CN115407023A - Simulation shaft fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device and test method thereof - Google Patents
Simulation shaft fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115407023A CN115407023A CN202210997627.3A CN202210997627A CN115407023A CN 115407023 A CN115407023 A CN 115407023A CN 202210997627 A CN202210997627 A CN 202210997627A CN 115407023 A CN115407023 A CN 115407023A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling fluid performance testing in the petroleum and natural gas industry, and relates to a simulation shaft filtration loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device and a test method thereof. The device for measuring the filtration loss of the simulated shaft and evaluating the filter cake is organically composed of a base, a simulated shaft outer cylinder, a supporting mechanism, a laser sensor, a laser sensing controller, a simulated shaft inner cylinder, a driving mechanism, a liquid storage mechanism, a pressurizing mechanism and a heating mechanism. The use of the invention can not only reflect the dynamic filtration loss of the drilling fluid, but also test the scouring resistance of the filter cake for evaluating the quality of the filter cake. The outer cylinder of the simulation mineshaft is made of a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant transparent material, and the processes and forms of the drilling fluid, the filter loss condition, the filter cake formation and the filter cake damage under the conditions of fluid flow, nozzle injection, and the stirring of the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder coupling of the simulation mineshaft can be observed through eyesight. The invention has high simulation degree, simple and convenient operation, stable performance and strong reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling fluid performance testing in the petroleum and natural gas industry, and particularly relates to a simulation shaft filtration loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device and a test method thereof.
Background
The fluid loss of the drilling fluid and the quality of a filter cake are important indexes for judging the performance of the drilling fluid. Only a small amount of filtrate in the drilling fluid with small filtration loss enters stratum pores and cracks, so that the hydration and dispersion degree of clay can be reduced, the hydraulic wedge effect is reduced, and the stability of a well wall is enhanced. To reduce the filtration loss of the drilling fluid, the drilling fluid is required to form a thin and compact filter cake under the action of pressure difference, and the filter cake has good toughness, is tightly attached to a well wall and cannot be easily broken by the flushing of the drilling fluid, which is an important standard for measuring the quality of the filter cake.
The conventional API drilling fluid loss filter is used for testing the fluid loss under a static condition, and the obtained data can only reflect the static fluid loss of the drilling fluid, wherein the API has a Chinese meaning of American Petroleum institute, and the API drilling fluid loss filter is a fluid loss filter which takes the standard of the American Petroleum institute as a standard. In the actual drilling process, the drilling fluid flows in a shaft, the flowing and stirring of the liquid can greatly influence the quality of a formed filter cake, and further influence the size of the filter loss, so that the difference between the drilling fluid loss measured by a conventional API drilling fluid loss gauge and the actual underground condition is large, and the field construction cannot be effectively guided by indoor experimental data. In addition, the quality of the filter cake can be evaluated only by the filtration loss of the drilling fluid, but the filtration loss is not directly related to the quality of the filter cake, and the quality of the formed filter cake cannot be judged when the filtration loss difference of different drilling fluids is small. Currently, there is no effective evaluation method for the quality of filter cakes formed by drilling fluids.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the filtration loss of a simulation shaft and evaluating a filter cake, and aims to provide a device and a method for evaluating the quality of the filter cake by reflecting the filtration loss of drilling fluid and testing the scouring resistance of the filter cake.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a device for measuring the filtration loss of a simulation shaft and evaluating a filter cake comprises
A base seat is arranged on the base seat,
the simulation shaft comprises a simulation shaft outer barrel, wherein a measuring platform is connected to the inner side wall of the bottom of the simulation shaft outer barrel, a plurality of filtrate collecting mechanisms are connected to the measuring platform at intervals, an inner barrel connecting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side wall of the top of the simulation shaft outer barrel, the front end of the simulation shaft outer barrel is hermetically connected with an outer barrel top surface cover plate, a power transmission mechanism is connected to the outer barrel top surface cover plate, and the rear end of the simulation shaft outer barrel is hermetically connected with an outer barrel bottom surface cover plate;
the supporting mechanism is vertically connected to the base, the top of the supporting mechanism is connected with the simulation shaft outer barrel, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting and adjusting the inclination of the simulation shaft outer barrel;
the laser sensor is connected to the lower part of the inner cylinder connecting mechanism;
the laser induction controller is arranged outside the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft and is in electric signal connection with the laser inductor;
the simulation shaft inner cylinder is horizontally connected into the simulation shaft outer cylinder through an inner cylinder connecting mechanism, and the rear end of the simulation shaft inner cylinder is connected with a nozzle;
the driving mechanism is rotatably connected with the simulation shaft inner cylinder through a power transmission mechanism;
the liquid storage mechanism is connected with a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe, the liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft inner cylinder through a cover plate on the top surface of the outer cylinder, and the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder and the simulation shaft inner cylinder through a cover plate on the top surface of the outer cylinder;
the pressurizing mechanism is connected on the bottom cover plate of the outer cylinder;
and the heating mechanism is connected on the bottom cover plate of the outer cylinder.
The outer cylinder of the simulation shaft is a hollow cylinder which is made of transparent materials and has two open ends; the inner diameter is 117mm-311mm, and the length is 0.5-50m; the measuring platform is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, a plurality of through holes are formed in the measuring platform at equal intervals, and each through hole is connected with a filtrate collecting mechanism; the pressure-resistant ranges of the outer cylinder of the simulated shaft and the inner cylinder of the simulated shaft are both 0-10MPa, and the temperature range is room temperature-150 ℃.
The filtrate collecting mechanism comprises a filter paper cover plate, a filtrate guide pipe and a filtrate collecting box; the filter paper cover plate is connected to the upper surface of the measuring platform, the filtrate collecting box is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the measuring platform, the filtrate guide pipe is arranged in the through hole of the measuring platform, and the filter paper cover plate is communicated with the filtrate collecting box through the filtrate guide pipe; and a valve is arranged on the filtrate guide pipe positioned on the outer cylinder of the simulated shaft.
The system also comprises a camera; the camera is arranged on a base outside the simulation shaft outer barrel and is opposite to the middle of the measuring platform.
The supporting mechanism comprises a supporting rod and a shaft inclination adjusting rod; the support rod and the shaft inclination adjusting rod are respectively and vertically fixed on two sides of the base; two ends of the simulation shaft outer cylinder are horizontally fixed on the base through a support rod and a shaft inclination adjusting rod; the inner cylinder connecting mechanism comprises a plurality of inner cylinder supports and a plurality of inner cylinder support lifting rings; the inner cylinder supports are the same in length and are vertically and fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the upper part of the simulation shaft outer cylinder, the bottom end of each inner cylinder support is connected with an inner cylinder support lifting ring, and the simulation shaft inner cylinder is fixed inside the simulation shaft outer cylinder through the inner cylinder support lifting rings; the bottom of each inner cylinder support lifting ring is connected with a laser sensor; the driving mechanism adopts a stirring motor, the power transmission mechanism adopts a coupler, the outer end of the coupler is connected with the stirring motor arranged outside the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft cylinder, and the inner end of the coupler is connected with one end of the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft cylinder.
The simulation shaft inner barrel comprises a multi-section barrel body and a plurality of inner barrel couplings; the adjacent cylinders are connected through an inner cylinder coupling; the outer diameter of the inner barrel coupling is 100-300% of the outer diameter of the inner barrel of the simulated shaft; each section of the cylinder body is a hollow cylinder, and the outer diameter of the cylinder body is 89mm-152mm; the total length of the inner barrel of the simulation shaft is 0.3-49m.
The liquid storage mechanism adopts a liquid storage tank which comprises a tank body, a liquid supply pump and a liquid supply pump controller; the liquid supply pump is arranged in the tank body and is positioned at the lower part of one side of the output end of the tank body; the outer port of the liquid inlet pipe is connected with a liquid supply pump; the pipe orifice at the outer end of the liquid outlet pipe is communicated with the inside of the tank body; the liquid supply pump controller is connected to the tank body and is electrically connected with the liquid supply pump.
The pressurizing mechanism comprises an air source voltage divider and an air inlet valve rod; one end of the air inlet valve rod is communicated with the inside of the outer barrel of the simulation shaft through a cover plate on the bottom surface of the outer barrel, and the other end of the air inlet valve rod is connected with the air source voltage divider.
The heating mechanism adopts an electric heating rod; the electric heating rod is connected on the cover plate of the bottom surface of the outer cylinder; the front end of the electric heating rod extends into an annular space between the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft.
A test method of a simulation wellbore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: if a dynamic filtration loss test of the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step two, and if a quality evaluation test of a filter cake formed by the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step eight;
step two: fixing a filtrate collecting mechanism on a measuring platform, fixing the measuring platform on the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder of the simulated shaft, installing a cover plate on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder and a cover plate on the top surface of the outer cylinder, switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step three: adjusting a shaft inclination adjusting rod, and adjusting the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft to a preset inclination angle;
step four: the drilling fluid to be detected is contained in the liquid storage tank, a liquid supply pump is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft are filled with the drilling fluid to be detected, and circulation is established;
step five: starting a stirring motor, and rotating the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft under the driving of the stirring motor to enable the rotating speed of the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft to reach the preset rotating speed of the test;
step six: when the temperature and the pressure of the annular space of the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft reach preset values of a test, adjusting the discharge capacity of a liquid supply pump to the discharge capacity required by the test, starting a laser sensor, and starting timing;
step seven: opening a valve on the filtrate guide pipe to enable the filtrate to flow into the filtrate collecting box, and observing and recording the formation process of the filter cake; after the preset time of the test is finished, recording the volume of the filtrate in the filtrate collection box and the final value of the thickness of the filter cake displayed on the laser induction controller;
step eight: fixing filter paper containing filter cakes obtained by an API (application programming interface) filtration tester on a filter paper cover plate on a measuring platform, then fixedly connecting the measuring platform to the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft, installing the outer cylinder bottom cover plate and the outer cylinder top cover plate, switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step nine: repeating the third step;
step ten: clean water or drilling fluid is contained in the liquid storage tank, a liquid supply pump is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft are filled with the clean water or the drilling fluid, and circulation is established;
step eleven: repeating the fifth step and the sixth step;
step twelve: and closing a valve on the filtrate guide pipe to ensure that the flowing drilling fluid cannot generate filtrate, observing and photographing the process that the filter cake is washed and damaged by the drilling fluid, recording the thickness of the filter cake displayed by the laser induction controller at preset intervals, and using the thickness value of the filter cake for the quality evaluation of the subsequent filter cake.
Has the advantages that:
(1) The invention can perform drilling fluid dynamic filtration and filter cake quality evaluation tests, and overcomes the defect that the conventional API drilling fluid filtration loss instrument and measurement method cannot effectively guide field production.
(2) The outer cylinder of the simulated shaft is made of a high-temperature-resistant and high-pressure-resistant transparent material, and the processes and forms of the drilling fluid, the filter loss condition, the filter cake formation and the filter cake damage under the conditions of fluid flow, nozzle injection, and stirring of the inner cylinder and the inner cylinder coupling of the simulated shaft can be observed through eyesight.
(3) The invention has the advantages of high simulation degree, simple and convenient operation, stable performance and strong reliability.
(4) The invention has simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is beneficial to popularization and application.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to clearly understand the technical solutions of the present invention and to implement the technical solutions according to the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. simulating a shaft outer cylinder; 2. simulating a shaft inner cylinder; 3. an inner barrel coupling; 4. an inner barrel support; 5. an inner cylinder support lifting ring; 6. a cover plate on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder; 7. a cover plate on the top surface of the outer cylinder; 8. a coupling; 9. a stirring motor; 10. an electrical heating rod; 11. an air source voltage divider; 12. a measuring platform; 13. a filter paper cover plate; 14. a filtrate guide pipe; 15. a filtrate collection box; 16. a laser sensor; 17. a base; 18. a support bar; 19. a shaft inclination adjusting rod; 20. a liquid inlet pipe; 21. a liquid outlet pipe; 22. a liquid storage tank; 23. a liquid supply pump; 24. a feed pump controller; 25. a laser sensing controller; 26. a nozzle; 27. a tank body; 28-inlet valve stem.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the device for measuring the filtration loss of the simulation mineshaft and evaluating the filter cake comprises a device body
The base (17) is provided with a base,
the simulation shaft comprises a simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, wherein a measuring platform 12 is connected to the inner side wall of the bottom of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, a plurality of filtrate collecting mechanisms are connected to the measuring platform 12 at intervals, an inner cylinder connecting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side wall of the top of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, the front end of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 is hermetically connected with an outer cylinder top surface cover plate 7, a power transmission mechanism is connected to the outer cylinder top surface cover plate 7, and the rear end of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 is hermetically connected with an outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate 6;
the supporting mechanism is vertically connected to the base 17, the top of the supporting mechanism is connected with the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting and adjusting the inclination of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1;
the laser sensor 16, the laser sensor 16 is connected to the inferior part of the inner cylinder coupling mechanism;
the laser induction controller 25, the laser induction controller 25 is arranged outside the simulated shaft outer cylinder 1, and the laser induction controller 25 is in electric signal connection with the laser sensor 16;
the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 is horizontally connected into the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 through an inner cylinder connecting mechanism, and the rear end of the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 is connected with a nozzle 26;
the driving mechanism is rotatably connected with the simulation shaft inner barrel 2 through a power transmission mechanism;
the liquid storage mechanism is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 20 and a liquid outlet pipe 21, the liquid inlet pipe 20 is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 through an outer cylinder top cover plate 7, and the liquid outlet pipe 21 is communicated with the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 through the outer cylinder top cover plate 7;
the pressurizing mechanism is connected to the outer cylinder bottom cover plate 6;
and the heating mechanism is connected on the bottom cover plate 6 of the outer cylinder.
In actual use, the invention can be used for measuring the filtration loss and evaluating the filter cake.
When the device disclosed by the invention is used for measuring the dynamic filtration loss of the drilling fluid, the dynamic filtration loss measurement method is completed through the following steps:
fixing a filtrate collecting mechanism on a measuring platform 12, fixing the measuring platform 12 on the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate 6 and an outer cylinder top surface cover plate 7, switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source; then, adjusting the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 to a preset inclination angle through an adjusting support mechanism; then, the drilling fluid to be detected is contained in the liquid storage mechanism, the liquid storage mechanism starts to work, the liquid storage mechanism is operated at a small displacement, the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 are filled with the drilling fluid to be detected, and circulation is established; then, starting a driving mechanism, and driving the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 to rotate so that the rotating speed of the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 reaches a preset rotating speed of a test; when the temperature and the pressure of the annuluses of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 reach preset values of a test, adjusting the discharge capacity of the liquid storage mechanism to the discharge capacity required by the test, starting a laser sensor 16, and starting timing; after the time set by the test is over, the filtrate collecting mechanism starts to work, filtrate is collected, and the formation process of a filter cake is observed and photographed; and after the preset time of the test is finished, recording the volume of the filtrate in the filtrate collecting mechanism and the final value of the thickness of the filter cake displayed on the laser induction controller 25, and obtaining the dynamic filtration loss and the thickness value of the filter cake of the drilling fluid to be tested.
When the device disclosed by the invention is used for a quality evaluation test of filter cakes formed by drilling fluid, the quality evaluation test is completed through the following steps:
firstly, fixing a filtrate collection mechanism on a measurement platform 12, and placing filter paper containing a filter cake obtained by an API (application program interface) filtration tester test on a filter paper cover plate 13 in the filtrate collection mechanism; then, fixedly connecting the measuring platform 12 to the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulation shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate 6 and an outer cylinder top surface cover plate 7, switching on the heating mechanism, and connecting the pressurizing mechanism with an external air source; then, adjusting the supporting mechanism to adjust the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 to a preset inclination angle; then, clear water or drilling fluid is contained in the liquid storage mechanism, and the liquid storage mechanism is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder 1 of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder 2 of the simulation shaft are filled with the clear water or the drilling fluid, and circulation is established; starting a driving mechanism, and driving the simulation shaft inner barrel 2 to rotate so that the rotating speed of the simulation shaft inner barrel 2 reaches a preset rotating speed of a test; when the temperature and the pressure of the annuluses of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 reach preset values of a test, adjusting the discharge capacity of the liquid storage mechanism to the discharge capacity required by the test, starting a laser sensor 16, and starting timing; and then, closing a filtrate guide pipe 14 in the filtrate collecting mechanism to ensure that the flowing drilling fluid cannot generate filtrate, observing and photographing the process that the filter cake is washed and damaged by the drilling fluid, recording the thickness of the filter cake displayed by the laser induction controller 25 at preset intervals, and using the thickness value of the filter cake for the quality evaluation of the subsequent filter cake.
The invention can perform drilling fluid dynamic filtration and filter cake quality evaluation tests, and overcomes the defect that the conventional API drilling fluid filtration loss instrument and measurement method cannot effectively guide field production.
The invention has the advantages of high simulation degree, simple and convenient operation, stable performance, strong reliability, simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is beneficial to popularization and application.
Example two:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 is a hollow cylinder which is made of transparent materials and has two open ends; the inner diameter is 117mm-311mm, and the length is 0.5-50m; the measuring platform 12 is a rectangular plate-shaped structure, a plurality of through holes are formed in the measuring platform at equal intervals, and each through hole is connected with a filtrate collecting mechanism; the pressure-resistant ranges of the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 of the simulation shaft are both 0-10MPa, and the temperature ranges are room temperature-150 ℃.
Further, the filtrate collecting mechanism comprises a filter paper cover plate 13, a filtrate guide pipe 14 and a filtrate collecting box 15; the filter paper cover plate 13 is connected to the upper surface of the measuring platform 12, the filtrate collecting box 15 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the measuring platform 12, the filtrate guide pipe 14 is arranged in the through hole of the measuring platform 12, and the filter paper cover plate 13 is communicated with the filtrate collecting box 15 through the filtrate guide pipe 14; a valve is arranged on the filtrate diversion pipe 14 of the simulated shaft outer cylinder 1.
During the in-service use, measuring platform 12 adopts this technical scheme, can be convenient with filtrating collection mechanism connect fixedly. The pressure resistance and the heat resistance of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft and the inner cylinder 2 of the simulated shaft adopt the technical scheme, so that the cost is saved on the basis of meeting the actual condition of a simulated drilling site.
When the device is used for testing the dynamic filtration loss of the drilling fluid, firstly, a plurality of API drilling fluids are respectively placed and fixed on each filter paper cover plate 13 by using filter paper, and then a measuring platform is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulation shaft to perform the subsequent testing steps, so that the dynamic filtration loss of the drilling fluid to be tested is conveniently measured. When the device is used for quality evaluation test of filter cake formation of drilling fluid, firstly, a plurality of filter papers containing filter cakes obtained by testing on an API (application programming interface) filter loss meter are fixed on each filter paper cover plate 13, then, a measuring platform is fixedly connected to the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft, and then, the subsequent test steps are carried out, so that the dynamic filter loss of the drilling fluid and the thickness change of the filter cake formed by the drilling fluid under the condition of a simulated real well site are conveniently obtained, and convenience is brought to measurement of the dynamic filter loss of the drilling fluid or quality evaluation of the filter cake formed by the drilling fluid.
The outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft is made of transparent materials, so that the process and the form of the drilling fluid, the formation and damage of a filter cake, the filtration loss and the erosion resistance of the filter cake under the conditions of fluid flow, nozzle injection and inner cylinder coupling stirring can be observed by eyes, and the dynamic filtration loss and the erosion resistance of the filter cake can be tested. The inner diameter of the drill rod adopts the technical scheme of 117mm-311mm and the length of 0.5-50m, so that the invention can meet the actual proportion of the drill rods and the well bores with different sizes in the actual drilling process, and the actual drilling process can be simulated really.
The chinese meaning of the API described above is the american petroleum institute.
Example three:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the system also comprises a camera; the camera is arranged on a base 17 outside the simulated shaft outer cylinder 1 and is opposite to the middle part of the measuring platform 12.
In actual use, the process of forming the mud cakes is observed and recorded through the erection of the camera, and the specific conditions of the mud cakes formed in different time periods, such as visual states of compactness, thickness, roughness and the like, provide one hand of data for subsequent analysis and research.
Example four:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting rod 18 and a shaft inclination adjusting rod 19; the supporting rod 18 and the shaft inclination adjusting rod 19 are respectively and vertically fixed at two sides of the base 17; two ends of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 are horizontally fixed on a base 17 through a support rod 18 and a shaft inclination adjusting rod 19; the inner cylinder connecting mechanism comprises a plurality of inner cylinder supports 4 and a plurality of inner cylinder support hoisting rings 5; the inner cylinder supports 4 are identical in length and are vertically and fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the upper part of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, the bottom end of each inner cylinder support 4 is connected with an inner cylinder support hanging ring 5, and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 is fixed inside the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 through the inner cylinder support hanging rings 5; the bottom of each inner cylinder support lifting ring 5 is connected with a laser sensor 16; the driving mechanism adopts a stirring motor 9, the power transmission mechanism adopts a coupler 8, the outer end of the coupler 8 is connected with the stirring motor 9 arranged outside the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, and the inner end of the coupler 8 is connected with one end of the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2.
In the embodiment, the outer cylinder supporting rod and the shaft inclination adjusting rod fix the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, and the supporting rod 18 is positioned at the bottom of the front end of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1, has a fixed length and is not telescopic in length; the shaft inclination adjusting rod 19 is positioned at the bottom of the rear end of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and has telescopic capacity, the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 can be adjusted to different shaft inclinations through the change of the length of the shaft inclination adjusting rod 19, the change range of the shaft inclination is smaller than 75 degrees, and the shaft inclination adopts the included angle between the central axis of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and a plumb line.
In order to ensure that the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 operates normally under the driving of the stirring motor 9, two ends of the coupling 8 are respectively connected with a rotary seal, one rotary seal is used for being connected with the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2, and the other rotary seal is connected with the liquid inlet pipe 20, so that drilling liquid enters the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 under the condition that the inner shaft rotates.
When the simulation shaft outer barrel is used specifically, in order to enable the simulation shaft outer barrel 1 to be placed stably, a shaft barrel seat is horizontally arranged at the top ends of the supporting rod 18 and the shaft inclination adjusting rod 19, the top of the shaft barrel seat is arc-shaped and matched with the simulation shaft outer barrel 1, and a hoop used for fixing the simulation shaft outer barrel 1 is connected to the shaft barrel seat arranged at the top of the shaft inclination adjusting rod 19, so that the simulation shaft outer barrel 1 is more stable when being obliquely arranged.
Example five:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the simulation shaft inner barrel 2 comprises a multi-section barrel and a plurality of inner barrel couplings 3; each section of the cylinder is a hollow cylinder, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 89mm-152mm, and the length of the cylinder is 0.3-49m; the adjacent cylinders are connected through an inner cylinder coupling 3; the outer diameter of the inner barrel coupling 3 is 100-300% of the outer diameter of the inner barrel 2 of the simulated shaft.
In actual use, the cylinder body is a hollow cylinder and can enable fluid to flow in the cylinder body. The outer diameter of the inner barrel coupling 3 adopts a technical scheme of simulating 100-300% of the outer diameter of the inner barrel 2 of the shaft, and the purpose is to simulate a drilling tool coupling in the actual drilling process so as to evaluate the influence of the coupling on the flow pattern and the flow speed of drilling fluid in the shaft and the influence of the changed flow pattern and flow speed of the drilling fluid on the migration of rock debris.
Example six:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the liquid storage mechanism adopts a liquid storage tank 22, and the liquid storage tank 22 comprises a tank body 27, a liquid supply pump 23 and a liquid supply pump controller 24; the liquid supply pump 23 is arranged in the tank 27 and is positioned at the lower part of one side of the output end of the tank 27; the outer port of the liquid inlet pipe 20 is connected with a liquid supply pump 23; the outer end pipe orifice of the liquid outlet pipe 21 is communicated with the interior of the tank body 27; the liquid supply pump controller 24 is connected to the tank 27, and the liquid supply pump controller 24 is electrically connected to the liquid supply pump 23.
In actual use, the opening of the liquid feed pump 23 is controlled by the liquid feed pump controller 24. The drilling fluid to be tested in the liquid storage tank 22 enters the inner cylinder 2 of the simulated shaft through the inner port of the liquid inlet pipe 20 under the action of the liquid supply pump 23, and enters the annular space between the inner cylinder 2 of the simulated shaft and the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft through the nozzle 26 connected with the rear end of the inner cylinder 2 of the simulated shaft. The drilling liquid in the annulus can also be returned to the tank 27 through the outlet pipe 21.
The liquid supply pump 23 in this embodiment is an adjustable displacement pump with a displacement in the range of 0-15L/s.
The feed pump controller 24 in the present embodiment is of the prior art, and is used for controlling the opening, closing, and displacement of the feed pump 23.
Example seven:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the pressurizing mechanism comprises an air source pressure divider 11 and an air inlet valve rod 28; one end of the air inlet valve rod 28 is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft outer barrel 1 through the outer barrel bottom cover plate 6, and the other end of the air inlet valve rod 28 is connected with the air source voltage divider 11.
In actual use, an external air source is input into the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 through the air inlet valve rod 28 after the pressure of the external air source is adjusted through the air source voltage divider 11, so that the supply and the stability of the pressure in the annular space are ensured, the test can be closer to the underground actual pressure, and accurate data support is provided for the subsequent drilling fluid filtration loss test or filter cake evaluation test.
Example eight:
according to a simulation well bore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device shown in fig. 1, the difference from the first embodiment is that: the heating mechanism adopts an electric heating rod 10; the electric heating rod 10 is connected on the bottom cover plate 6 of the outer cylinder; the front end of the electric heating rod 10 extends into the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2.
In practical use, the heating end, i.e. the front end, of the electric heating rod 10 is placed in the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 to heat the drilling fluid to be measured in the annular space, and the rear end of the electric heating rod 10 is connected with an external power supply.
The heating mechanism adopts the technical scheme that the electric heating rod 10 is used for heating, so that the heating operation is more flexible and convenient, and the cost is lower.
Example nine:
a test method of a simulation wellbore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: if a dynamic filtration loss test of the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step two, and if a quality evaluation test of a filter cake formed by the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step eight;
step two: fixing a filtrate collecting mechanism on a measuring platform 12, fixing the measuring platform 12 on the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate 6 and an outer cylinder top surface cover plate 7, switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step three: adjusting a shaft inclination adjusting rod 19 to adjust the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 to a preset inclination angle;
step four: the liquid storage tank 22 is filled with the drilling fluid to be tested, the liquid supply pump 23 is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 of the simulation shaft are filled with the drilling fluid to be tested, and circulation is established;
step five: starting the stirring motor 9, and rotating the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 under the driving of the stirring motor 9 to enable the rotating speed of the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 to reach the test preset rotating speed;
step six: when the temperature and the pressure of the annuluses of the simulation shaft outer cylinder 1 and the simulation shaft inner cylinder 2 reach preset values of a test, adjusting the discharge capacity of the liquid supply pump 23 to the discharge capacity required by the test, starting the laser sensor 16, and starting timing;
step seven: opening a valve on the filtrate guide pipe 14 to enable the filtrate to flow into the filtrate collection box 15, observing and recording the formation process of the filter cake and the specific conditions of the formed mud cake in different time periods, such as visual states of compactness, thickness, roughness and the like through an erected camera; after the preset time of the test is over, recording the volume of the filtrate in the filtrate collection box 15 and the final value of the thickness of the filter cake displayed on the laser induction controller 25;
step eight: fixing filter paper containing filter cakes obtained by an API (application programming interface) filtration tester test on a filter paper cover plate 13 on a measuring platform 12, then fixedly connecting the measuring platform 12 to the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder 1 of the simulated shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom cover plate 6 and an outer cylinder top cover plate 7, switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step nine: repeating the third step;
step ten: clear water or drilling fluid is contained in the liquid storage tank 22, the liquid supply pump 23 is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder 1 of the simulation shaft and the inner cylinder 2 of the simulation shaft are filled with the clear water or the drilling fluid, and circulation is established;
step eleven: repeating the fifth step and the sixth step;
step twelve: and closing a valve on the filtrate guide pipe 14 to prevent the flowing drilling fluid from generating filtrate, observing and photographing the process that the filter cake is washed and damaged by the drilling fluid, and recording the thickness of the filter cake displayed by the laser induction controller 25 at preset intervals, wherein the thickness value of the filter cake is used for the quality evaluation of the subsequent filter cake.
The method is adopted to truly reflect the actual drilling process, so that the obtained data can effectively guide the site construction.
Example ten:
na in drilling fluid is carried out by adopting simulation shaft filtration loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device 2 SO 4 Test of the effect of the content on its fluid loss properties.
(1) 4 groups of drilling fluid base slurry are prepared, and the formula is as follows: 2% Bentonite +0.05% NaOH +0.2% Xanthan gum +0.2% filtrate reducer +2% emulsified asphalt +5% limestone, 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% Na were added, respectively 2 SO 4 Test for Na 2 SO 4 The effect of dosage on drilling fluid loss and quality of filter cake formation;
(2) Placing and fixing filter paper for API drilling fluid on a filter paper cover plate on a measuring platform, then fixedly arranging the measuring platform on the inner bottom surface of an outer cylinder of the simulation shaft, installing the outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate and the outer cylinder top surface cover plate, switching on a heating rod, and connecting an air source voltage divider in a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
(3) Adjusting a shaft inclination adjusting rod, and adjusting the simulation outer cylinder to form an angle of 45 degrees with a plumb line;
(3) The four drilling fluids to be tested are sequentially contained in the liquid storage tank, a liquid supply pump is operated at a small displacement of 6L/s, so that the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft and the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft are filled with the drilling fluids to be tested, and circulation is established;
(4) Starting a stirring motor to enable the rotating speed of the inner cylinder to reach 60rpm;
(5) After the temperature and the pressure of the inner and outer cylinder annular space reach 70 ℃ and 3.5MPa set by the test, adjusting the discharge capacity of the liquid supply pump to 15L/s, and starting timing;
(6) And opening a filtrate guide pipe to enable the filtrate to flow into a filtrate collecting box, and observing and photographing the formation process of the filter cake. After 30 minutes, the filtrate volume FL is recorded Movable part ，FL Movable part The dynamic filtration loss was determined as the API filtration loss (static filtration loss FL) measured under the same conditions Quiet ) Carrying out comparison; the final value of the filter cake thickness indicated by the laser-induced controller is recorded as d.
TABLE 1 Na 2 SO 4 Effect of dosage on drilling fluid loss and Filter cake formation thickness
As can be seen from Table 1, along with Na 2 SO 4 The content is increased, the change value of the static fluid loss measurement is small, no certain rule exists, the change value of the simulated dynamic fluid loss is large, and obvious regularity is presented, namely, along with K 2 SO 4 The filtration loss is increased and the mud cake is thicker and thicker as the addition is increased. Therefore, the data measured by the method can be used for obtaining the test rule more easily, and the influence degree of the treating agent on the drilling fluid loss can be evaluated more easily.
Example eleven:
a simulation shaft filtration loss measurement and filter cake evaluation device is adopted to carry out a filter cake quality evaluation contrast test of the drilling fluid with the same static filtration loss.
(1) 4 parts of drilling fluid (respectively marked as ABCD) for a drilling site are taken, the API low-temperature low-pressure filtration loss is 6mL, the filter cake quality is 1.2mm, and the quality of the 4 parts of drilling fluid is further evaluated by the method;
(2) Respectively measuring the filtration loss of 4 parts of drilling fluid by using an API low-temperature low-pressure filtration loss instrument, obtaining 4 parts of filter cakes, sequentially and respectively placing and fixing the 4 parts of filter cakes on a filter paper cover plate on a measuring platform, fixedly arranging the measuring platform on the inner bottom surface of an outer barrel of a simulation shaft, installing an outer barrel bottom cover plate and an outer barrel top cover plate, connecting a heating rod, and connecting an air source voltage divider in a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
(3) Adjusting a shaft inclination adjusting rod, and adjusting the simulation outer cylinder to form an angle of 45 degrees with a plumb line;
(3) The four drilling fluids to be tested are sequentially stored in the liquid storage tank, a liquid supply pump is operated at a small displacement of 8L/s, so that the inner cylinder of the simulation mineshaft and the outer cylinder of the simulation mineshaft are filled with the drilling fluids to be tested, and circulation is established;
(4) Starting a stirring motor to enable the rotating speed of the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft to reach 60rpm;
(5) After the annular temperature and pressure of the inner cylinder of the simulation shaft and the outer cylinder of the simulation shaft reach 70 ℃ and 3.5MPa set by the test, adjusting the discharge capacity of a liquid supply pump to 15L/s, and starting timing;
(6) Closing a filtrate guide pipe to enable the flowing drilling fluid to be incapable of producing filtrate, observing and photographing the process that a filter cake is washed and damaged by the drilling fluid, recording the thickness of the filter cake displayed by a laser induction controller at intervals of 10 minutes, wherein the test time is 60 minutes, and the thickness is respectively recorded as d 0 、d 10 、d 20 、d 30 、d 40 、d 50 And d 60 And the quality of the filter cake is evaluated according to the evaluation result.
Table 2 thickness of filter cake formed by drilling fluids after different time of flushing
| Sample (I) | d 0 /mm | d 10 /mm | d 20 /mm | d 30 /mm | d 40 /mm | d 50 /mm | d 60 /mm |
| Filter cake A | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.05 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Filter cake B | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 |
| Filter cake C | 1.2 | 1.05 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.85 | 0.8 |
| Filter cake D | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.65 | 0.50 | 0.45 | 0.3 |
As can be seen from Table 2, the API low-temperature low-pressure filtration loss and the filter cake thickness of the 4 drilling fluids are the same, but the numerical value difference of the filter cake in the dynamic scouring state is large, the change value before and after the filter cake A test is minimum, which indicates that the anti-scouring capability is strongest, the filter cake quality is best, and the change value of the filter cake B is maximum, which indicates that the anti-scouring capability is worst, and the filter cake quality is worst.
In conclusion, the method can be used for intuitively measuring the quality of filter cakes formed by different drilling fluids.
The invention can be applied to the dynamic filtration loss of drilling fluid and the quality test of filter cakes under different conditions according to the experimental requirements.
In the case of no conflict, a person skilled in the art may combine the related technical features in the above examples according to actual situations to achieve corresponding technical effects, and details of various combining situations are not described herein.
It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a simulation pit shaft filtration loss measuring and filter cake evaluation device which characterized in that: comprises that
A base (17) is arranged on the upper surface of the base,
the simulation shaft outer barrel comprises a simulation shaft outer barrel (1), wherein a measuring platform (12) is connected to the inner side wall of the bottom of the simulation shaft outer barrel (1), a plurality of filtrate collecting mechanisms are connected to the measuring platform (12) at intervals, an inner barrel connecting mechanism is fixedly connected to the side wall of the top of the simulation shaft outer barrel (1), the front end of the simulation shaft outer barrel (1) is hermetically connected with an outer barrel top surface cover plate (7), a power transmission mechanism is connected to the outer barrel top surface cover plate (7), and the rear end of the simulation shaft outer barrel (1) is hermetically connected with an outer barrel bottom surface cover plate (6);
the supporting mechanism is vertically connected to the base (17), the top of the supporting mechanism is connected with the simulation shaft outer barrel (1), and the supporting mechanism is used for supporting and inclination adjusting the simulation shaft outer barrel (1);
the laser sensor (16), the laser sensor (16) is connected to the lower part of the inner cylinder connecting mechanism;
the laser sensing controller (25), the laser sensing controller (25) is arranged outside the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1), and the laser sensing controller (25) is in electric signal connection with the laser sensor (16);
the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2), the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) is horizontally connected in the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) through an inner cylinder connecting mechanism, and the rear end of the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) is connected with a nozzle (26);
the driving mechanism is rotatably connected with the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) through a power transmission mechanism;
the liquid storage mechanism is connected with a liquid inlet pipe (20) and a liquid outlet pipe (21), the liquid inlet pipe (20) is communicated with the interior of the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) through an outer cylinder top cover plate (7), and the liquid outlet pipe (21) is communicated with the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) and the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) through the outer cylinder top cover plate (7);
the pressurizing mechanism is connected to the bottom cover plate (6) of the outer cylinder;
the heating mechanism is connected to the bottom cover plate (6) of the outer cylinder.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 for simulating wellbore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation, wherein: the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) is a hollow cylinder which is made of transparent materials and is provided with two open ends; the inner diameter is 117mm-311mm, and the length is 0.5-50m; the measuring platform (12) is of a rectangular plate-shaped structure, a plurality of through holes are formed in the measuring platform at equal intervals, and each through hole is connected with a filtrate collecting mechanism; the pressure-resistant ranges of the outer simulated shaft cylinder (1) and the inner simulated shaft cylinder (2) are both 0-10MPa, and the temperature range is room temperature-150 ℃.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the apparatus comprises: the filtrate collecting mechanism comprises a filter paper cover plate (13), a filtrate guide pipe (14) and a filtrate collecting box (15); the filter paper cover plate (13) is connected to the upper surface of the measuring platform (12), the filtrate collecting box (15) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the measuring platform (12), the filtrate guide pipe (14) is arranged in the through hole of the measuring platform (12), and the filter paper cover plate (13) is communicated with the filtrate collecting box (15) through the filtrate guide pipe (14); a valve is arranged on a filtrate guide pipe (14) of the simulated shaft outer cylinder (1).
4. The apparatus of claim 1 for simulating wellbore fluid loss measurement and filter cake evaluation, wherein: the system also comprises a camera; the camera is arranged on a base (17) outside the simulated shaft outer cylinder (1) and is opposite to the middle part of the measuring platform (12).
5. The drilling fluid sand-carrying performance evaluation device of claim 1, wherein: the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting rod (18) and a shaft inclination adjusting rod (19); the supporting rod (18) and the shaft inclination adjusting rod (19) are respectively and vertically fixed on two sides of the base (17); two ends of the simulated shaft outer cylinder (1) are horizontally fixed on a base (17) through a support rod (18) and a shaft inclination adjusting rod (19); the inner cylinder connecting mechanism comprises a plurality of inner cylinder supports (4) and a plurality of inner cylinder support lifting rings (5); the inner cylinder supports (4) are identical in length and are vertically and fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the upper portion of the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1), the bottom end of each inner cylinder support (4) is connected with an inner cylinder support hanging ring (5), and the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) is fixed inside the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) through the inner cylinder support hanging rings (5); the bottom of each inner cylinder support lifting ring (5) is connected with a laser sensor (16); the driving mechanism adopts a stirring motor (9), the power transmission mechanism adopts a coupler (8), the outer end of the coupler (8) is connected with the stirring motor (9) arranged outside the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1), and the inner end of the coupler (8) is connected with one end of the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2).
6. The drilling fluid sand-carrying performance evaluation device of claim 1 or 5, wherein: the simulation shaft inner barrel (2) comprises a multi-section barrel and a plurality of inner barrel couplings (3); the adjacent cylinders are connected through an inner cylinder coupling (3); the outer diameter of the inner barrel coupling (3) is 100-300% of the outer diameter of the inner barrel (2) of the simulated shaft; each section of the cylinder body is a hollow cylinder, and the outer diameter of the cylinder body is 89mm-152mm; the total length of the inner barrel (2) of the simulated shaft is 0.3-49m.
7. The drilling fluid sand-carrying performance evaluation device of claim 1, wherein: the liquid storage mechanism adopts a liquid storage tank (22), and the liquid storage tank (22) comprises a tank body (27), a liquid supply pump (23) and a liquid supply pump controller (24); the liquid supply pump (23) is arranged in the tank body (27) and is positioned at the lower part of one side of the output end of the tank body (27); the outer port of the liquid inlet pipe (20) is connected with a liquid supply pump (23); the outer end pipe orifice of the liquid outlet pipe (21) is communicated with the inside of the tank body (27); the liquid supply pump controller (24) is connected to the tank body (27), and the liquid supply pump controller (24) is electrically connected with the liquid supply pump (23).
8. The drilling fluid sand-carrying performance evaluation device of claim 1, wherein: the pressurizing mechanism comprises an air source voltage divider (11) and an air inlet valve rod (28); one end of the air inlet valve rod (28) is communicated with the inside of the simulation shaft outer barrel (1) through an outer barrel bottom cover plate (6), and the other end of the air inlet valve rod (28) is connected with the air source voltage divider (11).
9. The drilling fluid sand-carrying performance evaluation device of claim 1, wherein: the heating mechanism adopts an electric heating rod; the electric heating rod is connected to a cover plate (6) on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder; the front end of the electric heating rod extends into the annular space between the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) and the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2).
10. A method of testing a simulated wellbore fluid loss measuring and filter cake evaluation apparatus of any of claims 1-9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: if a dynamic filtration loss test of the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step two, and if a quality evaluation test of a filter cake formed by the drilling fluid is carried out, entering the step eight;
step two: fixing a filtrate collecting mechanism on a measuring platform (12), fixing the measuring platform (12) on the inner bottom surface of the outer cylinder (1) of the simulated shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom surface cover plate (6) and an outer cylinder top surface cover plate (7), switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step three: adjusting a shaft inclination adjusting rod (19) to adjust the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) to a preset inclination angle;
step four: the drilling fluid to be detected is contained in the liquid storage tank (22), the liquid supply pump (23) is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the simulation shaft outer cylinder (1) and the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) are filled with the drilling fluid to be detected, and good circulation is established;
step five: starting a stirring motor (9), and rotating the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) under the driving of the stirring motor (9) to enable the rotating speed of the simulation shaft inner cylinder (2) to reach a test preset rotating speed;
step six: when the annular temperature and pressure of the outer simulation shaft cylinder (1) and the inner simulation shaft cylinder (2) reach preset values of a test, adjusting the discharge capacity of the liquid supply pump (23) to the discharge capacity required by the test, starting a laser sensor (16), and starting timing;
step seven: opening a valve on the filtrate guide pipe (14) to enable the filtrate to flow into the filtrate collecting box (15), and observing and recording the formation process of a filter cake; after the preset time of the test is finished, recording the volume of the filtrate in the filtrate collection box (15) and the final value of the thickness of the filter cake displayed on the laser induction controller (25);
step eight: fixing filter paper containing filter cakes obtained by an API (application programming interface) filtration tester test on a filter paper cover plate (13) on a measuring platform (12), then fixedly connecting the measuring platform (12) to the inner bottom surface of an outer cylinder (1) of the simulation shaft, installing an outer cylinder bottom cover plate (6) and an outer cylinder top cover plate (7), switching on a heating mechanism, and connecting a pressurizing mechanism with an external air source;
step nine: repeating the third step;
step ten: clear water or drilling fluid is contained in the liquid storage tank (22), a liquid supply pump (23) is operated at the discharge capacity of 3-8L/s, so that the outer cylinder (1) and the inner cylinder (2) of the simulation mineshaft are filled with the clear water or the drilling fluid, and circulation is established;
step eleven: repeating the fifth step and the sixth step;
step twelve: and closing a valve on the filtrate flow guide pipe (14) to ensure that the flowing drilling fluid cannot generate filtrate, observing and photographing the process that the filter cake is washed and damaged by the drilling fluid, recording the thickness of the filter cake displayed by the laser induction controller (25) at preset intervals, and using the thickness value of the filter cake for the quality evaluation of the subsequent filter cake.
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