CN115396294A - Multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for distribution network information physical composite fault - Google Patents
Multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for distribution network information physical composite fault Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
- H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
- H04L41/0659—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by isolating or reconfiguring faulty entities
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
- H04L41/145—Network analysis or design involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for a distribution network information physical composite fault, which is realized in the following four stages: in the fault positioning stage, the fault coordinate data information of the composite network is positioned under the influence of extreme weather disasters on a power grid and a communication network; in the fault propagation stage, fault areas are propagated and divided in the power grid and the communication network according to faults; a fault isolation stage, which comprises the steps of recovering a communication network based on a Floyd algorithm in a fault area and operating a Remote Control Switch (RCS) to block a propagation path of a fault in the power network; in the non-failure area recovery stage, the communication network controls the remote control switch RCS to realize non-failure but no power supply area load recovery; the invention adopts CPS cooperative recovery strategy of information physical bilateral influence and fault processing multi-stage time sequence influence to minimize load loss and repair time to rapidly recover CPS fault.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technology of information physical system fault repair, and particularly relates to a multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for a distribution network information physical composite fault.
Background art:
with the rapid development of a communication System, the dependence of a power grid on the communication System is continuously enhanced, and a traditional power System is gradually evolved into a Cyber Physical System (CPS), so that when a large-scale disaster occurs, both sides of the Cyber Physical System are affected and interact with each other to enlarge the affected scale, and a composite fault is caused. In order to solve this problem, it is highly desirable to improve the toughness level of CPS in the face of extreme disasters, and particularly to improve the toughness of CPS by preparing, responding, and recovering while considering both sides of information physics to enhance its ability to resist damage and recover quickly. Compared to the transmission CPS, the redundancy level of the distribution CPS is relatively low, the automation level is also low and the control means are relatively scarce, so that the capacity of the distribution CPS to cope with extreme events is relatively weaker. Therefore, the research on the cooperative fault recovery of the power distribution information physical system has more important theoretical value and practical significance.
The method is characterized in that the accurate prediction of the influence of disasters on a system before extreme disasters occur is of vital importance in fault location, a foundation can be laid for the subsequent strategy formulation, the quick response capability after the faults occur determines the influenced fault range of the system, and the flexible CPS has the capability of being suitable for continuously changing conditions and also has the capability of bearing interruption and quick recovery.
The current research improves the capability of the system to resist extreme events and recover quickly through measures taken before, during and after disasters. However, these studies have generally focused on some stage in the overall recovery process of the system after an extreme event has occurred. Measures that take into account the synergy of multiple phases are mostly focused on the study of the electrical network. With the gradual development of the CPS, on one hand, many recovery means at present highly depend on a communication network, such as network reconstruction, generator scheduling and the like, need to be supported by the communication network, the communication network can be damaged to a certain extent under the condition of extreme natural disasters, and the communication side fault is not considered and considered to be completely reliable, but only the optimization aiming at the power grid is not practical; on the other hand, after a fault occurs, the fault is continuously propagated in the network until the fault is isolated, so that the fault isolation is performed before fault recovery, and the communication side control is required to realize the fault isolation.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention provides a multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for distribution network information physical composite faults, which considers the defects of the existing research of toughness-oriented distribution information physical system fault recovery strategies in the prior art, fully considers the interdependency of a power grid and a communication network on the infrastructure, network topology and service function level, and embodies the multi-stage coupling influence on the electricity-electricity double sides in fault location, network degradation, fault isolation and service recovery after the actual natural disaster occurs.
The invention solves the practical problem by adopting the following technical scheme:
a multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for a distribution network information physical composite fault is realized in the following four stages:
in the fault positioning stage, the fault coordinate data of the composite network is positioned under the influence of extreme weather disasters on a power grid and a communication network; information
In the fault propagation stage, fault areas are propagated and divided in the power grid and the communication network according to faults;
a fault isolation stage, which comprises recovering a communication network based on a Floyd algorithm in a fault area and operating a Remote Control Switch (RCS) to block a fault propagation path in the power network;
in the non-fault area recovery stage, the communication network controls a remote control switch RC S of the power grid to realize non-fault but non-power area load recovery by taking the following formula as a target;
wherein, T C3 To the starting time T of this stage end J is the serial number of the power grid bus at the end time of the whole process, B is the set of the power grid bus, and P is j Is the loss of active power, omega, at the bus j of the power grid j And the weight value of the bus j in the power grid.
Further, determining a recovery process of the communication network side based on the Floyd algorithm: 201. the establishment of the target model of the communication network fault recovery comprises the following steps:
f＝max{(minT 1 ,minT 2 ,…,minT s )}
T i ＝t G +t 0
wherein: minT i The shortest time for the emergency maintenance team i to complete the assigned task, s is the number of emergency maintenance teams, t G Time required for maintenance of the optical fiber, t 0 Time required for team travel; wherein:
202. the constraint conditions are as follows:
1) Each faulted section must have and only one repair team repair, as follows:
wherein: m is the number of rush-repair teams, n is the number of communication network failures, x ik Whether the fault road section i is allocated to the rush-repair team k or not is shown, the allocation is represented by the value of 1, the non-allocation is represented by the value of 0,
the number of fault road sections for rush repair at the same time;
2) Restoring the remote control switch RCS communication link, namely:
x j ＝0,j＝1,2,…,13
wherein: x is the number of j Representing the link, x, connecting the RCS to the communication node j =0 represents no link failure;
3) The method can only be repaired on the basis of the original power communication network topology, and a new path cannot be established.
Further, the remote control switch RCS is operated to block the fault propagation path process in the power grid through the following formula:
f＝min(T 1 -T 2 )∑ j∈B ω j P j,2
wherein: t is a unit of 1 The starting moment of fault isolation; the constraint conditions are that the voltage, power and current are required by the operation of the power grid as constraints and that the radial network structure is required by the power distribution network.
Has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides an information physical composite fault positioning method under natural disasters;
(2) The invention provides a CPS cooperative recovery strategy considering information physics bilateral influence and fault processing multistage time sequence influence so as to minimize load loss and repair time to model information physics composite fault recovery;
(3) Based on the adopted method, the invention provides a method for evaluating the toughness level of the power distribution information physical system after an extreme event by taking the absorption rate, the adaptability rate and the energy supply rate as toughness evaluation indexes so as to reflect the recovery process of the power distribution system in a certain stage and the whole process.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram for CPS coordinated recovery for controlling a power grid based on a communication network in view of cyber-physical compound faults;
Detailed Description
The invention provides a CPS cooperative recovery method for controlling a power grid based on a communication network by considering information physical composite faults, and the implementation process of the invention is further described in detail by combining with a figure 1.
In order to comprehensively improve the recovery capability of the power distribution cyber-physical system after a disaster, the invention considers the whole multi-stage process from fault location when designing a toughness enhancement strategy, aims to reduce the load loss and the time required by the multi-stage process based on the scene of closely linking cyber-physical of a remote control switch, and provides a multi-stage toughness improvement process of the power distribution cyber-physical system as shown in figure 1. In the first stage, the specific fault condition of the network is obtained by modeling the disaster; in the second stage, the fault can be propagated in the network, so that the network fault condition after the fault propagation is given; in the third stage, the communication network is restored to realize the control of the power network, and then a Remote Controlled Switch (RCS) is operated to block a fault propagation path to carry out fault isolation; and finally, the RCS controlled by the communication network is utilized to realize non-failure but powerless area load recovery.
Step (1) determining the network fault position according to extreme weather information
The impact of the fault on the grid and the communication network is determined. Natural disasters can be classified into a center type, a single-sided type and a global type according to the characteristics of the intensity distribution of the natural disasters. Central disasters, i.e. disaster centers, are most intense and gradually weaken their intensity as the data center distance increases, for example: earthquake; the unilateral disaster, i.e. the disaster intensity, is in a linear decreasing trend, and the highest intensity occurs at one side of the disaster, for example: a hurricane; the global disaster, i.e. the intensity experienced by all parts of the disaster area, is the same, for example: storm snow. The information of various extreme weather disasters is different, and the invention takes the central disaster earthquake as an example to generate the fault conditions of the power grid and the communication network.
Step (2) power grid fault propagation stage
Since the grid is a connected network, when a fault occurs at a certain point, the fault propagates along the grid communication path until there is no communication line. Therefore, before the fault is isolated, fault propagation (namely, network degradation) of the network is inevitable, if the fault is not isolated in time, the power grid is greatly influenced, and in the process of the phase, the power grid can be preliminarily divided into a fault area and a non-fault area according to the topological structure of the power grid and the position of the fault: the fault area is an area with a fault line in the area, namely the load of the whole area cannot normally run; the non-fault area is that no fault line exists in the area, that is, the load in the area can normally operate.
Step (3) considering the power grid fault isolation stage of the communication network
Restoration of communication network based on Floyd algorithm to realize control effect on power grid
The failure recovery of the conventional communication network is mainly divided into two aspects: the fault recovery of the mobile communication network can realize timely and accurate monitoring of the power network so as to more accurately guide the subsequent power network recovery; the fault recovery of the optical fiber communication network can realize various control operations on the power grid, namely, the dispatching automation of the power grid is realized. The fault recovery at the communication network side is mainly used for realizing the control action on the RCS of the power grid, so that the optical fiber communication network part is mainly considered for the recovery of the communication network.
The communication network is a network consisting of nodes and lines connecting them, and the communication center issues commands and then propagates them to the nodes connected to the grid elements at the ends via optical fiber communication paths. Therefore, when a certain path is connected, the controlled RCS can receive a command in time to perform an opening or closing operation, but when a natural disaster occurs and the communication optical fiber is damaged, the corresponding communication path cannot transmit the command, and the RCS cannot operate. In order to continue to control the RCS, repair personnel are required to repair the telecommunication fibers, and in order to reduce the time for fault repair, the repair path of the repair personnel needs to be optimized. The Floyd algorithm is an algorithm for calculating the shortest path between nodes under the condition of given network topology and the line weight between adjacent nodes, and according to the principle, the recovery of the communication network can set the line weight of the adjacent nodes as the sum of the time required by personnel to travel and the time required by maintaining the optical fiber, and further calculate the shortest time required by maintaining and realizing the recovery of the communication path.
Grid fault isolation using RCS
Before isolating a fault, the fault is known to propagate in a connected grid, so that the grid fault scales up. At this stage, the connected grid is disconnected, thereby preventing further propagation of the fault. The RCS required for disconnecting the power grid line can receive an instruction to execute disconnection operation after the communication network fault is recovered. Not every line is equipped with the RCS, so when performing the line disconnection operation, the RCS operating conditions need to be optimized to reduce the area of the fault region, while also meeting the necessary constraints for grid operation, such as: node voltage constraint, line tide constraint, generator output upper and lower limit constraint and the like.
Step (4) considering the load recovery stage of the non-fault area of the power grid of the communication network
In the fault isolation phase, with the RCS switching off, the entire grid is divided into several small sections: one part is a fault area, and the load of the area can be recovered only after a maintenance worker maintains the fault line: one part is a non-failure area, and the areas can be divided into two cases, wherein the load can normally operate in the area with the power supply, and the load can still not normally operate in the area without the power supply although the area is not failed. Therefore, the non-fault area load recovery without power supply is realized through the closing operation of the RCS at the stage, and the RCS required for closing the power grid line can receive an instruction to execute the closing operation after the fault of the communication network is recovered. The closing of the line may cause the non-fault area to be communicated with the fault area again to further enlarge the fault scale, so that the constraint that the fault scale is not enlarged is also required to be met in this stage in addition to the constraint required by the operation of the power grid, the action condition of the RCS is optimized, and the load loss is reduced.
Detailed description of the invention
Determining network fault location based on extreme weather information
The CPS fault location is determined given seismic disaster information as an example. Network coordinates are determined from the geographical location of the given communication network and the power grid. The intensity M of the earthquake disaster is obtained according to the data after the earthquake disaster occurs, and the earthquake intensity I sensed by each point is determined according to the earthquake center and the earthquake intensity and is shown as the formula (5-2).
I＝0.514+1.500M-0.00659R-2.014log(R+10)+ρ (5-1)
Where R represents the distance of the node from the seismic center, and ρ is an indeterminate random variable and is a lognormal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.274.
Mean failure rate of electric power lines according to Table 1
Determining the average failure rate of the power line according to the relation between the line self defense level D and the seismic intensity I
TABLE 1 mean failure rate, defense level and seismic intensity relationship table
The seismic capacity of the lines connected to the generation and load nodes is generally designed to be relatively high, and the lines themselves in the grid have different weights, so that the defense level of the ordinary lines is set to 7, the power lines connected to the generators and loads are set to 8, and the power lines with a high weight are set to 8.
Branch fault loss rate F under different intensities can be expressed as
Where δ is a random variable and is a normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.033.
The relationship between the grid line fault level L and the fault loss rate is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 grid line Fault classes
Wherein a failure with a rating of 1 is typically a non-functional impairment, such as an apparent impairment; a fault of grade 2 generally has less influence on power supply, such as damage of insulation and the like; a class 3 fault is typically a non-critical functional component that has less impact on the power supply, such as a transformer; while levels 4 and 5 are very serious faults. The power line classes 4, 5 are therefore faulty lines and are repaired.
The relationship between the communication network line fault level and the seismic intensity is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 communication line failure classes
Wherein, the 1-level fault means that the communication is basically intact and the optical fiber has no fracture; a level 2 fault is worth noting that a line has a slight fault but does not hinder operation; three and above failure states are worth of partial or total fiber breakage. Thus, the telecommunication fiber classes 3, 4, 5 are faulty lines and are subsequently repaired.
Grid fault propagation phase
And (2) respectively determining whether a fault condition exists in each connected area of the power grid according to the fault position of the power grid and the current topological structure of the power grid in the step (1), if so, the area is a fault area, all loads lose power supply, and if not, the area is a non-fault area.
Grid fault isolation phase considering communication network
The overall goal of this step is to reduce the load loss and recovery time at this stage, i.e.
Wherein T is C2 To the start of this phase, T 2 For the end of fault isolation, P j,2 And in the stage, the active power loss of each node of the power grid is realized.
Restoration of communication network based on Floyd algorithm to realize control effect on power grid
After the fault conditions of the power grid and the communication network are obtained in the step 1, the recovery condition and the recovery strategy of the communication network side are determined according to the Floyd algorithm. The objective function of the fault recovery of the communication network is shown in the formulas (5-4) and (5-5):
f＝max{(minT 1 ,minT 2 ,…,minT s )} (5-4)
T i ＝t G +t 0 (5-5)
wherein: minT i The shortest time for the emergency repair team i to complete the distribution task, s is the number of emergency repair teams, t G Time required for maintenance of the optical fiber, t 0 The time required for the team to travel.
The constraint conditions are as follows:
1) Each fault section must have one and only one repair team for repair, as shown in formulas (5-6) and (5-7)
Wherein: m is the number of rush-repair teams, n is the number of communication network failures, x ik Whether the fault road section i is allocated to the rush-repair team k or not is shown, the value is 1 to represent allocation, the value is 0 to represent non-allocation,
the number of the fault road sections for the first-aid repair is increased.
2) The communication link associated with the RCS is to be restored as shown in equations (5-8)
x j ＝0,j＝1,2,…,13 (5-8)
Wherein: x is a radical of a fluorine atom j Representing links, x, connecting the RCS to the communication node j =0 represents no link failure.
3) The method can only be used for repairing the original power communication network topology, and a new path cannot be established.
Grid fault isolation using RCS
The purpose of blocking the fault propagation path to isolate the fault is to reduce the load loss, so the objective function is:
f＝min(T 1 -T 2 )∑ j∈B ω j P j,2 (5-9)
wherein: t is 1 The starting moment is isolated for the fault.
The constraint conditions comprise voltage, power, current and other constraints necessary for the operation of the power grid and a radial network structure necessary for the power distribution network.
Step 4, considering the load recovery stage of the non-fault area of the power grid of the communication network
The overall goal of this step is to reduce the load loss and recovery time at this stage, i.e.
Wherein T is C3 To the start of this phase, P j,3 And in the stage, the active power loss of each node of the power grid is realized.
The communication network recovery strategy is the same as step 3, in this step, the power grid realizes load recovery of the non-fault region by closing the RCS, so that in order to reduce load loss at this stage, the constraint condition to be considered needs to be considered in addition to step 3, that is, the closing of the RCS does not enable the non-fault region to be communicated with the fault region.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make various changes in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for the distribution network information physical composite fault is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the cooperative recovery method is realized in the following four stages:
in the fault positioning stage, the fault coordinate data information of the composite network is positioned under the influence of extreme weather disasters on the power grid and the communication network
In the fault propagation stage, fault areas are propagated and divided in the power grid and the communication network according to faults;
a fault isolation stage, which comprises the steps of recovering a communication network based on a Floyd algorithm in a fault area and operating a Remote Control Switch (RCS) to block a propagation path of a fault in the power network;
in the non-fault area recovery stage, the communication network controls a power grid remote control switch RCS to realize non-fault but power-free area load recovery by taking the following formula as a target;
wherein, T C3 To the start of this phase, T end J is the number of the power grid bus at the end time of the whole process, B is the set of the power grid bus, and P j Is the active power loss quantity, omega, at the bus j of the power grid j And the weight value of the bus j in the power grid.
2. The multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for the distribution network information physical composite fault, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: determining a recovery process of a communication network side based on a Floyd algorithm:
201. the establishment of a target model for fault recovery of the communication network comprises the following steps:
f＝max{(minT 1 ,minT 2 ,…,minT s )}
T i ＝t G +t 0
wherein: minT i The shortest time for the emergency repair team i to complete the distribution task, s is the number of emergency repair teams, t G Time required for repairing the optical fiber, t 0 Time required for team driving; wherein:
202. the constraint conditions are as follows:
1) Each faulted section must have and only one repair team repair, as follows:
wherein: m is the number of rush-repair teams, n is the number of communication network failures, x ik Whether the fault road section i is allocated to the rush-repair team k or not is shown, the allocation is represented by the value of 1, the non-allocation is represented by the value of 0,
the number of fault road sections for rush repair at the same time;
2) Restoring the remote control switch RCS communication link, i.e.:
x j ＝0,j＝1,2,…,13
wherein: x is a radical of a fluorine atom j Representing links, x, connecting the RCS to the communication node j =0 for link failure;
3) The method can only be repaired on the basis of the original power communication network topology, and a new path cannot be established.
3. The multi-stage information physical cooperative recovery method for the distribution network information physical composite fault, according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
the RCS is used for operating the remote control switch to block the propagation path process of the fault in the power grid through the following formula:
f＝min(T 1 -T 2 )∑ j∈B ω j P j,2
wherein: t is 1 The starting moment of fault isolation; the constraint conditions are that the voltage, power and current are required by the operation of the power grid as constraints and that the radial network structure is required by the power distribution network.
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