CN115406231A - Boron-aluminum composite material recycling device and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides equipment and a method for recycling boron-aluminum composite materials, the equipment comprises a smelting furnace and a stirring device, wherein a first guide cylinder is coaxially arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the smelting furnace, the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft comprises a shaft body in sliding guide fit with the first guide cylinder, a sleeve body sleeved on the shaft body in a sliding mode, and a sliding rod which is coaxial with the shaft body and penetrates through the lower end part of the shaft body in a guide mode, a first limiting surface facing the first guide cylinder is arranged below the first guide cylinder at intervals, the sleeve body is provided with a second limiting surface in limiting fit with the first limiting surface, a plurality of stirring rod assemblies are further arranged between the sliding rod and the sleeve body, the equipment is operated according to the method, when materials are heated and stirred, the stirring rod assemblies are arranged in a first state, and after stirring is completed, the stirring rod assemblies are switched to a second state, and therefore the stirring shaft is beneficial to separation of boron fibers.

Description

Boron-aluminum composite material recycling device and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of boron-aluminum composite material recycling, in particular to equipment and a method for recycling boron-aluminum composite materials.

Background

Boron fiber is used for reinforcing aluminum or aluminum alloy for the boron-aluminum composite material, the boron-aluminum composite material has the advantages of low specific gravity, high mechanical property and the like, waste materials can be generated during preparation of the boron-aluminum composite material, and the manufacturing cost of related industries can be greatly reduced by recycling the waste materials. However, the existing methods for recycling boron-aluminum composite materials mostly adopt a heating method, aluminum and aluminum alloy materials are heated, melted and led out, so that the purpose of separating and recycling boron fibers and aluminum base is achieved, in the process of heating the composite materials, in order to improve the heating efficiency, a makeup stirring device is generally arranged in a heating furnace, however, in the stirring process, boron fibers are easily wound on a stirring piece, so that the boron fibers are not easily separated from the stirring piece, therefore, the existing heating furnace for recycling boron-aluminum composite materials generally adopts means for improving the heating efficiency, but aluminum steam is easily generated after the heating temperature is increased, unnecessary damage is caused to operators, and the energy consumption is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present application provides an apparatus and a method for recycling boron-aluminum composite material.

The invention provides a boron-aluminum composite material recycling device which comprises a smelting furnace and a stirring device arranged on the smelting furnace, wherein a first guide cylinder is coaxially arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the smelting furnace with the smelting furnace, the stirring device comprises a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft comprises a shaft body matched with the first guide cylinder in a sliding and guiding mode, a sleeve body sleeved on the shaft body in a sliding mode, a sliding rod which is coaxial with the shaft body and penetrates through the lower end part of the shaft body in a guiding mode, first limiting surfaces facing the first guide cylinder are arranged below the first guide cylinder at intervals, a second limiting surface matched with the first limiting surfaces in a limiting mode is arranged on the sleeve body, a plurality of stirring rod assemblies are further arranged between the sliding rod and the sleeve body, the stirring rod assemblies are provided with a first state of opening towards the shaft body in the radial direction and a second state of being parallel to the shaft body, and when the shaft body reciprocates along the axial direction, the stirring rod assemblies can be driven to switch between the first state and the second state.

Further, the lower tip of axis body is coaxial to be provided with the direction blind hole, the slide bar direction set up in the direction blind hole, just the tip of slide bar with be provided with return spring between the bottom of direction blind hole.

Further, puddler group including rotate set up in the first gear of the cover body, with first pole that the synchronous rotation of first gear set up and with the articulated second pole of connecting of slide bar, first pole is kept away from the one end of first gear with the second pole is kept away from the articulated connection of one end of slide bar, be provided with on the outer peripheral face of axis body with the tooth's socket that first gear engagement is connected, the axis of first gear the second pole with the articulated shaft of slide bar the first pole with the equal parallel arrangement of articulated shaft of second pole and perpendicular to the axis of axis body.

Furthermore, a first piston is arranged in the first guide cylinder in a sliding mode and connected with the shaft body, the first guide cylinder is communicated with a rigid heat conduction cavity, and a thermal expansion flowing medium is filled in the rigid heat conduction cavity.

The backflow container comprises a piston cavity, a second piston arranged in the piston cavity and a first pressure spring arranged between the second piston and the end face of one end of the piston cavity, the piston cavity is located at one end, far away from the first pressure spring, of the second piston cavity and communicated with the rigid heat conduction cavity, and a control valve is arranged between the rigid heat conduction cavity and the piston cavity.

Further, the smelting furnace comprises a cylindrical outer shell, an annular rotary table is arranged at the bottom of the outer shell, an upper opening accommodating cavity is formed in the rotary table, a first guide cylinder is connected with the outer shell in a rotating mode, a stirring shaft is connected with the outer shell in a non-rotating mode, a second driving device used for driving the first guide cylinder to rotate around the axis of the first guide cylinder is arranged between the first guide cylinder and the outer shell, and a clamping unit used for clamping the inner side wall of the accommodating cavity is arranged on the first guide cylinder.

Furthermore, the clamping unit comprises a plurality of clamping assemblies arranged around the first guide cylinder, each clamping assembly comprises a second piston cylinder arranged along the radial direction of the first guide cylinder, a piston rod arranged in the second piston cylinder in a sliding mode and a clamping plate arranged at one end, far away from the first guide cylinder, of the piston rod, and one end, close to the first guide cylinder, of the second piston cylinder is communicated with the rigid heat conduction cavity.

Further, the rigid heat conduction cavity is fixedly connected with the first guide cylinder, a plurality of rigid rods which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the second piston cylinders are hinged to the outer peripheral surface of each second piston cylinder, a plurality of third piston cavities which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the rigid rods are arranged in the rigid heat conduction cavities, third pistons are arranged in the third piston cavities in a sliding mode, third piston rods are arranged on the lower surfaces of the third pistons, sliding sleeves are sleeved on the rigid rods in a sliding mode, the end portions of the third piston rods are connected with the sliding sleeves in a hinged mode, the third piston cavities are arranged in parallel with the first guide cylinders, and the upper end portions of the third piston cavities are located on the side, away from the rigid rods, of the third pistons and communicated with the interior of the rigid heat conduction cavities.

Further, the outer shell comprises a cylindrical body and a cover body covering the upper end of the body, the first guide cylinder is arranged on the cover body, and the cover body is further provided with a feed opening and an air filtering device.

Further, the invention also provides a method for recycling the boron-aluminum composite material, which comprises the following steps:

step one, putting materials into a smelting furnace;

heating through the smelting furnace, wherein the pressure drop in the rigid heat conduction cavity is increased along with the increase of the temperature in the smelting furnace, and the stirring rod group is driven to be switched from the second state to the first state;

step three, the smelting furnace is continuously heated, the internal materials are stirred through the stirring shaft, the aluminum materials are led out after being heated and melted, and boron fibers are wound on the stirring rod group of the stirring shaft until all the materials are processed;

step four, waiting for the pressure intensity in the rigid heat conduction cavity to be reduced, switching the stirring assembly from the first state to the second state, and then separating the stirring shaft from the boron fiber;

and step five, taking the boron fiber out of the furnace.

Advantageous effects

The invention provides equipment and a method for recycling a boron-aluminum composite material.

Drawings

Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a boron-aluminum composite material recycling device provided by the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a stirring shaft and a first guide cylinder in the boron-aluminum composite material recycling device provided by the invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stirring rod set in a second state in the boron-aluminum composite material recycling apparatus provided by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial enlarged structure at a in fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view at C-C in fig. 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of the reflux drum of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a part of the enlarged structure at B in fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a part of an enlarged structure at D in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a part of an enlarged structure at E in fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of a part of the enlarged structure at F in fig. 7.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the connection structure between the components of the cleaning assembly of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a recycling method of a boron-aluminum composite material according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

Example one

The invention provides a boron-aluminum composite material recycling device, as a specific implementation manner, referring to fig. 1, the device includes a melting furnace 1, and further includes a stirring apparatus 2 disposed in the melting furnace 1, a first guide cylinder 10 is disposed on an inner side wall of a top of the melting furnace 1 coaxially with the melting furnace 1, the stirring apparatus 2 includes a stirring shaft 21, the stirring shaft 21 includes a shaft body 210 slidably and slidably engaged with the first guide cylinder 10, a sleeve body 211 slidably sleeved on the shaft body 210, and a sliding rod 213 coaxially with the shaft body 210 and slidably disposed at a lower end of the shaft body 210, a first limit surface 216 facing the first guide cylinder is disposed below the first guide cylinder at an interval, the sleeve body 211 is provided with a second limit surface 2110 in limit engagement with the first limit surface 216, a plurality of stirring rod sets 217 are further disposed between the sliding rod 213 and the sleeve body, the stirring rod sets have a first state radially opening toward the shaft body 210 and a second state parallel to the shaft body 210, and when the shaft body reciprocates along an axial direction, the stirring rod sets 217 can be switched between the second state.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1, in use, the shaft 210 is controlled to position the stirring rod group 217 in a second state parallel to the shaft, the boron-aluminum composite material is fed into the furnace 1, aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the boron-aluminum composite material is melted by heating in the furnace, the stirring rod group 217 is located between materials, the shaft 210 is driven to move axially, the stirring assembly is driven to expand outwardly to the first state in the second state, the inner material is stirred by relative rotation of the stirring shaft 21 and the inner material, the heating uniformity is improved, boron fibers can be wound around the outside of the stirring rod group 217 as the aluminum material is melted, a columnar or spherical boron fiber cluster similar to a coaxial stirring shaft can be formed outside the stirring assembly as the boron fibers are stirred, liquid aluminum liquid is led out after melting, the shaft 21 is driven to move in an opposite direction to an initial position, the stirring rod group 217 is driven to the second state, the stirring rod group 217 is parallel to the shaft, and therefore the boron fibers can be drawn out of the boron fiber cluster in the axial direction, the aluminum fiber cluster can be separated from the boron fiber cluster, and the problem that the stirring rod group 217 is easily driven in the stirring shaft 210 is solved.

Further, as a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the mixing rod assembly is specifically configured such that the mixing rod assembly 217 includes a first gear 2170 rotatably disposed on the sleeve body 211, a first rod 2171 rotatably disposed in synchronization with the first gear, and a second rod 2173 hingedly connected to the sliding rod 213, as a specific embodiment, the first rod 2171 may be fixedly connected to the first gear by welding, one end of the first rod away from the first gear and one end of the second rod away from the sliding rod are hingedly connected, a toothed slot 2103 engaged with the first gear is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft body 210, and an axis of the first gear, a hinge shaft of the second rod and the sliding rod 213, and a hinge shaft of the first rod and the second rod are all disposed in parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the shaft body.

Further, a guiding blind hole 2101 is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the shaft body 210, the sliding rod 213 is arranged in the guiding blind hole 2101 in a guiding manner, and a return spring 2102 is arranged between the end of the sliding rod and the bottom of the guiding blind hole 2101.

Specifically, the working principle is as follows: referring to fig. 3, when the stirring rod assembly 217 is in the second state, the return spring 2102 is in the extended state, the first rod and the second rod are both in a state parallel to the shaft body 210, the first limiting surface 216 and the second limiting surface 2110 are in a separated state, when the state of the stirring rod assembly needs to be switched, the shaft body 210 is driven to move axially downward, so that the sleeve body 211 can be pushed to move downward together, when the first limiting surface contacts with the second limiting surface, the sleeve body 211 is limited, the sleeve body 211 cannot continue to move downward, the shaft body 210 and the sleeve body slide relatively, because the first gear is meshed with the tooth socket 2103, the first gear can be driven to rotate when the shaft body 210 and the sleeve body slide relatively, so that one end of the first rod, which is far away from the first gear, rotates outward, and at this time, the first rod drives the end of the second rod to rotate outward, and provides a pulling force to the sliding rod 213 to make the sliding rod 213 slide towards the guiding blind hole against the elastic force of the return spring 2102, so that the stirring rod group 217 is driven to the first state, by this way, the first rod and the second rod are unfolded in an outward rotating way, so that the boron fiber can be pushed away from the inside to the outside, so that the boron fiber is less prone to be wound on the stirring rod group, further, after the stirring task is completed, the shaft body 210 is driven to move upwards, so that the first rod body and the second rod body are returned to a state parallel to the shaft body again under the elastic force of the return spring, then the shaft body continues to move upwards to drive the sleeve body to move upwards to separate the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface, as a preferred embodiment, a connecting cylinder is coaxially arranged at the lower end part of the first guiding cylinder 10, an end cover 216a is detachably connected at the lower end part of the connecting cylinder, and the first limiting surface is an upper surface of the end cover, the second limiting surface is a lower surface of the step portion of the sleeve body 211 which expands outwards.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, the manner in which the shaft body 210 is driven is: referring to fig. 1 and 2, a first piston 2100 is slidably disposed in the first guide cylinder 10, the first piston is connected to the shaft 210, the first guide cylinder 10 is communicated with a rigid heat conduction cavity 100, and a thermal expansion flowing medium is filled in the rigid heat conduction cavity 100.

Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is enclosed around the first guiding cylinder, and as a preferred embodiment, it is fixedly connected to the first guiding cylinder by welding, a first flow channel 10a communicating with the interior of the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is provided on the outer side wall of the first guiding cylinder 10, and the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 may be made of a steel plate with a melting point higher than 1200 degrees, by this arrangement, when the boron-aluminum composite material is heated by the furnace, the stirring shaft is placed inside the material to be processed, and then the material is heated by the furnace, as the temperature inside the furnace rises, the thermal expansion flowing medium inside the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is also heated and expanded, and after the expansion, the first piston 2100 is pushed to move downward, the first piston drives the stirring rod group 210 to move downward, so as to achieve the effect of switching the stirring rod group from the second state to the first state, then the material is stirred by the stirring rod group 217, the aluminum liquid is led out, the boron fiber is left inside the furnace, after all the materials are processed, the temperature inside the stirring rod group is stopped from the second state, so that the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 shrinks, the first piston is driven to move upward, and the stirring rod group 217 is separated from the first piston 2100, so as to the second piston, and the boron fiber is separated from the boron fiber; in a preferred embodiment, a material having a certain heat insulating property, such as asbestos layer, may be attached to the outer surface of the rigid heat conduction cavity 100, so that the temperature inside the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is lower than the temperature inside the furnace, and when the temperature inside the furnace is at a heating temperature of 700-800 ℃, the temperature inside the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is at 80-90 ℃, thereby protecting the internal thermal expansion fluid medium.

Further, as a preferred embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 6, the backflow container 101 is further included, the backflow container 101 includes a piston cavity 101, a second piston 1011 disposed in the piston cavity 1010, and a first compression spring 1012 disposed between the second piston and an end surface of the piston cavity 1010, the piston cavity 1010 is located at an end of the second piston 1011 away from the first compression spring 1012 and is communicated with the rigid heat conduction cavity 100, and a control valve 103 is disposed between the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 and the piston cavity.

Specifically, the reflux container 101 is arranged on the outer side wall of the furnace, the exterior of the first guide cylinder 10 is sleeved with the rotary connecting sleeve 102, the side wall of the first guide cylinder is provided with the second flow channel 10b connected with the rotary connecting sleeve 102, the rotary connecting sleeve 102 is communicated with the piston cavity 1010 through the infusion tube 1013, and the control valve is arranged on the infusion tube 1013, it can be understood that, when the stirring rod set is in the first state and finishes the recovery work, the control valve 103 can be opened by opening the control valve 103, at this time, the liquid in the heat-conducting rigid cavity can flow into the piston cavity 1010 and push the second piston 1011 to press the first compression spring to move, the thermal expansion flowing medium in the first guide cylinder 10 is pressed into the heat-conducting rigid cavity under the elastic force of the return spring 2101, so as to accelerate the liquid in the heat-conducting rigid cavity 217, after the temperature of the heat-conducting rigid cavity is reduced, the thermal expansion flowing medium is contracted, and the internal extrusion force of the first guide cylinder 10 is pressed into the heat-conducting rigid cavity under the elastic force of the return spring 2101, and the internal pressure spring can be returned to control the internal pressure of the heat-conducting rigid cavity 103, so as to control the recovery work; as a specific embodiment, the control valve 103 may be a manual valve.

Further, as specific embodiments, specific structures of the melting furnace 1 and specific modes of the stirring operation of the stirring shaft 21 are as follows: smelting furnace 1 includes cylindrical shell body 11, the bottom of shell body is provided with annular revolving stage 12, be provided with upper portion open-ended on the revolving stage 12 and hold the chamber body 13, first guide cylinder 10 with shell body 11 rotates to be connected, (mixing) shaft 21 with shell body 11 non-rotation is connected, first guide cylinder with be provided with between the shell body and be used for the drive first guide cylinder is around its axis pivoted second drive arrangement 15, it is right to be provided with on the first guide cylinder 10 hold the unit 14 with holding of holding 13 inside wall centre gripping of chamber body.

Specifically, referring to fig. 1 and 2, as a specific embodiment, the driving device 15 includes a driving motor 151 disposed on an outer surface of the outer housing 11 and a driven gear 152 sleeved on a first guiding cylinder and drivingly connected to an output shaft of the driving motor, an upper end opening of the first guiding cylinder is provided with an end plug 102, the shaft body 21 includes a first section 210a rotatably connected to the end plug 102 and a second section 210b rotatably guided to a lower end surface of the first guiding cylinder, one end of the first section 210a close to the second section 210b is provided with a spline shaft section 210a-1, the second section 210b is provided with a spline blind hole 210b-1 in plug-in fit with the spline shaft section 210a-1, a sleeve body 211 is sleeved on a periphery of the second section, the sliding rod 213 is non-rotatably fitted with the guide blind hole 2101, the first piston 2100 is disposed on the second section 210b, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a frame body 1a is arranged at the top of the furnace, the end part of the first section 210a extends out of the furnace and is connected with the frame body in a non-rotating way, in particular, the outer circumferential surface of the end part of the first section 210a can be provided with a spline, the frame body is provided with a spline sleeve sleeved at the end part of the first section so as to form non-rotation fit, the outer peripheral surface of the first guide cylinder is provided with a clamping unit 14, when in use, the clamping unit 14 extends out to clamp the inner side wall of the cavity body 13, then the driving motor 151 drives the first guide cylinder to rotate, the first guide cylinder clamps the inner side wall of the cavity body 13 through the clamping unit 14 so as to drive the cavity body to rotate on the annular rotary table, thereby driving the material in the cavity 13 to rotate in a certain range towards the rotating direction of the cavity, the shaft body 210 is non-rotatably engaged with the outer shell 11, so that the stirring shaft can stir the material, and the specific structure of the holding unit 14 and the working method thereof are referred to below.

Further, the specific structure of the clamping unit is as follows: in fig. 1, 2, 4, and 5, the clamping unit 14 includes a plurality of clamping assemblies 140 disposed around the first guide cylinder, the clamping assemblies 140 include a second piston cylinder 1401 disposed along a radial direction of the first guide cylinder, a piston rod 1402 slidably disposed in the second piston cylinder 1401, and a clamping plate 1403 disposed at an end of the piston rod 1402 away from the first guide cylinder, and an end of the second piston cylinder 1401 close to the first guide cylinder is communicated with the rigid heat-conducting chamber 100.

Specifically, through the above arrangement mode, when the furnace body is not heated, the thermal expansion flowing medium inside the rigid heat conduction cavity is not expanded, at this moment, the piston rod 1402 is in a contraction state, so that the holding unit 14 can be conveniently extended into the containing cavity 13, along with the heating inside the furnace, the pressure of the flowing medium inside the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is increased due to thermal expansion, so that the flowing medium flows into the second piston cylinder 1401, the piston rod 1402 is pushed to move outwards, the clamping plate 1403 is clamped on the inner side wall of the containing cavity, the clamping function is realized, after the pressure of the flowing medium inside the rigid heat conduction cavity is reduced, the piston rod 1402 contracts under the action of negative pressure, the clamping plate 1403 is separated from the inner side wall of the containing cavity 13, and the separation is realized.

Further, as a further improvement, referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 4, and fig. 5, the rigid heat conducting cavity 100 is fixedly connected to the first guide cylinder, rigid rods 141 that are arranged in one-to-one correspondence to the plurality of second piston cylinders 1401 are hinged to the outer circumferential surface of the second piston cylinder 1401, third piston cavities 142 that are arranged in one-to-one correspondence to the plurality of rigid rods 141 are arranged in the rigid heat conducting cavity, third pistons 143 are slidably arranged in the third piston cavities, third piston rods 144 are arranged on the lower surfaces of the third pistons, sliding sleeves 145 are slidably sleeved on the rigid rods 141, ends of the third piston rods 144 are hinged to the sliding sleeves 145, the third piston cavities 142 are arranged in parallel to the first guide cylinder, and upper ends of the third piston cavities are located on a side of the third pistons away from the rigid rods and are communicated with the interior of the rigid heat conducting cavity.

Specifically, by providing the third piston cavity 142 and the rigid rod 141, when the pressure of the flowing medium in the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is increased by thermal expansion, the third piston 143 is pushed to move downward, so as to push the third piston rod 144 to move vertically downward, and the end of the rigid rod far away from the first guide cylinder is pushed to swing downward, until the second piston cylinder is in a horizontal state, the third piston 143 abuts against the end of the third piston cavity to form a limit, and as the pressure in the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 continues to be increased, the flowing medium flows into the second piston cavity to push the second piston rod to extend out of the second piston cavity to drive the clamping plate to clamp the inner side wall of the cavity 13, and when the pressure of the flowing medium in the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is reduced, the second piston rod and the third piston rod both contract, so that the second piston cylinder moves out of the range of the cavity 13, thereby being more beneficial to separation of the clamping unit 14 from the cavity 13.

Further, referring to fig. 4, a second return spring 1404 is disposed between the second piston 1403 and an end surface of the second piston cylinder, the end surface being away from one end of the first guide cylinder, and the second return spring 1404 is disposed to ensure that the third piston is pushed to move first when the pressure of the flowing medium in the rigid heat conduction chamber 100 rises due to thermal expansion, so that the second piston cylinder is pushed from the storage state to the horizontal state, and then the second piston is pushed to resist the elastic force of the second return spring to move after the third piston is completely pushed out, and when the pressure of the flowing medium in the rigid heat conduction chamber 100 falls, the second piston is made to retract under the resilience of the second return spring, so that the clamping plate is separated before the chamber body, and then the third piston retracts, thereby avoiding collision or friction between the clamping plate and the chamber body.

Further, it can be understood that, the working environment of the chamber is a high temperature environment, and therefore the inner wall of the chamber inevitably has a phenomenon of hollowing or unevenness after a long time of use, and thus there is a possibility that the clamping plate and the inner side wall of the chamber 13 are not tightly clamped and cannot provide a sufficient clamping force, in order to avoid this phenomenon, referring to fig. 4 and 5, an extension cylinder is coaxially disposed at one end of the second piston cylinder 1401 away from the first guide cylinder 10, guide grooves 1408 having a T-shaped cross section are disposed on the cylinder walls of the opposite sides of the extension cylinder, the guide direction of the guide grooves is parallel to the axial direction of the second piston rod, guide rods 1406 having a T-shaped cross section are disposed in the guide grooves, rack portions 14071 are disposed on the surfaces facing each other of the two guide rods, a driving gear 1405 is rotatably disposed at the end of the second piston rod, the driving gear 1405 is engaged with the two rack portions 71, the rotating shaft of the driving gear is disposed perpendicular to the second piston rod, a clamping plate 1403 is disposed at the end of each guide rod 1406, when the second piston rod is extended, the two driving gears 14071 are capable of being synchronously pushed, and when the two clamping plates are moved forward, the clamping plates are moved forward, and the inner side wall of the two clamping plates are moved forward, and then the clamping plates are moved forward.

Further, in a preferred embodiment, the outer housing 11 includes a cylindrical main body 110 and a cover 111 covering an upper end of the main body, the first guide cylinder is disposed on the cover, and the cover is further provided with a feeding port 112 and an air filter 3.

Referring to fig. 1, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the body, and through the discharge port 1b, an outflow hole 130 is arranged at the bottom of the containing cavity, when in use, waste materials can be put in through a feed port, aluminum materials flow out along with the outflow hole after being heated and melted and then flow out from the discharge port 1b, boron fibers are wound outside the stirring shaft until the waste materials are completely treated, then the pressure of a thermal expansion flowing medium in the rigid heat conduction cavity 100 is reduced, the stirring rod group is recovered to a second state, the holding component 14 returns to an initial state of releasing the containing cavity, then the cover body 111 is vertically lifted to be separated from the body 110, the boron fibers in the containing cavity can be taken out, and trace aluminum vapor generated in the heating process can be filtered by arranging the air filtering device 3 on the cover body, so as to ensure the health of workers, wherein the specific structure of the air filtering device is referred to the following.

Further, as a specific embodiment, the specific structure of the air filtering device and the filtering method thereof are as follows: referring to fig. 7-11, the air filtering device includes a body 31 thermally coupled to a cover 111, an air flow channel 3a is disposed inside the body, an exhaust fan (not shown) is connected to an air outlet 3a-1 of the air flow channel 3a, the cover 111 is provided with an opening 1110 corresponding to an air inlet of the air flow channel 3a, a filter assembly 32 is disposed in the air flow channel 3a, a cleaning assembly 33 is disposed in the body 31 and adapted to the filter assembly 32, wherein the filter assembly includes a heat conducting block 321, a plurality of condensing flow channels 322 are disposed in parallel in the heat conducting block, a cooling channel 323 disposed in the heat conducting block, and a cooling liquid supply device 324 connected to the cooling channel, the cooling liquid is preferably water, the cooling liquid supply device may be a liquid pump, a liquid outlet of the cooling liquid supply device is connected to a liquid inlet of the cooling channel 323 through a first liquid pipe 3410, a liquid outlet of the cooling channel is connected to a return port of the cooling liquid supply device 324 through a second liquid pipe 3411, and the first liquid pipe 3410 is provided with a first solenoid valve 3412, when in use, the upper layer of air in the melting furnace is pumped out through the air flow channel 3a by the operation of an exhaust fan (not shown), and meanwhile, the cooling liquid is supplied to the cooling channel 323 through the cooling liquid supply device 324 to reduce the temperature of the inner side wall of the condensation channel 323 to 90-150 ℃, at this time, the aluminum vapor is condensed and attached to the inner side wall of the condensation channel 322 when passing through the condensation channel 322, so as to achieve the purpose of filtering the aluminum vapor, along with the filtering, the aluminum layer 4 attached to the inner side wall of the condensation channel becomes thicker and thicker, so as to affect the ventilation effect, and further, a cleaning assembly 33 is further provided, and the pressure detection devices can be arranged on both sides of the condensation channel, so that when the pressure difference value of the two pressure detection devices reaches a predetermined value, the cleaning assembly 33 is controlled to operate to the condensation channel The aluminum layer is cleaned, wherein the specific structure of the cleaning assembly 33 is as follows: comprises a body 331 arranged opposite to the heat conducting block 321, the body 331 is provided with a guide passage 332 corresponding to a plurality of condensing flow passages 322 one by one, a working cavity 330 communicated with one end of the guide passage 331 far away from the heat conducting block, a fourth piston 333 is arranged in the guide passage in a sliding guide way and connected with a cleaning rod 334 capable of penetrating into the condensing passage, the heating cavity 335 is arranged in the heating block, a spray head 336 is arranged in the heating cavity 335, the spray head 336 is connected with a liquid outlet of the cooling liquid supply device 324 through a third liquid pipe 3361, a second electromagnetic valve 33610 is arranged on the third liquid pipe 3361, the heating cavity 335 is provided with a steam outlet 3351, the working cavity 330 is provided with a steam inlet 3301 communicated with the steam outlet, a third electromagnetic valve 3302 is arranged between the steam inlet and the steam outlet, and by the arrangement mode, when the cleaning component works, the first electromagnetic valve is controlled to be closed through a control device 5, the second electromagnetic valve is opened for a certain time, a certain amount of water mist is sprayed into the heating cavity 335 by the cooling liquid supply device 324, water is heated and evaporated to generate a large amount of steam, after the second electromagnetic valve is opened for a preset time T1, the third electromagnetic valve is opened, the steam enters the working cavity 330 through the steam outlet 3351 and the steam inlet, so that the pressure in the working cavity is rapidly increased, the fourth piston can be pushed to rapidly move to drive the cleaning rod 334 to enter the cooling channel 323 to impact and clean the aluminum layer in the cooling channel, further, the cleaning rod 334 is in sliding sealing fit with the annular end cover 3321 at the lower end part of the guide channel, the top of the working cavity 330 is provided with a discharge valve group 336 and a locking assembly 337 for locking the discharge valve group, wherein the discharge valve group comprises a valve channel 3361 communicated with the working cavity, a valve core 3362 arranged in the valve channel in a sliding manner, a vent valve cover 3363 arranged at the upper end part of the valve channel and a limiting spring 3364 arranged between the valve core and the vent valve cover, the outer peripheral surface of the valve core is in sliding sealing fit with the inner side wall of the valve channel, and the valve core moves to the bottom of the valve channel under the elastic force action of the limiting spring when the pressure in the working cavity is equal to atmospheric pressure; the side wall of the valve channel is provided with a valve hole 33610 communicated with the atmosphere, and the distance from the valve hole to the breathable valve cover is greater than L1+ L2 along the axial direction of the valve channel, wherein L1 is the axial length of the valve core, and L2 is the length of the limiting spring in a complete compression state; the locking assembly 337 comprises a locking channel 3371 perpendicular to the valve passage, a fifth piston 3372 slidably disposed in the locking channel, a locking rod 3373 disposed on one side of the fifth piston close to the valve passage 3361, a through hole for the locking rod to pass through is disposed on a side wall of the valve passage, the through hole is in sealing sliding fit with the locking rod, an annular locking groove 33620 adapted to the locking rod is disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the valve core 3362, a vent hole 33710 is disposed on the locking channel, one end of the locking channel far from the valve passage is communicated with the atmosphere, and when the locking rod extends into the annular locking groove, the vent hole 33710 is disposed between the fifth piston and the valve passage; the main body is provided with a first communicating channel 3374 communicating the air flow channel 3a and the vent hole 33710, the side wall of each guide channel 332 is provided with a second vent hole 3320 communicating with the first communicating channel 3374, the length of the second vent hole reaching the lower end part of the wire channel along the axial direction of the wire channel is less than one half of the total length of the wire channel and more than one fourth of the total length, by the arrangement mode, when the air filtering device normally works, negative pressure is generated in the air flow channel 3a, so that pressure difference is generated on two sides of a fifth piston in the locking channel, the fifth piston is pushed under the action of the pressure difference to enable a locking rod to stretch into an annular locking groove to lock the valve core, when the cleaning component 33 needs to work, the exhaust fan stops working, and pushes the fourth piston to rapidly move downwards through the generated steam to push the cleaning rod to rapidly enter the condensation flow channel 322 to push and clean the aluminum layer inside, after the fourth piston passes through the second vent port 3320, the second vent port 3320 is communicated with the working chamber 320, the steam in the working chamber enters the locking channel 3371 through the first communication channel 3374, the fifth piston is pushed to move, so that the locking rod 3373 releases the valve core 3362, the valve core is pushed open under the action of the air pressure in the working chamber, the air in the working chamber is released from the valve hole 33610, so that the air pressure in the working chamber is lowered, the fourth piston 333 continues to move under the action of the air pressure and inertia to compress the air below the guide channel, so that the air pressure below the guide channel is raised, and the air pressure in the working chamber is released and lowered, so that the cleaning rod can rebound for a certain distance under the air pressure below the guide channel when the fourth piston moves to the lowest point, so that the cleaning rod is pulled out of the condensation channel 322, and the air in the working chamber is released, the valve core is rebounded to abut against the bottom of the valve channel under the elastic force action of the limiting spring, the third electromagnetic valve 3302 is closed, the cleaning assembly finishes the cleaning work, the aluminum layer pushed out by the cleaning rod enters the melting furnace from the opening 1110 to be melted and recovered again, the exhaust fan continues to work, negative pressure is generated in the air flow channel again, and the locking rod is inserted into the annular locking groove again to lock the valve core under the action of the negative pressure.

Further, in some embodiments, a second communication channel (not shown) is further provided in the body 31 for communicating the working chamber 330 with the air flow channel, and the flow cross-section of the second communication channel is smaller than the flow cross-section of the second vent port 3320 and smaller than the flow cross-section of the communication channel 3374, by which the pressure in the working chamber is equal to the pressure in the flow channel through the second communication channel when the exhaust fan is in operation, the cleaning assembly can be disposed below the filter assembly, so that the fourth piston and the cleaning rod can stay in the guide channel under the action of gravity and the friction force between the fourth piston and the guide channel 332, and the fourth piston has a proper stroke, thereby ensuring that the piston obtains a sufficient speed under the condition of steam pushing.

Further, referring to fig. 10, an installation channel 3210 is disposed in the heat conduction block 321, a steel cylinder 3211 is coaxially disposed in the installation channel, the condensation channel 322 is an internal channel of the cylinder 3211, an annular step that is in sealing fit with an end of the installation channel is disposed at one end of the cylinder, and the other end of the cylinder is in sealing fit with an end of the installation cylinder through a locking nut 32110 and a gasket 32111, so that annular spaces 3212 with two sealed ends are formed between the cylinder 3211 and an inner side wall of the installation channel 3210, each annular space 3212 is communicated with a second steam inlet 3213 on the heat conduction block, the second steam inlet 3213 is communicated with a steam outlet 3351, and a fourth solenoid valve 3314 is disposed between the two, and micropores 32112 are uniformly disposed on the cylinder 3211, by this arrangement, when a cleaning assembly 33 works in the heating cavity 335 to generate high-pressure steam, the fourth solenoid valve is first controlled to be opened by a control device 5, the high-pressure steam enters each annular space 3212 and then flows out from the inside of the micropore 32110, so as to form a high-pressure steam layer between the inner side wall of the cylinder and the aluminum layer, thereby facilitating the cleaning of the aluminum layer, and further pushing the aluminum layer out of the cylinder.

Example two

Further, referring to fig. 12, the present invention also provides a method for recycling a boron-aluminum composite material, including the following steps: step one, putting materials into a smelting furnace; step two, heating through a smelting furnace, wherein the pressure drop in a rigid heat conduction cavity rises along with the rise of the temperature in the smelting furnace, a stirring rod group is driven to be switched from a second state to a first state, heating is continuously carried out on the smelting furnace, internal materials are stirred through a stirring shaft, the aluminum materials are heated and melted and then are led out, and boron fibers are wound on the stirring rod group of the stirring shaft until all the materials are processed; and step four, waiting for the pressure intensity in the rigid heat conduction cavity to be reduced, switching the stirring assembly from the first state to the second state, then separating the stirring shaft from the boron fiber, and step five, taking the boron fiber out of the smelting furnace.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention according to the present application is not limited to the specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments where any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents is made without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A boron-aluminum composite material recycling device comprises a smelting furnace (1), and is characterized in that: the stirring device comprises a melting furnace (1) and is characterized by further comprising a stirring device (2) arranged on the melting furnace (1), a first guide cylinder (10) is coaxially arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the melting furnace (1), the stirring device (2) comprises a stirring shaft (21), the stirring shaft (21) comprises a shaft body (210) in sliding guide fit with the first guide cylinder (10), a sleeve body (211) sleeved on the shaft body (210) in a sliding mode, and a sliding rod (213) which is coaxial with the shaft body (210) and penetrates through the lower end portion of the shaft body (210) in a guiding mode, a first limiting surface (216) facing the first guide cylinder is arranged below the first guide cylinder at intervals, a second limiting surface (2110) in limiting fit with the first limiting surface (216) is arranged on the sleeve body (211), a plurality of stirring rod assemblies (217) are further arranged between the sliding rod (213) and the sleeve body, the stirring rod assemblies have a first state of radial opening towards the shaft body (210) and a second state of parallel to the shaft body (210), and when the shaft body moves in an axial direction, the shaft body can drive the stirring rod assemblies (217) to switch between the first state and the second state.

2. The recycling device and the recycling method for boron-aluminum composite material according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the shaft body (210) is coaxially provided with a blind guiding hole (2101), the sliding rod (213) is guided and arranged in the blind guiding hole (2101), and a return spring (2102) is arranged between the end of the sliding rod and the bottom of the blind guiding hole (2101).

3. The boron-aluminum composite material recycling device as recited in claim 1, wherein the stirring rod set (217) comprises a first gear (2170) rotatably disposed on the sheath body (211), a first rod (2171) rotatably disposed in synchronization with the first gear, and a second rod (2173) hingedly connected to the sliding rod (213), wherein one end of the first rod away from the first gear and one end of the second rod away from the sliding rod are hingedly connected, a tooth socket (2103) engaged with the first gear is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the shaft body (210), and an axis of the first gear, a hinge shaft of the second rod and the sliding rod (213), and a hinge shaft of the first rod and the second rod are parallel and perpendicular to an axis of the shaft body.

4. The recycling equipment for boron-aluminum composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that a first piston (2100) is slidably disposed in the first guiding cylinder (10), the first piston is connected to the shaft body (210), the first guiding cylinder (10) is communicated with a rigid heat conducting cavity (100), and the rigid heat conducting cavity (100) is filled with thermal expansion flowing medium.

5. The boron-aluminum composite material recycling device according to claim 4, further comprising a return container (101), wherein the return container (101) comprises a piston cavity (1010), a second piston (1011) arranged in the piston cavity (1010), and a first compression spring (1012) arranged between the second piston and the end surface of the piston cavity (1010), the end of the piston cavity (101) located at the second piston (1011) far away from the first compression spring (1012) is communicated with the rigid heat conduction cavity (100), and a control valve (103) is arranged between the rigid heat conduction cavity (100) and the piston cavity.

6. The boron-aluminum composite material recycling device according to claim 5, wherein the melting furnace (1) comprises a cylindrical outer shell (11), an annular rotary table (12) is arranged at the bottom of the outer shell, a cavity (13) with an upper opening is arranged on the rotary table (12), the first guide cylinder (10) is rotatably connected with the outer shell (11), the stirring shaft (21) is non-rotatably connected with the outer shell (11), a second driving device (15) for driving the first guide cylinder to rotate around the axis of the first guide cylinder is arranged between the first guide cylinder and the outer shell, and a clamping unit (14) for clamping the inner side wall of the cavity (13) is arranged on the first guide cylinder (10).

7. The boron-aluminum composite material recycling device according to claim 6, wherein the clamping unit (14) comprises a plurality of clamping assemblies (140) arranged around the first guide cylinder, the clamping assemblies (140) comprise a second piston cylinder (1401) arranged along the radial direction of the first guide cylinder, a piston rod (1402) arranged in the second piston cylinder (1401) in a sliding manner, and a clamping plate (1403) arranged at one end of the piston rod (1402) far away from the first guide cylinder, and one end of the second piston cylinder (1401) near the first guide cylinder is communicated with the rigid heat-conducting cavity (100).

8. The boron-aluminum composite material recycling device according to claim 7, wherein the rigid heat conducting cavity (100) is fixedly connected with the first guide cylinder, rigid rods (141) which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of second piston cylinders (1401) are hinged to the outer circumferential surface of the second piston cylinder (1401), third piston cavities (142) which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of rigid rods (141) are arranged in the rigid heat conducting cavity, third pistons (143) are arranged in the third piston cavities in a sliding manner, third piston rods (144) are arranged on the lower surfaces of the third pistons, sliding sleeves (145) are slidably sleeved on the rigid rods (141), the end portions of the third piston rods (144) are hinged to the sliding sleeves (145), the third piston cavities (142) are arranged in parallel to the first guide cylinder, and the upper end portions of the third piston cavities are communicated with the rigid heat conducting cavity on the side, away from the rigid rods, of the third pistons.

9. The recycling apparatus of boron-aluminum composite material according to claim 8, wherein the outer casing (11) comprises a cylindrical body (110) and a cover (111) covering the upper end of the body, the first guiding cylinder is disposed on the cover, and the cover is further provided with a feeding port (112) and an air filtering device (3).

10. A method for recycling a boron-aluminum composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step one, putting materials into a smelting furnace;

step two, heating the furnace, wherein the pressure drop in the rigid heat conduction cavity is increased along with the increase of the temperature in the furnace, and the stirring rod group is driven to be switched from the second state to the first state;

step three, the smelting furnace is continuously heated, the internal materials are stirred through the stirring shaft, the aluminum materials are led out after being heated and melted, and boron fibers are wound on the stirring rod group of the stirring shaft until all the materials are processed;

step four, waiting for the pressure intensity in the rigid heat conduction cavity to be reduced, switching the stirring assembly from the first state to the second state, and then separating the stirring shaft from the boron fiber;

and step five, taking the boron fiber out of the furnace.

Images