CN115395779A - Boost converter multi-mode switching control method - Google Patents

Boost converter multi-mode switching control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115395779A
CN115395779A CN202210816868.3A CN202210816868A CN115395779A CN 115395779 A CN115395779 A CN 115395779A CN 202210816868 A CN202210816868 A CN 202210816868A CN 115395779 A CN115395779 A CN 115395779A
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switching
boost converter
load
dcm
ccm
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陈章勇
刘海峰
陈勇
肖方波
李猛
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/157—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators with digital control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides switching control under different operation modes based on natural tracks, which belongs to the technical field of power electronics. The invention aims to provide a constant mode switching control algorithm for a Boost converter, so that the Boost converter can realize different operation modes at the fastest speed in the two modes of switching from Discontinuous Conduction (DCM) to Continuous Conduction (CCM) and switching from the Continuous Conduction (CCM) to the Discontinuous Conduction (DCM).

Description

Boost converter multi-mode switching control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a switching control method for different operation modes of a Boost converter.
Background
In recent years, fuel cells have been widely used in the power supply industry because of their portability, but fuel cells have a typical current-voltage characteristic in which their output voltage varies according to a change in output current, and thus, a DCDC converter is required in order to adjust their output voltage. It is known that DCDC converters can operate not only in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) but also in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). But different modes of operation can cause the dynamics of the boost converter in the frequency domain to vary significantly. Therefore, to ensure stable operation of the boost converter, a low bandwidth voltage mode control is typically designed to address this problem.
Currently, the research on the DCDC converter for different operation modes is mainly divided into two ideas. One is that the DCDC converter running in DCM takes the reduced order model and the full order model of the DCDC converter into consideration for average modeling, so as to unify the DCDC converter under different operation modes into an average state space model; another method is to design different control algorithms to implement switching of different operation modes of the DCDC converter, and the commonly used switching algorithms include: designing an adaptive tuning algorithm of the digital voltage mode controller to realize switching from DCM to CCM; designing mixed-mode predictive current control in a single-phase boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter; and designing schemes such as nonlinear average current control in a DCM mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The methods proposed above can realize fast switching of different operation modes, and improve switching speed, but all require complex analog circuits as support. Therefore, in order to realize all-digital switching under different operation modes, a boost converter multi-mode switching control method is provided. In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the switching control method for different operation modes of the boost converter comprises the following steps:
step 1, judging the change of a circuit of a Boost converter between a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) and a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) according to the size of a load, and entering step 2 if the DCM is switched to the CCM in the load jump process; otherwise, if the CCM is switched to the DCM, entering the step 3;
step 2, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the DCM to the CCM mode due to the load jump, the switching of the operation mode is realized through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law;
step 3, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the CCM to the DCM according to the load jump, the switching of the operation mode is realized through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law;
further, the topology of the Boost converter includes: the circuit comprises an inductor (L), a capacitor (C), a switching tube (S1) and a diode (D1); the drain electrode of the switching tube (S1) is connected with one end of the inductor, and the source electrode of the switching tube (S1) is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply; the anode of the diode (D1) is connected with one end of the inductor and the drain of the switch tube (S1), the cathode of the diode (D1) is connected with one end of the output capacitor (C), and the other end of the output capacitor (C) is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply.
Further, the output voltage of the Boost converter cannot be negative due to the presence of diodes in the circuit topology.
Further, the Boost converter can operate in both Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM).
Further, the control method is suitable for the condition that the load disturbance is small, namely the disturbance enables the output voltage of the converter not to be 0.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the switching control in different operation modes based on the natural track is realized by using the state plane analysis to realize the on-off operation of the switching tube, so that the boost converter realizes the switching in different operation modes at the highest speed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a simplified circuit schematic of a Boost converter;
wherein, (a) is a topology structure chart; (b) turning on an equivalent circuit diagram for the switching tube; and (c) is an equivalent circuit diagram of the switch tube.
Fig. 2 is a normalized trace diagram of the turn-on and turn-off of a switching tube MOSFET in a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) of a Boost converter.
Fig. 3 is a normalized trace diagram of the turn-on and turn-off of the MOSFET of the switching tube of the Boost converter in a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM).
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the control method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a simplified optimal time dynamics control diagram of the present invention for a Boost converter switching from DCM to CCM;
wherein, (a) is a phase trace diagram of output voltage and inductive current, (b) is an output voltage waveform, and (c) is an inductive current waveform.
FIG. 6 is a simplified optimal time dynamics control diagram of the present invention for switching a Boost converter from CCM mode to DCM mode;
wherein, (a) is a trace diagram of output voltage and inductive current, (b) is an output voltage waveform, and (c) is an inductive current waveform.
Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of output voltage and inductor current of two-stage switching control based on natural locus when the Boost converter switches from the DCM mode to the CCM mode.
FIG. 8 is a simulation diagram of the output voltage and the variation of the inductor current waveform when the Boost converter switches from the CCM mode to the DCM mode by using the control method of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
The control method is designed for a Boost converter with a non-minimum phase (NMP) system, and a simplified circuit schematic diagram of the Boost converter is shown in figure 1. The circuit topology structure is as shown in fig. 1 (a), and includes: the circuit comprises an inductor (L), a capacitor (C), a switching tube (S1) and a diode (D1); the drain electrode of the switching tube (S1) is connected with one end of the inductor, and the source electrode of the switching tube (S1) is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply; the anode of the diode (D1) is connected with one end of the inductor and the drain of the switching tube (S1), the cathode of the diode (D1) is connected with one end of the output capacitor (C), and the other end of the output capacitor (C) is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply; the output capacitor (C) is connected with the load (R) in parallel. Fig. 1 (b) and fig. 1 (c) are equivalent circuit diagrams of switching on or off of the switching tube MOSFET, respectively. When the switch tube MOSFET is switched on, the inductor current stores energy, and when the switch tube MOSFET is switched off, the energy stored in the inductor is transmitted to a load.
For the above-described transformer, in order to eliminate the dimension of the state variable to obtain generality, the variable is subjected to normalization processing,
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000021
t n ＝t*f o wherein V is r Is a reference voltage, f o In order to be the natural frequency of the frequency,
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000022
l and C are inductance and capacitance, respectively, Z o In order to be the characteristic impedance,
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000023
measuring the operation of the step-up transformer in different operation modes depends on the comparison of the load resistance and the critical resistance; and the critical resistance is defined as:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000024
where L is the inductance value, D is the duty cycle, ts is the switching frequency; if the load resistance R is greater than R crit If the voltage of the boost converter is higher than the first threshold voltage, the boost converter works in a DCM mode; otherwise, the CCM mode is operated.
When the boost converter operates in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), with the switching transistor on (u = 1) and off (u = 0) (u refers to the state of the MOSFET switching transistor, which is also the control input to the system), the state equations for the inductor current and the output voltage according to KCL and KVL laws are as follows,
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000031
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000032
wherein, V cc Is the input voltage, i L Is the inductive current, v o Is the output voltage;
assuming that no power loss occurs during the operation of the Boost converter, the input power is equal to the output power, and the load line is defined as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000033
when the target operating voltage (output voltage equal to desired voltage) is normalized, the result is v on,t arget ＝1，
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000034
The target operating point of the converter is (v) on,target ,i Ln,target ) The determination can be made according to (3) and (4).
Obtaining the phase tracks of the normalized inductive current and the output voltage by the ordinary differential equation when the switching tube is switched on and off at the target working point:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000035
wherein, when u =0, the phase locus of the inductor current and the output voltage is (V) ccn ,i on ) As a circle center, with a desired working point
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000036
To the center of a circle (V) ccn ,i on ) A circle with a radius; and u =1, the phase locus of the inductor current and the output voltage is the passing point
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000037
Has a slope of
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000038
Is measured. As shown in fig. 2, the switching-on and switching-off tracks of the Boost converter are tangent at the target working point, and ideally, when the system reaches a steady state, the Boost converter performs high-frequency switching-on and switching-off near the target working point.
Similarly, when the boost converter operates in discontinuous conductionIn the conduction mode (DCM), in contrast to the Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), the diode conduction phase D means that the inductor current reaches zero (i) for a certain period of time within the switching cycle L (t) = 0) when the switch is in an off state. The state equation of the output voltage and the inductor current in this time period is:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000041
so in DCM, the normalized phase locus of the inductor current and the output voltage is shown in fig. 3.
The method for controlling the switching of the different operation modes of the boost converter is shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, judging the change of a circuit of a Boost converter between a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) and a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) according to the size of a load, and entering step 2 if the DCM is switched to the CCM in the load jump process; otherwise, if the CCM is switched to the DCM, entering the step 3;
step 2, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the DCM to the CCM mode due to the load jump, the switching of the operation mode is realized through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law;
as shown in fig. 5.A, when the boost converter switches from DCM to CCM, the operating point 3 is the next-time steady-state point, and the operating point 1 is the initial state point of the load jump process, which is also the last-time steady-state operating point. In order to comprehensively consider two indexes of voltage undershoot and recovery time, a transient operating point 2' is selected from the operating points 1 and 3. According to the derived on-off tracks of the boost converter in the previous section, the on-off tracks at the working point 3 are respectively:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000042
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000043
wherein i on3 Is the load current at operating point 3.
Based on the analysis of the above theory, we give the control law of switching from DCM to CCM:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000044
fig. 5.a shows phase trace diagrams of the inductor current and the output voltage during dynamic switching of the boost converter from DCM to CCM operation mode, and fig. 5.b and 5.c show schematic diagrams of the output voltage and inductor current, respectively, as a function of time.
Step 3, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the CCM to the DCM according to the load jump, the switching of the operation mode is realized through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law; the specific process is shown in fig. 6:
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the switching control of the present invention when the boost converter switches from CCM mode to DCM mode, and the operating point 3 is a known expected target operating point at light load, so the on and off traces of its operating point at light load are respectively:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000045
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000046
based on the above theoretical analysis, we can obtain that the control law when the boost converter switches from the CCM mode to the DCM mode is:
Figure RE-GDA0003908678450000051
example 1
The control method of the invention is adopted to carry out control simulation on the Boost converter, and when the circuit parameters of the converter are shown in the table 1.
Simulations of the voltage change from 0.25A to 2A (DCM to CCM) and inductor current are shown in fig. 7, from which it can be seen that the output voltage dynamic recovery time is approximately 6ms when the load transitions from 2.5A to 5A. Reaching a desired operating point of the output voltage; simulations of the voltage change from 2A to 0.25A (CCM to DCM) and inductor current are shown in fig. 8, from which it can be seen that the output voltage dynamic recovery time is about 0.4ms. The desired operating point of the output voltage is reached and the voltage overshoot maximum is around 50.2V with a voltage deviation of around 0.2V. By combining the above analysis methods, we find that switching control in different operation modes based on natural trajectories, which is proposed herein, realizes switching on and off operations of a switching tube by using state plane analysis, so that a boost converter realizes switching in different operation modes at the fastest speed.
TABLE 1
Parameter(s) Value of
V cc 25V
V o 50V
f s 25KHz
L 310μH
C 33μF
D 0.5
R 200Ω
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (5)

1. Control of switching of a boost converter in different operating modes, comprising the steps of:
step 1, judging the change of a circuit of a Boost converter between a Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) and a Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) according to the size of a load, and entering step 2 if the DCM is switched to the CCM in the load jump process; otherwise, if the CCM is switched to the DCM, entering the step 3;
step 2, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the DCM to the CCM mode due to the load jump, the switching of the operation mode is realized through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law;
and 3, when the operation mode of the boost converter is switched from the CCM to the DCM due to the load jump, switching the operation mode through one-time switching-on and switching-off according to a designed switching control law.
2. Switching control in different operation modes according to claim 1, characterized in that the topology of the Boost converter comprises: the circuit comprises an inductor, a capacitor, a switching tube and a diode; the drain electrode of the switching tube is connected with one end of the inductor, and the source electrode of the switching tube is connected with the negative electrode of the input power supply; the anode of the diode is connected with one end of the inductor and the drain of the switching tube, the cathode of the diode is connected with one end of the output capacitor, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the cathode of the power supply.
3. Switching control in different operating modes according to claim 1, characterized in that the output voltage of the Boost converter cannot be negative.
4. Switching control in different operation modes according to claim 1, characterized in that the operation mode of the Boost converter during steady state can be operated in continuous conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode depending on the load.
5. Switching control in different operating modes according to claim 1, characterized in that the load disturbance causes the output voltage of the converter to be different from 0, irrespective of the light-load-to-load or load-to-light-load variation.
CN202210816868.3A 2022-07-12 2022-07-12 Boost converter multi-mode switching control method Pending CN115395779A (en)

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