CN115399474B - Processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet - Google Patents
Processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet Download PDFInfo
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- CN115399474B CN115399474B CN202211056549.3A CN202211056549A CN115399474B CN 115399474 B CN115399474 B CN 115399474B CN 202211056549 A CN202211056549 A CN 202211056549A CN 115399474 B CN115399474 B CN 115399474B
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
- A23P10/20—Agglomerating; Granulating; Tabletting
- A23P10/28—Tabletting; Making food bars by compression of a dry powdered mixture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablets, which comprises the following steps: drying the freshly harvested moringa leaves to a water content of 40-50 wt% by a reheat pump after branch and leaf separation and cleaning, crushing to obtain powder, tabletting the powder while the powder is hot, and baking; the tabletting process comprises pre-pressing and pressurizing; the pre-pressing process is kept for 1-3 s under the condition of 0.1-0.2 kN, and the pressurizing process is kept for 3-5 s after being pressurized to 0.5-1.2 kN. The moringa leaf raw powder tablet is dried to a specific humidity at a low temperature under the condition of no addition of excipients and adhesives, and is hot pressed while the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is hot, so that the prepared moringa leaf raw powder tablet is good in appearance, not easy to damage, high in forming degree and free from difference in color and luster with moringa leaf powder. The baking process can effectively solve the problem of easy breakage of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet, and has good effect. The moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet can ensure that the purity of moringa oleifera leaves is 100%, can exert the health care value of moringa oleifera leaves greatly, and can meet market demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablets.
Background
The moringa She Fuhan contains 7 times of vitamin C, 3 times of iron and 4 times of spinach, 4 times of vitamin A and 4 times of calcium and milk, 3 times of potassium and 2 times of protein and yoghourt, and the moringa leaves have been researched and reported to have great health care effects on treating diabetes, resisting cancer, resisting inflammation, resisting oxidization, protecting liver, reducing blood fat and reducing blood pressure at present. Currently, there are many techniques for processing moringa leaves into a variety of product forms. The method for processing the moringa leaves into tablets mainly comprises the following steps: crushing raw materials, blending, mixing, bonding, tabletting and drying. In the prior art, the moringa leaves are prepared into tablets by adding excipients, binders and the like to be adhered and tableted, such as corn starch, blend oil and the like. However, the purity of the finished product can be reduced due to the addition of other auxiliary agents in the production of the original moringa oleifera leaf powder tablet, and the market demand can not be met. Meanwhile, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is not easy to form under the condition that no auxiliary agent is added, and is easy to crush after tabletting, and the integrity is not high. Therefore, the improvement of the processing technology of the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is particularly necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of easy crushing and low integrity of the moringa oleifera leaf powder tablet without adding auxiliary agents in the prior art, and provides a processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
drying the freshly harvested moringa leaves to a water content of 40-50 wt% by a reheat pump after branch and leaf separation and cleaning, crushing to obtain powder, tabletting the powder while the powder is hot, and baking; the tabletting process comprises pre-pressing and pressurizing; the pre-pressing process is kept for 1-3 s under the condition of 0.1-0.2 kN, and the pressurizing process is kept for 3-5 s after being pressurized to 0.5-1.2 kN.
Further, the moringa leaves are crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
Further, the heat pump drying process is that the heat pump is dried for 35 to 42 hours at the temperature of 40 to 50 ℃.
Further, in the hot pressing process, the temperature of the powder is 70-80 ℃.
Further, the baking process comprises the following steps: baking at 80-95 deg.C and low humidity for 40-60 min, naturally cooling, and baking again at 100-120 deg.C for 40-60 min.
Further, the baking process comprises the following steps: baking at 80-95 deg.C and low humidity for 40-60 min, naturally cooling, and baking again at-95 KPa and 100 deg.C for 55min. More preferably, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of the air in the baking machine is 15-20%. The low vacuum refers to the vacuum degree in the baking machine being-100 KPa to-75 KPa.
Further, the thickness of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is 0.3-0.6 cm.
Further, in the baking process, the pressed moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are placed in a baking tray and then are placed in a baking machine for baking; the baking tray is uniformly provided with a placing groove for accommodating single tablets; the bottom of the placing groove is hollowed out.
The invention also aims at protecting a baking machine for the processing method of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder slice, which comprises a machine body and a machine cover arranged on the machine body, wherein a heating plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the machine body; the machine body is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, the outside of the steam inlet is connected with the atomizer, and the outside of the steam outlet is connected with the vacuum pump; a baking tray is rotatably arranged in the machine body.
Further, a rotatable rotating shaft is transversely arranged in the machine body, and the rotating shaft is connected with a driving motor; a plurality of baking trays are arranged on the rotating shaft; the baking trays are uniformly provided with placing grooves for accommodating single tablets; the bottom of the placing groove is hollowed out; the baking tray is provided with a net cover on one side of the notch of the placing groove in a matched mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The moringa leaf raw powder tablet is dried to a specific humidity at a low temperature under the condition of no addition of excipients and adhesives, and is hot pressed while the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is still in shape, is not easy to damage, has high forming degree and is not different from moringa leaf powder in color. The applicant has found through multiple experiments that only when the hot pressed tablet is still hot, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder can be pressed into tablets, and the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder is cooled and then pressed into tablets, and still loose and cannot be formed after being pressed into tablets.
(2) The moringa She Hui has bitter and astringent taste and pungent taste, and has poor taste when directly drunk. Aiming at the problem, the bitter taste of the moringa leaves is generally removed by adding a flavoring agent or adopting physical means such as microwave treatment in the prior art, the product cannot meet the zero addition standard by adding the flavoring agent, the moringa leaves can be heated by adopting physical treatment methods such as microwave treatment, the movement of water molecules is accelerated, the structure of the moringa leaves is easy to break, and the original powder of the moringa leaves is easy to break. Under the condition that no other components are added in the original moringa oleifera leaf powder tablet, after the moringa oleifera leaves subjected to tabletting are subjected to two-stage baking treatment, the taste of the moringa oleifera leaves can be improved, and experiments show that the bitter and astringent taste of the moringa oleifera leaves can be removed by baking at 100-120 ℃ for 40-60 min, and the prepared moringa oleifera leaves have good taste. The prepared moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is light green, yellowish green or green in color, keeps the due smell of the moringa oleifera leaf powder, has no peculiar smell, has the special taste of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet, is complete in appearance, uniform in size and thickness, firm, not loose and has no impurities when observed by naked eyes.
(3) After the original moringa powder tablet is tableted, the moisture of the original moringa powder tablet is higher and cannot meet the packaging and storage requirements, but the original moringa powder tablet is baked for 40-60 min under the conditions of 80-95 ℃ and low humidity, and is baked for 40-60 min under the conditions of low vacuum and 100-120 ℃ after natural cooling, the bitter taste of the moringa leaves can be removed under the process conditions, the original moringa powder tablet is placed in a baking tray which is uniformly provided with a placing groove for accommodating a single tablet during baking, the moisture is uniformly and slowly transferred from the outside of the moringa She Nabu under the conditions of 80-95 ℃ and low humidity (the relative humidity of air is 15% -20%), and the moisture is separated from the two side edges of the moringa leaves, so that the problem of extremely easy breakage caused by large difference of internal and external moisture gradients and too fast moisture flow in the baking process of the moringa leaves can be effectively avoided. The temperature is adjusted to 100-120 ℃ after the primary baking and cooling, the primary baking and cooling is carried out for 40-60 min under the condition of low vacuum (the vacuum degree is minus 100 to minus 75 KPa), the raw moringa powder flakes can be completely dehydrated under the low vacuum, and a hard surface layer is formed on the surface of the raw moringa powder flakes under the high temperature, so that the problem of easy mechanical breakage in the packaging and storage process can be effectively prevented. The drying process can effectively solve the problem that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet after tabletting and shaping is easy to break in the processes of subsequent packaging, transportation and the like, and has good effect. The applicant researches further find that in the second-stage drying process, the effect of removing bitter taste is better, the preservation rate of heat-sensitive substances such as organic selenium is highest, meanwhile, the formability of the moringa oleifera raw powder sheet can be ensured, and the moringa oleifera raw powder sheet is not easy to break, and is the optimal baking process parameter in the application under the condition.
(4) The moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet can ensure that the purity of moringa oleifera leaves is 100%, can exert the health care value of moringa oleifera leaves greatly, and can meet market demands.
(5) The baking machine can adjust the humidity and the vacuum degree in the baking machine, can rotate the baking disc, is particularly suitable for baking the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet, and is not limited to baking the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet, but also can be used for baking other raw material tablets.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a baking machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a baking tray and a net cover structure of the baking machine;
in the figure, 1-organism, 2-lid, 3-baking dish, 4-hot plate, 5-steam inlet, 6-steam outlet, 7-standing groove, 8-net lid, 9-plug-in components, 10-fastener.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and experiments.
Example 1
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃, wherein the tabletting process is that prepressing is performed firstly and then pressurizing is performed, the prepressing process is that the prepressing is performed for 1s under 0.2kN, and the pressurizing process is performed for 3s after the pressurizing is performed to 1.2 kN; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60min at 80 ℃ and low humidity after tabletting, and is baked for 60min again at 100 ℃ under low vacuum after natural cooling. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 15 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-100 KPa.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, a baking machine is used, which includes a machine body 1 and a cover 2 provided on the machine body 1, wherein a heating plate 4 is provided on an inner side wall of the machine body 1; the machine body 1 is provided with a steam inlet 5 and a steam outlet 6, the outside of the steam inlet 5 is connected with an atomizer, and the outside of the steam outlet 6 is connected with a vacuum pump; a baking tray 3 is rotatably provided in the body 1. A rotatable rotating shaft is transversely arranged in the machine body 1 and is connected with a driving motor; a plurality of baking trays 3 are arranged on the rotating shaft; specifically, a plurality of baking tray 3 one end is equipped with plug-in components 9, is provided with the draw-in groove in the pivot corresponding position, plug-in components 9 mateable insert in the draw-in groove, in order to realize baking tray 3 with organism 1 can dismantle the connection. A plurality of baking trays 3 are uniformly provided with a placing groove 7 for accommodating single tablets; the bottom of the placing groove 7 is hollowed out; the baking tray 3 is provided with a net cover 8 matched with one side of the notch of the placing groove 7, the net cover 8 is provided with a fastener 10, and the net cover 8 can be detachably buckled on the baking tray 3 through the fastener 10.
When in baking, the pressed moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are placed in a baking tray 3, covered with a net cover 8, then placed in a baking machine for baking, the environmental conditions in the machine body 1 are adjusted, the vacuum degree is not adjusted, only the humidity is adjusted, primary baking is carried out at 80 ℃ for 60min, the baking machine is opened after the primary baking is finished, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are naturally cooled to the room temperature, the humidity in the machine body 1 is not adjusted, and the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are obtained after the vacuum degree in the machine body 1 is adjusted, and are baked again at 100 ℃ for 60min. During baking, the baking tray 3 continuously rotates in the machine body 1, so that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces on the baking tray are sufficiently and uniformly baked.
Example 2
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa oleifera leaves, cleaning, drying with a heat pump at 40 ℃ for 42h until the water content is 40wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve, tabletting the moringa oleifera leaf powder while hot at 80 ℃, pre-pressing and pressurizing, wherein the pre-pressing process is that the moringa oleifera leaf powder is kept for 3s at 0.1kN, and the moringa oleifera leaf powder is kept for 5s after being pressurized to 0.5 kN; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.3cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 40min at 95 ℃ and low humidity after tabletting, and is baked for 40min again at 120 ℃ under low vacuum after natural cooling. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 20 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is 75KPa below zero.
In this embodiment, the structure of the baking machine used is described in example 1.
When in baking, the pressed moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are placed in a baking tray 3, covered with a net cover 8, then placed in a baking machine for baking, the environmental conditions in the machine body 1 are adjusted, the vacuum degree is not adjusted, only the humidity is adjusted, primary baking is carried out at 95 ℃ for 40min, the baking machine is opened after the primary baking is finished, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are naturally cooled to the room temperature, the humidity in the machine body 1 is not adjusted, the vacuum degree in the machine body 1 is adjusted, and the machine body is baked again at 120 ℃ for 40min, so that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are obtained. During baking, the baking tray 3 continuously rotates in the machine body 1, so that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces on the baking tray are sufficiently and uniformly baked.
Example 3
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying the leaves for 40 hours at 45 ℃ by a heat pump until the water content is 45wt%, crushing the leaves to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder at 75 ℃ while the leaves are hot, wherein the tabletting process is that the moringa leaves are pre-pressed firstly and then pressurized, the pre-pressing process is that the moringa leaves are kept at 0.15kN for 2 seconds, and the pressurizing process is that the moringa leaves are pressurized to 1.0kN and then kept for 4 seconds; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.5cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 50min at 90 ℃ and low humidity after tabletting, and is baked for 50min again at 110 ℃ under low vacuum after natural cooling. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 18 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-85 KPa.
In this embodiment, the structure of the baking machine used is described in example 1.
When in baking, the pressed moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are placed in a baking tray 3, then covered with a net cover 8, then placed in a baking machine for baking, the environmental conditions in the machine body 1 are adjusted, the vacuum degree is not adjusted, only the humidity is adjusted, primary baking is carried out at 90 ℃ for 50min, the baking machine is opened after the primary baking is finished, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are naturally cooled to room temperature, the humidity in the machine body 1 is not adjusted, the vacuum degree in the machine body 1 is adjusted, and the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are baked again at 110 ℃ for 50min, so that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces are obtained. During baking, the baking tray 3 continuously rotates in the machine body 1, so that the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder pieces on the baking tray are sufficiently and uniformly baked.
To illustrate the technical effect of the present invention, the following control group was set:
control group 1
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
drying fresh harvested moringa leaves by a heat pump at 40 ℃ for 42h after branch and leaf separation and cleaning until the water content is 40wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder with a 200-mesh sieve, cooling the moringa leaf powder to room temperature, tabletting, wherein the tabletting process is that pre-pressing is performed firstly and then pressurizing is performed, the pre-pressing process is that the moringa leaves are kept for 1s under 0.2kN, and the pressurizing process is that the moringa leaves are kept for 3s after being pressurized to 1.2 kN; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60min at 80 ℃ and low humidity after tabletting, and is baked for 60min again at 100 ℃ under low vacuum after natural cooling. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 15 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-100 KPa.
In this embodiment, the structure of the baking machine used is described in example 1. The baking process was the same as in example 1.
Control group 2
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
the fresh and harvested moringa leaves are subjected to branch and leaf separation and cleaning, and then dried by a heat pump at 45 ℃ until the water content is 10wt% (namely, the water content of the finished moringa leaf raw powder tablet) and crushed to obtain powder, the powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, the moringa leaf powder is kept hot at 75 ℃, the pre-pressing process is that the moringa leaf powder is pre-pressed and then pressurized, the pre-pressing process is that the moringa leaf powder is kept at 0.2kN for 1s, and the pressurizing process is that the moringa leaf powder is pressurized to 1.2kN and then kept for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm.
Control group 3
The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 3 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the moringa oleifera leaves of the control group 3 are crushed and then sieved by a 300-mesh sieve.
Control group 4
The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 4 is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the moringa oleifera leaves of the control group 4 are crushed and then sieved by a 150-mesh sieve.
Control group 5
The preparation method of the moringa leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 5 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the control group 5 only adopts microwave drying of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet, the microwave power of the microwave drying is 1KW, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 15min.
Control group 6
The preparation method of the moringa leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 6 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, wherein the control group 6 is characterized in that the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is dried by hot air, and the hot air is dried by hot air at 80 ℃ for 6 hours.
Control group 7
The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 7 comprises the following steps: separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the humidity and the vacuum degree are not regulated, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes at 80 ℃ after being pressed, and the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes at 100 ℃ after being naturally cooled. The baking machine used was the same as in example 1.
Control group 8
The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 8 comprises the following steps: separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the humidity and the vacuum degree are not regulated, and the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 120min at 80 ℃ after being pressed into tablets. The baking machine used was the same as in example 1.
Control group 9
The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet of the control group 9 comprises the following steps: separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the humidity and the vacuum degree are not regulated, and the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 80 minutes at 110 ℃ after being pressed into tablets. The baking machine used was the same as in example 1.
Control group 10
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes at 100 ℃ under the vacuum degree of 100KPa after tabletting, and is baked for 60 minutes under the low humidity condition that the relative humidity of air in a baking machine is 15% at 80 ℃ after natural cooling. The baking machine used was the same as in example 1.
Control group 11
Separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60min at 80 ℃ and low humidity after tabletting, and is baked for 60min again at 85 ℃ under low vacuum after natural cooling. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 15 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-100 KPa.
Control group 12
A processing method of selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet comprises the following steps:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes at 80 ℃ and low humidity after being pressed, and the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes again at 90 ℃ under low vacuum after being naturally cooled. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 15 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-100 KPa.
Control group 13
Separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa leaves, cleaning, drying by a heat pump at 50 ℃ for 35 hours until the water content is 50wt%, crushing to obtain powder, sieving the powder by a 200-mesh sieve, and tabletting the moringa leaves powder while hot at 70 ℃ for 1s under 0.2kN, and pressing to 1.2kN and then keeping for 3s; the thickness of the pressed moringa leaf raw powder tablet is 0.6cm, the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes at 80 ℃ and low humidity after being pressed, and the moringa leaf raw powder tablet is baked for 60 minutes again at 95 ℃ under low vacuum after being naturally cooled. Wherein, the low humidity condition means that the relative humidity of air in the baking machine is 15 percent, and the low vacuum means that the vacuum degree in the baking machine is-100 KPa.
Experimental detection
1. Sensory evaluation: 10 food sensory evaluation professionals are selected, the color and smell of the moringa oleifera raw powder tablets of each embodiment and each control group are evaluated according to the color and smell sensory requirements in LS/T3268-2020 moringa oleifera leaf powder, and the sensory evaluation of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablets of each embodiment and each control group is performed according to the appearance, taste and impurity requirements in Q/MET-0035S-2020 moringa oleifera leaf pressed candy. Specific sensory requirements are referred to table 1 and the results are given in table 2 below.
TABLE 1 sensory requirements of Moringa leaf raw powder tablet
TABLE 2
As is clear from comparison of example 1 in Table 2 with control 1, the crushed product was not hot-pressed, and the product had no effect on color, smell, taste and impurities, but the product was not flaked or loosened during the pressing. As is clear from the comparison of example 1 with control group 2, the moringa leaves were dried to a water content required for the final product and then compressed, and the moringa leaves were not formed into tablets and were easily loosened during compression. As can be seen from the comparison of example 1 with control group 3 and control group 4, the fineness of the moringa leaves also has an effect on tabletting, too coarse or too fine powder has poor molding effect on the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet. As is clear from the comparison between the control group 5 and the control group 6 in example 1, the moisture of the moringa oleifera leaf raw meal pieces could be reduced by other drying methods, but the moringa oleifera leaf raw meal pieces were easily broken. Compared with the control groups 7-10, the embodiment 1 shows that different process parameters have certain influence on the color, taste and smell of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet when the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is baked after being pressed into tablets, and particularly the appearance influence is larger, and the baked moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is easy to break and loose under other process conditions. As is clear from examples 1, control 11, control 12 and control 13, the moringa oleifera leaf raw meal pieces had spicy flavor at the highest baking temperature of 85 ℃, 90 ℃ and 95 ℃, indicating that the bitter substances were not destroyed, and that the heat-sensitive substances such as bitter substances and organic selenium were best preserved at the temperature of less than 95 ℃, but the moringa oleifera leaves were easily broken after being molded and baked. Therefore, the comparison between the example 1 and the control group 11, the control group 12 and the control group 13 shows that the baking is carried out at 100 ℃, the effect of removing bitter taste is good, the preservation rate of the heat-sensitive substances such as organic selenium is highest, meanwhile, the formability of the spicy raw powder tablet is good, the spicy raw powder tablet is not easy to break, and the baking temperature of 100 ℃ is the optimal baking process parameter of the application.
2. And (3) biochemical detection: selenium content is detected by referring to GB5009.93-2010 first method, fat content is detected by referring to GB/T5009.6-2003 first method, protein content is detected by referring to GB/T5009.91-2003, sodium content is detected by referring to GB21050-2011, carbohydrate content is detected by referring to GB/Z21922-2008, and energy is detected by the following table 3:
TABLE 3 Table 3
The physicochemical detection of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder can reach the national standard.
The foregoing description is directed to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should be construed to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The processing method of the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
separating branches and leaves of freshly harvested moringa oleifera leaves, cleaning, drying by a reheat pump until the water content is 40-50wt%, crushing, sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, tabletting the powder while the powder is hot, and baking; the tabletting process comprises pre-pressing and pressurizing; the pre-pressing process is carried out for 1-3 s under the condition of 0.1-0.2 kN, and the pressurizing process is carried out for 3-5 s after the pressurizing to 0.5-1.2 kN; the baking process comprises the following steps: baking at 80-95 ℃ under low humidity for 40-60 min, naturally cooling, and then baking again at 100-120 ℃ under low vacuum of-100 kPa to-75 kPa for 40-60 min; in the hot pressing process, the temperature of the powder is 70-80 ℃.
2. The method for processing selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet according to claim 1, wherein the heat pump drying process is that the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is dried at 40-50 ℃ for 35-42 h.
3. The method for processing the selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet according to claim 1, wherein the baking process is as follows: baking at 80-95 ℃ for 40-60 min under low humidity, naturally cooling, and baking again at-95 kPa for 55min at 100 ℃.
4. The method for processing selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet is 0.3-0.6 cm.
5. The method for processing selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet according to claim 1, wherein in the baking process, the moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet after being pressed into tablets is placed in a baking tray and then placed in a baking machine for baking; the baking tray is uniformly provided with a placing groove for accommodating single tablets; the bottom of the placing groove is hollowed out.
6. The method for processing selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw meal tablet according to claim 5, wherein the baking machine comprises a machine body and a machine cover arranged on the machine body, and a heating plate is arranged on the inner side wall of the machine body; the machine body is provided with a steam inlet and a steam outlet, the outside of the steam inlet is connected with the atomizer, and the outside of the steam outlet is connected with the vacuum pump; a baking tray is rotatably arranged in the machine body.
7. The method for processing selenium-enriched moringa oleifera leaf raw powder tablet according to claim 6, wherein a rotatable rotating shaft is transversely arranged in the machine body, and the rotating shaft is connected with a driving motor; a plurality of baking trays are arranged on the rotating shaft; the baking trays are uniformly provided with placing grooves for accommodating single tablets; the bottom of the placing groove is hollowed out; the baking tray is provided with a net cover on one side of the notch of the placing groove in a matched mode.
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