CN115399310B - Manufacturing method and application of epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen - Google Patents
Manufacturing method and application of epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN115399310B CN115399310B CN202211014788.2A CN202211014788A CN115399310B CN 115399310 B CN115399310 B CN 115399310B CN 202211014788 A CN202211014788 A CN 202211014788A CN 115399310 B CN115399310 B CN 115399310B
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 206010017711 Gangrene Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241000931705 Cicada Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000239226 Scorpiones Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
- G09B23/306—Anatomical models comprising real biological tissue
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/36—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for zoology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/38—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for botany
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method and application of an epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen, which is characterized in that the epoxy resin homologous support columns and the epoxy resin homologous micron support columns are manufactured, the epoxy resin homologous support columns are used for animal tissues with larger volumes, and the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimens are used for animal tissues with smaller volumes and irregular shapes. The main body glue for manufacturing the specimen and the epoxy resin homologous support column for fixing animal tissues are almost identical in material and proportion, the diameter of the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column manufactured by the method is only 200 mu m, the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column is not easy to observe by naked eyes, and the problems that the refractive indexes of two layers of glue are different and the layering phenomenon is obvious due to layering manufacturing in the traditional method are fundamentally solved. The invention can also be applied to the preparation of specimens of insect, plant and special animal tissues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation methods of biological specimens, relates to preparation of animal tissue specimens in medical related professions, and in particular relates to a preparation method and application of an epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen.
Background
In the medical related profession, animal tissue specimens are almost essential teaching materials. The most commonly used tissue specimens of small and medium animals are basically treated by formalin immersion. Formalin-immersed specimens are often stored in glass jars, which not only give off the characteristic pungent odor of formalin, but also are inconvenient to move due to their large volume. Compared with the traditional formalin-immersed specimen, the specimen prepared by using the epoxy resin has the advantages of attractive appearance, low cost, short preparation time, portability, no toxicity and smell, high transparency, long-time preservation and the like. The epoxy resin specimen has certain hardness, can fix the form of animal tissues, is used for teaching, and can be observed without dead angles. However, the epoxy resin specimens have obvious delamination defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a brand-new preparation method of an animal tissue specimen embedded by epoxy resin, which can eliminate layering phenomenon and can be applied to the preparation of specimens of insects, plants and special animal tissues.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the preparation method of the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking fresh animal tissues, washing the animal tissues with absolute ethyl alcohol, trimming the tissues with a surgical knife, crossing the tissues with an insect needle in an X shape, assisting with forceps, correcting the animal tissues under the condition of not hurting the tissues, fixing the animal tissues on a plastic foam plate, and binding the animal tissues with thin wires; one surface of the foam board for fixing animal tissues is marked as a top surface, and the other surface is marked as a bottom surface;
(2) And a plurality of threads are put up, needles penetrate through the foam board from four corners of the foam board and are transversely fixed on the top surface of the foam board; the other end of the wire is tied with a weight and placed in formalin, so that the top surface of the wire faces upwards and is balanced;
(3) After 7d, taking out, removing stitches, removing needles, sucking residual formalin by using water-absorbing paper, wrapping, placing on a foam board, and placing in a shade place for standby;
(4) Preparation of two epoxy resin homologous support columns:
a\placing the plastic bowl on an electronic scale, and resetting the measuring range to zero, wherein the AB silica gel is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: slowly pouring the B=1:1 mass ratio, namely pouring the curing agent B and then pouring the liquid silica gel A in sequence, and immediately stirring until the mixture is completely and uniformly mixed after the preparation is finished;
placing the stirred AB mixed silica gel into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing for 20 min, slowly opening a deflation valve, and deflating; standing for 5 min, and checking the defoaming condition; taking a metal rod with the diameter of 2 mm, clamping the upper end by using a test tube clamp, fixing the metal rod on an iron stand, adjusting the proper height, and vertically inserting the metal rod and the lower end into AB mixed silica gel without bottoming; placing a set of fixed iron stand and AB mixed silica gel in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, and taking out after placing 24 h; taking down the test tube clamp, taking out the metal rod, taking down the disposable plastic bowl, and preparing the epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold; placing a plastic bowl on an electronic scale, resetting the measuring range to zero, slowly pouring epoxy resin and curing agent in a mass ratio of 3:1, and pouring the curing agent and then the epoxy resin in the sequence; stirring immediately after the mixed glue is prepared until floccules which are visible to the naked eye are no longer present in the cup; placing a silica gel measuring cup containing epoxy resin mixed glue into a vacuum barrel, starting a vacuum pump until a large number of white bubbles are generated on the surface layer of the mixed glue, closing the vacuum pump, standing and observing, slowly deflating after the bubbles are completely disappeared for 15 min, then opening a vacuum barrel cover, taking a proper amount of mixed glue, placing an epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold on a horizontal desktop, slowly pouring the mixed glue until the mold is filled, taking a disposable plastic bowl to buckle the mold for dust prevention, standing for 48h, and demoulding for later use, wherein the epoxy resin homologous support column is prepared for animal tissues with larger volume;
b, preparing epoxy resin mixed glue for standby, soaking a capillary glass tube for 10 min by using absolute ethyl alcohol, taking out, vertically placing, and drying in the shade; slowly and vertically inserting the capillary glass tube into the epoxy resin mixed adhesive, placing into a vacuum barrel, and vacuumizing for 15 min; slowly deflating, taking out the capillary glass tube by using tweezers, and transversely placing the capillary glass tube on a horizontal tabletop; after standing for 48 and h, lightly breaking the outer wall of the capillary glass tube, taking out the inner core, and trimming the inner core by using a surgical knife; mirror polishing the inner core with 7000 mesh sand paper and 10000 mesh polishing block, placing in absolute ethanol, and preserving in dark to finish preparation of epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column for animal tissue with small volume and irregular shape;
(5) Connecting animal tissues with epoxy resin homologous support columns or epoxy resin homologous micron support columns by using UV glue, and placing under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 2 min; fixing the blank upper end of the epoxy resin homologous support column by using an iron stand and a test tube clamp, and connecting the lower end of the blank upper end with animal tissues;
(6) Placing the animal tissue end in the center of a silica gel mold, and adjusting the test tube clamp; and (3) preparing epoxy resin mixed glue according to the method in the step (4), pouring the mixed glue into the mould by using a stirring rod in a drainage way until the liquid level of the mixed glue is almost flush with the edge of the mould, covering a preservative film cover with a dust cover at the opening of the mould to prevent dust from falling into the mould, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, taking out the mould, and standing the mould on a horizontal tabletop for 6 h.
And (3) properly scraping the wall of the cup in the stirring process of the step (4) to prevent the mixing glue near the wall of the cup from being unevenly mixed.
And (4) if obvious bubbles exist in the step (4), repeating the steps for 3 times at most.
The curing agent B in the step 4 is a polycondensation type double-component silicone rubber RTV-2 crosslinking agent, all epoxy resin and silica gel which can be purchased under normal conditions are sold together by AB, the liquid A is epoxy resin/silica gel, and the liquid B is a corresponding curing agent; two support columns are prepared in the step, wherein one support column is an epoxy resin homologous support column, the former is required to be made of silica gel, and the other support column is an epoxy resin homologous micron support column, and the latter is not required to be made of silica gel; the latter requires a capillary glass tube, the former does not require; the two support columns differ in the conditions of use: namely, the support columns are used for animal tissues with larger volumes, and the micron support columns are used for animal tissues with smaller weight and irregular shape; the larger volume of animal tissue: solid organs such as heart, liver, spleen and kidney; animal tissue of small volume and irregular shape: lung, intestinal canal, uterus, etc.
And (5) fixing according to actual conditions, penetrating animal tissues by using a plurality of epoxy resin homologous support columns or a plurality of epoxy resin homologous micron support columns to achieve a fixing effect, using UV glue at the joint, and fixing the upper ends of the support columns by using a test tube clamp.
And (3) cleaning the silica gel mold and the silica gel measuring cup with absolute ethyl alcohol before using the step (6), reversely buckling the silica gel mold and the silica gel measuring cup at a shade place after cleaning, enabling the cup mouth to be downward, naturally airing the silica gel mold at the shade place, or wiping all liquid on the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold with water absorbing paper after cleaning, and cleaning impurities on the inner surface with transparent adhesive tapes.
When the mass of the mixed glue exceeds 200 g or the room temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the mould is placed in a basin filled with cold water for physical cooling, the progress speed of exothermic reaction is slowed down, and the same applies to the silica gel.
When the epoxy resin mixed glue is used for manufacturing embedded animal tissues, the glue is injected twice, in order to eliminate layering as far as possible, the time interval between the two glue injections is controlled to be 6 h under the condition of room temperature of 25 ℃, and the layering phenomenon of the epoxy resin homologous micron support columns is least obvious.
And shearing the part of the epoxy resin homologous (micrometer) support column higher than the silica gel mold by using scissors, and performing secondary glue injection. Because epoxy has the characteristic of shrinking glue (namely the volume can be reduced after solidification, the top surface is inwards concave), when glue is injected for the second time, the mixed glue is added to the degree that the mixed glue protrudes out of the silica gel mould but does not overflow, and the top surface is smooth after thorough solidification.
Carefully removing bubbles by using a suction tube and a toothpick, and putting the mixture into a basin again for physical cooling. After about 48 hours at room temperature at 25 ℃. The surface of the product is smooth and flat due to the fact that the small indentation is automatically complemented with the lapse of time before the product is completely solidified by lightly pressing the product by a scalpel during solidification.
After the full solidification, the mold is forcibly released from the mold by reversely buckling with fingers at the bottom of the mold, and the process is carefully operated, so that the finished product is not easy to have flaws except layering.
If the special shape requirement is met for the specimen finished product, and the existing die cannot meet the condition, the shape of the specimen finished product is trimmed by sanding.
When fixing insects, plants and special animal tissues, the Karl liquid is used for replacing formalin, and the rest steps are unchanged; preparing a Karl liquid: taking absolute ethanol 170 mL, distilled water 280 mL, formalin 60 mL and glacial acetic acid 20 mL, stirring, and placing in a shade and light-proof place. Such special animal tissues as: eyeballs, brains, cerebellum, gangrene, and other fragile healthy tissues or lesions.
Whether the layering phenomenon is obvious or not is determined by the time interval between two glue injection, the ambient temperature and the refractive index difference of the epoxy resin condensate. The main glue for manufacturing the specimen and the epoxy resin homologous support column for fixing animal tissues are almost identical in material and proportion, the diameter of the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column manufactured by the method is only 200 mu m, and the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column is not easy to observe by naked eyes, so that the problems that the refractive indexes of two glue layers are different and the layering phenomenon is obvious due to layering manufacturing in the traditional method are radically solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a finished product diagram of embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is obtained through the following experiments:
1.1 Test materials
1.1.1 Test device and animal tissue
Fresh animal tissue, epoxy resin and a curing agent thereof, AB silica gel, UV gel, an ultraviolet lamp, a test tube clamp, an iron stand, a silica gel mold, a disposable plastic bowl, a disposable stirring rod, a disposable plastic suction tube, disposable tweezers, an electronic scale, absolute ethyl alcohol, scissors, formalin (37% formaldehyde solution), distilled water, glacial acetic acid, insect needles (No. 00-5 #), fine wires, weights, a plastic foam plate, a surgical knife handle, a disposable surgical blade, an ultrasonic water bath constant temperature oscillator, a vacuum pump, a vacuum barrel, a metal rod with the diameter of 2 mm, a toothpick, a disposable glove, a cold water basin, a preservative film, 80-7000 mesh sand paper, a polishing block, water absorbing paper and a capillary glass tube.
1.2 Test method
1.2.1 Treatment for correcting and dewatering animal tissue
Fresh animal tissues are taken, the fresh animal tissues are washed by absolute ethyl alcohol, the tissues are trimmed by a surgical knife, insect needles with proper sizes are selected to cross the needles in an X shape, tweezers are used for assistance, and under the condition that the tissues are not damaged, the fresh animal tissues are subjected to posture correction and fixed on a plastic foam board, and are bound by fine wires, so that the animal tissues are not easy to be overtightened. One side of the foam sheet where fresh animal tissue is fixed is designated as the top side and the other side as the bottom side. And a plurality of threads are also arranged, the needles penetrate through the foam board from four corners of the foam board and are transversely fixed on the top surface of the foam board. The thread should not be too long, the other end is tied with a weight, and placed in formalin with its top surface facing upwards, and kept balanced. 7, d, taking out, removing stitches, removing needles, sucking residual formalin with absorbent paper, wrapping, placing on a foam board, and placing in a shade place for standby.
Preparing a Karl liquid: taking absolute ethyl alcohol 170 mL, distilled water 280 mL, formalin 60 mL and glacial acetic acid 20 mL, uniformly stirring, and placing in a shady and cool place, wherein the fixing solution needs to be prepared at present. The Karl liquid is suitable for preserving the color of arthropods, mollusks and plants, most of insect shells are fixed by a conventional method, oxidative discoloration is extremely easy to occur, and the Karl liquid has excellent antioxidation effect.
When fixing insects, plants and special animal tissues, the Karl liquid can be used for replacing formalin, and the rest steps are unchanged.
1.2.2 Glue injection flow
1.2.2.1 Preparation of two epoxy resin homologous support columns
And placing the plastic bowl on an electronic scale, and zeroing the measuring range. AB silica gel as A: the mass ratio of B=1:1 is slowly poured in, the curing agent (B) is poured in firstly, then the liquid silica gel (A) is poured in, and the mixture is stirred immediately after the preparation is finished until the mixture is completely mixed uniformly. The wall of the cup is properly scratched in the stirring process, so that uneven mixing of AB mixed silica gel near the wall of the cup is prevented.
Placing the stirred AB mixed silica gel into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing for 20 min, slowly opening a deflation valve, and deflating. Standing for 5 min, and checking the defoaming condition. If there is obvious bubble, repeating the above steps for 3 times at most. A metal rod with the diameter of 2 mm is taken, the upper end of the metal rod is clamped by a test tube clamp and is fixed on an iron stand, and the proper height is adjusted. The metal rod and lower end are inserted vertically into the AB hybrid silica gel, but do not bottom out. The fixed set of iron stand and AB mixed silica gel are placed in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and taken out after being placed in a 24 h way.
And taking down the test tube clamp and taking out the metal rod. And taking down the disposable plastic bowl, and preparing the epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold.
And placing the plastic bowl on an electronic scale, and zeroing the measuring range. Slowly pouring the epoxy resin and the curing agent in a mass ratio of 3:1, wherein the curing agent is poured first and then the epoxy resin is poured [5] . The glue mixture should be stirred immediately after preparation until no macroscopic flocs appear in the cup. The wall of the cup is properly scratched in the stirring process, so that the mixing of the mixed glue near the wall of the cup is prevented from being uneven.
The volume ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 2.5:1, but since the temperature will have a slight effect on the volume of both, the mass ratio is accurate and generally no volume ratio is used. If the ratio is not proper, a phenomenon that the epoxy resin mixed glue cannot be solidified may occur.
Placing a silica gel measuring cup containing epoxy resin mixed glue into a vacuum barrel, starting a vacuum pump until a large amount of white bubbles are generated on the surface layer of the mixed glue, closing the vacuum pump, standing and observing, and after the bubbles disappear completely after about 15 min, slowly deflating and then opening a vacuum barrel cover to prevent the mixed glue from splashing around due to over-fast air inlet suddenly.
Soaking the capillary glass tube in absolute ethanol for 10 min, taking out, standing vertically, and drying in shade.
Slowly and vertically inserting the capillary glass tube into the epoxy resin mixed adhesive, placing into a vacuum barrel, and vacuumizing for 15 min. Slowly deflating, taking out the capillary glass tube by forceps, and transversely placing on a horizontal tabletop. After resting 48h, the outer wall of the capillary glass tube was gently broken, the inner core was removed and trimmed with a surgical knife.
The core was mirror polished with 7000 mesh sandpaper and 10000 mesh polishing blocks. The polished inner core is the epoxy resin homologous micron support column which is placed in absolute ethyl alcohol for light-proof preservation.
Placing the epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold on a horizontal tabletop, slowly pouring mixed glue until the mold is filled, and taking a disposable plastic bowl to buckle the mold as a dust cover. And standing for 48 and h, and demolding for later use.
Whether the layering phenomenon is obvious or not is determined by the time interval between two glue injection, the ambient temperature and the refractive index difference of the epoxy resin condensate. The main glue for preparing the specimen and the epoxy resin homologous support column for fixing animal tissues are almost identical in material and proportion, but the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column prepared by the method is only 200 mu m in diameter and is not easy to observe by naked eyes, so that the problems of different refractive indexes and obvious layering phenomenon of two glue layers caused by layering preparation in the traditional method are radically solved.
1.2.2.2 Primary glue injection
Selecting a silica gel mold with proper size, cleaning the silica gel mold and a silica gel measuring cup with absolute ethyl alcohol, reversely buckling the silica gel mold and the silica gel measuring cup after cleaning, enabling the cup mouth to face downwards at a shade place, naturally airing the silica gel mold at the shade place, or wiping all liquid on the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold with water absorbing paper after cleaning, and cleaning impurities on the inner surface with transparent adhesive tape.
Connecting animal tissue and epoxy resin homologous support column with UV glue, and irradiating under ultraviolet lamp for 2 min. The blank upper end of the epoxy resin homologous support column is fixed by an iron stand and a test tube clamp, and the lower end is connected with animal tissues. As the case may be, a plurality of epoxy homologous support columns may be used.
Multiple epoxy homologous micron support posts are used to penetrate the animal tissue to provide a fixation effect, and a small amount of UV glue can be used at the junction. The upper end of the support column is fixed by a test tube clamp.
Placing the animal tissue end into the center of a silica gel mold, and adjusting the test tube clamp. Epoxy resin compound was prepared according to the method 1.2.2.1.
Pouring the epoxy resin mixed glue subjected to vacuum defoaming into the mold by using a stirring rod in a drainage way until the liquid level of the mixed glue is almost flush with the edge of the mold, covering a preservative film cover with a dust cover at the opening of the mold to prevent dust from falling into the mold, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, taking out the mold, and standing the mold on a horizontal tabletop for 6 h.
1.2.2.3 Physical cooling
Because irreversible exothermic reaction occurs when the epoxy resin and the curing agent are mixed, the excessive heat release not only can cause a large amount of bubbles to be generated, but also can greatly shorten the curing process and reduce the curing time, when the mass of the mixed glue exceeds 200 g or the room temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the mould is placed in a basin filled with cold water for physical cooling, the progress speed of the exothermic reaction is slowed down, and the same applies to the silica gel.
1.2.2.4 Secondary glue injection
When the epoxy resin mixed glue is used for manufacturing the embedded animal tissue, the glue needs to be injected twice.
In order to eliminate layering as far as possible, the layering of the epoxy resin homologous micrometer support columns is least obvious when the time interval between two glue injection is controlled to be about 6 h under the condition of room temperature of 25 ℃.
The compound gum was prepared according to the method in 1.2.2.1. And shearing the part of the epoxy resin homologous (micrometer) support column higher than the silica gel mold by using scissors, and performing secondary glue injection.
Because epoxy resin has the characteristic of shrinking glue (namely the volume can be reduced after solidification, the top surface is inwards concave), when glue is injected for the second time, the mixed glue is added to the degree that the mixed glue protrudes out of the silica gel mould but does not overflow, and the top surface is smooth after thorough solidification.
Carefully removing bubbles by using a suction tube and a toothpick, and putting the mixture into a basin again for physical cooling. After about 48h, it was fully cured at room temperature of 25 ℃. During the curing, a scalpel can be used for lightly pressing, and before the curing is completed, the tiny indentations can be automatically complemented with the time to smooth and level the surface.
After complete solidification, the mold can be opened by pulling the mold back with fingers, and the process is carefully operated, so that the finished product is not easy to have flaws besides layering.
1.2.3 Shaping, grinding and polishing
If a specific shape is required for the finished specimen, but the existing mold cannot meet the condition, in this case, the shape of the finished specimen can be trimmed by sanding. The test artificially divides the grinding and polishing into three stages.
Shaping: the 80-2000 mesh sand paper can easily cause the shape of the epoxy resin specimen to change greatly.
Polishing: the 2500-7000 mesh sand paper can gradually increase the transparency of the epoxy resin specimen.
Polishing: after 7000 mesh sand paper is polished, a polishing block (about 10000 mesh) is used for polishing, so that the surface of the epoxy resin specimen can generate a mirror effect.
1.2.3.1 Use of sandpaper
The epoxy resin specimen can produce a large amount of dust in the process of polishing, uses the water mill method to polish, can avoid inhaling a large amount of dust and follow-up be convenient for clear up. In order to increase the contact area of the sandpaper with the epoxy specimen while preventing the sandpaper from being worn, a wet cloth may be used to cushion between the sandpaper and the flat table top. And during polishing, the number of sand paper is selected according to the requirement to gradually polish. The shaping is selected from 80-800 mesh according to the requirement, and the scratch treatment can be started from 2000 mesh. When polishing, the hand-held epoxy resin specimen is dipped in water and polished back and forth in the same direction, so that the polishing mark direction caused by the sand paper is uniform. When the water on the sand paper becomes turbid, the sand paper and the epoxy resin specimen are washed by timely wiping off the water, so that the occurrence of a battlefield effect (namely scratches caused by the fact that the sand paper with the previous mesh number is polished and residual particles are not washed cleanly and participate in the polishing with the higher mesh number) is prevented. And when the abrasive paper is switched to a higher-mesh abrasive paper, the polishing direction is vertical to the last trace. The mark with a polished mesh number is to cover the polishing mark of the last abrasive paper completely, the polishing sequence of the abrasive paper mesh number is from low to high no matter shaping or polishing, and the selection of the abrasive paper mesh number cannot span too much, otherwise, the abrasive paper cannot be polished in place. The higher the number of grit sandpaper, the longer the sanding time required, whether manual or machine. After polishing by 7000 mesh sand paper, the surface of the epoxy resin specimen has fine and smooth hand feeling, and only the transparency is required to be improved. And cleaning and wiping the epoxy resin specimen, and repeatedly wiping the epoxy resin specimen by using a polishing block until the mirror surface effect appears.
Example 1: the fresh animal tissue is the ovary and uterus of the cat, and the rest steps are as above, and the finished product is shown in figure 1.
Example 2: fresh animal tissue is rabbit lung, and the rest steps are as above, and the final product is shown in figure 2.
Example 3: the arthropod in the bag is scorpion, and the rest steps are as above, and the finished product is shown in figure 3.
Example 4: the arthropods are white horned beetles and black cicada respectively, and the rest steps are as above, and the finished product is shown in fig. 4.
Example 5: the plant of the built-in material is dandelion, the rest steps are as above, and the finished product is shown in figure 5.
Example 6: the built-in plant is wheat straw chrysanthemum, and the rest steps are as above, and the finished product is shown in figure 6.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking fresh animal tissues, washing the animal tissues with absolute ethyl alcohol, trimming the tissues with a surgical knife, crossing the tissues with an insect needle in an X shape, assisting with forceps, correcting the animal tissues under the condition of not hurting the tissues, fixing the animal tissues on a plastic foam plate, and binding the animal tissues with thin wires; one surface of the foam board for fixing animal tissues is marked as a top surface, and the other surface is marked as a bottom surface;
(2) And a plurality of threads are put up, needles penetrate through the foam board from four corners of the foam board and are transversely fixed on the top surface of the foam board; the other end of the wire is tied with a weight and placed in formalin, so that the top surface of the wire faces upwards and is balanced;
(3) 7, d, taking out, removing stitches, removing needles, sucking residual formalin with absorbent paper, wrapping, placing on a foam board, and placing in a shade place for standby;
the method is characterized in that:
(4) Preparation of two epoxy resin homologous support columns:
a, placing a plastic bowl on an electronic scale, and resetting the measuring range to zero, wherein an AB silica gel is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: slowly pouring the B=1:1 mass ratio, namely pouring the curing agent B and then pouring the liquid silica gel A in sequence, and immediately stirring until the mixture is completely and uniformly mixed after the preparation is finished;
placing the stirred AB mixed silica gel into a vacuum barrel, vacuumizing for 20 min, slowly opening a deflation valve, and deflating; standing for 5 min, and checking the defoaming condition; taking a metal rod with the diameter of 2 mm, clamping the upper end by using a test tube clamp, fixing the metal rod on an iron stand, adjusting the proper height, and vertically inserting the metal rod and the lower end into AB mixed silica gel without bottoming; placing a set of fixed iron stand and AB mixed silica gel in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, and taking out after placing 24 h; taking down the test tube clamp, taking out the metal rod, taking down the disposable plastic bowl, and preparing the epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold; placing a plastic bowl on an electronic scale, resetting the measuring range to zero, slowly pouring epoxy resin and curing agent in a mass ratio of 3:1, and pouring the curing agent and then the epoxy resin in the sequence; stirring immediately after the mixed glue is prepared until floccules which are visible to the naked eye are no longer present in the cup; placing a silica gel measuring cup containing epoxy resin mixed glue into a vacuum barrel, starting a vacuum pump until a large number of white bubbles are generated on the surface layer of the mixed glue, closing the vacuum pump, standing and observing, slowly deflating after the bubbles are completely disappeared for 15 min, then opening a vacuum barrel cover, taking a proper amount of mixed glue, placing an epoxy resin homologous support column silica gel mold on a horizontal desktop, slowly pouring the mixed glue until the mold is filled, taking a disposable plastic bowl to buckle the mold for dust prevention, standing for 48h, and demoulding for later use, wherein the epoxy resin homologous support column is prepared for animal tissues with larger volume;
b, preparing epoxy resin mixed glue for standby, soaking a capillary glass tube for 10 min by using absolute ethyl alcohol, taking out, vertically placing, and drying in the shade; slowly and vertically inserting the capillary glass tube into the epoxy resin mixed adhesive, placing into a vacuum barrel, and vacuumizing for 15 min; slowly deflating, taking out the capillary glass tube by using tweezers, and transversely placing the capillary glass tube on a horizontal tabletop; after standing for 48 and h, lightly breaking the outer wall of the capillary glass tube, taking out the inner core, and trimming the inner core by using a surgical knife; mirror polishing the inner core with 7000 mesh sand paper and 10000 mesh polishing block, placing in absolute ethanol, and preserving in dark to finish preparation of epoxy resin homologous micrometer support column for animal tissue with small volume and irregular shape;
(5) Connecting animal tissues with epoxy resin homologous support columns or epoxy resin homologous micron support columns by using UV glue, and placing under an ultraviolet lamp for irradiation for 2 min; fixing the blank upper end of the epoxy resin homologous support column by using an iron stand and a test tube clamp, and connecting the lower end of the blank upper end with animal tissues;
(6) Placing the animal tissue end in the center of a silica gel mold, and adjusting the test tube clamp; pouring the epoxy resin mixed glue prepared in the step (4) into the mold by using a stirring rod in a drainage way until the liquid level of the mixed glue is flush with the edge of the mold, covering a preservative film cover with a dust cover at the opening of the mold to prevent dust from falling into the mold, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30 min, taking out the mold, and standing the mold on a horizontal tabletop for 6 h.
2. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) properly scraping the wall of the cup in the stirring process of the step (4) to prevent the mixing glue near the wall of the cup from being unevenly mixed.
3. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), if obvious bubbles exist, repeating the steps for three times at most.
4. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) fixing according to actual conditions, penetrating animal tissues by using a plurality of epoxy resin homologous support columns or a plurality of epoxy resin homologous micron support columns to achieve a fixing effect, using UV glue at the joint, and fixing the upper ends of the support columns by using a test tube clamp.
5. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) cleaning the silica gel mold and the silica gel measuring cup with absolute ethyl alcohol before using the step (6), reversely buckling the silica gel mold and the silica gel measuring cup at a shade place after cleaning, enabling the cup mouth to be downward, naturally airing the silica gel mold at the shade place, or wiping all liquid on the inner surface and the outer surface of the mold with water absorbing paper after cleaning, and cleaning impurities on the inner surface with transparent adhesive tapes.
6. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the mass of the mixed glue exceeds 200 g or the room temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the mould is placed in a basin filled with cold water for physical cooling.
7. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the epoxy resin mixed glue is used for manufacturing the embedded animal tissue, the glue is injected twice, and the time interval between the two glue injections is controlled to be 6 h under the condition of room temperature of 25 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: shearing off the epoxy resin homologous support columns or the parts of the epoxy resin homologous micron support columns, which are higher than the silica gel mold, by using scissors, and performing secondary glue injection; in the secondary glue injection, the mixed glue is added to the extent that the silica gel mold is protruded but not overflowed.
9. The method for preparing the epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when a specific shape requirement is required for the specimen finished product, the shape of the specimen finished product is trimmed by sanding.
10. Use of a method for manufacturing an epoxy resin embedded animal tissue specimen according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: when fixing insects, plants and special animal tissues, the Karl liquid is used for replacing formalin, and the rest steps are unchanged; preparing a Karl liquid: taking absolute ethanol 170 mL, distilled water 280 mL, formalin 60 mL and glacial acetic acid 20 mL, stirring uniformly, and placing in a shade and light-proof place; the specific animal tissue: eyeball, brain, cerebellum, gangrene.
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