size of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism on the xz plane;
the projection size of the second end of the first branch section on the xz plane, the xz section size of the second branch section and the xz section size of the third branch section are the same.
According to the mode exciter, the size from the second end to the n+1 end of the n branch mechanism is matched with the size of the first end of the second branch section through the first branch section with the xz section gradually enlarged along with the positive direction of the y axis, and then the matching of the overall structure is realized through the second branch section, the third branch section and the overmode output waveguide in sequence, so that the discontinuity area of the mode exciter is more concentrated, and the increment of the reflection coefficient caused by the introduction of the discontinuity can be well restrained through the electromagnetic wave transmission path length of the second branch section.
In one possible embodiment, the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism are equal in length in the z-axis direction.
The mode exciter realizes the TE from the second end to the n+1 end of the n branch mechanism with equal height (namely equal length in the z-axis direction) 10 Equal power distribution of the fundamental mode signals enables electromagnetic wave signal power in each branch waveguide to be the same, and further enables signal power summarized by the overmode output waveguides to be the same, high-order mode signals can be obtained more efficiently, competing modes are reduced, and target mode ratio is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficients of the input and output ports of a mode exciter according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of mode conversion efficiency of a mode actuator according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficients of the input and output ports of a mode exciter according to another embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a graph of mode conversion efficiency of a mode actuator provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a mode actuator according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
101 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter input port;
102 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter main branch waveguide;
103 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter E-plane Y-branch junction (also referred to as an E-plane Y-junction in some embodiments);
104 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter first branch waveguide;
105 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter second branch waveguide;
106 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section;
107 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter second branch waveguide intermediate section;
108 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter first branching waveguide first curved section;
109 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter first branched waveguide second curved section;
110 represents TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter overmode outputs a rectangular waveguide;
111 represents TE 10 -TE 20 An exciter output port;
201 denotes a WR-2.8 standard input port;
202 represents a WR-2.8 standard input waveguide;
203 denotes a gradual matching step;
204 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter main branch waveguide;
205 represents TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter E-plane Y-branch junction (also referred to as a Y-triple E-plane Y-branch structure in some embodiments);
206 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter first branch waveguide;
207 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter second branch waveguide;
208 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter third branch waveguide;
209 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section;
210 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter third branch waveguide intermediate section;
211 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter first branching waveguide first curved section;
212 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An exciter first branched waveguide second curved section;
213 represents TE 10 -TE 30 A first curved section of the third branch waveguide of the exciter;
214 represents TE 10 -TE 30 A third branching waveguide second curved section of the exciter;
215 represents TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter overmode outputs a rectangular waveguide;
216 represents TE 10 -TE 30 An actuator output port.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as the particular system architecture, techniques, etc., in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
As used in the present description and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted as "when..once" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to detection" depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase "if a determination" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted in the context of meaning "upon determination" or "in response to determination" or "upon detection of a [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detection of a [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description of the present specification and in the appended claims, are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for indicating or implying a relative importance.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
The embodiment of the invention provides a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branch waveguide, which comprises an input rectangular waveguide, an E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, n branch waveguides and an overmode output waveguide; wherein n is an integer not less than 2;
the first end of the input rectangular waveguide is accessed to TE 10 The second end of the fundamental mode signal is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction;
the first end of the branch waveguide is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, and the second end of the branch waveguide is connected with the overmode output waveguide;
the branched waveguideThere is one and only one electromagnetic wave propagation path, and the difference between the electromagnetic wave propagation path lengths of the adjacent branched waveguides is the TE 10 Odd multiples of the fundamental mode signal half waveguide wavelength.
Specifically, the signal propagation path of the present embodiment may be:
the TE is 10 The fundamental mode signals are fed into the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction through the input rectangular waveguide, n paths of electromagnetic waves are formed after power is distributed on the basis of the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction, and the n paths of electromagnetic waves are respectively converged into the overmode output waveguide through the n branch waveguides and converted into output signals.
Typical application scenarios of the mode exciter provided in this embodiment include, but are not limited to:
1) The method is used for cold measurement of electromagnetic performance of the high-order mode over-mode plane slow wave structure;
2) The method is used for constructing a rectangular-to-round mode converter;
3) An input-output structure for constructing a high-order mode terahertz vacuum electronic device.
The present embodiment will be further described below with a cold chamber test as a typical application scenario example.
Cold chamber testing is one of the important means to study slow wave structures, and is typically performed using a vector network analyzer. Because the electromagnetic wave output by the vector network analyzer works in the fundamental mode, when the cold cavity test is carried out on the high-order mode plane slow wave structure, two identical mode exciters are required to be connected back to form a back-to-back coupling structure, and the coupling structure firstly carries out the fundamental mode TE 10 Conversion of modes into higher order mode TE n0 (n=2, 3, 4.) mode, and then higher order mode TE n0 (n=2, 3, 4.) the mode is converted back to TE via the same structure 10 And (5) molding.
The characteristics of low port reflection and high conversion efficiency are used as a direct measure for the performance of a mode exciter, and this embodiment has a better performance in this application scenario (see fig. 3 to 6 and the following description).
In this application scenario, the purpose of this embodiment may be specifically:
on the basis of an E-plane Y-shaped branch waveguide power coupling network, port reflection is reduced by controlling the included angle between two adjacent branches to be equal and properly prolonging the length of the middle section of the branch waveguide, and electromagnetic waves propagated in adjacent branches have the characteristic of constant amplitude and opposite phase through optimal design, so that TE with low port reflection coefficient and high mode conversion efficiency is obtained 10 -TE n0 Is a mode actuator of (a).
The specific scheme of this embodiment is as follows.
TE based on E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide power coupling network 10 -TE n0 The mode exciter comprises an input port (i.e. a first end of an input rectangular waveguide), an input waveguide (i.e. an input rectangular waveguide main body), an E-plane Y-shaped junction (i.e. an E-plane Y-shaped branch junction), n branches (i.e. n branch waveguides), an output port (i.e. a second end of an overmode output waveguide), wherein the n branch waveguides are combined to form the overmode output rectangular waveguide (i.e. an overmode output waveguide main body), and a fundamental mode TE 10 Input from the input port and output TE at the output port through the mode driver n0 And (5) molding. The electromagnetic wave characteristics of the E-plane Y-branch are as follows: when electromagnetic waves are input from the main branch waveguide of the Y-shaped junction of the E surface, the n branch waveguides of the Y-shaped junction output electromagnetic waves with the same amplitude and phase.
Further, the electromagnetic wave transmission path length d of each branch is adjusted n The difference between the transmission path lengths of the electromagnetic waves of the adjacent branches is an integral multiple of the half-wave guide wavelength, so that the electromagnetic waves of the adjacent branches have the characteristic of constant amplitude inversion.
Further, each branch waveguide is not flush with the E-plane of the adjacent branch waveguide, and there is a certain height difference W between the two.
Further, a circular bending waveguide is loaded at the middle section of the raised branch waveguide, so that the tail end of the branch waveguide and the horizontal branch waveguide of the E surface are converged on the same plane to form an overmode output waveguide.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
TE (TE) for accessing input rectangular waveguide based on E-plane Y-shaped branching junction 10 Fundamental mode signal power allocationAt the same time, by reasonably setting the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave of the adjacent branch waveguides, the electromagnetic wave output by the adjacent branch waveguides is equal-amplitude and opposite-phase signals, and finally, at least one branch waveguide output signal is integrated by using the overmode output waveguide, thus obtaining high-order TE n0 And (5) a mode signal.
In addition, the TE 10 The mode of the fundamental mode signal and the number n of branch waveguides jointly determine the output signal of the mode exciter, so that TE 10 The fundamental mode signal is TE 10 For example, the mode driver with n branch waveguides can output TE n0 The signal, that is, the mode exciter can obtain TE with arbitrary n value by reasonably setting the number of n and the propagation path length n0 The signal has wider applicability.
According to the above embodiment, in the present embodiment:
the exciter coordinate system is as follows:
There are at least two of the branched waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the z-axis; and, in addition, the processing unit,
there are at least two of the branched waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the xy plane;
the exciter coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system established by taking the direction from the input rectangular waveguide to the overmode output waveguide as the positive direction of the y axis and taking the plane of the E face of the branch waveguide as the xy plane.
By way of example and not limitation, fig. 2 and 3 show two possible branching waveguide arrangements, respectively.
Further, in the higher n value embodiment not shown by the drawings, similar to the branches 1 and 3 in fig. 3, the branched waveguides protruding upward and recessed downward with respect to the plane in which the input rectangular waveguide is located, respectively, may be located on the same side of the branch 2 to more fully utilize the space.
According to the embodiment, the staggered arrangement of the branch waveguides in the z-axis direction is utilized, the staggered arrangement of the branch waveguides in the xy-plane is matched, the three-dimensional space is fully utilized, more branch waveguides can be arranged in a limited space, and the mode exciter, particularly the mode exciter which needs to output high-order mode signals, has smaller volume and use flexibility.
It should be noted that, since the branch waveguide has a certain volume, the projection coordinate range of the branch waveguide on the z axis in this embodiment can be understood as a set of z coordinates of any point on the branch waveguide.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
by arranging the branch waveguides in a staggered manner in the z-axis direction, on one hand, the volume of the mode exciter can be reduced, and the mode exciter can be applied more flexibly; on the other hand, a sufficient space is provided for adjusting the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave of the branch waveguide.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the branch waveguide comprises a first branch section, a second branch section and a third branch section;
the first end of the third branch section is connected with the second branch section, and the second end of the third branch section is connected with the overmode output waveguide; the first end of the second branch section is connected with the first branch section, and the second end of the second branch section is connected with the third branch section; the first end of the first branch section is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the first branch section is connected with the second branch section;
the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave in the branch waveguide is closely related to the mode conversion efficiency of the target mode; modulating the phase difference of each adjacent branch signal by adjusting the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the n-branch waveguide to obtain a high-order TE n0 And (5) molding.
It should be noted that the first, second and third branching sections of the branching waveguide in the embodiments of the present application may be non-structural concepts of artificial division, for example, the branching 2 in fig. 2 or fig. 3 may be an integrally formed branching waveguide, but it is equally possible to divide the first, second and third branching sections; correspondingly, the "connection" between the ends of the first, second and third branch sections is not limited to being connected by means of connectors or machining connections, but may be naturally occurring "connections" of an integrally formed physical structure.
Similarly, in embodiments of the present application, the "connection" between the input rectangular waveguide, the E-plane Y-branch junction, the branch waveguide, and the overmode output waveguide is not limited to connection by way of connectors or process connections, but may be a naturally occurring "connection" of an integrally formed physical structure.
In this embodiment, in the limitation that the reflection coefficient corresponding to the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave of the second branch segment and the use of the output signal of the overmode output waveguide have a preset association relationship, the use of the output signal may refer to the description related to the application scenario above, namely:
1) The method is used for cold measurement of electromagnetic performance of the high-order mode over-mode plane slow wave structure;
2) The method is used for constructing a rectangular-to-round mode converter;
3) An input-output structure for constructing a high-order mode terahertz vacuum electronic device.
Although lower reflection coefficients generally bring about better effects, a reflection coefficient of zero is almost impossible to achieve in a practical device which is not ideal, so that in a certain application, an upper limit of the reflection coefficient can be determined according to the requirement, and the reflection coefficient corresponding to the propagation path length of the electromagnetic wave of the second branch section only needs to be smaller than the upper limit of the reflection coefficient to meet the requirement.
In an alternative embodiment, the electromagnetic wave propagation path length of the second branch section is determined already before the mode exciter is produced, in other words, in the process of producing the mode exciter, there is a process of determining the electromagnetic wave propagation path length of the second branch section based on the use (in some embodiments, the upper limit of the reflection coefficient is also possible).
The electromagnetic wave propagation path length determining step of an optional second branch section is performed via a constrained optimization model; the constraint optimization model is a second branch section electromagnetic wave propagation path length optimization model with the lowest reflection coefficient as a target under the constraint of structural parameters of the input rectangular waveguide, the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction, the first branch section, the second branch section and the overmode output waveguide and the odd-numbered times of half waveguide wavelength.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the second branch section serves to adjust the reflectance.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the mode exciter has better efficiency by segmenting the branching waveguide and adjusting the length of one of the segments (the second branching segment) to suppress the increase in reflection coefficient due to the introduction of discontinuities.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides are positioned on the same plane and are sequentially distributed in the x-axis direction;
the length of the overmode output waveguide in the x-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides in the x-axis direction;
the length of the overmode output waveguide in the z-axis direction is the same as the length of the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides in the z-axis direction.
Furthermore, in alternative embodiments, the length of the overmode output waveguide in the x-axis direction may be greater than the sum of the lengths of the second ends of the third branch sections in the x-axis direction, unlike the above description.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the third branching section serves to adjust the coordinates of the branching waveguides in the z-axis direction so that the ends of each branching waveguide can be connected in alignment with the overmode output waveguide.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
through the structure of the third branch section, the output end of the branch waveguide, namely the second end of the third branch section, is positioned on the same plane, and is further connected with the overmode output rectangular waveguide in a size matching way, so that the size of the mode exciter is further reduced, and the mode exciting efficiency is improved.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction comprises a main branching waveguide and an n-branch mechanism;
the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the n branch mechanism; the first end of the n branch mechanism is connected with the main branch waveguide, and the second end to the n+1th end are respectively connected with n branch waveguides;
the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism are sequentially arranged in the z-axis direction; the length of the first end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction, and the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction are equal; the length of the first end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction is the same as the length of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction, so that the signals fed to the respective branch waveguides have a constant-amplitude characteristic.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the TE is connected through a main E-plane Y-shaped branch structure and an n-branch mechanism 10 The base mode signal is distributed to the second to n+1 th ends of the n-branch mechanism and the distributed signals are in the same mode so as to modulate the phase difference of each adjacent branch signal by adjusting the transmission path difference of the electromagnetic wave transmitted in the n-branch waveguide and finally to be converted into the high-order mode signal by the overmode output waveguide.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the xz section size of the main branch waveguide, the projection size of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane and the projection size of the first end of the n branch mechanism on the xz plane are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
In an alternative implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment may be specifically a TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-branched waveguide.
TE based on E-plane Y-branch waveguide with center working frequency of 340GHz 10 -TE 20 For example, a mode actuator of (c) is described.
TE based on E-plane Y-shaped branched waveguide 10 -TE 20 The mode driver of (1) mainly comprises a main mode TE input circuit 10 TE of (2) 10 -TE 20 Exciter input port 101, and TE 10 -TE 20 TE to which exciter input port 101 is connected 10 -TE 20 The main branch waveguide 102 of the exciter, the Y-shaped junction 103 of the E surface is divided into two parts, and the Y-shaped junction is respectively connected to TE by adopting a gradual change type structure 10 -TE 20 Exciter first branch waveguide 104 and TE 10 -TE 20 The exciter second branch waveguide 105. At TE 10 -TE 20 The first branching waveguide intermediate section 106 of the exciter is post-loaded with a curved waveguide, i.e. TE 10 -TE 20 First bend section 108 of first branch waveguide of exciter, TE 10 -TE 20 The exciter first branch waveguide second curved section 109, and is connected to TE 10 -TE 20 The ends of the exciter second branch waveguide intermediate section 107 meet to form TE 10 -TE 20 Exciter overmode output rectangular waveguide 110, TE 10 -TE 20 The actuator output port 111.
Electromagnetic wave passing TE 10 -TE 20 The exciter input port 101 feeds into the E-plane Y-branched waveguide power splitting network to split power in half. The electromagnetic wave will be output through 2 branches, branch 1 and branch 2, respectively. Wherein branch 1 comprises TE 10 -TE 20 Exciter first branch waveguide 104, TE 10 -TE 20 Exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 106, TE 10 -TE 20 First curved section 108 of first branch waveguide of exciter and TE 10 -TE 20 The exciter first branch waveguide second curved section 109. Branch 2 includes TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter second branch waveguide 105, TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter second branch waveguide intermediate section 107. From TE 10 -TE 30 TE input by exciter input port 101 10 The mould passes through a two-way power division network and is arranged at branches 1 and 2Obtaining two paths of electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and opposite phase, and converting the electromagnetic waves into TE at the position of the overmode output rectangular waveguide 20 And (5) molding. At TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide 104 and TE 10 -TE 30 The junction of the exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 106 is susceptible to port reflections due to the introduction of discontinuities. To reduce this port reflection, the TE is suitably lengthened by achieving equal power splitting at the E-plane Y-junction 103 10 -TE 30 The length of the exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 106.
FIG. 3 shows TE at the input port of the mode actuator provided by the present embodiment 10 Reflection coefficient of mode (S1 (1), 1 (1)), TE of output port 20 Amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the mode reflection coefficient (S2 (2), 2 (2)). As can be seen from fig. 3: in the frequency range of 291.4-368.8GHz, S1 (1), 1 (1) is smaller than-15 dB, and the bandwidth is 77.4GHz. In the 309.9-367.4GHz frequency range, S2 (2), 2 (2) is less than-15 dB, and the bandwidth is 57.5GHz.
Fig. 4 shows a mode conversion efficiency curve of the mode actuator provided by the present embodiment. As can be seen from fig. 4: in the frequency range of 313.1-365.8GHz, the mode conversion efficiency is higher than 90%. In the frequency range of 329.5-350.1GHz, the mode conversion efficiency reaches more than 95%.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
distribution of the TE by main branch waveguide matching the input rectangular waveguide size 10 The fundamental mode signal is sent to the n branch mechanism, so that the input rectangular waveguide adaptability is better.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction further comprises a gradual change type matching step; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide through the gradual-change matching step;
the first end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the main branch waveguide; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the gradual change type matching step;
the projection of the first end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane is the same as the projection of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane in size; the projection size of the second end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane, the xz section size of the main branch waveguide and the xz section size of the n branch mechanism are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
In an alternative implementation, as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment may be specifically a TE based on an E-plane Y-shaped three-branch power coupling network n0 A mode exciter.
TE based on E-plane Y-shaped three-branch power coupling network with center working frequency of 340GHz 10 -TE 30 For example, a mode actuator of (c) is described.
As shown in FIG. 2, TE 10 -TE 30 The mode actuator of (1) includes:
for inputting the base film TE 10 The WR-2.8 standard input port 201,1 of the mode is provided with 203,1Y-shaped three-E-surface Y-shaped branch structures 205 in a gradual-change mode, the Y-shaped junction is divided into three parts and is sequentially connected with 3 branch waveguides, and the wide side and the narrow side of each branch waveguide are the same. The whole coupling structure has 3 branches. The 3 branches are finally converged into an overmode output rectangular waveguide. TE transmitted at adjacent branches 10 The die has the characteristic of constant amplitude and opposite phase, and is finally converted into TE at the position of the overmode output rectangular waveguide 30 The die outputs. To reduce the port reflection, the included angle between two adjacent branches is controlled to be equal at the Y-shaped junction and TE is properly prolonged 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 209 and TE 10 -TE 30 The length of the third branch waveguide intermediate section 210 of the exciter.
Specifically, a WR-2.8 standard input waveguide 202, where a WR-2.8 standard input port 201 is located, is connected to TE through a graded matching step 203 10 -TE 30 The main branch waveguide 204 of the exciter is divided into three parts at the E-plane Y-shaped three E-plane Y-shaped branch structure 205, and is respectively connected with TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide 206, TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter second branch waveguide 207 and TE 10 -TE 30 Third actuatorBranching waveguide 208 through the TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 209 and TE 10 -TE 30 The third branching waveguide intermediate section 210 of the exciter is loaded with curved waveguides in turn, i.e. TE 10 -TE 30 First bending section 211 of first branch waveguide of exciter, TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide second bend section 212, TE 10 -TE 30 Third-branch waveguide first bend segment 213 of exciter and TE 10 -TE 30 The third branch of the exciter, waveguide, second bend 214, the three branches meeting in the same plane to form a TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter overmode output waveguide 215, te 10 -TE 30 The actuator output port 216.
Electromagnetic waves are fed into the E-plane Y-shaped three-branch power coupling network through a WR-2.8 standard input port 201 to divide power into three. The electromagnetic wave will be output through 3 branches, branch 1, branch 2, and branch 3, respectively. Wherein branch 1 comprises TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide 206, TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter first branch waveguide intermediate section 209, TE 10 -TE 30 First bending section 211 of first branch waveguide of exciter, TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter first branch waveguide second curved section 212. Branch 2 includes TE 10 -TE 30 The exciter second branch waveguide 207. Branch 3 includes TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter third branch waveguide 208, TE 10 -TE 30 Third-branch waveguide intermediate section 210 of exciter, TE 10 -TE 30 Third branch waveguide first bend segment 213 of exciter, TE 10 -TE 30 The third branch of the exciter waveguides the second curved section 214.
Finally, branch 1, branch 2, and branch 3 are merged into one TE 10 -TE 30 Exciter overmode output rectangular waveguide 215, through TE 10 -TE 30 The actuator output port 216 outputs.
FIG. 5 shows TE at the input port of the mode actuator provided by the present embodiment 10 Reflection coefficient of mode (S1 (1), 1 (1)), TE of output port 30 Mode reflectance(S2 (3), 2 (3)) amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. As can be seen from fig. 5: in the frequency range of 311.3-387,6GHz, S1 (1), 1 (1) is less than-15 dB, and the bandwidth is 76.3GHz. In the frequency range of 304.9-383.9GHz, S2 (3), 2 (3) is less than-15 dB, and the bandwidth is 79.0GHz. S1 (1), 1 (1) are less than-10 dB and S2 (3), 2 (3) are less than 120.0GHz of bandwidth of-10 dB in the range of 280-400GHz monitored by simulation.
Fig. 6 shows a mode conversion efficiency curve of the mode actuator provided by the present embodiment. As can be seen from fig. 6: in the frequency range of 314.8-365.9GHz, the mode conversion efficiency is higher than 90%. In the frequency range of 327.9-362.7GHz, the mode conversion efficiency is higher than 95%.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the main branch waveguide and the input rectangular waveguide are connected by introducing the gradual matching steps, so that the main branch waveguide and the n branch mechanism have better flexibility in size, and the adaptability to the branch waveguides of all sizes is better. In addition, the introduction of the matching steps is favorable for realizing impedance matching, and the reflection coefficient of the port can be effectively reduced.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the projections of the second branch section and the third branch section on the xy plane are rectangles, and the projected rectangles of the second branch section and the third branch section on the xy plane have two sides parallel to the y axis;
the projection of the first branch section on the xy plane is a parallelogram, and the projections of the first end and the second end of the first branch section on the xy plane form a pair of parallel sides of the parallelogram.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the first branching section is used to stagger the branching waveguides in the xy plane.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the first branch sections are used for staggering the branch waveguides in the x-axis direction so as to match the connection positions of the branch waveguides and the overmode output waveguides, and meanwhile, the second branch sections and the third branch sections of rectangular projection with better continuity are adopted, so that the discontinuous areas of the mode exciter are more concentrated, and reflection coefficient increment caused by the introduction of discontinuity can be better restrained through the electromagnetic wave transmission path length of the second branch sections.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the projection size of the first end of the first branch section on the xz plane is the same as the projection size of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism on the xz plane;
The projection size of the second end of the first branch section on the xz plane, the xz section size of the second branch section and the xz section size of the third branch section are the same.
It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the first branching section is also used to match the E-plane Y-branching junction dimensions and the overmode output waveguide dimensions.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the size from the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism is matched with the first end size of the second branch section through the first branch section with the xz section gradually enlarged along with the y axis, and then the overall structure matching is realized through the second branch section, the third branch section and the overmode output waveguide in sequence, so that the discontinuity area of the mode exciter is more concentrated, and the increment of the reflection coefficient caused by the introduction of discontinuity can be better restrained through the electromagnetic wave transmission path length of the second branch section.
According to any of the embodiments described above, in the present embodiment:
the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism have equal lengths in the z-axis direction.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment lie in:
the TE is realized through the second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism with equal height (namely equal length in the z-axis direction) 10 Equal power distribution of the fundamental mode signals enables electromagnetic wave signal power in each branch waveguide to be the same, and further enables signal power summarized by the overmode output waveguides to be the same, high-order mode signals can be obtained more efficiently, competing modes are reduced, and target mode ratio is increased.
The above examples are for convenience of description only, and the present application is applicable to mode converters operating in terahertz wave bands, including TE 10 -TE 20 、TE 10 -TE 30 、TE 10 -TE 40 Etc.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional units and modules in the embodiment may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit, where the integrated units may be implemented in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system may refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which is not described herein again.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are intended to be included in the scope of the present application.

Claims (9)

1. A TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-shaped branch waveguide is characterized by comprising an input rectangular waveguide, an E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, n branch waveguides and an overmode output waveguide; wherein n is an integer not less than 3;
The first end of the input rectangular waveguide is accessed to TE 10 The second end of the fundamental mode signal is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branching junction;
the first end of the branch waveguide is connected with the E-plane Y-shaped branch junction, and the second end of the branch waveguide is connected with the overmode output waveguide;
the branched waveguide has only one electromagnetic wave propagation path, and the difference between the lengths of the electromagnetic wave propagation paths of the adjacent branched waveguides is the TE 10 Odd multiples of the fundamental mode signal half waveguide wavelength;
the branch waveguide comprises a first branch section, a second branch section and a third branch section;
the first end of the third branch section is connected with the second branch section, and the second end of the third branch section is connected with the overmode output waveguide; the first end of the second branch section is connected with the first branch section, and the second end of the second branch section is connected with the third branch section; the first end of the first branch section is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the first branch section is connected with the second branch section;
the exciter coordinate system is as follows:
the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides are positioned on the same plane and are sequentially distributed in the x-axis direction;
the exciter coordinate system is a Cartesian coordinate system established by taking the direction from the input rectangular waveguide to the overmode output waveguide as the positive direction of the y axis and taking the plane of the E face of the branch waveguide as the xy plane.
2. The TEn 0-mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-branch waveguide of claim 1, wherein the exciter coordinate system is:
there are at least two of the branched waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the z-axis; and, in addition, the processing unit,
there are at least two of said branch waveguides having different projection coordinate ranges on the xy plane.
3. The E-plane Y-branch waveguide-based TEn 0-mode exciter of claim 1, wherein the length of the overmode output waveguide in the x-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second ends of the third branch segments of n of the branch waveguides in the x-axis direction;
the length of the overmode output waveguide in the z-axis direction is the same as the length of the second ends of the third branch sections of the n branch waveguides in the z-axis direction.
4. A TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-branch waveguide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the E-plane Y-branch junction comprises a main branch waveguide and an n-branch mechanism;
the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the n branch mechanism; the first end of the n branch mechanism is connected with the main branch waveguide, and the second end to the n+1th end are respectively connected with n branch waveguides;
The second end to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism are sequentially arranged in the z-axis direction; the length of the first end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction is equal to the sum of the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction, and the lengths of the second end of the n branch mechanism to the n+1th end of the n branch mechanism in the z-axis direction are equal; the length of the first end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction is the same as the length of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n-branch mechanism in the x-axis direction.
5. The E-plane Y-branch waveguide based TEn 0-mode exciter of claim 4, wherein the xz cross-sectional dimension of the main branch waveguide, the projected dimension of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane, and the projected dimension of the first end of the n-branch mechanism on the xz plane are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
6. The TEn0 mode exciter based on an E-plane Y-branch waveguide of claim 4, wherein the E-plane Y-branch junction further comprises a graded matching step; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the second end of the input rectangular waveguide through the gradual-change matching step;
The first end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the input rectangular waveguide, and the second end of the gradual change type matching step is connected with the main branch waveguide; the first end of the main branch waveguide is connected with the gradual change type matching step;
the projection of the first end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane is the same as the projection of the second end of the input rectangular waveguide on the xz plane in size; the projection size of the second end of the gradual type matching step on the xz plane, the xz section size of the main branch waveguide and the xz section size of the n branch mechanism are the same; the xz cross section refers to any cross section parallel to the xz plane.
7. The E-plane Y-branched waveguide based TEn0 mode exciter of claim 5 or 6, wherein the projections of the second and third branched segments on the xy plane are each rectangular, and the projected rectangles of the second and third branched segments on the xy plane each have two sides parallel to the Y axis;
the projection of the first branch section on the xy plane is a parallelogram, and the projections of the first end and the second end of the first branch section on the xy plane form a pair of parallel sides of the parallelogram.
8. The E-plane Y-branch waveguide-based TEn 0-mode exciter of claim 5, wherein a projected dimension of the first end of the first branch section on the xz-plane is the same as a projected dimension of any one of the second end to the n+1th end of the n-branch mechanism on the xz-plane;
the projection size of the second end of the first branch section on the xz plane, the xz section size of the second branch section and the xz section size of the third branch section are the same.
9. The E-plane Y-branch waveguide-based TEn 0-mode exciter of claim 4, wherein the second end to the n+1th end of the n-branch mechanism are equal in length in the z-axis direction.
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