CN115395187A - Self-protection system of electric automobile power battery and electric automobile power battery - Google Patents
Self-protection system of electric automobile power battery and electric automobile power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN115395187A CN115395187A CN202110571632.3A CN202110571632A CN115395187A CN 115395187 A CN115395187 A CN 115395187A CN 202110571632 A CN202110571632 A CN 202110571632A CN 115395187 A CN115395187 A CN 115395187A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010029216 Nervousness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003031 high energy carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
- H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
Abstract
The invention discloses a self-protection system of an electric automobile power battery and the electric automobile power battery, wherein the power battery comprises a hollow battery shell and a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in the battery shell and connected in series; the self-protection system comprises: the battery module control unit, the detection unit which is respectively arranged at the bottom of each battery module and is positioned in the battery shell, and the short-circuit device which is respectively arranged outside each battery module; the battery module control unit is respectively connected with each detection unit and each short-circuit device; the battery module control unit determines a corresponding damaged battery module in the battery modules according to the detection result of the detection unit, generates a damaged signal and sends the damaged signal to a corresponding short-circuit device; and the corresponding short-circuit device enables the corresponding damaged battery module to be short-circuited according to the received damaged signal. Therefore, the thermal runaway of the extruded battery module due to continuous power supply is avoided, and sudden power interruption can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a self-protection system of an electric automobile power battery and the electric automobile power battery.
Background
In recent years, electric vehicles have become the key direction of government development in our country due to the influence of many factors such as energy safety, environmental protection, technical progress, and industry upgrade. However, statistically, more than 50% of new energy vehicle accidents are associated with power battery systems. The power battery system is a high-energy carrier, and the stability, reliability and safety of the power battery system determine the reliability and safety of the whole vehicle to a great extent. Among many factors of power battery system faults, a battery pack is impacted by the bottom, so that a module is easily ignited and exploded, and adverse consequences are brought, for example, in 2019, 4 and 20 days, an ES8 is repaired at a network point, a repair project does not relate to a chassis, and chassis detection is not carried out on a rack. The repair was completed on day 21 and the vehicle started to fire on the afternoon day 22. The ministry of the kingdom of the leo reached a preliminary conclusion by investigation: the chassis of the vehicle is seriously impacted before repair, so that the shell at the left rear part of the power battery pack and the cooling plate are deformed in a large area. The internal structure of the battery pack forms a short circuit after a period of time in an extruded state, and finally a fire is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, all battery modules are easy to be short-circuited due to bottom impact on a battery, so that the battery is ignited and exploded. The invention provides a self-protection system of an electric automobile power battery and the electric automobile power battery.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric automobile, wherein the power battery comprises a hollow battery shell and a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in the battery shell and connected in series; the self-protection system comprises: the battery module control unit, a plurality of detection units which are respectively arranged at the bottom of each battery module and are positioned in the battery shell, and a plurality of short-circuit devices which are respectively arranged outside each battery module; the battery module control unit is respectively connected with each detection unit and each short-circuit device; the battery module control unit determines corresponding damaged battery modules in the battery modules according to the detection result of the detection unit, generates damaged signals and sends the damaged signals to corresponding short-circuit devices; and the corresponding short-circuit device is electrically connected with the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the corresponding damaged battery module according to the received damaged signal so as to short-circuit the corresponding damaged battery module.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of battery module series connection receive the impact when one of them or a plurality of battery module's bottom, lead to battery module to receive the extrusion, even by impaling and when impaired, battery module the control unit confirms the impaired battery module of corresponding among the battery module and generates impaired signal according to the testing result of the detecting element who sets up bottom battery module, can pinpoint impaired battery module position like this. In addition, battery module the control unit sends impaired signal to the short-circuiting device of impaired correspondence of battery module, the short-circuiting device that corresponds receives behind the impaired signal and is connected with the battery module electricity at the adjacent both ends of the impaired battery module that corresponds, can make automatically by the extruded battery module short circuit, but keep the route of other battery modules, make power battery package still exportable power in the short time, both avoided being extruded battery module like this to lead to thermal runaway because of the continuous power supply, can avoid again because of power interrupt suddenly, lead to the vehicle to take place bad accidents such as collision.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric vehicle, wherein each detection unit comprises a resistance wire and a resistance element; the resistance wire of each detection unit is laid at the bottom of the corresponding battery module, one end of the resistance wire of each detection unit is connected with the battery module control unit through the corresponding resistance element, and the other end of the resistance wire of each detection unit is also connected with the battery module control unit.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, a plurality of battery module series connection and every detecting element's resistance wire lay in the bottom of a corresponding battery module, the both ends of every detecting element's resistance wire all are connected with battery module the control unit, receive the impact when the bottom of one or more battery module wherein, lead to the resistance wire fracture of battery module bottom, battery module the control unit confirms the position of the impaired battery module of correspondence in the battery module and generates impaired signal according to the resistance of cracked resistance wire.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric vehicle, wherein each short-circuit device comprises a conducting rod arranged at the outer side of the upper part of each battery module, two slip ring guide rods respectively and symmetrically arranged at two ends of each battery module, and two sliding assemblies respectively and symmetrically arranged at two ends of each battery module; one ends of the two slip ring guide rods are connected through the conducting rods, and the other ends of the two slip ring guide rods are connected with the battery module; each slip ring guide rod comprises a first conductive part, a second conductive part and an insulating part arranged between the first conductive part and the second conductive part; one end of the second conductive part, which is far away from the first conductive part, is connected with the conductive rod, and one end of the first conductive part, which is far away from the second conductive part, is connected with the battery module; and the sliding assembly arranged at the same end of the battery module is in sliding connection with the slip ring guide rod so as to enable the sliding assembly to be connected with the first conducting part or the second conducting part or the insulating part. And the two sliding assemblies of the damaged battery module receive the damaged signal and respectively slide to the positions connected with the corresponding second conductive parts according to the damaged signal, so that the conductive rod of the damaged battery module, the two slip ring guide rods, the two sliding assemblies and the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected, and the damaged battery module is short-circuited.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the damaged battery module receives a damaged signal sent by the battery module control unit, the two sliding assemblies corresponding to the damaged battery module slide to the second conductive parts of the corresponding slip ring guide rods, the conductive rods, the two slip ring guide rods, the two sliding assemblies and the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected, and the damaged battery module is in short circuit.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile disclosed by the embodiment of the invention is characterized in that each sliding assembly comprises a sliding ring, a sliding ring plunger, an explosion wire, a plunger cavity and a gas generator; the two ends of the battery module are respectively provided with a groove, and the grooves form plunger cavities; the slip ring plunger is arranged in the plunger cavity and is in sliding connection with the plunger cavity; the slip ring is arranged at one end, close to the slip ring guide rod, of the slip ring plunger, the slip ring is provided with a through hole, the slip ring guide rod penetrates through the through hole and is in sliding connection with the slip ring through the through hole, and therefore the through hole of the slip ring is connected with the first conducting part, the second conducting part or the insulating part; the detonation wire is arranged inside the slip ring plunger, penetrates through the slip ring plunger and is connected with the slip ring and the bottom of the slip ring plunger; the gas generator is arranged at one end, far away from the slip ring, of the ignition wire, arranged in the plunger cavity and located outside the slip ring plunger. The gas generator of the damaged battery module is used for receiving a damaged signal, and the gas generator corresponding to the damaged signal is detonated to push the corresponding slip ring plunger to slide so that the through hole of the corresponding slip ring is connected with the corresponding second conductive part, and the conductive rod of the damaged battery module, the slip ring guide rod, the slip ring and the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected so that the damaged battery module is short-circuited.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the damaged battery module receives a damaged signal sent by the battery module control unit, the respective gas generators of the two sliding assemblies corresponding to the damaged battery module are detonated, the gas pressure in the plunger cavity is increased, and the corresponding sliding ring plunger is pushed to slide, so that the corresponding through hole is connected with the corresponding second conductive part, the conductive rod, the sliding ring guide rod, the sliding ring and the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected, and the damaged battery module is in short circuit.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention discloses a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric vehicle, each sliding assembly further comprises an elastic element, the elastic element is arranged inside the plunger cavity and is positioned at the outer side of the slip ring plunger close to the gas generator; one end of the elastic element is connected with the bottom of the slip ring plunger, and the other end of the elastic element is connected with the bottom of the plunger cavity.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the gas generator is detonated, the air pressure in the plunger cavity is increased, the corresponding slip ring plunger is pushed to slide, the elastic element is driven to stretch, and the pulled elastic element has restoring force and can adjust the slip ring plunger to slide, so that the slip ring is stably contacted with the second conductive part of the slip ring guide rod.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle disclosed by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a pressure balance cavity and a pressure release valve, wherein the pressure balance cavity is arranged on one side of the plunger cavity, and the pressure balance cavity is connected with the plunger cavity through the pressure release valve.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the gas generator is detonated, the air pressure in the plunger cavity is increased to push the corresponding slip ring plunger to slide, and a certain amount of air is released to the pressure balance cavity through the pressure release valve to adjust the air pressure in the plunger cavity, so that the slip ring is further in stable contact with the second conductive part of the slip ring guide rod.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the detection unit of the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle disclosed by the embodiment of the invention further comprises solid glue, the bottom of the battery module is connected with the battery shell through the solid glue, and the resistance wire is arranged inside the solid glue.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme, battery module's bottom is through solid glue and battery case fixed connection, avoids at electric automobile driving in-process, and battery module rocks and causes the damage inside battery case. The resistance wire is arranged in the solid glue, so that the resistance wire can be prevented from being broken when slightly impacted.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the self-protection system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a transformer, wherein one end of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power battery; the other end of the transformer is connected with the battery module control unit.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the transformer receives the damaged signals sent by the battery module control unit, the output voltage of the power battery can be adjusted according to the number of the damaged battery modules which are short-circuited, so that the power battery still has stable voltage output in a short time after part of the battery modules are damaged.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the self-protection system for the power battery of the electric vehicle disclosed by the embodiment of the invention further comprises a conductive cord, and one ends of the explosion lines of two adjacent battery modules, which are close to the slip ring, are connected through the conductive cord.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two adjacent battery modules are connected in series through the conductive flexible wires, and the structure is simple.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses an electric automobile power battery, which comprises: the invention further discloses a self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile, and the self-protection system comprises a hollow battery shell, a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in the battery shell and connected in series, and a self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile; the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile is electrically connected with each battery module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric automobile, wherein a plurality of battery modules are connected in series, when the bottom of one or more battery modules is impacted, the battery modules are extruded and even pierced to be damaged, and a battery module control unit determines the corresponding damaged battery module in the battery modules according to the detection result of a detection unit arranged at the bottom of the battery modules and generates a damage signal, so that the position of the damaged battery module can be accurately positioned. In addition, battery module the control unit will be impaired signal transmission to the short-circuit device of impaired battery module's correspondence, the short-circuit device that corresponds receives behind the impaired signal with the adjacent both ends of the impaired battery module electricity of correspondence not damaged battery module electricity be connected, can make automatically that receive extruded battery module short circuit, but keep the route of other battery modules, make power battery package still exportable power in the short time, both avoided receiving extruded battery module like this to lead to the thermal runaway because of lasting the power supply, can avoid again because of power interrupt suddenly, lead to the vehicle to take place the bad accident such as collision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of a self-protection system of a power battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle power battery and a self-protection system thereof according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module of an electric vehicle power battery and a self-protection system thereof according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery module of an electric vehicle power battery and a self-protection system thereof according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
100: a battery case;
200: a battery module;
300: a battery module control unit;
400: a detection unit;
410: a resistance wire; 420: solid gum;
500: a short-circuiting device;
510: a conductive rod;
520: a slip ring guide rod;
521: a first conductive portion; 522: a second conductive portion; 523: an insulating section;
530: a sliding assembly;
531: a slip ring; 532: a slip ring plunger; 533: igniting the wire; 534: a gas generator; 535: a plunger cavity; 536: an elastic element;
540: a pressure balance chamber;
550: a pressure relief valve;
600: a transformer;
700: an electrically conductive cord.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended that features of the invention be limited to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that in this specification, like reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally placed when the products of the present invention are used, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be configured in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present embodiment, it should be further noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the invention discloses a self-protection system for a power battery of an electric vehicle, wherein the power battery comprises a hollow battery shell 100 and a plurality of battery modules 200 which are arranged inside the battery shell 100 and connected in series. The self-protection system comprises: a battery module control unit 300, a plurality of detection units 400 respectively disposed at the bottom of each battery module 200 and located inside the battery case 100, and a plurality of short-circuiting devices 500 respectively disposed outside each battery module 200; wherein the battery module control unit 300 is connected to each of the detection units 400 and each of the short circuit devices 500, respectively; and the battery module control unit 300 determines the corresponding damaged battery module 200 among the battery modules 200 according to the detection result of the detection unit 400 and generates a damaged signal, and transmits the damaged signal to the corresponding short-circuiting device 500; the corresponding short circuit device 500 is electrically connected to the battery modules 200 of the adjacent both ends of the corresponding damaged battery module 200 according to the received damage signal, so as to short-circuit the corresponding damaged battery module 200.
The battery case 100 may be a square case or a cylindrical case, which is not particularly limited in the present embodiment. If a plurality of battery modules 200, which are disposed inside the battery case 100 and connected in series, are referred to as a set of battery modules, the power battery may include a plurality of sets of battery modules. The sensing unit 400 may be disposed at the upper and side surfaces of each battery module 200, in addition to the bottom of each battery module 200, and may be disposed as needed by those skilled in the art.
With the above technical solution, the plurality of battery modules 200 are connected in series, and when the bottom of one or more of the battery modules 200 is impacted, the battery module 200 is squeezed or even pierced by the impact to be damaged, the battery module control unit 300 determines the corresponding damaged battery module 200 in the battery modules 200 according to the detection result of the detection unit 400 disposed at the bottom of the battery module 200 and generates a damage signal, so that the position of the damaged battery module 200 can be accurately located. In addition, the battery module control unit 300 sends the damaged signal to the corresponding short-circuit device 500 of the damaged battery module 200, the corresponding short-circuit device 500 is electrically connected with the battery modules 200 at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module 200, the damaged battery module 200 which is extruded and punctured can be automatically short-circuited, but the access of other battery modules 200 is maintained, so that power can still be output in a short time, thus not only avoiding the thermal runaway of the damaged battery module 200 caused by continuous power supply, but also avoiding the severe accidents such as vehicle collision caused by sudden power interruption.
In one embodiment, each detection unit 400 includes a resistance wire 410 and a resistance element (not shown in the figures); the resistance wire 410 of each detection unit 400 is laid at the bottom of a corresponding battery module 200, and one end of the resistance wire 410 of each detection unit 400 is connected with the battery module control unit 300 through a corresponding resistance element, and the other end is also connected with the battery module control unit 300.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the resistance wire 410 may be a linear resistance wire, a U-shaped conductive wire, or a wave-shaped resistance wire, and those skilled in the art may set the resistance wire according to actual needs.
It should be noted that different resistance wires 410 are connected to different pairs of PINs (PINs) of the battery module control unit 300, that is, different PINs represent different resistance wires 410 at the bottom of the battery module 200. For example, if N battery modules 200 are included in the power battery, both ends of the resistance wire 410 at the bottom of each battery module 200 are connected to 2 PINs 1, 2 PINs 2, \ 8230 \ and 2 PINNs of the battery module control unit 300, respectively. In a normal state, the resistance wire 410 is connected, and the resistance is 0; if the bottom of the battery module 200 is in an impact state, the resistance wire 410 at the bottom of the battery module 200 is broken, and the resistance becomes infinite. After the resistance wire 410 of the nth battery module 200 is broken, the battery module control unit 300 receives the state change of the PINN terminal thereof, that is, the resistance of the resistance wire 410 of the nth battery module 200 is changed from 0 to infinity, so that it can be determined that the nth battery module 200 is impacted or pierced, that is, the damaged battery module 200 is determined.
By adopting the above technical scheme, a plurality of battery modules 200 are connected in series, the resistance wire 410 of each detection unit 400 is laid at the bottom of a corresponding battery module 200, the resistance wire 410 of each detection unit 400 is connected with the battery module control unit 300, when the bottom of one or more battery modules 200 is impacted, the resistance wire 410 at the bottom of the battery module 200 is broken, and the battery module control unit 300 determines the corresponding damaged battery module 200 in the battery modules 200 according to the broken resistance wire 410 and generates a damaged signal.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, each short circuit device 500 includes a conductive rod 510 disposed at an upper outer side of each battery module 200, two slip ring guides 520 respectively symmetrically disposed at both ends of each battery module 200, and two sliding assemblies 530 respectively symmetrically disposed at both ends of each battery module 200. Wherein, one ends of the two slip ring guide rods 520 are connected through the conductive rod 510, and the other ends are connected with the battery module 200; each slip ring guide 520 comprises a first conductive portion 521, a second conductive portion 522, and an insulating portion 523 disposed between the first conductive portion 521 and the second conductive portion 522; one end of the second conductive part 522 far away from the first conductive part 521 is connected to the conductive rod 510, and one end of the first conductive part 521 far away from the second conductive part 522 is connected to the battery module 200; the sliding member 530 disposed at the same end of the battery module 200 is slidably coupled to the slip ring guide 520, such that the sliding member 530 is coupled to the first conductive part 521, the second conductive part 522, or the insulating part 523. The two sliding members 530 of the damaged battery module 200 receive the damage signal, and the two sliding members 530 slide to positions connected to the corresponding second conductive parts 522 according to the damage signal, so that the conductive rods 510 of the damaged battery module 200, the two slip ring guides 520, the two sliding members 530, and the battery modules 200 at the adjacent two ends of the damaged battery module 200 are electrically connected, so that the damaged battery module 200 is short-circuited.
In this embodiment, the conductive rod 510 may be disposed on the outer side of the upper portion of each battery module 200, and may also be disposed on the outer side of other positions, such as the outer side on the left side and the outer side on the right side, and a groove may also be disposed on one side of the battery module 200, and the conductive rod 510 is disposed inside the groove, which may be disposed according to actual needs by those skilled in the art, and this embodiment does not specifically limit this. The two sliding members 530 may be disposed at outer sides of both ends of the battery module 200, or two grooves may be disposed at both ends of the battery module 200, and the two sliding members 530 are disposed in the two grooves. The sliding connection may be achieved by providing a through hole at one side of the sliding assembly 530 such that the slip ring guide 520 is disposed inside the through hole, and the slip ring guide 520 is slidably connected to the sliding assembly 530. Alternatively, the sliding assembly 530 and the slip ring guide 520 may be respectively provided with a sliding block and a groove, and the slip ring guide 520 and the sliding assembly 530 may be slidably connected by sliding connection with the groove.
It should be noted that the two sliding members 530 of each battery module 200 are connected to the battery module control unit 300. One end of each slide assembly 530 near the slip ring guide 520 may be conductive. Under normal conditions, the sliding assemblies 530 of the battery modules 200 are connected to the first conductive parts 521 of the sliding assemblies 530 at the same end, and one end of each of two adjacent battery modules 200 is connected to one end of the sliding assembly 530 close to the slip ring guide 520 and the corresponding first conductive part 521 through a conductive wire to realize series connection. When the power battery is damaged, after the two sliding assemblies 530 of the damaged battery module 200 receive the damage signal sent by the battery module control unit 300, the two sliding assemblies 530 respectively slide to the positions connected to the corresponding second conductive parts 522 according to the damage signal. At this time, the two sliding assemblies 530 of the damaged battery module 200 are close to one end of the corresponding slip ring guide rod 520 and the two slip ring guide rods 520, and the conductive rods 510 are connected and electrically connected to the battery modules 200 at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module 200 through conductive wires, so that the damaged battery module 200 is short-circuited.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, each slide assembly 530 includes a slide ring 531, a slide ring plunger 532, a squib 533, a plunger cavity 535, and a gas generator 534. Wherein, both ends of the battery module 200 are provided with grooves, and the grooves form plunger cavities 535; the slip ring plunger 532 is disposed inside the plunger cavity 535 and is slidably connected to the plunger cavity 535; the slip ring 531 is arranged at one end of the slip ring plunger 532 close to the slip ring guide rod 520, the slip ring 531 is provided with a through hole, the slip ring guide rod 520 penetrates through the through hole and is in sliding connection with the slip ring 531 through the through hole, so that the through hole of the slip ring 531 is connected with the first conducting part 521, the second conducting part 522 or the insulating part 523; the detonating cord 533 is arranged inside the slip ring plunger 532, passes through the slip ring plunger 532, and connects the slip ring 531 with the bottom of the slip ring plunger 532; the gas generator 534 is disposed at an end of the detonation wire 533 remote from the slip ring 531, and is disposed inside the plunger cavity 535 and outside the slip ring plunger 532.
The gas generator 534 of the damaged battery module 200 is configured to receive the damaged signal, and according to the explosion of the gas generator 534 corresponding to the damaged signal, the corresponding slip ring plunger 532 is pushed to slide, so that the through hole of the corresponding slip ring 531 is electrically connected to the corresponding second conductive part 522, and the conductive rod 510, the slip ring guide rod 520, the slip ring 531, and the battery modules 200 at two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module 200 are electrically connected, so that the damaged battery module 200 is short-circuited.
It should be noted that the slip ring 531 and the end of the squib 533 of each battery module 200 close to the slip ring 531 may be electrically conductive, and the other parts may not be electrically conductive. The gas generator 534 is connected to the battery module control unit 300.
The two gas generators 534 of the damaged battery module 200 receive the damaged signal sent by the battery module control unit 300, at this time, the damaged signal may be a high-level signal, after the gas generators 534 receive the high-level signal, the corresponding gas generator 534 is ignited, the gas pressure in the corresponding plunger cavity 535 is increased, so as to push the corresponding slip ring plunger 532 to slide upwards, and the corresponding slip ring 531 is connected with the corresponding second conductive part 522. The conductive rod 510, the two slip ring guide rods 520, the second conductive parts 522 corresponding to the two slip rings 531, and one end of the corresponding detonating cord 533 close to the slip ring 531 are electrically connected to the battery modules 200 at two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module 200 through two conductive wires, so that the damaged battery module 200 is short-circuited.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, each slide assembly 530 further comprises a resilient element 536, the resilient element 536 being disposed within the plunger cavity 535 and outside of the slip ring plunger 532 proximate the gas generator 534; the resilient element 536 has one end connected to the bottom of the slip ring plunger 532 and the other end connected to the bottom of the plunger cavity 535.
In this embodiment, the elastic element 536 may be a spring. After the gas generator 534 is ignited, the gas pressure in the plunger cavity 535 is increased to push the corresponding slip ring plunger 532 to slide, the elastic element 536 is stretched, the elastic element 536 has restoring force, and has a certain pulling effect on the slip ring plunger 532, so that the slip ring plunger 532 can be adjusted to slide, the slip ring plunger 532 is prevented from sliding too fast, and the slip ring 531 is ensured to be in stable contact with the second conductive part 522 of the slip ring guide rod 520.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the short-circuiting device 500 further includes a pressure equalizing chamber 540 and a pressure relief valve 550, the pressure equalizing chamber 540 being disposed on one side of the plunger chamber 535, and the pressure equalizing chamber 540 being connected to the plunger chamber 535 through the pressure relief valve 550.
In this embodiment, after gas generator 534 is ignited, the gas pressure inside plunger cavity 535 increases, pushing corresponding slip ring plunger 532 to slide upward, and a certain amount of air can be released to pressure balance cavity 540 through relief valve 550 to adjust the gas pressure inside plunger cavity 535, further ensuring that slip ring 531 smoothly contacts second conductive part 522 of slip ring guide rod 520.
As shown in fig. 4, in one embodiment, the detection unit 400 further includes a solid glue 420, the bottom of the battery module 200 is connected to the battery case 100 (not shown in fig. 4) through the solid glue 420, and the resistance wire 410 is disposed inside the solid glue 420.
In this embodiment, the bottom of the battery module 200 is fixedly connected to the battery housing 200 through the solid glue 420, so as to prevent the battery module 200 from shaking inside the battery housing 100 to cause damage during the driving process of the electric vehicle. The arrangement of the resistance wire 410 inside the solid glue 420 avoids the breakage of the resistance wire 410 in the event of a slight impact.
In a specific embodiment, the self-protection system further comprises a transformer 600, wherein one end of the transformer 600 is connected with the output end of the power battery; the other end of the transformer 600 is connected to the battery module control unit 300.
In the present embodiment, after the damaged battery module 200 is short-circuited, the battery module control unit 300 sends a damage signal to the transformer 600, and after the transformer 600 receives the damage signal, the output voltage of the power battery is adjusted according to the number of the damaged battery modules 200 that are short-circuited, so that the power battery still has stable voltage output in a short time after a part of the battery modules 200 are damaged.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment, the self-protection system further includes a conductive cord 700, and the ends of the explosion wire 533 of two adjacent battery modules 200 close to the slip ring 531 are connected by the conductive cord 700.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention also discloses an electric vehicle power battery, which includes: the self-protection system comprises a hollow battery shell 100, a plurality of battery modules 200 which are arranged in the battery shell 100 and connected in series, and a self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention; the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle is electrically connected with each battery module 200.
The invention provides a self-protection system of an electric automobile power battery and the electric automobile power battery, wherein a plurality of battery modules 200 are connected in series, when the bottom of one or more battery modules 200 is impacted, so that the battery modules 200 are extruded, even punctured and damaged, a battery module control unit 300 determines the corresponding damaged battery module 200 in the battery modules 200 according to the detection result of a detection unit 400 arranged at the bottom of the battery modules 200 and generates a damage signal, and therefore the position of the damaged battery module 200 can be accurately positioned. In addition, the battery module control unit 300 sends the damage signal to the corresponding short-circuit device 500 of the damaged battery module 200, and the corresponding short-circuit device 500 receives the damage signal and then is electrically connected with the battery module 200 with undamaged two adjacent ends of the corresponding damaged battery module 200, so that the extruded battery module 200 can be automatically short-circuited, but the access of other battery modules 200 is maintained, and power can still be output in a short time, thereby not only avoiding thermal runaway of the extruded battery module 200 caused by continuous power supply, but also avoiding severe accidents such as collision of vehicles caused by sudden power interruption.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is a more particular description of the invention than is possible with reference to the specific embodiments, and the specific embodiments of the invention are not to be considered as limited to those descriptions. Various changes in form and detail, including simple deductions or substitutions, may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A self-protection system of a power battery of an electric automobile comprises a hollow battery shell and a plurality of battery modules which are arranged in the battery shell and connected in series; characterized in that the self-protection system comprises: the battery module control unit, a plurality of detection units which are respectively arranged at the bottom of each battery module and are positioned in the battery shell, and a plurality of short-circuit devices which are respectively arranged outside each battery module; wherein
The battery module control unit is respectively connected with each detection unit and each short-circuit device; and is provided with
The battery module control unit determines a corresponding damaged battery module in the battery modules according to the detection result of the detection unit, generates a damaged signal and sends the damaged signal to the corresponding short-circuit device;
and the corresponding short-circuit device is electrically connected with the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the corresponding damaged battery module according to the received damaged signal so as to short-circuit the corresponding damaged battery module.
2. The self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the detection units comprises a resistance wire and a resistance element; wherein
The resistance wire of each detection unit is laid at the bottom of the corresponding battery module, one end of the resistance wire of each detection unit is connected with the battery module control unit through the corresponding resistance element, and the other end of the resistance wire of each detection unit is also connected with the battery module control unit.
3. The self-protection system for electric vehicle power battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein each of the short-circuiting devices comprises a conducting rod disposed outside the upper portion of each of the battery modules, two slip ring guides symmetrically disposed at both ends of each of the battery modules, respectively, and two sliding assemblies symmetrically disposed at the both ends of each of the battery modules, respectively; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
one ends of the two slip ring guide rods are connected through the conducting rods, and the other ends of the two slip ring guide rods are connected with the battery module;
each slip ring guide rod comprises a first conductive part, a second conductive part and an insulating part arranged between the first conductive part and the second conductive part; one end of the second conductive part, which is far away from the first conductive part, is connected with the conductive rod, and one end of the first conductive part, which is far away from the second conductive part, is connected with the battery module;
the sliding assembly arranged at the same end of the battery module is connected with the slip ring guide rod in a sliding mode, so that the sliding assembly is connected with the first conducting part, the second conducting part or the insulating part;
the two sliding assemblies of the damaged battery module receive the damaged signal and respectively slide to the positions connected with the corresponding second conductive parts according to the damaged signal, so that the conductive rod of the damaged battery module, the two slip ring guide rods, the two sliding assemblies and the battery modules at the two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected, and the damaged battery module is short-circuited.
4. The self-protection system for electric vehicle power battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of the sliding assemblies comprises a slip ring, a slip ring plunger, a detonating cord, a plunger cavity, and a gas generator; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
grooves are formed in two ends of the battery module, and the grooves form the plunger cavity;
the slip ring plunger is arranged inside the plunger cavity and is in sliding connection with the plunger cavity;
the slip ring is arranged at one end, close to the slip ring guide rod, of the slip ring plunger, and is provided with a through hole; the slip ring guide rod penetrates through the through hole and is in sliding connection with the slip ring through the through hole, so that the through hole of the slip ring is connected with the first conducting part or the second conducting part or the insulating part;
the detonation wire is arranged inside the slip ring plunger, penetrates through the slip ring plunger and is connected with the slip ring and the bottom of the slip ring plunger;
the gas generator is arranged at one end, far away from the slip ring, of the detonating cord, is arranged inside the plunger cavity and is positioned outside the slip ring plunger;
the gas generator of the damaged battery module is used for receiving the damaged signal, and the corresponding slip ring plunger is pushed to slide according to the explosion of the gas generator corresponding to the damaged signal, so that the through hole of the corresponding slip ring is connected with the corresponding second conductive part, and the conductive rod of the damaged battery module, the slip ring guide rod, the slip ring and the battery modules at two adjacent ends of the damaged battery module are electrically connected, so that the damaged battery module is short-circuited.
5. The self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of the sliding assemblies further comprises an elastic element disposed inside the plunger cavity and outside the slip ring plunger near the gas generator; one end of the elastic element is connected with the bottom of the slip ring plunger, and the other end of the elastic element is connected with the bottom of the plunger cavity.
6. The self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile as claimed in claim 5, wherein the short-circuiting device further comprises a pressure balance chamber and a pressure relief valve, the pressure balance chamber is disposed at one side of the plunger chamber, and the pressure balance chamber is connected with the plunger chamber through the pressure relief valve.
7. The self-protection system of the power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the detection unit further comprises a solid glue, the bottom of the battery module is connected to the battery case through the solid glue, and the resistance wire is disposed inside the solid glue.
8. The self-protection system for the power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a transformer, wherein one end of the transformer is connected to the output end of the power battery; and the other end of the transformer is connected with the battery module control unit.
9. The self-protection system for the power battery of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the self-protection system further comprises a conductive cord, and one ends of the explosion wire of two adjacent battery modules near the slip ring are connected through the conductive cord.
10. An electric vehicle power battery, comprising: a hollow battery case, a plurality of battery modules which are arranged inside the battery case and are connected in series, and the self-protection system of the electric vehicle power battery of any one of claims 1 to 9; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
and the self-protection system of the power battery of the electric automobile is electrically connected with each battery module.
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| CN202110571632.3A CN115395187B (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2021-05-25 | Self-protection system of electric automobile power battery and electric automobile power battery |
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| CN202110571632.3A CN115395187B (en) | 2021-05-25 | 2021-05-25 | Self-protection system of electric automobile power battery and electric automobile power battery |
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| CN115395187B CN115395187B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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| CN115395187B (en) | 2024-04-02 |
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