CN115395066A

CN115395066A - Preparation method of membrane electrode, membrane electrode and fuel cell

Info

Publication number: CN115395066A
Application number: CN202211028676.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 艾勇诚; 蔡超; 陈�峰
Original assignee: Sany Electric Vehicle Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sany Electric Vehicle Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-25
Filing date: 2022-08-25
Publication date: 2022-11-25

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and provides a preparation method of a membrane electrode, a membrane electrode and a fuel cell, wherein the preparation method of the membrane electrode comprises the following steps: preparing a first frame in an inactive area of a first surface of the proton exchange membrane by utilizing the support of a proton exchange membrane support membrane; preparing a first catalytic layer in an active area of a first surface of the proton exchange membrane to form a semi-finished membrane assembly; preparing a supporting structure on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane module; removing the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane of the semi-finished membrane component; and preparing a second frame in the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane of the semi-finished membrane module, and preparing a second catalytic layer in the active area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane to form the membrane module. Can ensure that the membrane component is supported in the whole preparation process, and the preparation process of the membrane electrode has high stability.

Description

Preparation method of membrane electrode, membrane electrode and fuel cell

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a preparation method of a membrane electrode, a membrane electrode and a fuel cell.

Background

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a very promising power source for vehicles, and the membrane electrode is the heart of the fuel cell and is a core component for power generation. In the production process of the membrane electrode, the proton exchange membrane has low mechanical strength and is sensitive to temperature and humidity due to the thin thickness, so that the membrane electrode is difficult to operate and process. Therefore, in the prior art, the frames are prepared on the two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and then the catalyst layer is sprayed, so that the mechanical strength of the frames is utilized to support the proton exchange membrane to a certain extent. However, the middle area of the prepared frame is hollowed out, so that the support effect is limited, the dimensional stability is poor, the mechanical strength of the proton exchange membrane cannot be effectively improved, and the problems of membrane electrode operation and processing difficulty cannot be effectively solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a preparation method of a membrane electrode, a membrane electrode and a fuel cell, which are used for solving the defects that in the prior art, the mechanical strength of a proton exchange membrane cannot be effectively improved due to the limited supporting effect and poor dimensional stability of a mode of supporting the proton exchange membrane by using a frame.

The invention provides a preparation method of a membrane electrode, which comprises the following steps:

preparing a first frame in an inactive area of a first surface of the proton exchange membrane by utilizing the support of a proton exchange membrane support membrane;

preparing a first catalytic layer in an active area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane to form a semi-finished membrane assembly;

preparing a support structure on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane module;

removing the proton exchange membrane support membrane of the semi-finished membrane assembly;

and preparing a second frame in the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane of the semi-finished membrane module, and preparing a second catalytic layer in the active area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane to form the membrane module.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, the first frame is prepared in the inactive area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane by using the support of the proton exchange membrane support membrane, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

preparing a first support structure;

coating the first support structure on the first surface of the proton exchange membrane;

and removing the active area part of the first support structure and the first support film of the first support structure to form the first frame.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, the preparation of the first support structure comprises the following steps:

sequentially covering a first frame raw material layer and a first release film on the first support film;

and removing the active area part of the first release film and the first frame raw material layer, or removing the inactive area part of the first release film to form the first support structure.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, the preparation of the support structure on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane assembly comprises the following steps:

covering a support mask on one side of the first catalytic layer far away from the proton exchange membrane;

and a support film is covered on one surfaces of the first frame and the support mask, which are far away from the proton exchange membrane.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, the step of preparing the second frame in the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane of the semi-finished membrane assembly comprises the following steps:

preparing a second support structure;

coating the second support structure on the second face of the proton exchange membrane;

and removing the active region part of the second support structure and the second support film of the second support structure.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, the preparation of the second support structure comprises the following steps:

sequentially covering a second frame raw material layer and a second release film on the second support film;

and removing the second release film and the active area part of the second frame raw material layer, or removing the inactive area part of the second release film to form the second support structure.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode, the first catalytic layer and the second catalytic layer are prepared in a spraying mode, a thermal transfer printing mode or a slit extrusion direct coating mode.

The present invention also provides a membrane electrode comprising a membrane module, the membrane module comprising:

a proton exchange membrane;

the first frame is arranged in the inactive area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane;

a first catalytic layer disposed in an active region of a first face of the proton exchange membrane;

a second frame disposed in an inactive area of a second face of the proton exchange membrane;

and the second catalytic layer is arranged in the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane.

According to a film electrode provided by the present invention, the first frame and the second frame each include:

a frame film;

and the frame glue layer is used for bonding the frame membrane and the proton exchange membrane.

According to the present invention, there is provided a membrane electrode further comprising:

a first diffusion layer coated on the first surface of the membrane module;

and the second diffusion layer is coated on the second surface of the membrane assembly.

The invention also provides a fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode as defined in any one of the preceding claims.

According to the preparation method of the membrane electrode, the membrane electrode and the fuel cell, provided by the invention, the first frame is prepared on the first surface of the proton exchange membrane by using the proton exchange membrane support membrane carried by the proton exchange membrane raw material as a support, so that the size deformation in the process of combining the first frame and the proton exchange membrane can be effectively reduced; the first catalyst layer is prepared by utilizing the supporting action of the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane and the first frame, so that the formed first catalyst layer has good overall flatness, and the formed semi-finished membrane assembly has good dimensional stability and is easy to control; in addition, the support structure is prepared on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane assembly, so that the membrane assembly still has good mechanical strength after the proton exchange membrane support membrane is removed, and has good dimensional stability and adaptability for the subsequent preparation procedures of the second frame and the second catalyst layer. Therefore, the membrane component can be supported in the whole preparation process, and the membrane electrode preparation process has high stability.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a proton exchange membrane raw material provided by the present invention (i.e., a schematic structural view of a proton exchange membrane with a proton exchange membrane support membrane);

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first frame raw material provided by the present invention (i.e., a schematic diagram of a first frame raw material layer and a first release film sequentially coated on a first support film);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a die-cut first side frame stock layer provided by the present invention (full cut first side frame stock layer, half cut first support film);

FIG. 4 is a top view of a layer of die-cut first framing stock provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first frame material removal active region provided by the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first release film with a non-active region removed from a first frame raw material according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first mask provided by the present invention without cutting;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first support structure provided by the present invention overlying a proton exchange membrane substrate;

FIG. 9 is a second schematic view of the first support structure of the present invention overlaid on the raw material of the proton exchange membrane;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane with a first frame according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a spray coating process for preparing a first catalytic layer according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of the application of a catalyst coating to a coated membrane provided by the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the transfer of a catalyst coating provided by the present invention onto an active area of a proton exchange membrane;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a slit extrusion direct coating process for preparing a first catalytic layer according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a proton exchange membrane with a first border and a first catalytic layer according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural view of a proton exchange membrane provided with a support structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural view of a proton exchange membrane provided in accordance with the present invention with the proton exchange membrane support membrane removed;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a second frame formed on the second side of the proton exchange membrane according to the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating the fabrication of a second catalytic layer on a second side of a proton exchange membrane according to the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic structural view of a membrane module provided by the present invention;

fig. 21 is a flowchart of a method of manufacturing a membrane electrode provided by the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a proton exchange membrane support membrane; 2. a proton exchange membrane; 3. a first frame film;

4. a first frame glue layer; 5. first, a a release film; 6. a first support film adhesive layer;

7. a first support film; 8. a first mask; 9. a first catalytic layer;

10. a spray head; 11. a coating film; 12. transferring the boss;

13. a slot extrusion die head; 14. supporting the mask; 15. a support film adhesive layer;

16. a support film; 17. a second frame glue layer; 18. a second frame film;

19. a second catalytic layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The following describes a method for producing a membrane electrode, and a fuel cell according to the present invention, with reference to fig. 1 to 21.

As shown in fig. 21, the method for preparing a membrane electrode provided by the present invention may include:

step S1: preparing a first frame in an inactive area of a first surface of a proton exchange membrane 2 by utilizing the support of a proton exchange membrane support membrane 1;

step S2: preparing a first catalyst layer 9 in an active area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 to form a semi-finished membrane assembly;

and step S3: preparing a supporting structure on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane module;

and step S4: removing the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane 1 of the semi-finished membrane component;

step S5: and preparing a second frame in the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 of the semi-finished membrane module, and preparing a second catalyst layer 19 in the active area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 to form the membrane module.

It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, each existing proton exchange membrane 2 has at least one proton exchange membrane support membrane 1, the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 and the proton exchange membrane 2 are tightly combined due to the processing technology of the proton exchange membrane, the peel strength can often reach 3 to 50gf/25mm, and the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 is often made of materials with high mechanical strength, such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), PI (polyimide), PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), and the like, and the thickness is often between 50 to 150um, so as to have good supporting and protecting effects on the proton exchange membrane 2.

By the arrangement, the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 of the proton exchange membrane raw material is used as a support, the first frame is prepared on the first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2, and the size deformation of the first frame and the proton exchange membrane 2 in the laminating process can be effectively reduced; the first catalyst layer 9 is prepared by utilizing the supporting action of the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane 1 and the first frame, so that the formed first catalyst layer 9 has good overall flatness, and the formed semi-finished membrane assembly has good dimensional stability and is easy to control; in addition, the support structure is prepared on the first surface of the semi-finished membrane module, so that the membrane module still has good mechanical strength after the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 is removed, and has good dimensional stability and adaptability for the subsequent preparation procedures of the second frame and the second catalyst layer 19. Therefore, the membrane component can be supported in the whole preparation process, and the preparation process of the membrane electrode has high stability.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the preparing the first frame in the inactive area of the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2 by using the support of the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 may include:

preparing a first support structure;

covering the first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 with a first support structure by using the support of the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1;

the active region of the first support structure and the first support film 7 of the first support structure are removed to form a first rim.

In a first alternative embodiment, preparing the first support structure may include:

sequentially coating a first frame raw material layer and a first release film 5 on the first support film 7;

and removing the first release film 5 and the active area part of the first frame raw material layer to form a first support structure.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, sequentially laminating a first frame raw material layer and a first release film 5 on a first support film 7 may include:

covering a first release film 5 on one surface of the first frame raw material layer;

the first support film 7 is laminated on the other surface of the first frame material layer via the first support film adhesive layer 6.

Here, the first release film 5 can protect the first frame material layer, and particularly can protect the first frame material layer of the first frame material layer from being bonded or contaminated before being rolled and used.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, removing the first release film 5 and the active region portion of the first frame raw material layer to form the first support structure may include:

removing the first release film 5;

the first frame material layer is subjected to a punching process to cut off an active region portion of the first frame material layer.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4 (a is an active region and B is an inactive region in the drawings), when the first frame material layer is subjected to the punching process, the first frame material layer may be completely cut, and the first support film 7 may be partially cut from the first frame material layer so as to completely cut off the active region portion of the first frame material layer.

Here, the first supporting film 7 adopts the mode of half cutting off, can guarantee that first supporting film 7 is not broken by complete impact, like this, can make the surface of first supporting structure still show complete structure, makes it keep considerable mechanical strength, and the totality is more level and smooth, and dimensional stability is better, easily controls.

So set up, partial region disappearance and the border material size that causes warp too big, be difficult to control and lead to size precision poor, and then lead to the border laminating to appear fold, laminating alignment precision poor or even dislocation scheduling problem.

In this embodiment, the manner of the punching process may be one or a combination of flat die cutting, circular die cutting and laser cutting.

In an alternative embodiment, removing the first release film 5 and the active region portion of the first frame raw material layer to form the first supporting structure, as shown in fig. 8, may further include:

a first mask 8 is embedded in the active area of the first rim charge layer from which the active area portion is removed.

Here, the first mask 8 is a single-layer polymer film, and the first mask 8 is cut to correspond to the size of the removed active area portion of the first frame material layer.

Because the first supporting structure's of active area first frame raw material layer the disappearance can lead to proton exchange membrane 2 and first supporting structure's first supporting membrane 7 yielding when laminating first supporting structure sunken, and be unfavorable for subsequent processing preparation, and lead to proton exchange membrane 2 to be contaminated by the glue film easily, thereby inlay first mask 8 in the active area of first frame raw material layer, first mask 8 can play the effect of isolation and auxiliary stay, can further guarantee that whole first supporting structure thickness is even level and smooth, make it have comparable mechanical strength, whole dimensional stability is good.

In the roll-to-roll continuous operation, the cutting, alignment and attachment of the first mask 8 can be completed by means of a round die cutting machine, and the first mask 8 can be cut into a specified size by using a roller-shaped cutting die in an asynchronous mode and pulled open at a proper interval to align the active region for attachment. In the process, the basic position precision can be synchronously ensured by using constant tension, the accumulated error gradually generated is eliminated by phase adjustment, the transverse and longitudinal positions of each first mask 8 can be well ensured to correspond to the transverse and longitudinal positions of the active area, and the alignment precision can be controlled within 0.2mm usually.

The first support structure may include a first support film 7, a first frame material layer that is laminated on the first support film 7 and has an active region removed, and a first mask 8 that is embedded in an active region of the first frame material layer.

In a second alternative embodiment, preparing the first support structure, as shown in fig. 6 and 9, may include:

sequentially covering a first frame raw material layer and a first release film 5 on the first support film 7;

and removing the inactive area part of the first release film 5 to form a first support structure.

In this way, the first support membrane 7 and the proton exchange membrane 2 of the active area can be supported without using a mask; because the existence of the first frame raw material layer of the active area, the total thickness of the whole active area is larger than that of the whole inactive area after the first supporting structure is attached to the proton exchange membrane 2, so that the flatness of the first supporting structure is poor, and a slight uneven state is shown, but because the existence of the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane 1 and the first supporting membrane 7, the overall mechanical strength is higher, the state of relative flatness, difficult deformation and easy control can still be shown, and the device is suitable for roll-to-roll continuous operation (namely continuous rolling of the proton exchange membrane 2 covered with the first supporting structure).

It should be noted that the first supporting structure may include a first supporting film 7, a first frame raw material layer laminated on the first supporting film 7, and a first release film 5 with a portion of the inactive area removed.

The first support film 7 and the first frame material layer may be laminated via the first support film adhesive layer 6.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 11 to fig. 14, the first catalytic layer 9 is prepared in an active area of the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2 to form a semi-finished membrane module, which may specifically be:

the first catalytic layer 9 is prepared in the active area of the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2 by means of spray coating or thermal transfer printing or slot extrusion direct coating.

In a first embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a first catalytic layer 9 is prepared by spraying on the active area of the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

applying a catalyst slurry to an active area of a first side of the proton exchange membrane 2 by a plurality of reciprocations of the shower head 10 in a transverse direction (X direction) and a longitudinal direction (Y direction);

and drying to achieve certain uniformity and specified precious metal loading capacity to form the first catalyst layer 9.

Here, due to the existence and fixing and supporting functions of the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1, the proton exchange membrane 2 is not easy to swell after contacting the catalyst slurry solvent sprayed on the surface of the spray head 10 for multiple times, and the overall flatness is good.

In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 12 and 13, the first catalytic layer 9 is prepared by means of thermal transfer printing in the active area of the first face of the proton exchange membrane 2, and in particular comprises the steps of:

coating the catalyst coating on the coating film 11;

the transfer printing boss 12 heats the coating film 11 and pushes the coating film 11 to enable the catalyst coating to be in contact with the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2;

the catalyst coating is transferred to the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2 under the action of certain temperature and pressure to form a first catalytic layer 9.

The catalyst coating may be continuous or may be spaced. Here, the catalyst coating may be disposed at intervals, and the catalyst coating coincides with the active region of the proton exchange membrane 2.

The coating film 11 may be Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or may be polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyperfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polyvinyl chloride (PVF), a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFF), a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, a chlorotrifluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer, or the like, or may be a release film formed by coating a silicone release agent, a fluorine silicon release agent, a polyalkylene release agent, or the like on PET, PEN, or PI as a base material. In the thermal transfer process, the catalyst coating on the coating film 11 contacts with the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2 with the first frame layer under the heating action and the pushing action of the transfer boss 12, and the catalyst layer is transferred to the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2 under the action of certain temperature and pressure.

In a third embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the first catalytic layer 9 is prepared by slot extrusion direct coating on the active area of the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2, specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

the catalyst slurry is extruded through a slot extrusion die 13 to the active area with the first side of the proton exchange membrane 2;

and drying to form a first catalyst layer.

Here, due to the existence and fixing and supporting functions of the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1, the proton exchange membrane 2 is not easy to swell after contacting the catalyst slurry solvent extruded from the surface of the slot extrusion die 13, and the overall flatness is good.

It should be noted that, in practical cases, the slot die 13 may be horizontally placed in order to ensure the controllability of the catalyst slurry. The placement of the slot extrusion die 13 here can be specifically set according to actual operating conditions.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 16, preparing the support structure on the first side of the semi-finished membrane module may include:

covering a support mask 14 on one side of the first catalytic layer 9 far away from the proton exchange membrane 2;

a support membrane 16 is covered on the first frame and the side of the support mask 14 far away from the proton exchange membrane 2.

In this way, after the proton exchange membrane support membrane 1 of the semi-finished membrane module is removed, the semi-finished membrane module has good mechanical strength due to the existence of the support mask 14 and the support membrane 16, and has good dimensional stability and adaptability for subsequent processes for preparing the second frame and the second catalyst layer 19.

Here, the support film 16 may be laminated on the first frame and the side of the support mask 14 away from the proton exchange membrane 2 by the support film glue layer 15.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 18, the preparing of the second frame on the inactive area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2 of the semi-finished membrane module may include:

preparing a second support structure;

covering the second support structure on the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2;

The second frame is prepared in the same manner as the first frame.

In a first alternative embodiment, preparing the second support structure may include:

and removing the second release film and the active area part of the second frame raw material layer to form a second supporting structure.

Specifically, compound second frame raw material layer and second in proper order from type membrane on the membrane is supported to the second, can include:

covering a second release film on one surface of the second frame raw material layer;

the second support film is covered on the other side of the second frame raw material layer through a second support film adhesive layer.

In an alternative embodiment, removing the second release film and the active region portion of the second frame raw material layer to form the second support structure may include:

removing the second release film;

and carrying out punching processing on the second frame raw material layer, and cutting off the active area part of the second frame raw material layer.

When the second frame raw material layer is subjected to the punching process, the second frame raw material layer may be completely cut, and the second support film and a part of the second frame raw material layer may be half cut, so as to ensure that the active region part of the second frame raw material layer can be completely cut.

Here, the second support membrane adopts half the mode of cutting off, can guarantee that the second support membrane is not broken by the complete impact, like this, can make the surface of second support structure still show the complete structure, makes it keep having considerable mechanical strength, and the totality is comparatively more level, and dimensional stability is better, easily controls.

In an optional embodiment, removing the second release film and the active region portion of the second frame raw material layer to form the second support structure may further include:

and embedding a second mask in the active area of the second frame raw material layer with the active area removed.

Here, the size of the second mask is identical to the size of the portion of the active region removed by the second frame material layer.

Because the disappearance of active area's second frame raw material layer can lead to proton exchange membrane 2 and second bearing structure's second to support the membrane yielding depression when laminating second bearing structure, and be unfavorable for subsequent processing preparation, and lead to proton exchange membrane 2 to be contaminated by the glue film easily, thereby inlay the second mask at the active area of second frame raw material layer, the second mask can play the effect of isolation and auxiliary stay, can further guarantee that whole second bearing structure thickness is even level and smooth, make it have comparable mechanical strength, overall dimension stability is good.

In a second alternative embodiment, preparing the second support structure may include:

and removing the inactive area part of the second release film to form a second support structure.

In this way, the second support membrane for supporting the active region and the proton exchange membrane 2 can be performed without using a mask; due to the existence of the second frame raw material layer of the active area, the total thickness of the whole active area is larger than that of the whole inactive area after the second supporting structure is attached to the proton exchange membrane 2, so that the flatness of the first supporting structure is poor, and a slight uneven state is shown, but due to the existence of the proton exchange membrane supporting membrane 1 and the second supporting membrane, the total mechanical strength is higher, and the state of relative flatness, difficult deformation and easy control can still be shown, so that the device is suitable for roll-to-roll continuous operation (namely continuous rolling of the proton exchange membrane 2 covered with the second supporting structure).

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 19, the second catalytic layer 19 is prepared in the active area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2, which specifically may be:

the second catalytic layer 19 is prepared in the active area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2 by means of spray coating or thermal transfer printing or slot extrusion direct coating.

In the first embodiment, the second catalytic layer 19 is prepared by spraying on the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2, and specifically comprises the steps of:

applying a catalyst slurry to the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2 by a plurality of reciprocations of the shower head 10 in the transverse direction (X direction) and the longitudinal direction (Y direction);

and drying to achieve certain uniformity and specified precious metal loading capacity to form a second catalytic layer 19.

Here, due to the existence of the support film and the fixing and supporting functions, the proton exchange membrane 2 is not easily swelled after contacting the catalyst slurry solvent sprayed on the surface of the shower head 10 for many times, and the overall flatness is good.

In a second embodiment, the second catalytic layer 19 is prepared by means of thermal transfer printing in the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2, in particular comprising the steps of:

coating a catalyst coating on the catalyst coated membrane 11;

the transfer printing boss 12 heats the coating film 11 and pushes the coating film 11 to make the catalyst coating contact with the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2;

the catalyst coating is transferred to the active area of the proton exchange membrane 2 under the action of certain temperature and pressure to form a second catalytic layer 19.

In a third embodiment, the second catalytic layer 19 is prepared by slot extrusion direct coating in the active area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2, and specifically, comprises the steps of:

the catalyst slurry is extruded through a slot extrusion die 13 to the active area with the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2;

and drying to form a second catalyst layer.

Here, due to the existence of the support film and the fixing and supporting functions, the proton exchange membrane 2 is less likely to swell after contacting the catalyst slurry solvent extruded from the surface of the slot extrusion die 13, and the overall flatness is good.

It should be noted that, in the step of preparing a second frame in the inactive area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2 of the semi-finished membrane module, preparing a second catalyst layer 19 in the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2, and forming a membrane module, the second frame may be prepared in the inactive area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2 first, and then the second catalyst layer 19 may be prepared in the active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2; alternatively, the second catalyst layer 19 may be prepared in the active region of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2, and then the second frame may be prepared in the inactive region of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2. The order of preparation of the second frame and the second catalytic layer 19 can be determined according to actual needs.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the step of preparing the second frame in the inactive area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2 of the semi-finished membrane module, preparing the second catalytic layer 19 in the active area of the second side of the proton exchange membrane 2, and forming the membrane module, as shown in fig. 20, may further include:

after the second frame and the second catalytic layer 19 are prepared, the support film and the support mask 14 are peeled off, and a membrane module with the first frame and the second frame, the first catalytic layer 9, and the second catalytic layer 19 is obtained.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the membrane electrode preparation method further includes:

the membrane component is respectively covered with a first diffusion layer (GDL) and a second diffusion layer (GDL) on two sides to form a membrane electrode.

The Membrane module may be 5CCM (5 layer Catalyst Coated Membrane), and the Membrane Electrode may be 7MEA (7 layer Membrane Electrode Assembly).

The membrane electrode provided by the present invention is described below, and the membrane module described below and the above-described membrane electrode manufacturing method can be referred to in correspondence with each other.

As shown in fig. 20, a membrane electrode provided by the present invention may include a membrane module, where the membrane module includes a proton exchange membrane 2, a first frame, a first catalytic layer 9, a second frame, and a second catalytic layer 19, where the first frame is disposed in an inactive area of a first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2, and the first catalytic layer 9 may be disposed in an active area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2; the second frame may be disposed in an inactive area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2, and the second catalytic layer 19 may be disposed in an active area of the second face of the proton exchange membrane 2.

The beneficial effects achieved by the membrane electrode provided by the invention are consistent with the beneficial effects achieved by the preparation method of the membrane electrode provided by the invention, and detailed description is omitted here.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, each of the first frame and the second frame may include a frame film and a frame glue layer, and the frame glue layer is used for bonding the frame film and the proton exchange membrane 2.

The frame adhesive layer can be pressure-sensitive adhesive or hot melt adhesive or UV adhesive.

Specifically, the first frame may include a first frame film 3 and a first frame adhesive layer 4, and the first frame film 3 may be coated on the inactive area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 through the first frame adhesive layer 4.

The second frame may include a second frame film 18 and a second frame glue layer 17, and the second frame film 18 may be coated on the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane 2 through the second frame glue layer 17.

In an alternative embodiment, in order to reduce edge damage in the active region and facilitate thickness matching during stacking, the membrane module may further include at least one third frame and at least one fourth frame, where the third frame may overlap a surface of the first frame away from the proton exchange membrane 2, and the fourth frame may overlap a surface of the second frame.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the membrane electrode may further comprise a first diffusion layer and a second diffusion layer, the first diffusion layer may be laminated on the first face of the membrane module, and the second diffusion layer may be laminated on the second face of the membrane module.

The fuel cell provided by the present invention is described below, and the fuel cell described below and the membrane electrode described above may be referred to each other correspondingly.

The fuel cell provided by the invention can comprise the membrane assembly of any one of the above embodiments or the membrane electrode.

The beneficial effects achieved by the fuel cell provided by the invention are consistent with those achieved by the membrane module or the membrane electrode provided by the invention, and thus, the detailed description is omitted here.

The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of making a membrane electrode, comprising:

and preparing a second frame in an inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane of the semi-finished membrane module, and preparing a second catalytic layer in an active area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane to form the membrane module.

2. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein the preparing the first frame in the inactive area of the first surface of the proton exchange membrane by using the support of the proton exchange membrane support membrane comprises:

preparing a first support structure;

overlaying the first support structure on the first face of the proton exchange membrane;

and removing the active region part of the first support structure and the first support film of the first support structure to form the first frame.

3. The method of preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 2, wherein the preparing a first support structure comprises:

sequentially coating a first frame raw material layer and a first release film on the first support film;

4. A membrane electrode manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein said manufacturing a support structure on the first side of the semi-finished membrane module comprises:

5. The method for preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the second frame in the inactive area of the second surface of the proton exchange membrane of the semi-finished membrane module comprises:

preparing a second support structure;

overlaying the second support structure on the second face of the proton exchange membrane;

6. The method of preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 5, wherein the preparing a second support structure comprises:

7. The method of preparing a membrane electrode according to claim 1, wherein the first catalytic layer and the second catalytic layer are prepared by spray coating, thermal transfer printing, or slit extrusion direct coating.

8. A membrane electrode comprising a membrane assembly, the membrane assembly comprising:

a proton exchange membrane;

9. The membrane electrode of claim 8, wherein the first and second rims each comprise:

a frame film;

10. The membrane electrode assembly according to claim 8, further comprising:

a first diffusion layer coated on the first surface of the membrane module;

11. A fuel cell comprising a membrane electrode according to any one of claims 8 to 10.