CN115405338B - Subway construction top strutting arrangement - Google Patents
Subway construction top strutting arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN115405338B CN115405338B CN202211157415.0A CN202211157415A CN115405338B CN 115405338 B CN115405338 B CN 115405338B CN 202211157415 A CN202211157415 A CN 202211157415A CN 115405338 B CN115405338 B CN 115405338B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 96
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/28—Telescopic props with parts held relatively to each other by friction or gripping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/28—Telescopic props with parts held relatively to each other by friction or gripping
- E21D15/42—Telescopic props with parts held relatively to each other by friction or gripping with special parts to influence the friction
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/14—Telescopic props
- E21D15/46—Telescopic props with load-measuring devices; with alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D15/00—Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling material
- E21D15/50—Component parts or details of props
- E21D15/54—Details of the ends of props
- E21D15/55—Details of the ends of props of prop heads or feet
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a subway construction top supporting device, and belongs to the technical field of building construction. The plurality of supporting units comprise horizontal supporting parts and vault supporting parts, the number of the damping steel bars is multiple, the damping steel bars are uniformly distributed between the upper vault supporting parts and the lower vault supporting parts of the vault supporting parts in a splayed shape, the tops of the damping steel bars are hinged with the upper vault supporting parts, and the bottoms of the damping steel bars are in sliding connection with the lower vault supporting parts; the support column is the shock strut, is located between two adjacent shock attenuation steel bars that constitute the reverse splayed respectively, and the top of support column wears out and goes up vault supporting part and be located the top of vault supporting part, and the bottom of support column is fixed on vault supporting part down. The subway construction top supporting device can form an effective point-surface cooperative supporting system, is changed from a flexible supporting to a rigid supporting along with the change of top pressure, provides a stable supporting effect, and can timely give out early warning to remind constructors to evacuate in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of subway construction, in particular to a subway construction top supporting device.
Background
Along with the development of economic globalization and the acceleration of urban process, subway tunnel engineering becomes more and more a main direction of urban public transportation development, and subways not only enhance travel rapidness and save people's time, but also play a good role in promoting urban environment-friendly construction.
The subway construction method generally comprises an open excavation method and a hidden excavation method, wherein the open excavation method is a construction method that after the ground is excavated from top to bottom to set elevation, the foundation is constructed from bottom to top, a tunnel main body structure is completed, and finally, a foundation pit is backfilled or the ground is restored, the open excavation method has great influence on social environment, traffic blocking events are longer, construction noise is large, and vibration is obvious.
The underground excavation method is a tunnel construction method for excavating and building a lining structure in the ground without excavating the ground under specific conditions, and comprises a drilling and blasting method, a shield method, a pipe jacking method and the like, wherein the shield method is most widely applied.
The underground tunnel formed by the construction of the underground excavation method needs to be supported in time, and the top of the underground tunnel still needs to bear the load brought by the original ground building, so that the top needs to be effectively supported. The existing subway steel supports are all provided with a plurality of horizontal supporting steel pipes, so that stability of a subway tunnel can be ensured, collapse is prevented, but the whole supporting system is stressed after top pressure is applied to the existing subway steel supports, the stress requirement on the whole supporting structure is high, the simple rigid supporting energy consumption effect is poor, and the stress system of the supporting structure cannot be adjusted according to the top pressure condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provides a subway construction top supporting device.
The invention provides a subway construction top supporting device, which comprises a plurality of supporting units mutually assembled along the direction of a subway tunnel line, wherein each supporting unit comprises:
the horizontal supporting part is arranged parallel to the width direction of the subway tunnel line, and two ends of the horizontal supporting part are fixed on the side wall of the subway tunnel line;
the vault support part comprises an upper vault support part and a lower vault support part, the upper vault support part and the lower vault support part are arranged above the horizontal support part, the end parts of the vault support part are fixedly connected with the two ends of the horizontal support part, and a support diagonal rod is arranged between the horizontal support part and the lower vault support part;
the shock absorption steel bars are multiple in number and uniformly distributed between the upper vault supporting part and the lower vault supporting part in a splayed shape, the tops of the shock absorption steel bars are hinged with the upper vault supporting part, and the bottoms of the shock absorption steel bars are in sliding connection with the lower vault supporting part;
the support columns are a plurality of shock absorption columns and are respectively positioned between two adjacent shock absorption steel bars forming an inverted splayed shape, the tops of the support columns penetrate through the upper vault support parts and are positioned above the upper vault support parts, and the bottoms of the support columns are fixed on the lower vault support parts; when the support column is pressed down, the damping steel bars adjacent to the support column slide under pressure and tend to be vertical.
Preferably, the top of support column is equipped with the roof, and the bottom is equipped with the reinforcing plate, be equipped with on the reinforcing plate with shock attenuation bar external contour anastomotic opening, the opening inboard is equipped with the rubber pad.
Preferably, the support column comprises an upper support tube and a lower support column, the lower support column is sleeved in the upper support tube, a damping spring is further arranged between the upper support tube and the lower support column, warning lamps in one-to-one correspondence with the support columns are arranged at the bottom of the lower arch support portion, the reinforcing plate is arranged on the upper support tube, the lower support column is fixed on the lower arch support portion, and a push type switch for enabling the warning lamps to be started is arranged at the top of the lower support column.
Preferably, the horizontal supporting part comprises a first supporting plate, a sealing channel and a second supporting plate, wherein the sealing channel is arranged between the first supporting plate and the second supporting plate, a plunger element is further arranged between the first supporting plate and the sealing channel, and the plunger element is communicated with the sealing channel and used for adjusting the gas pressure in the sealing channel.
Preferably, a sealing sliding block is arranged in the sealing channel, the sealing sliding block is positioned at the end part close to the sealing channel, metal sheets which can be mutually contacted and conducted are also arranged between the end part of the sealing channel and the sealing sliding block, and the metal sheets are also respectively electrically connected with a power supply and an audible-visual alarm.
Preferably, a resistance spring is further arranged between the end part of the sealing channel and the sealing sliding block, and the resistance spring is positioned outside the metal sheet.
Preferably, the sealing sliding member comprises a fixing member and an elastic member arranged on the periphery of the fixing member, and the elastic member can be in sealing fit with the inner wall of the sealing channel.
Preferably, the elastic piece is an annular air bag, the air inlet end of the annular air bag is communicated with one side, far away from the resistance spring, of the sealing channel, and the air inlet end of the annular air bag is provided with a first one-way valve used for enabling air to enter the annular air bag.
Preferably, the sealing channel is provided with an air inlet and an exhaust valve, and the air inlet is provided with a sealing cover.
Preferably, the vent valve is a second one-way valve that allows gas to vent from the interior of the sealed passageway.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the support column has a damping effect, can realize rigid support after primary energy consumption, and when the top pressure is overlarge, the support column moves downwards while extruding the damping steel rod to move towards the vertical direction, at the moment, the support system at the stress part is changed from flexible support to rigid support to provide stable support force so as to resist larger local stress and avoid the stability of the support system from being damaged due to overlarge deformation.
The invention also designs a warning lamp for prompting the situation that the deformation of the vault supporting part is larger, if necessary, the warning part can be reinforced, in order to cope with the occurrence of more serious conditions, the invention also designs a sealing channel for storing air or oxygen, so that oxygen can be conveniently provided for the inside of a tunnel after collapse occurs, the life safety of people not evacuated is ensured, the sealing channel also carries a final warning system, when the first supporting plate is stressed and deformed, a plunger element moves downwards, the internal volume of the sealing channel is reduced, the pressure in the sealing channel is further influenced to be increased, a sealing sliding block moves towards the end part, and when the metal sheet at the end part of the sealing channel is contacted with the metal sheet on the sealing sliding block, an audible and visual alarm is used for warning, so that constructors are prompted to evacuate in time, and meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched air can be automatically released after the pressure in the sealing channel reaches a certain degree, so that life safety guarantee is provided for constructors who fail to evacuate in time;
the invention ensures the stability of the support through the support system of first points, then softness and then rigidity, simultaneously reduces the problem that the whole support system is damaged due to local pressure, and simultaneously is matched with a corresponding multi-stage early warning system, thereby ensuring the life safety of constructors in the hole.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a support unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a support device assembled by support units according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a support unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the positional relationship between the support column and the shock absorbing steel rod of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a support column according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the horizontal support portion of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the seal channel of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the reinforcing plate of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. horizontal support portion, 2, dome support portion, 21, upper dome support portion, 22, lower dome support portion, 3, shock absorbing steel bar, 4, support post, 41, top plate, 42, reinforcing plate, 43, notch, 45, upper support tube, 46, lower support post, 47, shock absorbing spring, 5, first support plate, 6, sealing channel, 7, second support plate, 8, support bar, 9, plunger element, 10, sealing slip block, 101, fixing element, 102, elastic element, 11, metal sheet, 12, audible and visual alarm, 13, warning lamp, 14, resistance spring.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-8, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the supporting device for the top of subway construction provided by the embodiment comprises a plurality of supporting units which are mutually assembled along the direction of a subway tunnel line, so that the supporting units can be additionally arranged in time according to the excavation progress of the tunnel line, timely support is realized, and two adjacent supporting units can be detachably connected in a conventional assembly mode, so that the assembly and the later dismantling are convenient; meanwhile, the mode of mutually assembling the supporting units is also beneficial to the operations of reinforcing and supporting the position where partial pressure is overlarge or the operations of replacing and maintaining the supporting units which are in deformation failure and the like. Each supporting unit in this embodiment includes: the horizontal supporting part 1 is arranged parallel to the width direction of the subway tunnel line, and two ends of the horizontal supporting part are fixed on the side wall of the subway tunnel line; the device mainly aims at providing a horizontal supporting function and is fixedly connected with two side walls of a subway tunnel as a supporting main body;
the vault support part 2 comprises an upper vault support part 21 and a lower vault support part 22, wherein the upper vault support part 21 and the lower vault support part 22 are arranged above the horizontal support part 1, the end parts of the upper vault support part 21 and the lower vault support part 22 are fixedly connected with the two ends of the horizontal support part 1, the upper vault support part 21 and the lower vault support part 22 are arched support plates, a plurality of vertical through holes are uniformly distributed on the upper vault support part 21, and a support diagonal rod 8 is further arranged between the horizontal support part 1 and the lower vault support part 22; preferably, the number of the supporting diagonal rods 8 can be multiple, so that a V-shaped supporting system is formed between the supporting diagonal rods, and the stability of the whole supporting system can be improved. The design of the support diagonal 8 can be determined according to the overall stress situation of the support system.
The number of the shock absorption steel bars 3 is multiple, the shock absorption steel bars are uniformly distributed between the upper vault support part 21 and the lower vault support part 22 in a splayed shape, the top of each shock absorption steel bar 3 is hinged with the upper vault support part 21, and the bottom of each shock absorption steel bar 3 is in sliding connection with the lower vault support part 22; the sliding connection mode can adopt the mode of T type groove and T type slider sliding connection, specifically the bottom and the slider connection of shock attenuation steel bar 3, the slip direction is in great level with the bottom interval of two shock attenuation steel bars 3 that make up the splayed adjacently under the free state of shock attenuation steel bar 3, after receiving external force, the bottom interval of two shock attenuation steel bars 3 that make up the splayed reduces for two shock attenuation steel bars 3 are close to each other and tend to by the conversion of shock attenuation effect to rigid support of whole shock attenuation steel bar 3, prepare for resisting bigger pressure, better assurance whole braced system is not destroyed.
The number of the support columns 4 is a plurality, the tops of the support columns 4 penetrate through the upper vault support parts 21 and are positioned above the upper vault support parts 21, and the bottoms of the support columns 4 are fixed on the lower vault support parts 22; the tops of the support columns 4 penetrate through the vertical through holes of the upper vault support part 21 and are uniformly distributed above the upper vault support part 21, so that a multi-point support system above the upper vault support part 21 is formed; as a preferable mode, a top cover plate for increasing the contact area between the top of the support column 4 and the top of the subway tunnel can be arranged at the top of the support column 4, and the effective support of the top is realized by adopting a uniformly distributed multi-point support mode;
meanwhile, in the embodiment, each support column 4 is respectively positioned between two adjacent shock absorption steel bars 3 forming an inverted splayed shape, and the support columns 4 are of structures with large upper part size and small lower part size, and can be adjusted in a certain height along with the increase of top pressure in the vertical direction, so that the large upper part size part moves downwards, and the shock absorption steel bars 3 positioned at two sides are extruded through the increased part; when the support column 4 is pressed down, the damping steel bars 3 adjacent to the support column are pressed and slide and tend to be vertical. The support column 4 is a shock-absorbing column, preferably damped, which not only has a certain cushioning effect below a small top pressure, but also can be gradually converted into a rigid support after the top pressure becomes large.
The supporting unit of the embodiment forms a basic supporting system through the horizontal supporting part 1 and the vault supporting part 2, meanwhile, the upper vault supporting part 21 and the lower vault supporting part 22 of the vault supporting part 2 are provided with the shock absorption steel bars 3 and the supporting columns 4 with adjustable heights, the shock absorption steel bars 3 are arranged between the upper vault supporting part 21 and the lower vault supporting part 22 in a splayed shape and are used for resisting the pressure applied to the upper vault supporting part 21 by the top of a subway tunnel, the upper vault supporting part 21 is a supporting plate, the upper vault supporting part 21 is resisted by the shock absorption steel bars 3 to bear the load, and the shock absorption steel plates 3 have a certain shock absorption effect, so that the direct contact between the supporting system and the top load is avoided, and the stability of the supporting system is improved;
in this embodiment, the support columns 4 are arranged in multiple points, so that a uniformly arranged multiple-point support system is formed above the upper dome support parts 21, and is used as a first defense line of the whole support system, so as to resist relatively small top pressure, and the top parts of the support columns 4 are higher than the upper dome support parts 21, so that the point support system formed by the support columns 4 is the first defense line; when the support column 4 moves down between the upper dome support portion 21 and the lower dome support portion 22 with the increase of the top pressure and the lower movement limit position of the support column 4 is flush with the upper surface of the upper dome support portion 21, a second line of defense is started after the support column 4 moves down to the limit position, namely a surface support system consisting of the support column 4, the shock absorbing steel rod 3 and the upper dome support portion 21. And the horizontal support portion 1, the lower dome support portion 22 and the support diagonal bar 8 between the horizontal support portion 1 and the lower dome support portion 22 constitute a third line of defense. And in the process of converting the first line of defense into the second line of defense, the support column 4 moves downwards, so that the shock absorption steel rod 3 tends to be in a rigid structure, and meanwhile, the support column 4 also tends to be in rigidity when moving to the limit position, so that the process of converting the first line of defense into the second line of defense is also a process of converting the flexible support into the rigid support. The upgrade through supporting the line of defense accompanies the upgrade of supporting strength, realize consuming energy step by step, the mode of reinforcing protection step by step makes whole supporting system can be according to the load difference that bears, form the supporting structure that the point face behind the preceding point is coordinated, can avoid local stress to the destruction of whole supporting system, the support column of this embodiment and shock attenuation steel bar all have the cushioning effect simultaneously, can realize rigid support after preliminary power consumption, move down the simultaneous extrusion shock attenuation steel bar when the back support column of top pressure is too big, the supporting system at stress position is changed to rigid support by flexible support this moment, provide stable holding power, with resistance great local stress, avoid causing the stability of supporting system to receive the destruction because of the deformation is too big.
As shown in fig. 8, in a preferred manner, the top of the supporting column 4 in this embodiment is provided with a top plate 41, the bottom is provided with a reinforcing plate 42, the reinforcing plate 42 may be a trapezoid plate, a triangle plate or a conical plate, a notch 43 matching with the outer contour of the shock absorbing steel rod 3 is provided on the reinforcing plate 42, and a rubber pad is provided inside the notch 43. The design of opening 43 is in order to make shock attenuation steel bar 3 be located opening 43, realizes the contact often of shock attenuation steel bar 3 and reinforcing plate 42, and the rubber pad not only can avoid the wearing and tearing of opening 43 to shock attenuation steel bar 3 at the in-process that support column 4 descends, and the rubber pad can also increase the frictional force of opening 43 to shock attenuation steel bar 3 simultaneously, reduces the downmovement speed of support column 4.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in the support system of example 1, the support level and the support strength are adjusted according to the top load, but the support system is not known to the workers at the construction site, and the reinforcement support and the focus on the part with large local stress cannot be performed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the support column 4 includes an upper support tube 45 and a lower support column 46, the lower support column 46 is sleeved in the upper support tube 45, a damping spring 47 is further disposed between the upper support tube 45 and the lower support column 46, the bottom of the lower dome support portion 22 is provided with warning lamps 13 corresponding to the support columns 4 one by one, and a touch switch for turning on the warning lamps 13 is disposed at the bottom of the lower support column 46.
In this embodiment, the design of the warning lamps 13 may be in one-to-one correspondence with the support columns 4, when the upper support tube 45 of a certain position of the support column 4 descends to contact with the top of the lower support column 46, the corresponding start switch of the warning lamps 13 will be triggered, the warning lamps 13 will be turned on, and the constructor can determine the top stress condition of the position according to the lighting position and the lighting quantity of the warning lamps 13 and evaluate whether to strengthen the position.
Example 3
On the basis of the above embodiment, in order to remind constructors to evacuate in time before the third line of defense is out of control and reserve personnel evacuation time, avoid personnel safety problem because of the collapse, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the horizontal support part 1 of this embodiment includes a first backup pad 5, a sealing channel 6 and a second backup pad 7, the sealing channel 6 is located between the first backup pad 5 and the second backup pad 7, still be equipped with plunger piece 9 between the first backup pad 5 and the sealing channel 6, plunger piece 9 and sealing channel 6 intercommunication are used for adjusting the gas pressure in the sealing channel 6. The sealing channel 6 is internally provided with a sealing sliding block 10, the sealing sliding block 10 is positioned at the end part close to the sealing channel 6, metal sheets 11 which can be mutually contacted and conducted are also arranged between the end part of the sealing channel 6 and the sealing sliding block 10, and the metal sheets 11 are also respectively electrically connected with a power supply and an audible-visual annunciator 12.
In this embodiment, after the top load cannot be resisted by the current three defense lines, the upper support system and the top pressure are applied to the first support plate 5, the first support plate 5 transmits the pressure to the plunger element 9, the specific structure of the plunger element 9 comprises a pipe column communicated with the sealing channel 6, a sealing plunger is arranged in the pipe column, a connecting column is arranged at the top of the plunger, one end of the connecting column is connected with the top of the sealing plunger, and the top of the connecting column is connected with the first support plate 5; therefore, when the first supporting plate 5 is pressed, the plunger is pressed down under the action of the connecting column, so that the gas amount in the sealing channel 6 is increased, the internal gas pressure is increased, and the sealing channel 6 forms movable supporting strength; and the second supporting plate 7 can provide a certain supporting space for the evacuation of constructors as the last line of defense, thereby facilitating the evacuation of the constructors.
As another preferable mode, the sealing sliding block 10 is arranged in the sealing channel 6 to slide, when the metal sheet 11 arranged on the sealing sliding block 10 is conducted with the metal sheet 11 arranged at the end part of the sealing channel 6, the power supply is connected, meanwhile, the audible and visual alarm 12 is used as the final reminding of the time of crisis, the workers under construction can be reminded in advance to evacuate in time, and the life safety of the constructors is ensured.
The seal passage 6 has a sufficient wall thickness, so that not only the support strength of the seal passage 6 can be ensured, but also the problem that the seal slide 10 cannot slide smoothly to the end due to deformation of the passage wall can be avoided.
In a preferred manner, in order to avoid false alarm caused by the rapid sliding of the sealing sliding block 10 to the end of the sealing channel 6 after the instant large impact, a resistance spring 14 is further disposed between the end of the sealing channel 6 and the sealing sliding block 10 in this embodiment, and the resistance spring 14 is located outside the metal sheet 11. The resistance spring 14 has the function of enabling the sealing sliding block 10 to bear certain resistance, and avoiding false alarms caused by instant stress. Meanwhile, the resistance of the resistance spring 14 can be regulated and controlled according to the pressure condition of the sealing channel 6, and in practical application, after the pressure 6 of the sealing channel is increased to a certain range, the sealing sliding block 10 can overcome the resistance of the resistance spring 14 to realize the conduction of the two metal sheets 11, and the audible and visual alarm 12 is started.
As another preferred mode, since the sealing channel 6 may be deformed by extrusion after the upper supporting system is damaged, the sealing sliding block 10 cannot reach the end of the sealing channel 6 smoothly to activate the audible and visual annunciator 12, and therefore, the sealing sliding block 10 in this embodiment includes a fixing member 101 and an elastic member 102 disposed at the outer periphery of the fixing member 101, and the elastic member 102 can be in sealing fit with the inner wall of the sealing channel 6. The elastic member 102 can adapt to certain deformation, the elastic member 102 can be a sealing ring which is made of elastic materials such as a rubber ring, a silica gel ring and the like, can generate certain deformation and can ensure tightness, the connection mode of the sealing ring and the fixing member 101 can be a sticking mode, a clamping mode and the like, and the fixing member of the embodiment has certain supporting capability and is used for installing the metal sheet 11 and the resistance spring 14.
As another preferred way, the elastic member 102 in the above embodiment is an annular air bag, the air inlet end of which is communicated with the side of the sealing channel 6 away from the resistance spring 12, and the air inlet end of which is provided with a first one-way valve for allowing air to enter the interior of the annular air bag. The elastic component 102 is that the annular gasbag warp the ability stronger for materials such as rubber seal, and the sealed passageway 6 of adaptation different degree that can be better warp, and adaptability is better, and the annular gasbag can utilize the inside gas pressure of gas passageway, automatic air supplementing to realize better sealed effect, pressure in sealed passageway 6 increases to certain pressure value after first check valve open, make the gas admission annular gasbag carry out the air supplementing, make annular gasbag can keep sealed with sealed passageway 6 often, and be adapted to the casing deformation of various sealed passageway 6, be equipped with air inlet and discharge valve on the sealed passageway 6 of preferred mode, air inlet department is equipped with sealed lid. The exhaust valve is a second one-way valve allowing gas to escape from the interior of the sealed passageway 6. At the same time, an exhaust port for being opened manually in an emergency state can be arranged on the sealing channel 6, and the gas in the sealing channel 6 is air or oxygen in a preferable mode, so that oxygen for maintaining vital signs is provided for people trapped at the construction position after collapse accidents occur, and rescue is waited.
The support column has a damping effect, can realize rigid support after primary energy consumption, and when the top pressure is overlarge, the support column moves downwards while extruding the damping steel rod to move towards the vertical direction, at the moment, the support system at the stress part is changed from flexible support to rigid support to provide stable support force so as to resist larger local stress and avoid the stability of the support system from being damaged due to overlarge deformation.
The invention also designs a warning lamp for prompting the situation that the deformation of the vault supporting part is larger, if necessary, the warning part can be reinforced, in order to cope with the occurrence of more serious conditions, the invention also designs a sealing channel for storing air or oxygen, so that oxygen can be conveniently provided for the inside of a tunnel after collapse occurs, the life safety of people not evacuated is ensured, the sealing channel also carries a final warning system, when the first supporting plate is stressed and deformed, a plunger element moves downwards, the internal volume of the sealing channel is reduced, the pressure in the sealing channel is further influenced to be increased, a sealing sliding block moves towards the end part, and when the metal sheet at the end part of the sealing channel is contacted with the metal sheet on the sealing sliding block, an audible and visual alarm is used for warning, so that constructors are prompted to evacuate in time, and meanwhile, the oxygen-enriched air can be automatically released after the pressure in the sealing channel reaches a certain degree, so that life safety guarantee is provided for constructors who fail to evacuate in time;
the invention ensures the stability of the support through the support system of first points, then softness and then rigidity, simultaneously reduces the problem that the whole support system is damaged due to local pressure, and simultaneously is matched with a corresponding multi-stage early warning system, thereby ensuring the life safety of constructors in the hole.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a subway construction top strutting arrangement, its characterized in that includes a plurality of supporting elements of assembling each other along subway hole line direction, and each supporting element all includes:
the horizontal supporting part (1) is arranged parallel to the width direction of the subway tunnel line, and two ends of the horizontal supporting part are fixed on the side wall of the subway tunnel line;
the vault support part (2) comprises an upper vault support part (21) and a lower vault support part (22), wherein the upper vault support part (21) and the lower vault support part (22) are arranged above the horizontal support part (1), the end parts of the vault support part are fixedly connected with the two ends of the horizontal support part (1), and a support diagonal rod (8) is further arranged between the horizontal support part (1) and the lower vault support part (22);
the number of the damping steel bars (3) is multiple, the damping steel bars are uniformly distributed between the upper vault support part (21) and the lower vault support part (22) in a splayed shape, the top of each damping steel bar (3) is hinged with the upper vault support part (21), and the bottom of each damping steel bar (3) is in sliding connection with the lower vault support part (22);
the number of the support columns (4) is a plurality of damping columns, the damping columns are respectively positioned between two adjacent damping steel bars (3) forming an inverted splayed shape, the tops of the support columns (4) penetrate through the upper vault support parts (21) and are positioned above the upper vault support parts (21), and the bottoms of the support columns (4) are fixed on the lower vault support parts (22); when the support column (4) is pressed down, the damping steel bars (3) adjacent to the support column (4) slide under pressure and tend to be vertical.
2. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 1, wherein the top of the supporting column (4) is provided with a top plate (41), the bottom of the supporting column is provided with a reinforcing plate (42), the reinforcing plate (42) is provided with a notch (43) which is matched with the outer contour of the shock absorption steel rod (3), and the inner side of the notch (43) is provided with a rubber pad.
3. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 2, wherein the supporting column (4) comprises an upper supporting tube (45) and a lower supporting column (46), the lower supporting column (46) is sleeved in the upper supporting tube (45), a damping spring (47) is further arranged between the upper supporting tube (45) and the lower supporting column (46), warning lamps (13) in one-to-one correspondence with the supporting column (4) are arranged at the bottom of the lower dome supporting portion (22), the reinforcing plate (42) is arranged on the upper supporting tube (45), the lower supporting column (46) is fixed on the lower dome supporting portion (22), and a pressing switch for enabling the warning lamps (13) to be started is arranged at the top of the lower supporting column (46).
4. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal supporting portion (1) comprises a first supporting plate (5), a sealing channel (6) and a second supporting plate (7), the sealing channel (6) is arranged between the first supporting plate (5) and the second supporting plate (7), a plunger element (9) is further arranged between the first supporting plate (5) and the sealing channel (6), and the plunger element (9) is communicated with the sealing channel (6) and used for adjusting gas pressure in the sealing channel (6).
5. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 4, wherein a sealing sliding block (10) is arranged in the sealing channel (6), the sealing sliding block (10) is located at the end part close to the sealing channel (6), metal sheets (11) which can be in contact conduction with each other are arranged between the end part of the sealing channel (6) and the sealing sliding block (10), and the metal sheets (11) are electrically connected with a power supply and an audible and visual alarm (12) respectively.
6. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 5, wherein a resistance spring (14) is further provided between the end of the sealing passage (6) and the sealing slip (10), and the resistance spring (14) is located outside the metal sheet (11).
7. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 6, wherein the sealing sliding block (10) comprises a fixing piece (101) and an elastic piece (102) arranged on the periphery of the fixing piece (101), and the elastic piece (102) can be in sealing fit with the inner wall of the sealing channel (6).
8. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 7, wherein the elastic member (102) is an annular air bag, an air inlet end of the annular air bag is communicated with one side of the sealing passage (6) away from the resistance spring (14), and a first one-way valve for enabling air to enter the annular air bag is arranged at the air inlet end of the annular air bag.
9. The subway construction top supporting device according to claim 5, wherein the sealing channel (6) is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the air inlet is provided with a sealing cover.
10. A subway construction roof supporting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the exhaust valve is a second one-way valve allowing gas to be exhausted from inside the sealing passage (6).
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