CN115275973A - Method for repairing power-communication fault of active power distribution network under extreme disasters - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for repairing an electric power-communication fault of an active power distribution network under an extreme disaster, which comprises the following steps of 1) updating a positioned fault set and the position of an emergency maintenance team, determining an information blind area, judging whether net rack reconstruction and island division can be carried out, and if so, entering the next step; 2) Calculating load recovery value conversion values of power and communication faults, and solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function; 3) And (3) allocating the solved fault emergency repair tasks, dispatching emergency repair teams to carry out fault emergency repair, and turning to the step 1) after 1 fault is repaired. The method considers the influence of the communication fault on the system fault recovery process, uniformly repairs the power fault and the communication fault based on the load recovery value conversion, can effectively improve the elasticity of the active power distribution network, and has better engineering practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power distribution system engineering, in particular to an active power distribution network power-communication fault repairing method under extreme disasters.
Background
In recent years, extreme natural disasters such as typhoons, ice and snow, earthquakes and the like frequently occur, so that large-scale power failure accidents occur in a power system, and huge economic losses are caused. The resilience of the grid is defined as the ability of the system to resist various hazards, withstand the consequences of an initial fault, and quickly recover to a normal operating state, with emphasis on the ability to cope with extreme events including extreme natural disasters. The power distribution network is located at the tail end of the power system, the fault disturbance coping capability is weak, and the power distribution network is closely related to the load of a user, so that the improvement of the elasticity of the power distribution network facing extreme disasters is one of key problems to be solved urgently in development.
As a development mode of an intelligent power distribution network, an Active Distribution Network (ADN) including Distributed Generators (DG) actively controls and actively manages distributed resources by means of advanced information communication and power electronic technologies. Under extreme events, after large-scale faults occur, DGs accessed in the ADN can provide powerful support for normal power supply of partial loads, so that measures for improving elasticity of the power distribution network have breakthrough development. With the development of information communication technology, ADN gradually evolves to a power distribution network cyber-physical system (CPS) with information and power depth integrated. The CPS provides global information technology support, and simultaneously puts higher requirements on information reliability, and the dependence degree of an ADN power system on a communication system is gradually deepened along with the improvement of the permeability of new energy.
In recent years, certain research has been carried out on elasticity evaluation and elasticity improvement measures of power distribution networks at home and abroad. But the influence of communication system faults is not considered in the elastic lifting measure research aiming at the power distribution network. Extreme natural disasters such as typhoons, ice and snow have super-strong destructive power, can cause a power system and a communication system of the ADN to have multiple faults, and a power distribution communication network is far inferior to a power transmission communication network in the aspects of equipment quality and network redundancy structure. Under the fault of the communication system, a plurality of power nodes of the ADN lose observability and controllability, and the dispatching automation level is reduced; and because the topological structure of the power distribution network is radial, if a plurality of power faults occur on the same feeder line, the power fault location independent of a communication system is difficult. And the network frame reconstruction and the island formation in the fault recovery process depend on the dispatching automation of the communication system to the networking switch and the DG, and the optimized repair of the fault element depends on the positioning and the isolation of the communication system to the power fault. Thus, fault recovery of ADN after an extreme natural disaster includes recovery of power faults and communication faults, and power fault measures need to take into account the effects of communication system faults.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving one of the technical problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for repairing the power-communication fault of an active power distribution network under an extreme disaster, which comprises the following steps:
1) Updating the positioned fault set and the position of an emergency maintenance team, determining an information blind area, judging whether net rack reconstruction and island division can be carried out, if so, entering the next step;
2) Judging whether all faults are completely repaired or not, if so, finishing the whole process, and if not, calculating the load recovery value conversion values of the power and communication faults in the fault set, solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function, and performing unified distribution of the power and communication fault repair tasks;
3) Allocating the solved fault emergency repair tasks, dispatching emergency repair teams to carry out fault emergency repair, and turning to the step 1) after 1 fault is completed by emergency repair, so that the steps are circularly carried out until all power faults and communication faults are repaired.
Wherein, the fault set and the rush-repair team position that the update location goes out, confirm the information blind area, judge whether can carry out rack reconsitution and island division, if so, go on, reentry next step, include the following step:
1) Determining an information blind area according to the updated power and communication fault set: the power and communication faults caused by extreme natural disasters are mainly power line faults and optical fiber line faults respectively; at present, the functions of online monitoring and fault positioning display can be realized for the fault of the optical fiber circuit, and the fault state identification does not depend on a power system, so that the fault of the optical fiber circuit is known; when an optical fiber line fault occurs in the ADN, the communication unit connected with the ADN can be disconnected with the command center, so that partial nodes or areas of the power system lose monitoring and control functions, and the areas are information blind areas; the power nodes in the information blind area lose observability, the controllability of the nodes is lost due to the loss of the observability of the power nodes, and the power nodes at two ends of the power line have observability when the power nodes at two ends of the power line have observability;
2) After the information blind area is determined, judging whether a controllable tie switch or a non-intermittent DG meeting the operation condition exists outside the information blind area, and if so, carrying out network frame reconstruction and island division; if the power nodes at two ends or one end of the power line are positioned in the information blind area, the observability of the power line is lost, the command center cannot sense the running state of the power line, and the power line with unknown running state cannot be reconstructed; meanwhile, the controllability of the power node in the information blind area is lost, and then the DG and the interconnection switch connected with the power node are out of control, so that the grid frame reconstruction and the island division cannot be participated.
The method comprises the following steps of judging whether all faults are completely repaired or not, if all faults are repaired, finishing the whole process, and if not, calculating the load recovery value conversion values of the power and communication faults in the fault set, solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function, and performing unified distribution of the power and communication fault repair tasks, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) The fault recovery process of the ADN under the extreme natural disaster is from the fault recovery starting time to the fault recovery finishing time, reflects the capability of the post-disaster system to recover to a normal state, is one of important indexes of the elastic ADN, is called as fault recovery force, and is quantized to a fault recovery force index value GADN：
Wherein, t2For the failure recovery start time, T for the failure recovery time, F0For the normal load state of the system before the disaster, F (t) is the system function, LiIs the load on the power node i, A is the node set in the ADN system, DiIs electricityThe weight of the importance of the load on the force node i is determined by the importance of the user, Si,tFor the load supply state of the power node i at time t, Si,t=0 denotes that the load is in the power-off state, Si,t=1 represents that the load is in a power supply state;
load L of power node iiAnd load importance degree weight DiThe product of the two is defined as the load value of the power node i, the determination of the system fault resilience index value needs to calculate the load value after the power and communication fault are repaired and is called as the load recovery value, and the larger the load recovery value brought by the fault recovery after the ADN disaster is, the larger the F (t) value is, the G value isADNSmaller values indicate higher elasticity of the ADN, whereas lower elasticity;
2) The load recovery value for a power failure is translated as follows:
recording a non-intermittent DG with output residual power larger than the sum of the load of all nodes in an island and the load of any node on a power supply path after fault repair as a class I DG, recording a non-intermittent DG or an intermittent DG with output residual power smaller than the sum of the load of all nodes in the island and the load of any node on the power supply path after fault repair as a class II DG, recording a power node powered by a main network or the class I DG as a class E node after fault, recording a power node incapable of being powered by the main network or the class II DG as a class F node, and repairing the known load recovery value brought by a fault power line, namely the load recovery value of the fault of the power line, namely a load recovery value conversion value M of the fault of the power linet(k) Is calculated as
Where D is a set of known power line faults, Zk,tFor the node type condition at two ends of the fault power line k at the time t, if the node type at the two ends is an E-type-F-type combination, Zk,tThe value is 1, otherwise it is 0, LF,t(k) Is the sum of the non-failure zone load values, L, connected to class F nodesDG,t(k) Is LF,t(k) Sum of node load values, L, within medium DG islandE,t(k) For class E node side provisioningThe electric capacity is that case1 is the power supply condition of E type nodes from the main network, case2 is the power supply condition of E type nodes from I type DG, LupThe load value which can be recovered under case 2;
l is difficult to calculate under the information blind area caused by communication system faultF,t(k) Value, using calculation of L based on probability of failureF,t(k) The mathematical expectation value of (c) is as follows:
(1) setting the fault probability of the known normal operation power line as 0%, and obtaining the fault probability of the power line in the information blind area by the fault model;
(2) taking the F node as a root node, and modeling a downstream non-fault area of the F node into a tree-shaped multi-level branch;
(3) taking the F node as a starting node, calculating the probability of the fault of each power line on the level 1 branch circuit and the normal operation of the upstream line thereof and the load value of the power supply region under the condition section by section, recording the product of the probability and the load value as the mathematical expectation of the load value, calculating the mathematical expectation of the load value of each power line of the level 2 branch circuit under the normal operation of the level 1 branch circuit according to the calculation mode of the level 1 branch circuit, and calculating the load value to the last branch circuit L by analogy, wherein the L is the length of the branch circuit LF,t(k) The value is obtained by adding the load value mathematical expectation of each branch, and the calculation mode is
Wherein l (k) is the load value of the class F node, A1Is the number of the branch of level 1, B is the number of the power lines on the branch of level 1, Pb,aProbability that no fault occurs from the 1 st power line to the b th line on the branch a, pb+1A is the failure probability of the (b + 1) th power line, lb,aThe load value L of the power supply area under the condition that the 1 st electric line to the b th line are not in fault and the b +1 th electric line is in fault2,a(k) For level 2 branch load value mathematical expectation under level 1 branch a, L2,a(k) And Lh,t(k) The calculation methods are the same, and a step-by-step nesting mode is adopted;
3) The information blind area can be eliminated after the communication fault is repaired, the observability of the power system circuit in the information blind area, the controllability of the interconnection switch and the DG are further recovered, a new fault power circuit can be positioned, new net rack reconstruction and island formation can be carried out, indirect load recovery value is brought, and the load recovery value of the communication fault is converted as follows:
firstly, determining the power line number N for restoring observability after the communication fault j is repaired, generating a possible fault set K of N power lines, and then calculating a load restoration value conversion value M of the communication faultt(j) Is composed of
Where Z is the set of communication failures, Pc,tIs the probability of the fault c at time t, LR,c(j)、LI,c(j) Load recovery values brought by net rack reconstruction and island generation after the communication fault j is repaired are respectively obtained;
in order to avoid forming a ring network and the invalid action of the interconnection switch during the reconstruction of the net rack, the action conditions of the interconnection switch are as follows: an interconnection switch is arranged in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the types of power nodes on two sides of the interconnection switch are E-F combinations, so that the L-type communication switch meets the action condition of the interconnection switchR,c(j) The calculation method of (3) is the same as that of the formula (3); the conditions for island formation are: a non-intermittent DG exists in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the information blind area is not connected with a main network; satisfies L under the conditionI,c(j) Is calculated as
Wherein m is the number of power nodes capable of forming an island;
the main constraints are island radiation and power flow constraint, wherein the power flow constraint is
Wherein, PDGActive power output, P, of non-intermittent DG in an islandiActive power, P, for power node i in islandlossFor active power loss, ViIs the voltage amplitude of node i, Vimin、VimaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage at the node i, f is the island frequency, fmin、fmaxRespectively, a minimum value and a maximum value of the frequency;
4) Calculating the load recovery value conversion value of the known power and communication faults, solving an optimization objective function containing the load recovery value conversion value and the fault recovery time, and uniformly distributing power fault and communication fault repair tasks, wherein the fault first-aid repair task is distributed with the objective function of
Wherein x isrhIs a variable of 0-1, x if the rush-repair team r is dispatched to the fault hrh=1, if the crew r is rush-repairing the fault or is not dispatched to the fault h, xrhH is the known fault number, R is the number of rush-repair teams, trhWhen a fault h is rush-repaired for a rush-repair team r, t is the moment of allocating the fault rush-repair task, Mt(h) A load restoration value reduced value for the fault h; if M ist(h) The larger, trhThe smaller the value of the objective function, the smaller the system failure resilience index GADNSmaller values indicate higher elasticity of the ADN;
the main constraints are as follows:
(1) dispatch constraints for rush repairs: 1 team of salvageing can only be dispatched to 1 department trouble, and if 1 department trouble is salvageing, then do not participate in the task allocation of salvageing, if the trouble does not have team of salvageing to salvage, then 1 team of salvageing is distributed at most to indicate for the trouble
Wherein, yrhThe variable is 0-1, if the rush repair team r is rush repairing the fault h, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0;
(2) first-aid repair time constraint: if the rush-repair team r is not dispatched to the fault h, trhIs a maximum value, t if the rush repair team r is dispatched to the fault hrhBy the time T required to repair the fault hhThe time spent by the team r to arrive at the fault h and the remaining time between the completion time of the last fault and the task allocation time of the first-aid team r in the first-aid repair are represented as
Where ε is a sufficiently small positive number, drhThe distance between the rush-repair team and the fault h, v is the moving speed of the rush-repair team, Trh,v-1For the first-aid repair team r, the last fault completion time TvAnd distributing time for the task.
Wherein, by the trouble rush-repair task allocation of solving, dispatch and salvage the team and carry out trouble and salvage, salvage and turn to step 1) after 1 trouble of completion, so circulation goes on until accomplishing the restoration of all power failure and communication fault, specifically as follows:
distributing the solved fault first-aid repair tasks, dispatching a first-aid repair team to carry out fault first-aid repair, updating a power line fault set D after 1 fault is completed by first-aid repair, and calculating a load recovery value reduced value M of a fault ht(h) And solving the objective function again to perform a new round of fault emergency repair task distribution, and circularly performing the steps until all power faults and communication faults are repaired.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) According to the method for repairing the power-communication fault of the active power distribution network under the extreme disaster, the influence of the communication fault on the system fault recovery process is considered, the power fault and the communication fault are repaired in a unified mode, the elasticity of the active power distribution network can be improved, and the engineering practicability is good;
2) The load recovery value conversion method for the power and communication faults solves the problems that the load recovery value caused by power fault repair is difficult to calculate under the information blind area generated by the communication faults and the indirect load recovery value caused by the communication faults is difficult to quantitatively repair, and can quantitatively compare the load recovery values;
3) The emergency repair team task allocation optimization objective function containing the load recovery value conversion value and the fault recovery time comprehensively considers the fault recovery value, the fault recovery time and the relative position of the emergency repair team and the fault, allocates the emergency repair task with the minimum fault recovery index value under the current system condition as the target, and can effectively improve the elasticity of the active power distribution network.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an example topology of an IEEE33 node active distribution network power-communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a topological diagram of a fault scenario and information blind zone system formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of system function variation obtained under different repair strategies according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
A flow chart of steps of a method for repairing power-communication faults of an active power distribution network in an extreme disaster is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Updating the positioned fault set and the position of the rush-repair team, determining an information blind area, judging whether net rack reconstruction and island division can be carried out, if so, entering the next step;
2) Judging whether all the faults are completely repaired, if all the faults are completely repaired, finishing the whole process, and if not, calculating the load recovery value conversion values of the power and communication faults in the fault set, solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function, and performing unified distribution of the power and communication fault repair tasks;
3) Allocating the solved fault emergency repair tasks, dispatching emergency repair teams to carry out fault emergency repair, and turning to the step 1) after 1 fault is completed by emergency repair, and the steps are circularly carried out until all power faults and communication faults are repaired.
Wherein, the fault set and the rush-repair team position that the update location goes out, confirm the information blind area, judge whether can carry out rack reconsitution and island division, if so, go on, reentry next step, include the following step:
1) Determining an information blind area according to the updated power and communication fault set: the power and communication faults caused by extreme natural disasters are mainly power line faults and optical fiber line faults respectively; at present, the functions of on-line monitoring and fault location display can be realized for the fault of the optical fiber circuit, and the fault state identification does not depend on an electric power system, so that the fault of the optical fiber circuit is known; when an optical fiber line fault occurs in the ADN, the communication unit connected with the ADN can be disconnected with the command center, so that partial nodes or areas of the power system lose monitoring and control functions, and the areas are information blind areas; the power nodes in the information blind area lose observability, the controllability of the nodes is lost due to the loss of the observability of the power nodes, and the power nodes at two ends of the power line have observability when the power nodes at two ends of the power line have observability;
2) After the information blind area is determined, judging whether a controllable interconnection switch or a non-intermittent DG meeting the operation condition exists outside the information blind area, and if so, carrying out net rack reconstruction and island division; if the power nodes at two ends or one end of the power line are positioned in the information blind area, the observability of the power line is lost, the command center cannot sense the running state of the power line, and the power line with unknown running state cannot be reconstructed; meanwhile, the controllability of the power node in the information blind area is lost, and then the DG and the interconnection switch connected with the power node are out of control, so that the grid frame reconstruction and the island division cannot be participated.
Judging whether all faults are completely repaired, if all faults are completely repaired, finishing the whole process, and if not, calculating the load recovery value conversion values of the power faults and the communication faults in the fault set, solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function, and performing unified distribution of the power fault repair tasks and the communication fault repair tasks, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) The fault recovery process of the ADN under the extreme natural disaster is from the fault recovery starting time to the fault recovery finishing time, reflects the capability of the post-disaster system to recover to a normal state, is one of important indexes of the elastic ADN, is called as fault recovery force, and is quantized to a fault recovery force index value GADN：
Wherein, t2For the failure recovery start time, T for the failure recovery time, F0For the normal load state of the system before the disaster, F (t) is the system function, LiIs the load on the power node i, A is the node set in the ADN system, DiIs the weight of the importance of the load on the power node i, determined by the importance of the user, Si,tFor the load power supply state of the power node i at time t, Si,t=0 denotes that the load is in the power-off state, Si,t=1 represents that the load is in a power supply state;
load L of power node iiAnd load importance degree weight DiThe product of the two is defined as the load value of the power node i, the determination of the system fault recovery index value needs to calculate the load value after the power and communication fault are repaired and is called as the load recovery value, the load recovery value caused by the fault recovery after the ADN disaster is larger, and the larger the F (t) value is, the G isADNSmaller values indicate higher elasticity of the ADN, whereas lower elasticity;
2) The load recovery value for a power failure is translated as follows:
recording a non-intermittent DG with the output residual power larger than the sum of the load of all nodes in the island and the load of any node on a power supply path after fault restoration as a class I DG, recording a non-intermittent DG or an intermittent DG with the output residual power smaller than the sum of the load of all nodes in the island and the load of any node on the power supply path after fault restoration as a class II DG, recording a power node supplied by a main network or the class I DG after fault as a class E node, and recording the power node which cannot be supplied by the main networkThe power nodes powered by electricity or class II DGs are marked as class F nodes, and the load recovery value brought by repairing the known fault power line, namely the load recovery value equivalent M of the power line faultt(k) Is calculated as
Where D is a set of known power line faults, Zk,tFor the node type condition at two ends of the fault power line k at the time t, if the node type at the two ends is an E-F combination, Zk,tThe value is 1, otherwise it is 0, LF,t(k) Is the sum of the non-failure zone load values, L, connected to class F nodesDG,t(k) Is LF,t(k) Sum of node load values, L, in medium DG islandE,t(k) The power supply capacity of the E class node side is realized, case1 is the condition that the E class node is powered by a main network, case2 is the condition that the E class node is powered by a class I DG, and LupThe load value which can be recovered under case 2;
l is difficult to calculate under the information blind area caused by communication system faultF,t(k) Value, using calculation of L based on probability of failureF,t(k) The mathematical expectation value of (c) is as follows:
(1) setting the fault probability of the known normal operation power line as 0%, and obtaining the fault probability of the power line in the information blind area by the fault model;
(2) taking the F node as a root node, and modeling a downstream non-fault area of the F node into a tree-shaped multi-level branch;
(3) taking the F node as a starting node, calculating the probability of the fault of each power line on the 1-level branch and the normal operation of the upstream line thereof and the load value of the power supply region under the condition section by section, recording the product of the probability and the load value as the mathematical expectation of the load value, calculating the mathematical expectation of the load value of each power line of the 2-level branch under the normal operation of the 1-level branch according to the calculation mode of the 1-level branch, calculating the mathematical expectation of the load value of the last-level branch and L by analogy, and calculating the load value of the last-level branchF,t(k) The value is obtained by adding the load value mathematical expectation of each branch, and the calculation mode is
Wherein l (k) is the load value of the F-type node, A1Is the number of the branch of level 1, B is the number of the power lines on the branch of level 1, Pb,aThe probability that the 1 st power line on the branch a does not have fault to the b th line, pb+1A is the fault probability of the (b + 1) th power line, lb,aThe load value L of the power supply region under the condition that no fault occurs from the 1 st electric line to the b th line and the b +1 th electric line fails2,a(k) For level 2 branch load value mathematical expectation under level 1 branch a, L2,a(k) And Lh,t(k) The calculation methods are the same, and a step-by-step nesting mode is adopted;
3) The information blind area can be eliminated after the communication fault is repaired, the observability of the power system circuit in the information blind area, the controllability of the interconnection switch and the DG are further recovered, a new fault power circuit can be positioned, new net rack reconstruction and island formation can be carried out, indirect load recovery value is brought, and the load recovery value of the communication fault is converted as follows:
firstly, determining the number N of power lines with observability restored after the communication fault j is repaired, generating a possible fault set K of the N power lines, and then calculating a load restoration value conversion value M of the communication faultt(j) Is composed of
Where Z is the set of communication failures, Pc,tIs the probability of the fault c at time t, LR,c(j)、LI,c(j) Load recovery values brought by network frame reconstruction and island generation after the communication fault j is repaired are respectively obtained;
in order to avoid forming a ring network and invalid actions of the interconnection switch during the reconstruction of the net rack, the action conditions of the interconnection switch are as follows: an interconnection switch is arranged in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the types of power nodes on two sides of the interconnection switch are E-F combination, so that L is satisfied under the action condition of the interconnection switchR,c(j) The calculation method of (b) is the same as that of the formula (3); the conditions for island formation are: a non-intermittent DG exists in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the information blind area is not connected with a main network; satisfy L under the conditionI,c(j) Is calculated as
Wherein m is the number of power nodes capable of forming an island;
the main constraints are island radiation and power flow constraint, wherein the power flow constraint is
Wherein, PDGActive power output, P, of non-intermittent DG in an islandiActive power, P, for power node i in islandlossFor active power loss, ViIs the voltage amplitude of node i, Vimin、VimaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage at the node i, f is the island frequency, fmin、fmaxRespectively, a minimum value and a maximum value of the frequency;
4) Calculating the load recovery value conversion value of the known power and communication faults, solving an optimization objective function containing the load recovery value conversion value and the fault recovery time, and uniformly distributing power fault and communication fault repair tasks, wherein the distribution objective function of the fault first-aid repair task is
Wherein x isrhIs a variable of 0-1, x if the rush-repair team r is dispatched to the fault hrh=1, if the crew r is rush-repairing the fault or is not dispatched to the fault h, xrhH is the known fault number, R is the number of rush-repair teams, trhWhen a fault h is rush-repaired for a rush-repair team r, t is the moment of allocating the fault rush-repair task, Mt(h) For this reasonThe load recovery value of the barrier h is reduced; if M ist(h) The larger, trhThe smaller the value of the objective function, the smaller the system failure resilience index GADNSmaller values indicate higher elasticity of the ADN;
the main constraints are as follows:
(1) dispatch constraints for rush repairs: 1 team of salvageing can only be dispatched to 1 department trouble, and if 1 department trouble is salvageing, then do not participate in the task allocation of salvageing, if the trouble does not have team of salvageing to salvage, then 1 team of salvageing is allocated at most, shows as
Wherein, yrhThe variable is 0-1, if the rush-repair team r is rush-repairing the fault h, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0;
(2) first-aid repair time constraint: if the rush-repair team r is not dispatched to the fault h, then trhIs a maximum value, t if the rush-repair team r is assigned to the fault hrhBy the time T required to repair the fault hhThe time spent by the team r to arrive at the fault h and the remaining time between the completion time of the last fault and the task allocation time of the first-aid team r in the first-aid repair are represented as
Where ε is a sufficiently small positive number, drhThe distance between the rush-repair team and the fault h, v is the moving speed of the rush-repair team, Trh,v-1For the first-aid repair team r, the last fault completion time TvAnd allocating time for the task.
Wherein, by the trouble rush-repair task allocation of solving, dispatch and salvage the team and carry out trouble and salvage, salvage and turn to step 1) after 1 trouble of completion, so circulation goes on until accomplishing the restoration of all power failure and communication fault, specifically as follows:
allocating the solved fault first-aid repair tasks, dispatching a first-aid repair team to carry out fault first-aid repair, and completing 1 fault each timeThen, the power line fault set D needs to be updated, and the load recovery value conversion value M of the fault h is calculatedt(h) And solving the objective function again to perform a new round of fault emergency repair task distribution, and circularly performing the steps until all power faults and communication faults are repaired.
An example of an IEEE33 node ADN power-communication system is set, the topological structure is shown in figure 2, wherein lines 8-20, 12-22, 18-33 and 25-29 are respectively provided with interconnection switches SW1, SW2, SW3 and SW4, and power nodes 14 and 27 are connected into non-intermittently generated DG1 and DG2 to respectively provide active power of 360kW and 330 kW; the communication units corresponding to the power nodes and the interconnection switches are connected through optical fibers to form 4 subareas, and the communication units corresponding to the power nodes 2, 8, 15 and 30 are respectively paved with an optical fiber to be connected to the substation server to form a bus access network, and then an annular backbone network is formed; establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the position of the power node 1 as an origin, the direction of the power line 1-2 as an x axis and the direction of the power line 2-19 as a y axis; after natural disasters, ADN emergency repair resources are limited, 2 emergency repair teams are arranged at the position of an electric power node 8, the moving speed is 40km/h, and the time required for repairing faults of an electric power circuit and an optical fiber is 30min and 20min respectively; solving an objective function by adopting a CPLEX solver; the setting example system has 13 power line faults: under the condition of power system faults at lines 4-6, 11-12, 13-14, 2-20, 3-23, 6-26, 28-31, 32-33 and 13, a communication system is set to have 5 optical fiber line faults: 5-6 optical fibers, 9-10 optical fibers, 19-20 optical fibers, 29-30 optical fibers and a substation server-15.
Fig. 3 shows a fault scene and 5 information blind zones generated by the fault scene, where the coverage area of the information blind zone includes: the number of the power nodes 4, 5, 10-18, 20, 22 and 26-29 is 18, the number of the distributed power sources DG1 and DG2 is 2, and the number of the tie switches SW2-SW4 is 3; the information blind area causes that 8 power faults of the power lines 4-6, 11-12, 13-14, 19-20, 6-26 and 28-30 are not observable; DG1 and DG2 lose controllability and can not form an island; SW2, SW3 and SW4 lose controllability and cannot participate in net rack reconstruction; the observable power line faults are 5 in total, 2-19, 3-23, 24-25, 30-31, 32-33.
1) The load recovery value conversion method provided by the invention is adopted under the condition of example faults to obtainLoad recovery value conversion value M of communication fault and observable power fault during first-time distribution of first-aid repair taskt(j) As shown in table 1, the first-time allocation task obtained by using the method for allocating a rush-repair task based on the load restoration value conversion in table 1 is: the rush-repair team 1 is assigned to the faulty optical fiber line substation-15, and the rush-repair team 2 is assigned to the faulty optical fiber line 29-30.
TABLE 1 load recovery value conversion values for each fault at 1 st task assignment
2) The method for repairing the power and communication faults provided by the invention is adopted to repair the faults, the task allocation process of each emergency repair team in the repairing process is shown in table 2, the task with brackets in table 2 indicates that the team bearing the task is repairing the previous fault task, and the task is executed after the previous fault is repaired.
Table 2 task allocation for each emergency team
As can be seen from Table 2: (1) The task allocation can change along with the restoration of the observability of the power failure, and when the task is allocated for the 3 rd time, the failed optical fiber lines 29-30 are repaired by the team 2, so that the observability of the failed power lines 6-26 is restored, and the rush-repair tasks of the team 2 are changed from the power lines 3-23 to the power lines 6-26; (2) The assignment of tasks changes with the change of the reduced value of the restoration value of the fault load, and at the time of the 11 th assignment of tasks, the power supply of the load of the power node 30 is restored due to the repair of the faulty power line 29-30 by the team 2, and at this time, the reduced value of the restoration value of the load of the faulty power line 30-31 increases, so that the team 1 turns to the faulty power line 32-33 on the way to the faulty optical fiber line 9-10, and the emergency repair task of the team 2 is changed from the faulty power line 32-33 to the faulty power line 30-31.
3) Setting 3 different fault repair strategies, namely a strategy 1: observable electric powerThe faults are repaired in sequence from the upstream, and the communication fault which can eliminate the upstream-most information blind area is repaired preferentially under the condition that all the power faults can be observed to be repaired; strategy 2: preferentially repairing communication faults with high load recovery value, and sequentially repairing power faults from upstream after all the communication faults are repaired; strategy 3: the invention provides a power-communication multi-fault unified repair method; when t =0min is set, the emergency team starts to carry out emergency repair on the fault, and a system function F (t) obtained by adopting 3 different fault repair strategies under a fault scene 1 is shown in FIG. 4, wherein F is1(t)、F2(t)、F3And (t) respectively represents system function functions under the fault repair strategies 1, 2 and 3.
As can be seen from fig. 4: (1) Failure resilience index value G of failure recovery strategies 1, 2 and 3ADN8936, 5372 and 4139 respectively, which show that the ADN elasticity obtained by the power-communication multi-fault unified repair method provided by the invention under the same fault scene is highest; (2) When t = 0-40 min, F2(t)、F3A significant increase in the value of (t), F1The value of (t) is not obviously increased, because the strategy 2 and the strategy 3 repair the fault optical fiber 29-30 and the substation-15, the DG1 and the nodes 26-28, and the DG2 and the nodes 14-18 respectively form isolated island operation, so that more loads are recovered for power supply; when t = 40-70 min, F3A significant increase in the value of (t), F2The value of (t) is not increased, because the strategy 3 repairs the faulty power lines 2-19 and 6-26, the repair of the faulty lines 6-26 enlarges the island range carried by the DG1, the nodes 6, 7 and 8 recover power supply, and the strategy 2 repairs the faulty optical fibers 19-20, 4-5 and 9-10, and the power nodes do not recover power supply; f when t = 120-150 min2(t) has a significantly increased value and exceeds F for a period of time3(t), because the communication faults are completely repaired by the strategy 2, the observability of all power faults and the controllability of the interconnection switches are restored, and the restoration power supply of a large number of node loads is brought; the effectiveness of the method provided by the embodiment of the invention is verified through the results and analysis.
Claims (2)
1. The method for repairing the power-communication fault of the active power distribution network under the extreme disaster is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Updating the positioned fault set and the position of the rush-repair team, determining an information blind area, judging whether net rack reconstruction and island division can be carried out, if so, entering the next step;
2) Judging whether all faults are completely repaired or not, if so, finishing the whole process, otherwise, calculating the load recovery value conversion values of the power and communication faults in the fault set, solving a fault first-aid repair task distribution objective function, and performing unified distribution of the power and communication fault repair tasks, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Calculating a load recovery value conversion value of the power failure:
recording a non-intermittent DG with output residual power larger than the sum of the load of all nodes in an island and the load of any node on a power supply path after fault repair as a class I DG, recording a non-intermittent DG or an intermittent DG with output residual power smaller than the sum of the load of all nodes in the island and the load of any node on the power supply path after fault repair as a class II DG, recording a power node powered by a main network or the class I DG as a class E node after fault, recording a power node incapable of being powered by the main network or the class II DG as a class F node, and repairing the known load recovery value brought by a fault power line, namely the load recovery value of the fault of the power line, namely a load recovery value conversion value M of the fault of the power linet(k) Is calculated as
Where D is a set of known power line faults, Zk,tFor the node type condition at two ends of the fault power line k at the time t, if the node type at the two ends is an E-F combination, Zk,tThe value is 1, otherwise it is 0F,t(k) Is the sum of the non-fault area load values, L, connected to the class F nodesDG,t(k) Is LF,t(k) Sum of node load values, L, within medium DG islandE,t(k) For the power supply capacity of the class E node side, case1 is the condition that the class E node is supplied with power by a main network, and case2 is the condition that the class I node is supplied to the class E nodeDG supply situation, LupThe load value which can be recovered under case 2;
l is difficult to calculate under the information blind area caused by communication system faultF,t(k) Value, using calculation of L based on probability of failureF,t(k) The mathematical expectation of (a) is specifically as follows:
(1) the fault probability of the known normal operation power line is set to be 0%, and the fault probability of the power line in the information blind area is obtained through the fault model;
(2) taking the F node as a root node, and modeling a downstream non-fault area of the F node into a tree-shaped multi-level branch;
(3) taking the F node as a starting node, calculating the probability of the fault of each power line on the 1-level branch and the normal operation of the upstream line thereof and the load value of the power supply region under the condition section by section, recording the product of the probability and the load value as the mathematical expectation of the load value, calculating the mathematical expectation of the load value of each power line of the 2-level branch under the normal operation of the 1-level branch according to the calculation mode of the 1-level branch, calculating the mathematical expectation of the load value of the last-level branch and L by analogy, and calculating the load value of the last-level branchF,t(k) The value is obtained by adding the load value mathematical expectation of each branch, and the calculation mode is
Wherein l (k) is the load value of the class F node, A1Is the number of the branch of level 1, B is the number of the power lines on the branch of level 1, Pb,aProbability that no fault occurs from the 1 st power line to the b th line on the branch a, pb+1A is the fault probability of the (b + 1) th power line, lb,aThe load value L of the power supply area under the condition that the 1 st electric line to the b th line are not in fault and the b +1 th electric line is in fault2,a(k) Mathematical expectation for the load value of a branch of level 2 under level 1, L2,a(k) And Lh,t(k) The calculation methods are the same, and a step-by-step nesting mode is adopted;
(2) Calculating a load recovery value conversion value of the communication fault:
firstly, the communication fault j is determined to be recovered after being repairedThe number N of observable power lines, a possible fault set K of the N power lines is generated, and then a load recovery value conversion value M of the communication fault is calculatedt(j) Is composed of
Where Z is the set of communication failures, Pc,tProbability of failure c, L, at time tR,c(j)、LI,c(j) Load recovery values brought by network frame reconstruction and island generation after the communication fault j is repaired are respectively obtained;
in order to avoid forming a ring network and the invalid action of the interconnection switch during the reconstruction of the net rack, the action conditions of the interconnection switch are as follows: an interconnection switch is arranged in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the type of the power nodes on two sides of the interconnection switch is an E-type-F-type combination; satisfy L under the condition of interconnection switch actionR,c(j) Is calculated byF,t(k) The calculation is the same; the conditions for island formation are: a non-intermittent DG exists in an information blind area caused by the communication fault j, and the information blind area is not connected with a main network; satisfies L under the conditionI,c(j) Is calculated as
Wherein m is the number of power nodes capable of forming an island;
the main constraints are island radiation and power flow constraint, wherein the power flow constraint is
Wherein, PDGActive power output, P, of non-intermittent DG in an islandiActive power, P, of power node i in islandlossFor active loss, ViIs the voltage amplitude of node i, Vimin、VimaxRespectively the minimum value and the maximum value of the voltage at the node i, and f is an arcIsland frequency, fmin、fmaxRespectively, the minimum value and the maximum value of the frequency are constrained;
(3) Solving an optimization objective function containing a load recovery value reduced value and fault recovery time, and uniformly distributing power fault and communication fault repair tasks, wherein the fault first-aid repair task is distributed with an objective function of
Wherein x isrhIs a variable of 0-1, x if the rush-repair team r is assigned to the fault hrh=1, if the crew r is rush-repairing the fault or is not dispatched to the fault h, xrh=0, H is known fault number, R is rush-repair team number, trhWhen a fault h is salvageed for a salvage team r, t is the moment of distribution of a fault salvage task, Mt(h) A load restoration value reduced value for the fault h;
the main constraints are as follows:
(1) dispatch constraints for rush repairs: 1 team of salvageing can only be dispatched to 1 department trouble, and if 1 department trouble is salvageing, then do not participate in the task allocation of salvageing, if the trouble does not have team of salvageing to salvage, then 1 team of salvageing is allocated at most, shows as
Wherein, yrhThe variable is 0-1, if the rush-repair team r is rush-repairing the fault h, the value is 1, otherwise, the value is 0;
(2) first-aid repair time constraint: if the rush-repair team r is not dispatched to the fault h, trhIs a maximum value, t if the rush-repair team r is assigned to the fault hrhBy the time T required to repair the fault hhThe time spent by the team r for going to the fault h and the remaining time from the completion time of the last fault to the task allocation time of the first-aid team r are expressed as
Where ε is a sufficiently small positive number, drhThe distance between the rush-repair team and the fault h, v is the moving speed of the rush-repair team, Trh,v-1For the first-aid repair team r, the last fault completion time TvDistributing time for the task;
3) Allocating the solved fault emergency repair tasks, dispatching emergency repair teams to carry out fault emergency repair, and turning to the step 1) after 1 fault is completed by emergency repair, and the steps are circularly carried out until all power faults and communication faults are repaired.
2. The method for repairing the power-communication fault of the active power distribution network under the extreme disaster condition according to claim 1, wherein the step of determining the information blind area comprises the following steps of:
determining an information blind area according to the updated power and communication fault set: the power and communication faults caused by extreme natural disasters are mainly power line faults and optical fiber line faults respectively; at present, the functions of on-line monitoring and fault location display can be realized for the fault of the optical fiber circuit, and the fault state identification does not depend on an electric power system, so that the fault of the optical fiber circuit is known; when an optical fiber line fault occurs in the ADN, the communication unit connected with the ADN can be disconnected with the command center, so that partial nodes or areas of the power system lose monitoring and control functions, and the areas are information blind areas; the power nodes in the information blind area lose observability, the node loses controllability due to the loss of observability of the power nodes, and the power nodes at two ends of the power line are observable when the power nodes at two ends of the power line are observable.
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